Post-test Control Group Design Research Articles

Spelling Bee as an Effective Strategy for Vocabulary Learning among Pre-NCE Students

This paper intends to investigate the effectiveness of the Spelling Bee Approach (SBP) on vocabulary learning. Thus, Kano State College of Education and Preliminary Studies (KASCEPS) students were used to ascertain whether the approach is effective. Therefore, the population included all Pre-NCE students in the Department of English and European Languages, specifically in the second semester of the 2020/2021 Academic Session. To this end, a systematic random sampling method was utilized in taking the sample size. There were 18 students as the sample size obtained from the total number of 42 students’ population offering English along with other combinations. Furthermore, the paper adopted an experimental design, particularly a pre-test and post-test control group design. The Spelling Dictation Achievement Test (SDAT) was employed as the instrument of the data collection. The 18 students of the sample size constituted both experimental and control groups of the study. The data was analysed using a t-test for independent samples. The result indicated a mean of 70.33 for the experimental group and 30.22 for the control group. Given that, a deduction can be made that Spelling Bee Approach is effective in vocabulary learning. Hence, teachers/lecturers can employ it to teach vocabulary development.

THE EFFECT OF PLATELET-RICH PLASMA ADMINISTRATION ON PROLIFERATION AND DIFFERENTIATION OF ENDOTHELIAL PROGENITOR CELLS IN PATIENTS WITH STABLE CORONARY HEART DISEASE

Endothelial Progenitor Cells (EPCs) are crucial precursors to endothelial cells, playing a key role in regulating blood vessel structure and maintaining homeostasis to protect against inflammation and thrombosis, contributing to stable coronary heart disease (CHD). Growth factors stimulate signal transduction during EPC proliferation and differentiation. Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP) contains widely recognized growth factors in angiogenesis. Our research aimed to analyze PRP's effects on EPC proliferation and differentiation in stable CHD patients. Using an experimental post-test control group design, mononuclear cells (MNCs) from peripheral blood were cultured with M-199 medium, divided into PRP, Platelet Poor Plasma (PPP), and control groups, and incubated for 14 days. EPC proliferation was quantified with CD34 markers using ANOVA. After 7 days, differentiated cells were counted with von Willebrand Factor (vWF) markers using the Mann-Whitney U test.EPC proliferation significantly increased in the PRP group (1.052 ± 0.16) compared to PPP (0.762 ± 0.19) and the control (0.068 ± 0.05, p=0.000). However, EPC differentiation showed no significant increase in the PRP group compared to PPP (0.00-0.30 vs. 0.00-0.20, p = 0.565) or the control (0.00-0.30 vs. 0.00-0.00, p = 0.064). Additionally, no significant increase in EPC differentiation was observed in the PPP group compared to the control (0.00-0.20 vs. 0.00-0.00, p = 0.144). PRP significantly enhanced EPC proliferation but did not significantly enhance differentiation in the peripheral blood of stable CHD patients compared to PPP and control groups.

Cooperative Learning Vs Direct Teaching in Basketball: Effects on Junior High School Students Basic Techniques

This study aims to determine the impact of using one of the Student Team Achievement Division (STAD) type cooperative learning models on mastery of basic basketball techniques in grade VII junior high school students. This study used an experimental method using a randomize pretest posttest control group design. A total of 75 students were involved in this study, and were divided into two groups, namely 37 experimental groups and 38 people as a control group. The number is obtained from the entire class VII taken using cluster random sampling. The data collection technique uses a type of skill test of basic passing, shooting and dribbling techniques in basketball games that emphasize assessing their movements. The data analysis technique uses the help of the IBM SPSS version 25 program with an independent sample t-test analysis type at a confidence level of 0.05. Based on the results of the analysis obtained, researchers concluded that there is a significant average difference between the STAD type cooperative model and the direct teaching model, where the STAD model has a greater influence on basic basketball technical skills. It is expected that PJOK teachers pay more attention to the characteristics of students, so that they are able to apply models that are in accordance with their characteristics.

Effects of the care given to intensive care patients using an evidence model on the prevention of central line-associated bloodstream infections.

It is important to put evidence-based guidelines into practice in the prevention of central line-associated bloodstream infections in intensive care patients. In contrast to expensive and complex interventions, a care bundle that includes easy-to-implement and low-cost interventions improves clinical outcomes. The compliance of intensive care nurses with guidelines is of great importance in achieving these results. The Translating Evidence into Practice Model provides guidance in how to implement the necessary guidelines. This quasi-experimental study used a post-test control group design in nonequivalent groups and was conducted in the anesthesia intensive care unit of a tertiary-level training and research hospital. All patients who were hospitalized in the intensive care unit, who had a central line during the study, and who met the inclusion criteria were included in the sample. The care bundle comprised education, and protocols for hand hygiene and the aseptic technique, maximum sterile barrier precautions, central line insertion trolley, and management of nursing care. To analyze the data, the independent samples t-test, the Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, dependent samples t-test, rate ratio, and relative risk were used with 95% confidence intervals. The rate of central line-associated bloodstream infections was significantly lower in the intervention group (2.85/1000 central line days) than in the control group (3.35/1000 central line days) (P = 0.042). The number of accesses to the central line by the nurses decreased significantly in the intervention group compared to the control group (P < 0.001). The mean score for the nurses' evidence-based guideline post-education knowledge (70.80 ± 12.26) was significantly higher than that pre-education (48.20 ± 14.66) (P < 0.001). Compliance with the guideline recommendations in central line-related nursing interventions and in the central line insertion process was significantly better in the intervention group than in the control group in many interventions (P < 0.05). The mean score for the nurses' attitude towards evidence-based nursing increased significantly over time (59.87 ± 7.23 at the 0th month; 63.79 ± 7.24 at the 6th month) (P < 0.001). Nursing care given by implementing the central line care bundle with the Translating Evidence into Practice Model affected the measures. Thanks to the implementation of the care bundle, the rate of infections and the number of accesses to the central line decreased, while the critical care nurses' knowledge of evidence-based guidelines, compliance with the guideline recommendations in central line-related nursing interventions, and attitudes towards evidence-based nursing improved.

Studi Eksperimen Metode Mengajar Resipocal Self Check Terhadap Peningkatan Kemampuan Tenis Lapangan

methods, which may be expected to be used as alternative models of solutions in the context of developing the quality of learning the game of tennis. The method used is an experimental method using the Pretest Posttest Control Group Design, in this design the sample is obtained for the total population, then an initial test or pre-test is held. The initial test was carried out to determine the initial ability of the sample, in this case the ability to play tennis. The data from the initial test results are arranged based on ranking, the aim is to determine the ability of playing tennis skills, samples ranging from the largest to the lowest. Then divided into two, then two objects that have the same score are matched using the maching method so that there are two groups that have almost the same tennis playing skills. The analysis used in this study is the t test which has fulfilled the homogeneous requirements and is normally distributed, based on the calculation results, it is known that the value of t = 2.42 &gt; t table = 2.201, with a level of = 0.05. So it can be concluded that the reciprocal teaching method is more influential than the self-check method.

Soursop Leaf Nanoparticles On Blood Glucose Levels And Ankle Brachial Pressure Index (ABPI) Values In Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients

Chronic hyperglycemia will cause legs and blood circulation disorders. Treatment with insulin is still quite expensive and with some side effects of oral hypoglycemic drugs. This experience made the management of DM switch to herbal treatment, namely soursop leaves (Annona muricata). The study used a pre and post test control group design with random allocation. Quasy experimental study with a two group pre tpost-testest – post tepost-testst design at 36type-2 DM patients in the Pekalongan City area. Blood glucose levels in the treatment group were measured before and after administration of soursop leaf nanoparticles500 ml/20 gBB 3 times a day for 6 days and 500 mg metformin. Giving soursop leaf nanoparticles at a dose of 500 ml/20 grBW 3 times a day for 6 days is effective on fasting blood glucose levels clinically with a change in value of 65 mg/dL, and has a statistically significant effect on reducing fasting glucose levels (p=0.035).

Hemoglobin Levels of Pregnant Women Consuming Multiple Micronutrients VS Fe+Folate in Banggai District

Providing Fe+Folate for a long time to pregnant women has not been able to show a significant reduction in the incidence of anemia during pregnancy. This study aims to determine the effect of consuming multiple micronutrient supplements on the Hb levels amonv pregnant women in Banggai District. This was a quasi-experimental study with a non-randomised community trial and pre and post-test control group design, which involved 48 pregnant women assigned in the intervention and control groups. This study was conducted in Banggai District in 2020. The intervention group involved pregnant women who were administered with Multiple Micronutrient (MMN) supplements based on the UNIMMAP formula. The control group involved pregnant women who were administered with Fe+Folate supplements. Supplements were administered during the second trimester of pregnancy. Hemoglobin levels were assessed at the 12th week and 24th week of pregnancy. Various anthropometric characteristics and measures were assessed at study baseline. Hemoglobin levels were assessed using the Hemocue Hb 201 tool. Nutritional intake was assessed using the Semi Quantitative-Food Frequency Questionnaire (SQ-FFQ). Data were analyzed using the chi-square test, independent t-test and dependent t-test. The results of the study showed that during the second trimester of pregnancy, the mean hemoglobin level in the intervention group who were given MMN decreased by 0.3 g/dl (p-Value=0.143) and in the control group who were given Fe+Folate decreased by 0.1 g/dl (p-Value=0.408). The adifference in the decrease was not statistically significant. At the 24th week of pregnancy, the mean hemoglobin level of pregnant women who were given MMN was 0.1 g/dl higher than those who were given Fe+Folate. Such difference was not statistically significant (p-Value=0.415). Further study needs to be conducted to examine the effect of MMN and Fe+Folate on hemoglobin levels based on anemia status, characteristics of pregnant women and health status.

Antibacterial test of Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth extract against Porphyromonas Gingivalis as a potential herb for periodontitis: a laboratory experiment

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Periodontitis is a multifactorial inflammatory disease which is generally caused by plaque accumulation. Many studies have shown that Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) is the main etiological agent that contributes to chronic periodontitis. Scaling and root planing (SRP) is the gold standard for periodontitis treatment. The use of antibiotics as additional agents accompanying the SRP procedure has limitations that can cause resistance to subgingival periodontal pathogens. Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth i.e betel leaf is a natural ingredient that contains anti-inflammatory, antibacterial and antioxidant properties. This study aimed to analyze the inhibition of Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth extract against Pg bacteria. Methods: The type of study used was an experimental laboratory with a Post-Test Control Group Design research design which was divided into 6 treatment groups using the disk diffusion method with concentrations of Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth extract 25, 50, 75 and 100%, sterile aquades as a negative control and Chlorhexidine as a positive control. Data analyses of One Way Anova and Post Hoc Tukey were used Results: Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth extract concentrations of 25, 50, 75, and 100% had an effect on reducing the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis (p≤0,05), the average inhibition response was 14.40 mm at 25% concentration, 16.58 mm at 50% concentration and 19.30 mm at 75%, 21.88 mm at 100% concentration.Conclusion: Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth extract has an antibacterial effect against Porphyromonas gingivalis which has the potential to be used as a periodontitis herb.Keywords: Betel leaf extract Peperomia pellucida (L.) Kunth, periodontitis, Porphyromonas gingivalis.

The potential of rambutan honey toothpaste in reducing the dental plaque index: a quasi Experimental study

ABSTRACTIntroduction: The accumulation of dental plaque is a common cause of dental and oral health problems such as caries and periodontitis, therefore it is necessary to control plaque. Brushing is the most effective way to control plaque. Currently, there are various toothpastes used by the people, one of which is herbal toothpaste. One of the herbal toothpastes that has an antibacterial potential is rambutan honey toothpaste. The purpose of this study was to analyze the effectiveness of rambutan honey toothpaste in reducing the dental plaque index. Methods: this research was Quasi Experimental design research with a pre-test post-test control group design. The twenty samples were divided into three treatment groups, namely the group that brushed teeth with base toothpaste, rambutan honey toothpaste, and aquadest. All samples were asked to brush their teeth using base toothpaste, rambutan honey toothpaste, and aquadest twice, after using toothpaste for one day, the plaque index was measured by the Silness and Loe method. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis and post hoc Mann-Whitney tests (p&lt;0.05). Results: There was a significant difference between the plaque index score before and after using rambutan honey toothpaste with a p value=0.005 (p≤0.05). The results also showed the effect of brushing teeth with base toothpaste, rambutan honey toothpaste, and aquadest on plaque index with a value of p=0.005 (p≤0.05). The results showed that there was no significant difference in dental plaque index between base toothpaste and rambutan honey toothpaste with a p value=0.583. Conclusion: Rambutan honey toothpaste has a potential in reducing the dental plaque index.Keywords: plaque index, rambutan honey, toothpaste

Small-group vocabulary intervention combining elements from shared book Reading and the Lexicon pirate method – A pilot study of multilingual children with speech, language and communication needs

Multilingual children living in areas with low socioeconomic status (SES) are at an increased risk of having speech, language and communication needs (SLCN). Many multilingual children with SLCN in Sweden have insufficient basic vocabulary knowledge in the majority language, preventing them from achieving the school's learning goals. However, there is a lack of studies of interventions that could improve vocabulary development in this group, and that can be delivered in an everyday educational setting. This pilot study evaluates the effect of a school-based vocabulary group intervention, which combines elements from shared book reading and the Lexicon Pirate method, on vocabulary skills. A non-randomised pretest–posttest control group design was used. Eighteen six- to seven-year-old multilingual children attending preschool class in low SES areas either received intervention (n = 9) or were included in a control group (n = 9). The intervention group participated in 12 intervention sessions over six weeks. Word knowledge, semantic fluency, and comprehension of semantic relations were assessed pre- and post-intervention. Results revealed that children in the intervention group demonstrated significant gains in knowledge of both trained and untrained words, compared to the control group. No effects were found on semantic fluency or comprehension of semantic relations.

Professionalizing all-volunteer nonprofit organizations: an intervention study based on the competing values framework and self-determination theory

PurposeProfessionalization is an important issue in many all-volunteer nonprofit organizations (e.g. recreational sports clubs). Therefore, this study relied on the competing values framework and self-determination theory to investigate whether a newly developed intervention can effectively strengthen the management processes and leadership styles in all-volunteer sports clubs.Design/methodology/approachFor this purpose, a rigorous non-equivalent pre-test post-test control group design was used. The intervention involved two sessions organized in sports clubs in which internal stakeholders (e.g. board members, coaches, volunteers) were invited to discuss change initiatives aimed at enhancing the organizational processes.FindingsAn effect on both the management processes and leadership styles was found. As for the management processes, the intervention had an impact on the internal processes, with especially the development of an internal communication plan and the annual assessment of the organization's operations being promoted by the intervention. Regarding the leadership styles, the intervention had an effect on the controlling and chaotic leadership style, with leaders becoming less chaotic and controlling in situations in which (respectively) the business plan was established and the tasks were distributed within the organization.Originality/valueThis intervention study adopted an innovative approach to organizational intervention research by focusing on the enhancement of both the management processes and the leadership styles. Its principles are also relevant and valuable to organizations operating in other organizational contexts.

PENGARUH MODEL PEMBELAJARAN KOOPERATIF TIPE TEAM GAME TOURNAMENT (TGT) TERHADAP HASIL BELAJAR SISWA PADA MATA PELAJARAN PPKN KELAS VIII DI SMP NEGERI 5 MUARO JAMBI

This research aims to determine the effect of the team game tournament type cooperative learning model on student learning outcomes in class VIII Civics subjects at SMP Negeri 5 Muaro Jambi. This research was motivated by low student learning outcomes. This research method uses a quasi experimental design with a Nonequivalent Pre-test Post-test control Group Design. This research was conducted at SMP Negeri 5 Muaro Jambi in the 2023/2024 academic year. The population in this study was class VIII and the sample for this study used two classes as sample groups, namely having a total of 40 students. The sampling technique for this research was total sampling. The data collection technique uses tests in the form of Pre-test and Post-test in the experimental class and control class. The data was tested using SPSS software version 24 for Windows. The research results showed that there was an influence of the team game tournament type cooperative learning model on student learning outcomes in class VIII Civics subjects at SMP Negeri 5 Muaro Jambi. This study uses nonparametric statistical tests because the data is not normally distributed. Next, the Mann Whitney test was carried out on the Asymp Sig value. (2-tailed) 0.002 &lt; 0.05. in accordance with Asymp Sig decision making. (2-tailed) &lt; 0.05, it can be concluded that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. So that the application of the team game tournament (TGT) type cooperative learning model influences student learning outcomes in class VIII Civics subjects at SMP Negeri 5 Muaro Jambi.

The Effects of Progressive Muscle Relaxation in Reducing Neuropathic Pain in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

Neuropathic pain in DM sufferers can be reduced by providing non-pharmacological therapy by providing relaxation or by providing education such as providing music therapy, relaxation and guided imagery. Physical exercise with relaxation that can be applied to DM patients includes Progressive Muscle Relaxation. The movements in PMR exercises aim to tighten and relax the muscles in one part of the body at a time to provide a feeling of physical relaxation. Relaxation can calm the nervous system so that the sufferer's body relaxes. This study aims to determine the effect of PMR in reducing neuropathic pain in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The research design used the Quasy Experiment One Group Pretest – Posttest Control Group Design. The population in this study were all type 2 DM patients who experienced neuropathic pain. The sampling technique used was purposive sampling. Progressive Muscle Relaxation was given once a day for 7 days, and the pain scale was measured using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) before and after administering PMR. The results of the study showed that the average pain level in the pre-test control group was 6 and post-test 5, while in the intervention group the average pre-test was 6 and post-test 4.81. The results of the Wilcoxon test in the control group showed a p value of 0.187 so there was no change in pain levels in the control group, while the intervention group showed a p value of 0.0001. The conclusion of this study is that there is a change in pain levels before and after PMR, so PMR can reduce neuropathic pain in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Effectiveness of Cognitive Enhancement Therapy on Vocational abilities and Cognitive Functioning of Inmates residing at destitute home of Punjab: A Quasi Experimental study

Background: Homelessness in India is a growing issue, one that will require multilateral cooperation from various sources to over come. There are approximately 1.8 million homeless individuals living in India. Institutionalized people are disadvantaged from vocational skills and have higher psychological issues. So, Cognitive Enhancement Therapy to inmates of destitute home is to be provided to enhance their cognitive functioning and vocational abilities. Aim: To assess the efficacy of Cognitive Enhancement Therapy on vocational abilities and cognitive functioning in inmates residing at destitute home. Material and methods: A Quasi Experimental (Pretest- Posttest control group design) was used for the study. Purposive sampling method was used to select destitute home, 40 females were selected using simple random sampling technique and subjects were allocated in Experimental and Control group who fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Mini Mental Status examination and Vocational Ability Assessment Scale were used to determine cognitive functioning and vocational abilities. The sessions were delivered among experimental group in 15 consecutive days whereas no intervention was given to control group. Results: Cognitive Enhancement Therapy was found to be effective in terms of improvements of cognitive functioning as the obtained “t” value is 2.54(p= 0.01) and vocational abilities but not statistically significant (p&gt;0.01). Conclusion: The study concluded that Cognitive Enhancement Therapy is useful strategy to improve cognitive functioning and vocational abilities.

The Effect of the Group Investigation Model by Geogebra-Assisted on Student Learning Outcomes in Elementary Algebra Courses

This research was conducted with the aim of finding out the effect of the Group Investigation learning model with Geogebra tools on the learning outcomes of elementary algebra students in the Bachelor of Mathematics Education study program at Bengkulu University. The type of research carried out was quasi experimental research with a pre-test post-test control group design. The research sample was students from the Bachelor of Mathematics Education study program at Bengkulu University, semester 1A with a total of 29 students and semester 1B with a total of 29 students. Semester 1A students applied the Group Investigation model assisted by Geogebra and semester 1B students applied the conventional method. The data was analyzed statistically descriptively and inferentially using t-test and obtained a value of p-value or sig&lt;0.05, namely 0.00&lt;0.05, so it can be concluded that the use of the Group Investigation learning model assisted by Geogebra has affected student learning outcomes. Bengkulu University's Bachelor of Mathematics Education study program is effectively applied to elementary algebra learning in class and has an effect in improving student learning outcomes. Keywords: geogebra, group investigation, learning outcomes, quasi experiment

Pengaruh Pijat Oksitosin Menggunakan Minyak Lavender Terhadap Kecukupan ASI Pada Ibu Menyusui di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Bintang Ara

Exclusive breastfeeding coverage at Bintang Ara Health Center in 2019 reached 69%, while in 2020 exclusive breastfeeding coverage was 61% and in 2021 exclusive breastfeeding coverage was 57.83%. This is still far from the target of 80%. This problem can be overcome by giving a complementary therapy, namely through oxytocin massage. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of oxytocin massage using lavender oil on the adequacy of breast milk in breastfeeding mothers in the Bintang Ara Health Center Work Area. The research method uses a type of research that is Quasy Experimental Pre test- Posttest Control Group Design. With a case sample of 8 people and a control sample of 8 people. Statistical tests using the Wilcoxon test. The results of the study that before the intervention of oxytocin massage using lavender oil, the adequacy of breast milk was less and increased after the intervention. Wilcoxon test results obtained p-value less than α which is 0.008&lt;0.005.

Increased Levels of The Hormone Prolactin Through Complementary Treatments (Breast Care) and Spiritual Approaches (Qur'anic Murottal)

Breast milk is the best natural nutrition for babies and is needed during the first six months of a baby's life. Breast care and Al-Quran Murottal are methods for increasing prolactin hormone levels, and can also reduce the release of stress hormones, which are very important when mothers are breastfeeding. Quasi-experimental (quasi-experiment) with the approach used is a pre-test post test control group design, namely, research that uses a control group to be used as a comparison between pretest and posttest. The sample was obtained using a purposive sampling technique with a total of 39 postpartum mothers divided into (13 postpartum mothers in the breast care group, 13 postpartum mothers in the Murottal Al-Quran group, and 13 postpartum mothers in the control group). Prolactin hormone levels were measured before and after treatment. Data were analyzed using paired t-test and linear regression. The results showed that the breast care group had a value of p= 0.007&lt;0.05, the Al-Quran mental group had a value of p=0.011&lt;0.05, and the control group had a value of p=0.154&gt;0.05. showed that the breast care group and Al-Quran murotal had an influence on prolactin hormone levels, whereas the control group had no influence on prolactin hormone levels. In conclusion, Breast Care and Murottal Al-Quran can be used to increase prolactin hormone levels in postpartum mothers so that postpartum mothers do not need to be confused about how to increase breast milk production.

The Effect of Diabetic Gymnastics on Reducing Blood Sugar Levels, Stress, and Anxiety in Patients with Type II Diabetes Mellitus

Type II diabetes mellitus (DM) has increased significantly in developing countries, including Indonesia. Type II DM is caused by increasing blood sugar levels. There are various complications both physically and psychologically. Psychological disorders include stress and anxiety. One intervention to reduce blood sugar levels, stress and anxiety is diabetic gymnastics. The purpose of the study was to determine the effect of diabetic gymnastics on reducing blood sugar levels, stress, and anxiety. This type of research uses quasi experiment with pre-test and post-test control group design. The population was type II DM patients with a sample of 36 people divided into control and intervention groups of 18 respondents each using purposive sampling technique. The results of the validity and reliability test of the stress variable referring to the Diabetes Distress Scale-17 were declared valid with r 0.79-0.83 with Cronbach alpha's of 0.921, and the anxiety variable referring to the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-42 instrument was declared valid with r 0.532 and Cronbach alpha's of 0.943. Data analysis using Paired Sample T-Test and Independent Sample T Test. The results showed that there was an effect of diabetes gymnastics on reducing blood sugar levels, stress and anxiety in the control group (p-value 0.000), (p-value 0.005), (p-value 0.020) and the intervention group (p-value 0.000), (p-value 0.000), (p-value 0.000) and there were differences in the value of reducing blood sugar levels, stress and anxiety in the control and intervention groups (p-value 0.000), (p-value 0.041), (p-value 0.038). Conclusion There is an effect of diabetic gymnastics on reducing blood sugar levels, stress, and anxiety in patients with type II diabetes mellitus. It is expected that diabetes exercises can be used as one of the interventions in dealing with complications of diabetes mellitus. Keywords: Diabetes mellitus, blood sugar level, anxiety, diabetes gymnastics, stress.

Pengaruh Penerapan Model Eliciting Activities (MEAs) terhadap Kemampuan Komunikasi pada Pembelajaran IPS Siswa Kelas 6 Sekolah Pioneer Depok

This research was motivated by the aim of knowing the social studies learning of students in Grade 6 of Depok Pioneer School that has not been achieved, one of which is communication skills. One of the factors for students' lack of communication skills is simply listening to the teacher's explanation, then taking notes and solving practice questions. This can result in students' knowledge and understanding being limited to the information provided by the teacher. So that a learning model is needed that is applied, namely by applying Model Eliciting Activities (MEAs). The purpose of this study is to determine whether the application of Model Eliciting Activities (MEAs) affects communication skills in social studies learning in grade 6 of Depok Pioneer School better than student communication skills using conventional learning in grade 6 of Depok Pioneer School. This type of research is quasi-experimental research. Sampling was carried out using pre-test post-test control group design. The population in this study amounted to 24 grade 6 students of Depok Pioneer School. Social studies learning activities use Model-Eliciting Activities for experimental classes, while in control classes social studies learning activities use Conventional learning. Data analysis using an independent sample T-Test test on post-test values of the experimental group and control group results showed changes in communication in social studies learning after using Model Eliciting Activities (MEAs). Based on the results of the study, it can be concluded that students' mathematical communication skills using Model Eliciting Activities (MEAs) are better than students' communication skills using conventional learning in Grade 6 of Depok Pioneer School.

Omega 3 supplementation and NF-kB levels in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) receiving induction phase chemotherapy

Background: NF-kB plays an important role in tumorigenesis by regulating cellular apoptosis and growth processes. Activated NF-kβ complexes were found in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), because it is the main regulator for lymphocyte proliferation, survival and development. Several evidence showed that omega 3 fatty acid inhibit NF-kB at any type of cancers. But the effects of omega 3 supplementation to the NF-kB level on children with ALL is still limited. Purpose: Analyse omega 3 fatty acids supplementation at NF-kB level on children with ALL receiving induction phase of chemotherapy and the outcomes of chemotherapy. Methods: an open label randomized pre- and post-test control group design clinical study, conducted at October 2014 until March 2015 at inpatient unit of Haematology Oncology ward Dr. Soetomo Distric Hospital Surabaya. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: treatment group receiving omega 3 softgel 1000 mg orally once a day at the first day of the induction phase were conducted until the last day of the induction phase; and control group. NF-kB were measured before (day 0) and after induction phase (day 42) of chemotherapy. NF-kB level were measured using Human NF-kB (Elabscience®) in ng/ml and analysed statistically using paired sample t test and independent sample t-test using SPSS ver 21 (IBM, US). Results: A total of 22 subjects were included in this study, divided into 11 as the treatment group and 11 as the control group. NF-kB level were reduced at both group; 3.10 + 4.308 ng/ml to 0.76 + 0.762 ng/ml at the treatment group and 8.20 + 11.130 ng/ml to 1.748 + SD 3.072 ng/ml. There was no significant difference of NF-kB levels before and after the induction phase after omega 3 supplementation at the treatment group (p=0.065). Conclusion: There is no significant difference of NF-kB level between the subjects receiving omega 3 supplementation and the subjects who did not had omega 3 supplementation, and there is no relationship between NF-kB levels with chemotherapy outcomes.