Postmodern Theory Research Articles

The Idea of Postmodern Feminism: An Attempt at Postmodern Feminism to Face a Dilemma

As the guiding idea of the third wave of feminist thought, postmodernism has offered a new mode of thinking for the development of feminism. This essay uses the idea of postmodern feminism as an introduction to the dilemma that postmodern feminism faces in not being able to provide practical help in the practical sense of the womens political movement. At the same time, an attempt is made to find a way out of the dilemma. The essay uses references and analysis of previous literature to conduct the research. It is concluded that one way in which postmodern feminism faces a dilemma is through the interpretation of postmodern feminist theory in different contexts. Postmodern feminism plays a varying role in different social contexts. In other words, postmodern feminism has a real role to play in achieving real equality between men and women when most women have already acquired equal political and social status with men.

주체의 자기변형 가능성을 묻다

This paper attempts to read J. M. Coetzee’s Life & Times of Michael K through Michel Foucault’s concept of ‘the care of the self’. To put it briefly, no subject is capable of truth only by the Socratic self-knowledge, expressed in the famous phrase ‘know yourself.’ In ancient Greek philosophy, the Socratic self-knowledge was just part of the theme of the self-care. According to Foucault, to be able to have access to the truth, a subject must be “changed, transformed, shifted, and become, to some extent and up to a certain point, other than himself”(Foucault 15). Foucault genealogically explores the reason why the notion of self-care has disappeared while self-knowledge has gained some privileged status in the Western philosophy. The care of the self enables us to see how “the cult of the Other”(Eagleton 21), permeating postmodern theories of the late 20th-century, is related to the phenomenon of the disappearing subject in modern discourses.
 Both Foucault’s concept and Coetzee’s Michael K pay attention to the significance of the subject’s becoming other than oneself. Michael K transforms himself in his struggles to survive, whereas the medical doctor, the narrator of the second part, is trapped in his exaggerated self-consciousness. Going through hunger and gardening, Michael becomes “a different kind of man” from a ordinary city dweller of Cape Town. This change becomes possible in the process of deconstructing his old subjectivity through silence, gardening, and idleness as practices of freedom. This paper focuses on how Michael transforms himself and what his self-transformation signifies in an ethical sense.

Building Mini Narratives of Tourism in Bali as Innovations on Post-Pandemic Era: A Postmodernism Paradigm

The pandemic negatively impacted all aspects of human life, including tourism, which was even the worst affected, especially in Bali. This causes the legitimacy of the grand narrative of tourism to be delegitimized. This study aims to propose a paralogical idea, i.e. to build a mini-narrative as an innovation to overcome the fading legitimacy of tourism due to the pandemic. The deconstructive qualitative method is applied with heuristic and hermeneutic reading methods. Data were taken from texts contained in print media and non-print media employing observation, recording, and documentation, then analysed according to the research design by applying the theory of postmodernism. The results of the analysis show that the four forms of mini-narrative which are representing the characteristic of postmodernism namely appreciating nature, rising marginal, lessening idolization, and developing consciousness can be adopted as the concept of innovation in overcoming the fading legitimacy of tourism in the post-pandemic era.

Technological Adaptation and Cultural Contradictions: An Analysis of the Socio-Cultural Roots of Teacher Anxiety in the Intelligent Era

In the era of intelligence, teachers are facing the challenges of new educational technologies, and technological anxiety has become an issue that cannot be ignored. Existing research often starts from the perspective of the technology acceptance model, neglecting the impact of diverse factors such as individual adaptation of teachers, socio-cultural environment, and cultural differences on technological anxiety. However, the emotional state of teachers will affect the effectiveness of their use of technological tools. This study attempts to apply theories of cross-cultural adaptation, postmodern social theory, Hofstede's cultural dimensions theory, social constructivism theory, and combine representative empirical research to deeply explore the socio-cultural factors and mechanisms behind the formation of teachers' technological anxiety, and propose suggestions from various social levels. From the perspective of socio-cultural contradictions, teachers' technological anxiety is mainly caused by differences in teachers' ability to adapt to technology, the impact of technology on educational practices, attitudes towards technology in different cultural backgrounds, and obstacles in the construction of technological cognition. To balance the contradiction between teachers' technological adaptation and socio-culture in the intelligent era, it is necessary to enhance the individual technological adaptability of teachers; construct a technology-friendly socio-cultural environment; pay attention to cultural differences, promote equal acceptance of technology; guide the social construction of positive technological cognition, and cultivate teachers' positive attitude and motivation for using technology.

Re-Search on the Hyphen: (Re)writing the Fragmented Self within Contexts of Displacement

In responding to the call for exploring and explicating aspects of the research process that remain unspoken about in most social science fields, this narrative asks deceptively simple questions: what does it mean to carry out research as an academic with a lived experience of displacement, loss and pain? What are the methodological choices available to me as a migrant scholar? What does it really mean to write (about) the displaced-turned-emplaced self from the margin—myself being a case in point—within contexts of loss and displacement? My aim is to present a personal narrative that is uniquely mine, a story that may work with or against what is thought to be the official story. I defend the use of fragments, theoretically and methodologically, to avoid the homogenisation of narratives and assumptions about how research is carried out, how knowledge(s) are produced and reproduced, and who has the power to produce them. Thus, building on established scholarship cutting across various fields and guided by postcolonial and postmodernist theories, I hope to unpack the tensions and possibilities inherent in thinking about borders and positionality in academia (when the researcher dwells at the margins), identity, its fragmentation, and its entanglement with questions of decoloniality, narrative and voice.

Analisis Pengaruh Filsafat Post Modern Terhadap Pendidikan

The purpose of this research is to determine and analyze the influence of Post Modern philosophy on education. This research method uses literature review by examining various relevant literature sources. The development of science cannot be separated from the development of philosophy. Philosophy as the mother of science has given birth to various fields of scientific discipline. The development of philosophy started from classical philosophy to post-modern philosophy which was very sharp in criticizing previous phases of philosophy. The development of post-modern philosophy has penetrated and influenced the development of various areas of life, including education. Post-modern philosophy provides color to education through various elements, from the curriculum to learning methods and strategies.

CONSUMER SOCIETY IN UMAR KAYAM’S JALAN MENIKUNG A STUDY OF JEAN BAUDRILLARD’S POSTMODERNISM

Abstract: The research aims to reveal the consumer society in Jalan Menikung, a novel written by Umar Kayam. The theoretical framework used is the postmodern theory of Jean Baudrillard. Baudrillard reveals the characteristics change of culture in contemporary society and introduces the characteristics of Western society as a simulation society. The method used in this study is qualitative. The material was obtained from literature and analyzed using the conception of Baudrillard. The important concept used is the change in value, simulation, simulacra, hyperreality, and consumer society. The results of the study show that in the novel Jalan Menikung, there is a change in value that occurs in the form of consumerism. This consumerism is in the form of consuming clothes, consuming food, or drinks, consuming certain buildings, consuming certain luxury goods, consuming in orgies, consuming in the use of power, and consuming in high-class associations. Simulation processes of consumption in Jalan Menikung happen on the development of technology, especially information technology and language signs. In Jalan Menikung Umar Kayam describes the consumer society as a complicated culture intertwined.

A Deconstructionist Interpretation of J. M. Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians

Deconstruction is a postmodern theory that was propounded by, Jacques Derrida, a French philosopher to fathom the connection between text and its meaning. It is a form of literary and philosophical analysis derived from his work which began in the 1960s. In this work, he questions Western philosophy through a close examination of the language of literary and philosophical texts and their logic. Although it was applied by many critics in the 1970s, he is considered the pioneer of this approach. This paper analyzes J.M.Coetzee's Waiting for the Barbarians as a postmodern, deconstructionist text or novel. By choosing this text, the paper attempts to prove that Coetzee is a postmodern novelist who followed Derrida's thoughts in deconstructing his text. It tries to answer the questions: firstly; how Coetzee depends on some sources written before not by rewriting them from the beginning till the end as other writers do, but by adapting a single event, a title, or a verb? By demonstrating and answering this question, the paper will prove that deconstruction does not only occur by rebuilding a previous text but also occurring within the text itself. Secondly; how he employs the techniques of deconstruction to prove an essential notion of deconstruction that each text fills with ambiguous ideas. Thirdly; how those ideas are interpreted according to the readers' points of view? The paper has five parts. It begins with an introduction. The second part discusses the Methodology. The third gives background of the novel and the novelist. The fourth analyzes and examines the novel as a deconstruction text and conclusion sums up the findings.

현대 사유에 감추어진 평생교육의 의미 탐색

Lifelong education, a relatively new area of discourse and practice, has been influenced by the extensive history and experience of traditional school education. However, lifelong education has recently developed its own distinct language and practices, distinguishing itself from traditional school education. This study focuses on the paradigm issue of socialization in lifelong education and contributes to its redefinition through a de-socialization perspective. The researcher completed three specific tasks to achieve this objective. First, the consequences of education-related ideas of postmodern philosophers, such as G. Deleuze and J. Ranciere, on the meaning of lifelong education were examined. Based on this analysis, the researcher insists on the need to distinguish between education and socialization, examine the relationship between education and learning, and critically examine the role of teachers. These tasks are necessary in order to redefine the meaning of lifelong education. In this study, the researcher proposes departing from discourses and practices that infantilize adult learners, and, instead, advocates for redefining lifelong education with a focus on cultivating adult learners' self-identification, such as saying, “I am a painter!” through the development of sensitivity, rather than aiming solely for their mastery of creating masterpieces.

Post-Institutionalism. The Criticism of Philosophical and Methodological Foundations of “Alternative” Studies of Institutions

The paper examines the phenomenon of "post-institutionalism" in relation to the philosophical and methodological issues surrounding the foundations of scientific research. While its proponents highlight several genuine problems in classical institutionalism that pertain to the complexities of modern institutions, the author has reservations regarding whether this metatheory can truly deliver on its promised breakthrough in research methodology. Understanding the complexity of an object requires abstracting its features and aspects, as well as employing antithesis as an artificial but reflective tool. However, the adoption of an "unsealed" approach makes it difficult to apply general logical and concrete scientific methods. The refusal to establish cause-and-effect relationships and laws, along with the substitution of concepts with metaphors, may result in a displacement of genuine research by purely descriptive activities and rhetoric. Studies that employ this particular conceptual framework (assemblage, bricolage, kluge) often fall short of advancing beyond interpretation or formulating testable theoretical propositions. Despite the increasing use of this vocabulary, doubts persist regarding the quantity and quality of studies based on real empirical evidence and the construction of successful predictive models. The author contends that the underlying reason for this lack of progress can be attributed to the influence of postmodern philosophy, which rejects classical scientific approaches in general, including the principles of classical institutionalism (such as rationality, optimality, efficiency of institutions, and their functional analysis).

Philosophy of Postmodernism as a Marker of Modern Linguistic Methodology of Research on Interlinguistic Communication

The paper highlights the problems of the methodology of linguistics in the light of modern cultural transformations. The research object is the methodology of linguistic studies in the paradigm of postmodernism. The purpose is to substantiate the need for parity between rational and irrational approaches in the methodology of linguistic research. A point of the problem is the state inconsistency of the linguistic methodology with modern requests of global communication. In the process of research, a brief analysis of postmodernism in its relationship with linguistics is given; the causes of methodological disagreements of linguistic practices are determined; the parity of rationalism and irrationalism in the interpretation of the text is declared; a philosophical substantiation of the position on the correspondence of the narrative form of linguistic methodology to the humanistic potential of postmodernism is given. The conclusion is that the requirements of the philosophy of postmodernism should become an immanent part of research in linguistic methodology. The significance is improving the efficiency of the practical implementation of linguistic research.

Human security: non-classical reflection of threats in modern and post-modern philosophy

The origins of postmodern reflection on threats to human security are analyzed. It isjustified that the emergence of irrationalistic philosophical currents, existentialism and especiallypsychoanalysis, is a reaction to the situation that is happening, correcting the concept of securitybeyond the rational.It is shown that the understanding of security in non-classical philosophy goesbeyond the usual understanding of the problem of eliminating threats.

Sexuality and Mental Health of Pakistani-Descent Adolescent Girls living in Canada: Perceptions and Recommendations

In Canada, the demands of female immigrant adolescents in terms of sexual health are largely unmet and have grown significantly in recent years. According to studies, racialized immigrant adolescents are less likely than non-immigrant adolescents to be knowledgeable about sexual and reproductive health and to use resources for sex education and related services. This difference seems to be related to socio-cultural and religious practices in Pakistani immigrant adolescents. This paper intends to explain the viewpoints of female adolescents of first- or second-generation Pakistani descent who reside in Canada with regard to their development of sexuality and psychological well-being. Moreover, this paper also describes how female adolescents perceive the necessity to support their sexuality as they go through the adolescent stage. Individual interviews and timelines were created using qualitative interpretative descriptive design. We included 21 female adolescents of first- or second-generation Pakistani ethnicity using a purposive sample. Data analysis was performed using a thematic analysis. The findings indicate that immigrant adolescent girls received conflicting messages about sexuality from their parents which impacted their psychological well-being. Additionally, survey participants noted that prejudice, exclusion from sex education classes, and a lack of sexual health information contributed to social isolation, health care avoidance, and poor mental health outcomes like melancholy and anxiety among adolescent girls. The absence of sexuality-related communication with parents and the scarcity of medical professionals who can relate to and address the needs and realities of immigrants may have an impact on the participants’ experiences. Female immigrant girls also spoke up on the need for open, honest, and stigma-free conversations as well as for the need to end the taboo around the subject of sexuality. This study used principles from both intersectionality and postmodern feminist theories to increase our understanding of the interplay between the experiences of developing sexuality and overall well-being in female immigrant adolescents of Pakistani descent. It is crucial to involve, listen to, and incorporate female adolescents’ voices when planning and implementing interventions to support healthy sexuality among immigrant adolescents.

Making Sense of Diseases and Disasters: Reflections of Political Theory from Antiquity to the Age of COVID

Making Sense of Diseases and Disasters: Reflections of Political Theory from Antiquity to the Age of COVID

Philosophy Of Justice In Post-Modern Labor Law: What And How?

The main objective of this research is to examine the concept of justice in labor law which has developed in the context of the post-modern era as marked by rapid social and technological changes and a more inclusive view of justice. By using normative research, researchers will conduct an in-depth analysis of relevant literature on the philosophy of justice, labor law, and postmodernism as part of primary and secondary legal materials. The data collection process will involve a thorough literature review, analysis of legal texts, and examination of related documents and articles from reliable sources. The differentiation of this study from other studies is its comprehensive analytical approach to understanding justice in labor law and its focus on changes and adaptations that occur in the post-modern era. these findings will explain the concept of justice in the workplace that has adapted to the challenges of the times. In addition, this study aims to identify obstacles and opportunities in building a fair, diverse and efficient employment system for all stakeholders. By paying attention to social dynamics, technology, and postmodern values, researchers hope that labor law can be more responsive and flexible in maintaining a sense of justice and the balance of power between employers and workers.

A Postmodern (Singularity) Future with a Post-Human Godless Algorithm: Trans-Humanism, Artificial Intelligence, and Dataism

The objective of this manuscript is to reveal that the challenge in understanding the ethical consequences of a post-human condition characterizing trans-humanist ontology is linked to postmodern epistemology lacking any metaphysical and theological essence. The introductory section provides an overview of trans-humanist thought and the concerns deliberated against it at the recent conference titled A.I Ethics: An Abrahamic Commitment to the Rome Call, charting a path ensuring that technological innovations do not undermine the ethical, spiritual, and moral values animating the telos of the human being. The second section traces the philosophical genealogy of trans-humanism from the Age of Reason (i.e., modern epistemology) to our current Age of Feeling (i.e., postmodern epistemology). This section also stresses that the ontology accenting both periods—the death of God and the death of human—is latent in trans-humanist ideology, which seeks to extinguish the quest of knowing God with an ateleological state that crucifies the human in pursuit of worshipping technology. The third section scrutinizes the conceptual framework of trans-humanism by deconstructing concepts structuring its worldview such as Singularity, Artificial Super Intelligence, and the pseudo-religion known as Dataism. Additionally, this section examines how trans-humanist proponents—while adhering to postmodern philosophy—alter the definitions of sacred concepts that exclusively animate a human state of being, such as consciousness, intelligence, and awareness, by anthropomorphizing AI. The final section recalls the wisdom of the Nicomachean Ethics and the Alchemy of Happiness, composed—respectively—by Aristotle and Al-Ghazali. It highlights the immoral significances of choosing to ignore the implications of Dataism and its techno-scientific objectives, which obscure the use of techne in a virtuous manner attaining eudaimonia and the essence of humanness seeking a path—using God-given sensoria—knowledge of Divine Beauty.

Reconfiguring Gothic-Postmodernism: A Reading of Namina Forna’s (2021) The Gilded Ones

This paper explores Namina Forna’s (2021) debut novel, The Gilded Ones, as manifesting postmodern aspects which allow the text to comment on twenty-first-century life. Forna employs certain parameters of postmodernism that elucidate the postmodern lifestyle. Anchored on the bedrock of postmodernism, this paper dissects the selected text in order to reveal an artistic trajectory that captures the pulse and the tempor contemporaneous with postmodern life. Postmodernism has brought a revolution in the way a text is appreciated since it rejects the limiting boundaries of art and allows plurality of interpretations. Locating Forna’s text, The Gilded Ones within postmodernism theory, this paper employed a library-based close reading to explore the rejuvenation of horrors and fears encapsulated in the twenty first century. It engaged an interpretivist research design that allowed data to be chiselled out of primary text and coded for interpretation. Judgmental sampling was done to arrive at Forna’s The Gilded Ones since the text is replete with postmodernist aspects. The study is instrumental in addressing the fluidity of identity from a numinous paradigm allowing the physical or reality and phantasmagoria to conflate. The paper avers that Forna in her selected text, encapsulates the mechanics and aspects of Gothic-postmodernism which captures succinctly issues contemporaneous with the postmodern society. Gothic aesthetics have been used to dignify and elevate the history of a community. It is hoped that the study makes significant contribution on the dialectics surrounding identity as it voices postmodern fears. The study is instrumental in rooting for the recognition of Africa’s postmodern genre

Preaching to Awaken the Woke

A confrontation is occurring within conservative congregations between conventional evangelical and ‘woke’ mindsets that directly affects the authority of the preacher. Two scenarios are presented from recent preacher experiences from within churches that ostensibly hold a conservative evangelical theological position. The particulars of this new Western cultural phenomenon are outlined using two postmodern philosophers to assist in making sense of these scenarios. Psychodynamic analysis shows that a knee-jerk response to ‘woke’ triggering distorts Christian community at deep levels. A similar cultural shift can be traced from the New Homiletic to the present via homileticians who suggest that preaching must accommodate itself to this culture’s justice claims to avoid confrontation. This results in a significant truncation of the scope of preaching authority. Two alternative strategic responses provide space for authoritative preaching: one revisits the theological template upon which catechesis is offered to new believers, replacing the ‘woke’ view of history with a more biblical eschatology. The other strategic response is to empower the whole congregation with alternative political processes derived from Matthew 18. This provides space for the illuminating work of the Spirit to again use preaching to transform the hearts and minds of believers regardless of their mindsets.

Of Maternal Uncles and Mangalik Brides: Sakuni in the Folk Narrations of The Mahabharata

The timelessness of The Mahabharata lies in its ability to re-invent itself, thereby giving the society a chance to re-negotiate, revise, and revive the discourse. It also gives the so-called ‘villains of the piece’, well established in the ‘rogues’ gallery’, a chance to redeem themselves. One such character is Sakuni, the ‘shrewd’ maternal uncle of the Kauravas, whose negative image in Vyasa’s textual universe is questioned by the folk renditions of the grand epic. The Oriya Mahabharata by Sarala Das views Sakuni not as the master conspirator who brought about the great war, but as a victim who suffered because of the court politics of the Kauravas. The strong popular culture that supports him is also evident in the narratives of the Kalbelias of Rajasthan, and in the folk renderings of the epic in Kerala. This makes us reflect as to why the meta-narrative has vilified Sakuni and treated him with contempt when the folk traditions view him in a more charitable light, or at least give him the benefit of doubt. This paper utilizes narrative research methods to understand the dehumanization of Sakuni in the dominant discourse. It employs the postmodern theories of psychoanalytical criticism and deconstruction in the study of the petite narratives associated with Sakuni to facilitate engagement, plurality, and divergence in the discourse. The paper attempts to read the chronicles of self, society, and social justice in these lesser-known narratives to liberate Sakuni from his filial debt and relocate him into the discursive universe.

Evolution of death and immortality ideas from russian cosmism to synergy

In this paper, death and immortality ideas of Russian cosmists are in syncretic way put together with key ideas in postmodern philosophy. The problem considered in world philosophy on creating co-evolutionary conditions for the emergence of «immortal» man is illustrated by a wide variety of ideas and concepts. This paper contains innovative ideas of the Russian cosmists as the starting point of the research. Special attention is paid to the extraordinary teachings of N. F. Fedorov, who is the founder of Russian Cosmic philosophy. Using the system-diachronic method and technologies of ascending from the abstract to the concrete, the author compares the ideas of Russian cosmism with manifest concepts of modern philosophy (synergetics, phenomenology, transhumanism). The author also gives the most striking facts of discoveries of modern natural science and draws conclusions about ideas of Russian cosmists that have been put forward ahead of their time and retained their relevance and ontological potential until now. The paper presents the prospects for further studying the heritage of Russian cosmism to search for philosophical tools that could, without going beyond the limits of ethical universals, successfully combine the controversial theoretical directions of modern philosophy for the future positive practical development of society.