Post-perestroika Period Research Articles

Modern approaches to the study of collectivization in the context of modernization theories

Importance. The key issue in Russia’s history has always been the agrarian question, which took the form of the collectivization of peasant agriculture in the 1930s. Late in the 20th and the first quarter of the 21st centuries, when a lot of new archive sources were involved in open circulation, the issue of transforming agrarian relations became the core of public and scholarly discourse. The purpose of the study is to analyse and systematise modern research approaches to the study of the collectivization process in the Soviet Union in the late 1920s–1930s in the context of modernization processes.Materials and Methods. An interdisciplinary methodological approach is used in the research: the works of historians, sociologists, and cultural scientists on the problems of collectivization and modernization are analyzed. Methods of comparative and structural analysis are used in the study of historiography.Results and Discussion. The publications of historians from the late 1980s to the 2020s devoted to “the great break” in the life of the Russian village are studied. Based on a comprehensive approach to the problem of collectivization, the versatility and interrelationships of various scientific views are highlighted; the research demonstrates that collectivization is not merely a local historical phenomenon but is a part of a broader, global process of modernization of Russia.Conclusion. The agrarian issue of Russian history and historiography is a multifaceted topic essential for understanding the economic, social, and cultural processes of Russia. In the postPerestroika period, “the great break” has been re-evaluated. At first, it was heavily criticised, but later the objective reasons for the creation of the collective farm system were recognised. In modern historiography, collectivization is considered in the context of modernization of Russia, emphasizing the continuity of the pre-revolutionary and post-revolutionary periods.

Methodology Matters: Emplotting Interpretivism in Contemporary Political Science and International Studies

Abstract The visibility and adoption of interpretive research approaches in the post-Perestroika period have increased in the United States, yet common knowledge within political science (PS) and international studies (IS) departments still signals their marginality. This paper stems from the observation that interpretive scholars often share autobiographical narratives or “journey stories” describing how they came to embrace interpretive research despite socio-institutional obstacles. Based on semi-structured interviews and participant observation, it asks: What do the journey stories of both new and established scholars engaged in interpretivism reveal about the sociology of PS and IS academies? Our findings reveal a widespread perception that interpretivism is gaining a foothold in the United States while intimating the spread of neopositivist hegemony, to some degree, to academies abroad. We show how scholars make use of the label “interpretivism” and identify key diffusion pathways responsible for interpretivism’s wider recognition today. In addition, we find that despite shared assumptions of neopositivist hegemony, our interlocutors pursue interpretive research because it provides them with epistemological and experiential congruence. Their journey stories, we argue, point toward an evolving methodological landscape in PS and IS, which in turn shapes what forms of knowledge production are considered legitimate and valuable.

Проблема деидеологизации: социально-ценностные аспекты (на примере современной молодежной среды)

Introduction. The article analyzes the social and value aspects of the problem of deideologization (using the example of the modern youth environment). The reasons, essence and social consequences of the rejection of the state ideology (national idea) are considered. The work of deep social mechanisms, such as social self-awareness and social self-reflection, is investigated. Theoretical analysis. The complexity of the issue under consideration is revealed, the functions of the state ideology and the reasons for abandoning it in the post-Soviet space are clarified, the goals and objectives of the work are specified. The interrelation of deideologization with the disappearance of constructive moral and value orientations and the formation of a number of negative social trends is investigated. Empirical analysis. The empirical base, methods and methodology of the research are clarified. A direct correlation of deideologization with the variety of manifestations of social infantilism and the growing popularity of a number of antisocial movements and moods is revealed. Conclusion. It is shown that in the conditions of the course taken in the post-perestroika period towards the de-ideologization of the country, modern youth have modified moral and value ideals that are detrimental to both personal growth and the development of society as a whole. Conclusions are formulated according to which volunteer and other positive social activity are one of the most effective ways to overcome the negative consequences of deideologization.

Проблемы формирования налоговой культуры в России

This article addresses the issues surrounding the formation of the domestic tax culture in Russia. These issues are largely attributed to the state of “cultural tax shock” experienced by the Russian population in the post-perestroika period. However, even in Soviet times and earlier, a characteristic feature of Russian mentality known as “tax nihilism” was observed. The current state of tax culture can be characterized in two aspects: by examining the level of tax literacy among the population and taxpayers’ trust in tax authorities. Particular attention should be paid to youth in the formation of tax culture due to their detachment from the consequences of the societal transformation processes at the end of the last century. The article analyzes ways to increase the level of tax literacy among Russian schoolchildren. However, the problem of tax literacy among Russian students persists, coupled with the increasing prevalence of secondary employment among them. Measures to enhance public trust in tax authorities are also considered. The article emphasizes the role of developing the theoretical basis of tax culture, which requires attention not only to developments in traditional fields of law and economics but also in social research on fiscal sociology and the philosophy of taxation. In conclusion, the formation of tax culture in Russia faces multifaceted challenges stemming from historical legacies, societal perceptions, and educational gaps. By addressing these issues holistically, Russia can progress towards cultivating a more informed and cooperative tax culture among its populace.

Russian Diasporas of the Near Abroad in the Post-Perestroika Period: Phantom or Reality?

Following the collapse of the USSR, a significant number of Soviet citizens not belonging to the titular nations of these countries found themselves in the territories of the newly formed states. This article aims to establish the extent to which the concept of “diaspora” is applicable to the Russian communities that lived in these territories during this period. The migration processes of today contribute to the replenishment of countries bordering on the Russian Federation with people of a different formation, at the same time helping the Russian abroad survive as a phenomenon, which makes the topic relevant. The work draws on legislative acts and other official documents of the state authorities, also referring to published interviews with Russian-speaking residents of these regions (both those living there and those who have returned to Russia). To date, the issue of the concept of “diaspora” is debatable. Without polemizing on this issue, the author bases the study not on the concept itself, but on its characteristics and key features shared by most scholars. The author gives a brief overview of the attitude of the Russian state to this category of population and to the problem of diasporas itself. Showing their transformation in the 1990s, the author concludes that it is inappropriate to apply this notion to the Russians of the near abroad in the above-mentioned period. Instead, the concept of “Russian-speaking communities” seems more appropriate, which does not deny the possibility of further transformation of the community into a diaspora.

Профессиональная подготовка в современном образовании взрослых

Introduction. Under the conditions of dehumanization of the social sphere, collapse of intergenerational links, loss of culturally appropriate meanings of self-realisation in professional activity, the content of the concept «professional training» requires rethinking. The correlation between its teaching and educating components is to be realized. Following the logic of passport specialty 5.8.7 «Methodology and Technology of Professional Education», it is necessary to make an «anthropological turn» in professional training, the conceptual description of which today is reduced to the extremely practice-oriented process of
 equipping a student with knowledge, skills and abilities necessary for a particular work activity. A humanistic-anthropological methodology is proposed by the author of this article as the basis for this process.
 Research methods: analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature, conceptual analysis, historical and pedagogical analysis, hermeneutic procedure.
 Research results. The historical and pedagogical analysis made it possible to identify the value constant of the national culture of understanding of labor and professional activity. It consists in the adult taking personal and professional position based on the awareness of the inseparability of personal and social significance of his own work. This tradition was interrupted in the post-perestroika period, when the utilitarian and material approach to the choice and implementation of professional activity prevailed.
 This was particularly detrimental to the professions dedicated to serving the community (teachers, doctors, the military, including the police). The humanitarian-anthropological approach allows designing the professional training as a support of human potential of a student by creating conditions for the development of his subjectivity in the educational environment of the eventful professional community through reflective practices. The methodological logic of designing a particular subject-specific professional training programme on the basis of the structure of interactive training cycle proposed by M.V. Clarin is described.

Академическая система России в контексте международной традиции: генеалогия российских университетов

The academic system of Russia is characterized by a certain specificity that determined its development for many years, up to the present time. It is a binary structure of scientific knowledge production, which includes the Academy of Sciences and universities, the relatively late formation of academic institutions, which began to open only in the 18th century, and state character of their governance. The article is devoted to the history of Russian universities and is devoted to the study of the construction of their historical identity in different epochs, which was expressed in emphasizing the connection, or its fundamental absence, with the previous educational tradition by correcting the date of foundation of the educational institution and replacing it with an earlier one. One of the first was Moscow Pedagogical Institute, which changed its founding date from 1930 to 1872. In the perestroika and post-perestroika period, the idea of continuity and the appeal to prerevolutionary history was actualized, which was expressed in the archaization of the university "chronology". Researchers began to identify St. Petersburg University with the Academic University, and to consider the date of its foundation not 1819, but 1724, which made St. Petersburg University, "the first Russian university", in spite till the end of the 20th century that status belonged to Moscow University established in 1755. The new principle of dating, caused a certain conflict between the capital's universities, each of which considers itself "the first", as can be seen on the official websites of St. Petersburg State University and Moscow State University. Soviet innovations in the field of pedagogical education were also revised during the perestroika years. For many years, the founding date of the Russian State Pedagogical University was considered to be 1918, when the 3rd Petrograd Pedagogical Institute was established on the initiative of A.V. Lunacharsky and M. Gorky. In the postperestroika period, the date of foundation was changed to 1797, the time when the Maria Feodorovna, the wife of the reigning monarch Paul I became the patron of St. Pe-tersburg Educational Home. The new dating not only to lengthen the history of the university and abandon the "Soviet" character of its origin, but also to include the activities of many pedagogical institutes of the 18th and 19th centuries in the history of Herzen State Pedagogical University. The conventional nature of the criteria that may be used to fix the date of a university's origin has repeatedly led to discord in the dating of the founding of the world's oldest universities – Bologna, Paris, Oxford, but this discussion usually did not go beyond scientific discussions. In Russia, the predominantly state character of higher education could influence the universities’ relations with the in the contexts of historical events, which could bring not only status dividends, but also certain material benefits.

Коммуникативные и социолингвистические аспекты изучения названий российских коттеджных посёлков

The article discusses the dynamics of the existence and development of linguistic phenomena in modern Russia on the example of the toponymy of Russian cottage settlements, which have not been the subject of linguistic analysis so far. A new term is introduced to define this variety of toponyms (cotonyms). Based on the analysis of a large illustrative material, a classification of cotonyms influenced by Western languages (mainly English) is proposed. The prevalence and non-randomness of this phenomenon is emphasized. The relationship between cotonyms and the formation of the modern linguistic landscape, of which, according to the authors, they are a part, is established. It is argued that cotonyms can become visual material for the sociolinguistic characteristics of modern Russian society. The problem is being investigated, whether it is possible to consider the trend towards the presence of anglicisms in the names of Russian cottage settlements as a nationwide phenomenon. On the basis of analytical and statistical methods of research, it is argued that the use of foreign names for dacha (cottage) settlements has a non-ethnic (all-Russian) character. and a narrower sociolinguistic one, characteristic only of a part of the privileged (wealthy) strata of Russian society, Eurocentric in their mentality. A possible approach to cotonyms is proposed, on the one hand, as a logoepistemic unit that belongs to both culture and language, and on the other hand, as a “text”. A historical digression into the origin of some Russian toponips is given. Cotonyms of the post-perestroika period and dachonyms (the names of the dachas are the authors) of the Soviet period, which carry an ideological load, are compared. The issues of toponymic policy are touched upon. It is concluded that cotonyms are an important linguistic and cultural phenomenon of great communicative significance.

Development of forms of agricultural land use in Russia in the post-perestroika period

The article discusses the formation and development of forms of agricultural land use after the introduction of private ownership of land. The impact of the reform of the agro-industrial complex on the types of use and organization of the use of agricultural land in the Russian Federation is assessed. The reasons preventing the effective use of lands of this category are investigated. Negative factors contributing to the emergence of unemployment in rural areas, the outflow of the working population to cities and the depopulation of rural areas have been identified. The reasons for the implementation of agricultural activities of a focal nature are indicated. The ways of solving problems within the framework of an integrated scientific and industrial approach of targeted value are proposed.

Проблема станковизма в русских лаковых промыслах советского периода

The article considers the problem of easelism, one of the key ones for the Soviet art studies of Russian lacquer crafts of the 20th century. The debate about the possibilities of developing the art of Palekh, Mstiora, Kholui, and Fedoskino along the path of imitating the easel picture, which started in the early 1930s as a response to the already established practice of miniature painters, turned out to be extremely long and fierce, surviving to the very end of the Soviet period. The article gives the arguments of the Soviet art historians “for” and “against” easelism in Russian lacquer miniature, analyzes the attitude of the miniature painters themselves to such a manual, and considers their works made in a similar “easel” style. In conclusion, the article discusses the practical outcome of the development of Russian lacquered miniature, which manifested itself as a response to such discussions during Soviet and Post-perestroika periods. The author concludes that the trends of easelism in Russian lacquer crafts, being an objective result of the relationship between miniature artists and “urban” culture, despite the declarative rejection proclaimed in the 1950s, persist until the end of the Soviet period, having a heyday already in the modern post-perestroika period.

«Гедда Габлер» на российской сцене: жизнь во времени

The subject of the study is the perception and interpretation of the play Hedda Gabler, by the Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen, which has been staged in theatres of Moscow and St. Petersburg over the century. The study is based on critical reviews published in Moscow’s press over the last century up to our time, as well as the author’s own impressions from some performances of the early 21st century. Despite the fact that Hedda Gabler was staged in Russian theatres more often than any other Ibsen play, it has continuously resulted in disputes and contradictory reviews, which often reflect both misunderstanding of the play itself and also of various director’s interpretations of it. In the pre-revolutionary period, on the one hand, there were realistic productions staged, while others were made in the Art Nouveau style of Vsevolod Meyerhold. According to critics, both ways to interpret the play strayed far from the plot in Ibsen’s play. In Soviet times, Kama Ginkas interpreted the play as a psychological drama. In the post-perestroika period, Nina Chusova and Mindaugas Karbauskis offered simplified and even vulgarized versions of the play. In the author’s opinion, the performance which came closest to Ibsen’s idea and style for the play was created by V. Pazi in Saint Petersburg State Academic Lensoviet Theatre. The reason for such difficulties in productions on the Russian stage is in the very nature of the drama, which ends with the protagonist’s suicide. Such a finale is not logically motivated or conditioned by a total inevitability, it is also not prepared for by the chain of events taking place on stage. With such a finale, Ibsen altered the traditional structure and content of tragedy in its classical sense.

Роль историко-культурного потенциала сельских поселений городского типа в реализации стратегии геокультурного брендинга

The article is devoted to the study of the rich historical and cultural heritage of large rural settlements of the Perm Territory, which had the status of urban-type settlements in the Soviet era. These settlements include Bolshaya Sosnova starting its history in the 16th century. In the 20th century, its population took an active part in mobilization campaigns to fight for literacy, create collective farms and state farms, take up residential construction jobs, and increase labor productivity in the agricultural sector. Bolshaya Sosnova had a developed agricultural sector, which made it possible to provide a decent standard of living in the countryside for local residents. A demographic shift occurred in the second half of the 20th century, due to which the settlement transformed into an agrarian-industrial settlement. However, in recent times, Bolshaya Sosnova and its local communities have faced serious challenges of the postperestroika period. Currently, the settlement is in a difficult socio-economic condition. The issues of preserving the historical heritage, creative practices of socio-cultural activities, the development of tourism and the hospitality industry are coming to the fore. The relevance of the topic is due to its scientific and social significance. The hypothesis is that the problems of territories can be solved by non-traditional applied methods and means, which should be based on a solid scientific background. The article reveals the main postulates of the concept of geocultural branding of cities and territories formulated by D.N. Zamyatin, which seems logical to be applied in practice. The aim of the study is to develop a geocultural branding strategy for Bolshaya Sosnova based on the unique historical and cultural potential of this area, aimed at its sustainable development. The use of the geocultural approach made it possible to identify and describe the historical and cultural resources that formed the conceptual core of the Svetlaya Sosnova geobrand. To achieve the aim, methods of historical science were used such as historical-comparative, historical-genetic, content analysis of historical documents, and phenomenological ones. The study draws on the published documents of state authorities and local self-government, historical and local history essays, materials of local periodicals, and the results of express surveys of the settlement residents.

Alcohol and its functions in the culture of the Khanty of the Surgut Ob region

The aim of the research is to show the functions of alcohol in the traditional culture of the Eastern Khanty. The basis of the work is formed by the author's field data collected in 2002–2018 in Khanty Surgut Ob region, including the right bank of the Ob River (Lyamin, Pim, Tromyegan, and Agan) and its left bank (Bolshoi Yugan, Malyy Yugan), as well as the right tributary of the Irtysh River (Demyanka). The study of the role of alcohol in the traditional rituals of the Eastern Khanty was based on the methodology of gift exchange proposed by M. Mauss [2011]. The structural-functional approach was used to analyze the functions of alcohol, its place in the traditional culture, and social relations of the Eastern Khanty [Malinovskiy, 2006]. Despite the problems associated with alcoholism, as well as the negative impact on the health of the Eastern Khanty, alcohol performs a number of functions in the traditional culture. The recognition of the legitimacy of alcohol in the traditional worldview is based on the cosmogonic myths. In the ritual sphere, alcohol is a gift to the deities, from whom the indigenous people, in return, expect assistance to a person in hunting and fishing, prosperity, health, and safety. Alcohol performs the function of erasing social boundaries in the community of participants in a traditional ritual. During traditional ritu-als, alcohol is a tool for a person's transition to an altered state of consciousness. In everyday life, alcohol per-forms the functions of relaxation and stress relief. Alcohol serves as a social catalyst when a stranger is included in a traditional collective. Until recently, alcohol occupied not the last place as an equivalent of money in the in-kind exchange of goods and services. At the beginning of the 21st century, structural changes caused by the industrialization of the Surgut Ob region, as well as economic and social reforms of the Post-Perestroika period, led to reduction in the consumption of alcohol by the Eastern Khanty. Today, these changes are represented by two oppositely directed trends. The first tendency is represented by the processes of the revival of traditional culture, nature management, and religion. The second trend includes reappraisal of traditional religion and transition of a part of the Eastern Khanty to Protestantism.

What hinders the implementation of development programs of Siberia?

The article examines the problems of the socio-economic development of Siberia in the aspect of the adopted federal programs and strategies. The views and approaches of many specialists and experts are analyzed both on the quality of the programs themselves, their systemic validity, and on the complex of external conditions that impede their implementation. It is stated that in the post-perestroika period, de-industrialization processes took place in Siberia, socio-economic inequality with the central regions grew, which led to an outflow of the population. In the post-perestroika period, there was a gradual decrease in the weight of the Siberian Federal District in the Russian economy. So far, no progress has been achieved in leveling the level and quality of life of Siberians in comparison with other regions.

ASPECTS OF OPTIMIZATION OFORTHOPEDIC DENTAL CARE FOR PREGNANTWOMEN IN THECITY OF TASHKENT

It is necessary to conduct dynamic monitoring of the state of the oral organs of women throughout pregnancy in order to identify the initial forms of diseases, control the effectiveness of rehabilitation and prevent the development of complications. Over the past decades, since the post-perestroika period, in our country, against the background of deteriorating economic and socio-demographic indicators, there have been serious omissions in observing, developed by the efforts of famous domestic scientists, the basic principles of dental prophylaxis and medical examination -an integral part of medical examination of the population

Subjective and objective assessments of personal employment at the Russian Far East (Jewish Autonomous Region as a case study)

Based on objective and subjective assessments, the article draws conclusions about the personal employment of the population of the residents of the Jewish Autonomous Region. The main demographic problems reflecting the current situation in the region are revealed. It is demonstrated that, in comparison with other Far Eastern regions, the Jewish Autonomous Region is in the position of an outsider in some indicators (for example, in mortality), and in others - in a position of a leader (for example, in reducing the growth of unemployment). The general socio-economic situation in the region testifies to the persistence of negative trends in the post-perestroika period. These conclusions are confirmed by the subjective assessments of the residents of the region, obtained in the course of a sociological study. Among the interviewees who consider themselves unemployed, there are both self-employed and economically inactive. It was revealed that about 22% of the respondents are employed in the informal sector, moreover, more than half of them are referred to as “forced-employed”, since they have not been able to officially find a job. The urban population overwhelmingly prefers standard forms of employment, perceiving informal employment rather as a possible addition to the main place of work. In rural areas, the situation is the opposite, since informal employment takes the leading place, in fact performing the functions of the main employment. At the same time, the population rather passively uses the possibilities of obtaining additional income, preferring to live on benefits or to take odd jobs. The population practically does not use the opportunity to improve their qualifications or obtain an additional (new) work specialty. More than 60% of the respondents partially provide for their families, using archaic economic practices, i.e., collecting and processing natural resources (wild plants, hunting and fishing), that may indicate both a certain cultural phenomenon of the local population and a lack of financial resources in a significant part of the population. A certain mythologisation of the role of large agricultural enterprises in the development of the territory take place among the local rural population. A significant part of the surveyed rural population considers the creation of agricultural jobs to be a priority area of ​​development, despite the fact that this type of activity has never been the main one and has not brought much income to the region, given the difficult agro-climatic conditions of the region.

Regional aspects of the development of mineral resources (using the Trans-Baikal Territory as an example)

Relevance. The Trans-Baikal Territory is one of the richest in Russia in terms of reserves of mineral resources. Explored reserves of mineral resources of the region for many types of minerals are of national and strategic importance and are sources of meeting the country’s needs. The region’s work is aimed at attracting investors, including foreign ones, for the development of mineral resources and the development of infrastructure. The border neighborhood with China contributed to the fact that it became the main foreign economic partner of the Trans-Baikal Territory. The development of mining enterprises with the involvement of local labor resources in this process is an important task for solving socio-economic problems. The purpose of the work is to analyze the development of mineral resources of the southeast of the region and the results of cross-border interaction in the field of mineral resources. Comparative geographic analysis, statistical data analysis and the cartographic method were used. Results. The overview material on the state and the development of mineral resources in the southeast of the Transbaikal Territory with the results of cross-border interaction are presented. Conclusions. High dependence of the mineral resource complex on market conditions, a long period of return on investments adversely affect the development of the mineral resources of the region. In the post-perestroika period of field development in the region, the presence of a foreign investor from the countries of the Asia-Pacific region did not lead to the successful implementation of projects and did not have a significant positive impact on the socio-economic growth of the areas of their development. The presence of a large Russian investor, such as no.rilsk Nickel, ensured the success of the development project, but just one of the deposits.

Epistolary heritage as a source for studying the problems of transformation of collective memory

The purpose of the article is to identify and analyze historical stories that were updated in the space of collective memory of residents of large Siberian cities (Omsk and Novosibirsk) in the conditions of democratic transformations in the country and society in 19852000; to achieve this goal, the author set the following tasks: to establish the factors of evolution of collective memory that arose during the period under review; to identify new features of translation of memory about the past; to reveal the stages and content of reflection of residents of large cities of Western Siberia on the theme of the historical past, taking into account the transformations that took place in the sphere of collective memory. The problems of studying the collective memory of modern Russian society, the politics of memory, and the factors of manipulation of historical consciousness have caused acute scientific and journalistic discussions for several years. An informative (due to its mass character) source for studying the transformations of collective memory is the letters of the citizens of the country as a response to various published materials related to the history of the country. The relevance of this topic is justified by the need to understand the processes that led to the formation of the views of residents of post-Soviet Russia about the past. The scientific novelty lies in the analysis of previously unclaimed archival sources that illustrate the process of evolution of the views of ordinary people on Russian history and, directly, the history of Siberia. The research was carried out within the framework of the problem field memory studies, which is characterized by the development of new interdisciplinary methods and approaches in the study of specific features of collective memory, as well as practices of historical policy; traditional retrospective and genetic methods of historical research were also used. Based on the reference to Omsk and Novosibirsk materials, we conclude that the stories on the theme of collective memory that were updated in the years of perestroika and the post-perestroika period are similar. First of all, these are the events of the revolution and Civil War in Russia, the events of the period of the 1920-ies1930-ies, the Great Patriotic war, but, at the same time, uncharacteristic for collective ideas about the past before 1985, an appeal to pre-revolutionary history, as well as a high degree of emphasis on the problems of modernity in their binding to historical facts. Transformations of ideas about the past in the 19851990-ies are characterized as global, which served as an impetus to the awakening of civil activity in society. The stages of strengthening and weakening of people's interest in historical subjects are determined depending on various political and socio-economic factors.

ВОЗНИКНОВЕНИЕ ПРОТИВОСТОЯНИЯ ЭКУМЕНИЗМУ В РУССКОЙ ПРАВОСЛАВНОЙ ЦЕРКВИ (РПЦ) В ПОСТПЕРЕСТРОЕЧНЫЙ ПЕРИОД В РОССИИ

The main purpose of the article is to analyze the emergence of opposition to ecumenism in the Rus-sian Orthodox Church (ROC) in the post-perestroika period of Russia. The article examines the issues of interaction between the Russian Orthodox Church (ROC) and the World Council of Churches (WCC), the aspects of opposition to the ecumenist movement in the Russian Federation in the post-Soviet realities. The author comes to the conclusion that in the post-perestroika period, a number of representatives of the Russian Orthodox Church were negatively disposed towards ecu-menism and considered this movement a heresy. The issues of this kind caused disagreement not only at the international level, but also within the structure of the ROC itself.

Integration aspects of the social environment of adolescents from the high-risk group

The socialization of modern teenagers takes place in the context of an immanent current crisis of social integration, based on what was experienced in the post-perestroika period and the social anomie that has been transformed in modern conditions. Teenagers grow up in the absence of well-established, unambiguously interpreted socio-cultural complexes that can become a valuable socializing framework and communicative guide for them. The necessityto form their own idea of the boundaries and to fill the basis of existing relations in society with an adequate meaning inevitably pushes them to peculiar experiments in the field of social deviation. As a result, the risks of forming antisocial behavior in the adolescent environment, suppressed by institutional mechanisms of social control, are significantly increased, and ultimately leads to its criminalization. This article presents the result of a comprehensive casestudy. It is devoted to the integration analysis of various segments of the social environment of adolescents, which belong to the group of increased social risk. These adolescents are individually accompanied according to the regulations in the St. Petersburg State Budgetary Institution City Center for Social Programs and the Prevention of Antisocial Phenomena among Youth “CONTACT”. The article is based on the sociological concepts of M. Weber, T. Parsons, E. Durkheim, A. Schütz and other sociologists. The article offers a methodological construct that makes it possible to analyze the factors of inclusion of adolescents in such segments of their social environment as family, friends, educational institutions and civil society. The author has proposed a system of indicators characterizing various parameters of social environments in order to describe its integration logic. As a result of the analysis of the conducted focus groups and a telephone interview, the author was able to characterize the relationships that develop among adolescents in various segments of the social environment.