Postpartum Pathology Research Articles

Indicators of the mineral metabolism of sows during the reproductive cycle

Over the past decade, domestic pig farming has undergone significant changes in breeding and genetic work related to the breeding of highly productive breeding stock. Their reproductive ability and metabolic state of health depend on an adequate supply of macro- and microelements. Dynamic changes in mineral homeostasis are used as one of the diagnostic criteria for a full-fledged metabolic status. These indicators are homeoresistive for the animal body, and their dynamics can serve as constant in the development of methods for the diagnosis, prevention and prediction of animal diseases of various etiologies. The purpose of this study was to study the dynamics of sow mineral homeostasis during the breeding cycle, depending on the further course of the postpartum period. Studies of blood parameters were performed in the conditions of an industrial complex on the main sows. Blood was taken from the jugular vein during the reproductive cycle: background (before insemination), on the 30th and 80th day of pregnancy, after childbirth. After farrowing, the sows, according to the results of a clinical examination, were divided into two groups of 10 animals each: the remaining clinically healthy and those with postpartum diseases (endometritis, postpartum dysgalactia). As a result of a comparative analysis, identical dynamics of mineral indicators were established throughout the reproductive cycle in animals that remained healthy and became ill with postpartum diseases. In the blood serum of sows with postpartum pathology, there is a lower level of calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper and an increased content of phosphorus. The greatest tension in mineral metabolism between diseased animals and the remaining healthy ones is observed after childbirth.

Association Between Mode of Delivery and Postpartum Assessment of High-Grade Cervical Dysplasia Diagnosed in Pregnancy [ID 2683564

INTRODUCTION: Approximately 5% of pregnancies are complicated by cervical dysplasia. It is hypothesized that cervical remodeling during vaginal delivery may confer higher rates of postpartum regression when compared to cesarean. We sought to evaluate the relationship between mode of delivery and postpartum dysplasia outcomes. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with biopsy-proven high-grade dysplasia diagnosed during pregnancy from January 2013 to December 2022. Demographics, obstetric outcomes, and antepartum and postpartum cervical pathology were collected and IRB approval obtained. Only immunocompetent patients with postpartum pathology obtained within 1 year of delivery were included. Definitions based on postpartum pathology were as follows: regression as low-grade or resolved dysplasia, persistence as high-grade dysplasia, and progression as cervical cancer. Rates were stratified by mode of delivery and data analyzed using the chi-squared test. RESULTS: Among our cohort (N=286), 101 (35%) were diagnosed with CIN2, 181 (63%) with CIN3/CIS, and 4 (1%) with HSIL (not otherwise specified) on antepartum cervical biopsy. 228 (80%) delivered via vaginal delivery and 58 (20%) delivered via cesarean. Rate of postpartum regression was similar in both delivery groups (37% versus 38%; P=.927), as was persistence (62% versus 60%; P=.786). Rate of apparent progression to invasive cancer was low in both groups (<1% versus 2%; P=.365). CONCLUSION: High rates of persistence and low rates of apparent progression were observed subsequent to both vaginal and cesarean deliveries. Our data indicate that the natural history of high-grade dysplasia diagnosed during pregnancy is not affected by route of delivery in a way that should influence postpartum management.

Association Between Maternal Age and Postpartum Assessment of High-Grade Cervical Dysplasia Diagnosed in Pregnancy [ID 2683560

INTRODUCTION: The incidence of cervical dysplasia in pregnancy is expected to rise as patients delay childbearing. Historical studies have quoted high rates of postpartum regression of lesions diagnosed in pregnancy. We sought to evaluate the relationship between maternal age and postpartum progression, regression, and persistence of high-grade lesions. METHODS: This is a retrospective cohort study of patients with biopsy-proven high-grade dysplasia diagnosed during pregnancy from January 2013 to December 2022. Institutional review board approval was obtained. Only immunocompetent patients with postpartum pathology obtained within 1 year of delivery were included. Definitions based on postpartum pathology were as follows: regression as low-grade or resolved dysplasia, persistence as high-grade dysplasia, and progression as invasive cervical cancer. Results were stratified by maternal age (≤24, 25–29, 30–34, 35+) and data were analyzed using the Cochran–Armitage test. RESULTS: Among our cohort (N=286), 101 (35%) were diagnosed with CIN2, 181 (63%) with CIN3/CIS, and 4 (1%) with HSIL (not otherwise specified) on antepartum cervical biopsy. Average age was 28 (±4.2) years. Postpartum regression rate was 44% for patients aged 24 years or younger, 37% in ages 25–29, 33% in ages 30–34, and 33% in ages 35 or older (P=.174). Persistence was common (55%, 63%, 67%, and 64%, respectively) and apparent progression to cancer was rare, occurring in 1% of patients aged 24 years or younger and in 2.8% of patients 35 or older (P=.68). CONCLUSION: Persistence occurred in over half of patients, regardless of age. Our findings emphasize the importance of postpartum follow-up, and possible cervical excision, in patients with antepartum high-grade dysplasia.

(118) Treatment Postcovid Hypogonadism with Autologous Stem Cells and PRP

Abstract Introduction COVID-19 affects ACE receptors, causing autoimmune processes that damage testicular tissue, disrupting the processes of spermatogenesis and testosterone production. Recently, we have seen an increasing number of patients with erectile dysfunction ED appearing 3–6 month safter COVID-19 and prolonging for years. Objective The aim of our study was to determine effectiveness of hormone stimulating and replacement therapy, possibility of restorative therapy with autologous stem cells (ASC) and Plasma rich Platelets (PRP) –therapy in patients with hypogonadism. Methods 117 patients with ED, which appeared 3–6 months after COVID-19. All patients except ED had clinical signs of decreased testosterone: decreased libido, mental and cognitive functions, decreased performance, fatigue. Testosterone fractions (total and free), LH, Estradiol, FSH before, during and after rehabilitation therapy were studied. Patients were divided into 2 groups: 1st- 68 patients with real hypogonadism (Tm = 7.43 + 2.1 below 12 nmol / l), and 2nd - 49 patients with relative hypogonadism (Tm = 14.1 + 1.8 above 12 nmol / l). l), they were studied the sensitivity of tissue receptors to testosterone. Results First group - patients were prescribed Tribulus terrestris extract 45% - 750 mg, Fenugreek extract 50% - 25 mg twice a day for 2 months. 37 patients (54.4%), group 1a (mean age 41.6 + 4.3) responded to therapy by normalizing the level of T (more than 12 nmol/l) and improving erectile function, 31 patients (45.6%), group 1b (average age 47.3 + 5.2) without the effect of herbal medicine prescribed testosterone Omnadren 250 1 time in 3 weeks. After 2 months of hormone replacement therapy, 28 patients were diagnosed with normal T levels, but only 19 patients (61.2%) in group 1b improved their erectile function. Second group - 49 patients were also prescribed Tribulus terrestris extract 45% - 750 mg, Fenugreek extract 50% - 25 mg twice a day for 2 months and PRP therapy (intracavernous injections of 2 ml of autoplasma with a platelet concentration greater than 1 million/ml) 1 time in 10 days 8 times. 23 patients - group 2a responded to therapy with the disappearance of symptoms of hypogonadism and improvement of ED. 26 patients - group 2b – did not have significant improvements, so they received 2 courses of 5 intravenous injections of 5 million autologous stem cells (50 millionin total). 17 patients (65.4% of group 2b) improved their mental health, reduction of symptoms of hypogonadism, improvement of erectile function to normal values (IIEF -5 increased to 19.4 + 2.2). Conclusions 1. Multicenter studies of the effect of COVID-19 on fertile and androgenic function in men and the possibility of their recovery in postpartum pathology are still needed and should be prolonged. 2. A significant proportion of men with postcovid hypogonadism and ED are men with normal levels of T, but reduced sensitivity of tissue receptors to T (relative hypogonadism). 3. In the treatment of relative postcovid hypogonadism, intracavernous PRP therapy and intravenous stem cell therapy have a clinical effect and can be considered as promising treatments for this pathology. Disclosure No.

Characteristics of childbirth in highly productive sows

The purpose of this work was to analyze the prevalence of normal and pathological births in highly productive sows and the impact of their course on further reproductive function. The research was carried out in an industrial complex on 260 highly productive Yorkshire Landrace sows of Danish breeding. It was found that in highly productive sows in 32.69% of cases, pathological labor is recorded, including weak contractions and attempts - in 20.0% and manual labor – in 12.69%. With the clinical manifestation of weak labor activity in women in labor and with the provision of manual labor, 16.32% and 15.20% more piglets were received from them than during normal childbirth. At the same time, there is an increase in the duration of labor by 31.09% (p<0.001) and by 43.15% (p< 0.001), respectively. In pathological childbirth, women in labor are observed to breed more stillborn and mummified piglets than in normal childbirth. Providing obstetric care during childbirth increases the risk of developing inflammatory diseases of the uterus and breast in animals in the early postpartum period. The most common postpartum pathology with primary weakness of labor and manual labor is inflammation of the uterine mucosa, and with manual labor it is supplemented by an increase in the number of sick animals with postpartum dysgalactia. In the next reproductive cycle, the sows, in which the physiological course of the birth process and weak contractions and attempts were recorded, had identical reproduction indicators. However, in animals that had a history of primary weakness of labor activity during the last birth, an increase in the unproductive period was recorded. In sows, after manual care, there is a violation and delay in the restoration of sexual cyclicity, a decrease in fertilization.

Cellular immunity in sows in various physiological periods in a norm and in case of postpartum pathology

The relevance of this study is due to the need to assess the functioning of the cellular component of the immune system in dynamics in sows before insemination, during periods of gestation and lactation in the norm and in the event of postpartum pathology.The purpose of the research is to study cellular immunity in sows in different physiological conditions. The article presents the results of a study of cellular immunity in sows before insemination, during periods of gestation and lactation in normal and postpartum pathology in an industrial pigbreeding complex. Cellular immunity indicators were determined in the blood: T- and Blymphocytes, theophylline-resistant (Ttfr), theophylline-sensitive (Ttfh) lymphocytes and their ratio (Ttfr/Ttfh) in accordance with the "Methodological recommendations for assessing and correcting the immune status of animals" .Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the program Statistica v6.1, reliability assessment - Student's test. It has been established that before insemination, diseased animals have reduced cellular adaptive immunity compared to clinically healthy sows. With the onset of gestation (37-39 days), sows of both groups showed suppression of cellular immunity, which is necessary to ensure the tolerance of the mother's body to fetal alloantigens, the normal course of pregnancy and fetal development, which was more significant in diseased animals. In the second half of gestation (78-80 days), the marked increase in cellular adaptive immunity in sows of both groups is associated with the effect of antigens of the administered vaccines, which was more pronounced in clinically healthy animals. During lactation, the cellular immune response to the administered vaccines in diseased sows was also less significant.

Relationship Between Globulins in the Late Dry Period with Biochemical Parameters, Fertility and Culling of Cows within 90 Days after Calving

Diseases of the transit period in cows and their culling after calving attract considerable attention. Therefore, early diagnosis and prediction of pathological processes during the transition period in cows using biochemical markers stays relevant. The purpose of this study was to find the relationship of globulin levels in the late interlactation period with biochemical parameters and the level of fertilisation and culling of cows within 90 days after calving. The blood serum of cows of the main herd was investigated 10-15 days before calving, based on which the animals were conditionally divided into three groups (with signs of hypogammaglobulinemia (less than 30 g/l)), as well as with normal and elevated (more than 40 g/l) globulin levels. Apart from indicators of protein-nitrogen metabolism, enzymatic activity was also found in the blood serum and the state of carbohydratelipid, mineral, and vitamin metabolism was assessed using biochemical, chromatographic, and spectrophotometric research methods. It was found that cows with hypoglobulinemia showed substantially lower activity of asparagine transaminase, as well as differences in carbohydrate-lipid metabolism (high glucose levels and reduced concentration of high-density lipoproteins). Furthermore, these cows were found to have a decrease in the content of magnesium, as well as copper. It was discovered that within 90 days after calving, the highest level of culling was observed among cows with reduced globulin levels, and the lowest – in animals with normoglobulinemia. Therefore, a direct relationship between the level of globulins in the blood serum 10-15 days before calving with the reproductive capacity and the level of culling of cows was proved. This allows promptly diagnosing and predicting the development of post-partum pathology and reproductive disorders. The results obtained can be used by practical specialists and scientists to plan and investigate the effectiveness of preventive measures to improve the safety of cows and their reproductive capacity in the post-calving period

Evaluating the relationship between high-risk antepartum cervical cytology and postpartum colposcopy pathology (419)

<b>Objectives:</b> ASCCP guidelines recommend colposcopy during pregnancy and postpartum in patients with an immediate risk of CIN3+ greater than 4%. There is conflicting literature on progression versus regression of cervical dysplasia in pregnancy. We evaluated the relationship between high-risk screening in the first trimester and colposcopy pathology in the postpartum period. We also analyzed rates of postpartum colposcopy follow-up. <b>Methods:</b> A retrospective cohort study was conducted from January 2013 to September 2020. Inclusion criteria included pregnant patients >20 years old, high-risk cervical cytology (HSIL, ASC-H) or low-risk cervical cytology (ASCUS, LSIL) and high-risk HPV (16/18/45), PAP collected at <14 weeks gestation. Exclusion criteria were immunosuppression and invasive cervical cancer. Data collection included demographics, cervical cytology, HPV status, delivery mode, postpartum follow-up, colposcopy pathology (antepartum and <12 weeks postpartum). Descriptive statistics and Spearman's correlation were used for the statistical analysis. <b>Results:</b> Of 246 patient encounters, 91 (37%) had low-risk antepartum cervical cytology (ASCUS, LSIL), and 155 (63%) had high-risk cervical cytology (ASC-H, HSIL). About 214 (87%) patients had antepartum colposcopy, but only 80 (37.3%) patients had biopsies taken. Of these biopsies, nine (11.3%) had no CIN, 24 (30%) had CIN1, and 47 (58.8%) had CIN2/3 on pathology. After pregnancy, 188 patients (76%) had a postpartum visit, but only 99 (40%) had colposcopy within 12 weeks of delivery. Of the 89 patients with postpartum biopsies, 23 (26%) had no CIN, 27 (30%) had CIN1, and 39 (44%) had CIN2/3 (Table 4.3). Spearman's correlation did not show an association between antepartum cervical cytology and postpartum pathology (p=0.125, p=0.243). <b>Conclusions:</b> There was no significant correlation between antepartum cervical cytology and postpartum pathology. We did identify an "at-risk" group (<i>n</i>=8) with low-risk antepartum cervical cytology that corresponded with high-risk postpartum pathology. The next steps include identifying risk factors associated with this "at-risk" group to target specific patients for closer surveillance. This study also showed a high rate of postpartum follow-up compared to the national average (76% vs 58%), yet only 40% of patients had colposcopy within 12 weeks of delivery. Future directions include identifying barriers to timely postpartum colposcopy to improve overall compliance with ASCCP guidelines.

The effectiveness of the use of Aminoseleferon-B with immunodeficiency in highly productive cows under conditions of technogenic environmental load

Highly productive animals, which are characterized by a more intense metabolism and regulation of the neurohumoral system, are more sensitive to a pool of adverse environmental conditions and can often be accompanied by metabolic disorders, a decrease in the immunobiological status of the macroorganism, reproductive function disorders and the development of pathological processes of various etiology and localization. The studies were carried out in the conditions of a large dairy complex in the Voronezh region located 25 km from a chemical plant for the production of mineral fertilizers: ammonia, ammonium nitrate, nitric acid. Its total emissions to the environment are 5316.5 tons per year, including 4480.3 tons of gases. Studies have been carried out to study the effectiveness of the use of Аminoseleferon-B to correct the immune status of highly productive cows in an immunodeficient state, under conditions of technogenic environmental stress. It was established that Аminoseleferon-B contributed to the activation of humoral and cellular links of nonspecific immunity, the reduction of birth and postpartum pathology, the increase in the effectiveness of treatment, and the improvement of reproductive function.

ASSESSMENT OF THE THERAPEU-TIC EFFICIENCY OF THE NEW PREPARATION «KALTSEMAGFOSVIT» IN PATHOLOGY OF THE POSTNATAL PERIOD IN COWS

The results of scientific and industrial experiments on the assessment of the new complex preparation’s thera-peutic effect based on bioelements «Calcemagfosvit» in postpartum pathology in cows are presented. It was discovered that the therapeutic efficacy of calcemagfosvit in postpartum paresis was 83,3 %, and in postpartum retention – 87,5–88,9 %.

Initial Evidence for Symptoms of Postpartum Parent-Infant Relationship Obsessive Compulsive Disorder (PI-ROCD) and Associated Risk for Perturbed Maternal Behavior and Infant Social Disengagement From Mother.

Infant socioemotional development and underlying brain maturation occur primarily within the context of early caregiver-infant relationships. Perinatal research demonstrates detrimental impact of postpartum pathology, including postnatal onset of maternal OCD—on the mother-infant relationship. The present study is the first to examine postnatal onset of a particular dimension of OCD symptoms focusing on close interpersonal relationships (relationship-OCD, i.e., ROCD) within a general population sample. Specifically, we assessed whether symptoms of Parent-Child ROCD (PC-ROCD), may onset postnatally, thus yielding symptoms of Parent-Infant ROCD (PI-ROCD). We adapted the previously validated Parent-Child ROCD measure for use during infancy to assess symptoms of PI-ROCD. The adapted measure, Parent-Infant Relationship Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms Inventory (PI-PROCSI), was administered to 143 mothers from the general population at 4-months postpartum. We investigated concurrent associations between postnatal onset of PI-ROCD, maternal depression and bonding, as well as longitudinal predictive associations with observed maternal and infant behaviors in dyadic interactions at 10 months. Due to dropout across the 1st year postpartum, the subsample with longitudinal data was substantially reduced compared to the full sample. PI-PROCSI scores explained unique variance in concurrent maternal depression over and above concurrent anxiety. PI-PROCSI scores also associated with concurrent impairments of maternal bonding. Moreover, unique associations emerged between maternal PI-ROCD scores and perturbations in both maternal and infant observable behaviors at 10-months. Specifically, observable perturbations in maternal behaviors mediated associations between symptoms of PI-ROCD at 4-months and observable infant avoidance of social engagement behaviors at 10-months. Findings suggest that parent-child ROCD symptoms may onset during the postnatal period, and that such symptoms may play a significant role in shaping quality of reciprocal caregiver-infant interactions. Theoretical and clinical implications are discussed.

Prediction of birth and postpartum pathology in deep-calving heifers by biochemical parameters of blood

The success of the control of obstetric diseases in cattle depends on the timely implementation of preventive measures, and, in cases of pathology, on diagnosis, effective obstetric care and treatment. A prominent place is given to blood tests among the methods that allow to objectively assess the state of health and the course of the pathological process in animals' bodies. The study of biochemical parameters of blood allows for the assessment of the state of metabolic processes in animals, with high accuracy in establishing the body's general condition and predicting complications and adjusting their prevention and therapy. The goal of the work: our work aimed to study the biochemical parameters of the blood of deep-calving heifers for the prediction, correction, and prevention of obstetric pathology during childbirth and puerperium. The research was carried out on deep-calving heifers of Holstein breed selected on the principle of analogues. Biochemical examination of blood serum was performed in the district laboratory of veterinary medicine. Indicators of protein and mineral metabolism were determined in the blood serum of deep- calving heifers: total protein, carotene, reserve alkalinity, inorganic phosphorus, albumin content, class M immunoglobulins. The obtained research results indicate that the total protein content corresponds to the norm in deep-calving heifers of the Holstein black-spotted breed. The protein coefficient exceeds the standard. There are pronounced deviations in the blood's biochemical parameters: low levels of carotene almost two-fold, reserve alkalinity – 1.91-fold, the total calcium content – by 16.08 % and the ratio of calcium to phosphorus by 17.78 %. Since the decrease in carotene content correlates with the predisposition to endometritis, the Holstein black-spotted breed's deep-calving heifers are prone to developing birth and postpartum pathology. For pregnant cows which are predisposed to postpartum obstetric pathology, that occur in weak parturition activity, failure to release the placenta, uterus subinvolution, endometritis and postpartum hypocalcaemia, unfavorable prognostication is the low concentration in blood plasma of general calcium, inorganic phosphorus and carotene.

RELEASING HORMONE AND VITAMIN EFFICIENCY IN THE TREATMENT OF OBSTETRIC AND GYNECOLOGICAL PATHOLOGIES IN BREEDING SOWS

Reproduction is a crucial issue at the present stage in the pig husbandry development. Infertility of breeding sows leads to excessive use of feed, increased costs associated with failed inseminations, insufficient breed and early culling of sows. Aim of the research. Study of infertility types and prevention of postpartum diseases in sows in order to develop methods to control them. Methods. A two-stage experiment was carried out in 2019–2020 at the LLC "Ryasnyanske" farm in Sumy region, Ukraine. The first stage involved development of a method for prevention and control of infertility in sows. The second stage focused on the method of postpartum pathology prevention. Results. The conducted research established that surfagon and vitamins manifested the highest efficiency in case of alimentary infertility as they increased fertilization by 20.8 %. In terms of symptomatic infertility, the best results were achieved through a combined use of surfagon and gonadotropic hormone for both primary and multiple fertilization of sows, especially considering extremely low values ​​in the control group - 15 % and 6.5 % of piglets, respectively. Aminazine proved to be the most effective remedy for immune infertility, the obtained results were 17.2 % higher than in the control group. Surfagon at a dose of 5 ml together with estrofan twice a day fully prevented inflammatory postpartum pathologies in sows. Conclusions. Pathologies of the reproductive organs in sows are widespread at pork-producing farms. Individual use of surfagon was justified for treatment of alimentary, symptomatic and immune infertility of sows and prevention of postpartum pathologies. A combined use of tissue therapy and biologically active drugs proved to be the most effective. The treatment regimens described above reduce infertility and prevent postpartum pathologies in sows.

Effectiveness of using the drug “Bolus rozröd +” for prevention of obstetric polymorbid pathology of cows

To prevent postpartum pathologies in cows, the study used the drug “Bolus rozröd +” – boluses containing ionized iodine (1.0%), selenium (0.15%), cobalt (0.50%) and copper (13.4%) and their long-term digestibility (within 6-8 months). The choice of the drug “Bolus rozröd +” as a means of prevention of postpartum pathologies is due to the fact that it contains trace elements that are deficient in the diet of the dairy complex “Ekaterinoslavsky”, the lack of which is a leading link in the etiopathogenesis of postpartum pathologies. A significant advantage is that the drug is relatively inexpensive (~ 10 $), and its components have a long digestibility (within 6-8 months), which can significantly reduce the frequency of injections (single, repeated ─ if necessary), and hence the total cost for preventive measures, treatment of sick animals and reduction of their stress during active milking, which will also reduce financial losses from unproduced milk. The experimental group (25) was given the drug “Bolus rozröd +”, heated to a temperature of 15-200C, orally, using an applicator (bolus) at the rate of 1 bolus per animal. The effectiveness of the drug “Bolus rozröd +” was determined according to the dynamics of biochemical blood tests and clinical evaluation of the postpartum period in cows. It was established that the method of prevention of postpartum pathologies in cows using the drug “Bolus rozrod +” is therapeutically effective, because it improves the biochemical parameters of the blood of animals, in particular, and reduces the incidence of postpartum pathology in general. Thus, the drug reduced the clinical manifestations of the following diseases: ketosis-metritis, placental delay and ketosis, and the number of healthy animals was 20% higher than in the control group, which proves the positive effect of the drug “Bolus rozröd +”.

FEATURES OF DIAGNOSTICS AND TREATMENT OF UTERINE ABSCESS IN COWS

Uterine abscess in cows is nowadays insufficiently researched and enlightened problem of veterinary obstetrics and needs more detailed study in terms of diagnostics, causes, clinical manifestation and development of effective treatments.&#x0D; The purpose of the work was a comprehensive diagnosis, study of the etiology, clinical manifestation and effectiveness of treatment of uterine abscess in cows.&#x0D; Complex diagnostics included clinical and ultrasound examinations and microbiological studies. Clinical diagnosis was based on anamnesis, examination, palpation, evaluation of the nature of genital discharge. Ultrasound used a modern KX5200 Kaixin scanner for cattle. Microbiologically, the microflora of the contained abscess was investigated and, according to conventional methods, the sensitivity of the microorganisms to the preparations was determined.&#x0D; Some etiologic factors of cow uterine abscess are presented in the paper, including inappropriate obstetric intervention in obstetric care, infection in the birth canal after incorrect treatment, some consequences of various kinds of trauma in childbirth. The clinical picture and symptomatology of the disease are revealed. It is noted that the pathology is manifested by symptoms of endometritis, occurs with fever, frequent pulse and is characterized by a worsening of the general condition. Ultrasound is the most commonly diagnosed abscess localized at the point of transition of the cervix to the body. Rectal examination showed significant uterine enlargement and tenderness to the touch, especially at the site of abscess formation. According to the results of microbiological studies, the most effective in the spectrum of action was the drug for intrauterine administration of «Ceftiozol», based on ceftiofur hydrochloride, with the addition of lactic acid, diamond green, benzalkonium chloride and dimethyl sulfoxide, which is recommended as a treatment system for the first treatment. In addition, the treatment scheme used drugs «Enzaprost», «Uterodev» and «Retinol-250». The therapeutic efficacy of the proposed treatment protocol was proved with 83.3%, which was confirmed by the results of rectal and ultrasound examination of the uterus. Accordingly, after synchronization of sexual hunting, 10 cows were successfully inseminated, as evidenced by calving on the 30th day. The following examples of manifestations of uterine abscess in cows, clearly demonstrate the need for timely diagnosis and rational treatment of postpartum endometritis.&#x0D; In the future, it is planned to develop a comprehensive scheme for the prevention of postpartum pathology of cows with the use of aerosols «Yodozol» and «Tseftiozol», and to establish its therapeutic efficiency based on blood biochemical parameters.

Comparative characteristics of different methods of prevention and treatment of post-medical diseases in cows

The article presents data on the dynamics of postpartum pathology, which was most often recorded in the form of both their pathologists and as acute postpartum cervicitis . So in 2017, this pathology of the organs of the genital system was diagnosed in 7 animals, which made up 37% of the total number of calving cows, in 2018 a similar figure was 8 cases, which is 42.1%, and in 2019 observed an unprecedented decrease the number of cases of postpartum cervicitis is 7, which is 31.82% of the total number of cows.&#x0D; However, fluctuations in the number of families had pathological tendencies th to increase, but this increase was not statistically significant: in 2017 - 7 cases (35%), in 2018 - 8 (42.1%) in 2019 - 9 (39, 34%). For all reasons, pathologic births most frequently reported a delay: in 2017 - 3 (42.85%), in 2018 - 4 (50%), in 2019 - 3 (33.34%), on average over the three reporting years the figure was 41.67% of the total number of causes of pathological births.&#x0D; As can be seen from the data presented in table 6 in sick animals , on the third day from the beginning of treatment there is a probable increase in the level of total protein in the cows of the experimental group, compared with the indicator for treatment by 6.9% (p &lt;0.01), but its content still remains&#x0D; Lower relative to the level of clinically healthy cows by 5.8% (p &lt;0.01). In the control group, this indicator remained almost unchanged from the pre-treatment index, remaining lower by 12.4% (p &lt;0.001) relative to clinically healthy cows and by 7% (p &lt;0.05) compared to the experimental group.&#x0D; In particular, studies concentration of fibrinogen in the blood plasma of cows with different methods of treatment showed that at the third day of treatment fibrinogen level is reduced compared with the rate before treatment to 14.3% (p &lt;0.001) in the experimental group and incredibly on 5% in the control.

ЗАБОЛЕВАНИЯ МОЛОЧНОЙ ЖЕЛЕЗЫ И ПОЛОВЫХ ОРГАНОВ КОРОВ В ПОСЛЕРОДОВЫЙ ПЕРИОД

Mastitis-endometritis syndrome at the beginning of lactation in cows is one of the most economically significant diseases of dairy cattle, since the measures of treatment and prevention are financially costly and, very importantly, difficult to recover. In this regard, further study of the relationship of these diseases in the postpartum period is of great practical importance. In the course of work, the percentage of cows with placenta retention, endometritis and mastitis, separately, as well as jointly occurring in the postpartum period (the first month after calving) was determined. It was found that of 590 calving cows and heifers in the first month after calving revealed 322 or 54.5% of animals with postpartum pathology, including endometritis, detention of the afterbirth and mastitis. Among postpartum diseases of cows in the surveyed economy dominated by endometritis (43.2% of the number of calving cows) with various forms of inflammation of the endometrium. Detention of placenta and mastitis amounted to 20.0% and 17.8% of the number of calving animals or 2.2 and 2.4 times less compared to endometritis. The analysis of the results found that the number of postpartum diseases averaged 0.8 per calving cow or 1.5 per sick cow (P>0.999). A direct average relationship between the diseases of cows in the postpartum period of endometritis and mastitis was established, with a correlation coefficient (r) of 0.48; a direct strong relationship between endometritis and placenta retention was 0.83 at P>0.999.

The use of the drug «Aminoton», aimed at prevention of complications of postpartum sows

Application of tissue preparation «Aminoton» clinically healthy sows at the beginning puerperale period caused a pronounced preventive effect. So the above animals has improved the functioning of the hematopoietic system (increased compared to control group animals, the levels of hemoglobin and red blood cells), there was normalization of metabolic processes (increased compared to benchmarks, total protein, albumin). The use of the drug «Aminoton» clinically healthy animals in the postpartum period increased compared to control antibacterial, lysozyme and complementary activity of blood serum and enhanced the nonspecific immune defense of the body. The use of «Aminoton» sows with inflammatory complications in the puerperal period have greatly improved their clinical and physiological condition. In the same dysfunctional animals, which did not use the above-mentioned pharmacological agents in puerperale the period from the beginning of the inflammatory process dynamics of the main clinical and physiological, hematological, biochemical and humoral indicators over time, deteriorated. In a dysfunctional untreated pigs at 21 days after birth increased compared to sick animals treated by this drug «Aminoton» the number of leukocytes, increased content of total protein in serum C-reactive protein and seromucoid that had severe signs of inflammation in the body. Patients with untreated pigs 21 days after delivery significantly increased in serum compared with patients treated «Aminoton» animals, the activity of alanine aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase content of β-lipoproteins, sialic acids, decreased glucose levels, indicating the possibility of substance-induced load and liver damage, and increased activity of Aspartate aminotransferase be a sign of disorders of metabolic processes in heart muscle. The use of the drug «Aminoton» animals with inflammatory processes immediately after birth improved dynamics of indicators of nonspecific immunity. Sows in the treated with inflammation of the reproductive organs at 21 days after birth increased in comparison with patients with untreated animals bactericidal, lysozyme and complementary activity of blood serum. For early diagnosis and prognosis of inflammatory processes in the organs of the reproductive system of sows in postpartum period, we offer you to consider rates of precursors for a birth and according to the diagnosis of conduct for prevention of postpartum pathology in animals with the use of tissue preparation «Aminoton» in a dose of 0.05 ml per 1 kg of live weight in the first 2 hours after birth and 48 hours.

Imaging of Postpartum Uterine Pathology: A Review

A number of various imaging modalities are currently available for the assessment of the postpartum uterus and have a significant role to play in the evaluation of symptomatic puerperal women. Although magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography have become more readily obtainable in recent times, ultrasound scanning is often the imaging modality of choice for excluding retained placental tissue and other postpartum pathology. The correct application of postpartum imaging could enable more accurate identification of women requiring surgical intervention, with consequent reduction in patient morbidity, radiation exposure, clinical workload and cost. In this article the current understanding and application of imaging modalities during the puerperium, in particular ultrasound, is reviewed. Furthermore, the existing evidence investigating the physiological and pathological findings of the postpartum uterus and its contents is explored.

Sub-Sahara African Neonates – Ghosts to Statistics

Unlike in many parts of the developed world, the African neonate, in some cases, is disadvantaged right from inception. In many urban slums and in most rural parts of the continent, the mother is often malnourished even before getting pregnant. Once in antenatal period, the pregnancy takes its toll on the already malnourished mother to the extent that the fetus is left on its own to extract all the nutrients it needs to survive in the womb. Feto-maternal malnutrition is often overlooked as a risk factor for stillbirth, low birthweight babies and maternal morbidity and mortality. Maternal conditions are directly linked to neonatal circumstances. An embryo may face many genetic, hereditary, mechanical and/or biological complications such as albinism, Spina bifida, cleft lip/cleft palate, development in the fallopian tube, obstruction due to sub-mucosal fibroid or placenta previa, just to mention a few. While leg or shoulder presentation, cord strangulation or locked heads in twin pregnancy are delicate intra-partum conditions, asphyxia neonatorum is about the commonest immediate post-partum pathology that may lead to neonatal death. This paper briefly describes neonatal morbidity and mortality, their remote and proximal causes and the need for essential health care as a right of mother, a right of the neonate and a right of the growing child.