Post-industrial Stage Research Articles

Regional decline and structural changes in Northeast China: an exploratory space–time approach

Literature on New Economic Geography (NEG) highlights the importance of spatial concentration and spillover effects in economic growth or decline. Northeast China, as an old industrial base, is experiencing a regional decline since its transition to the post-industrial stage. Therefore, what is the main sectoral composition in Northeast China and how does this influence regional decline? To what extent do spatial spillovers play a role before and during the regional decline of Northeast China? Based on these questions, we investigated the spatial connections between regional decline and structural changes in Northeast China over three development periods: Rust Belt (1995–2002), revival (2002–2015), and decline (2015–2019). The recent exploratory space–time data analysis was employed on prefecture-level income and its structural change components (sectoral output and employment ratio). We found that the possible reason for the regional decline in Northeast China is premature deindustrialisation. Spatial co-decline in the employment of industry and construction, the primary source of regional decline, facilitates most of the space–time patterns of the regional income. Agglomeration of the agricultural sector has shifted to the north, while industry and construction have gravitated towards the middle and south, with no clear spatial patterns in the service sector. Dependence on natural resources has a "lock-in effect" that inhibits the transition from industry to services, so industry and construction remain the most efficient in Northeast China. Strengthening spatial connections is essential for local governments to develop service sectors and overcome declining conditions.

ИННОВАЦИОННОЕ И ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКОЕ РАЗВИТИЕ РЕГИОНОВ ОБРАБАТЫВАЮЩЕЙ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОСТИ: ОЦЕНКА КОНВЕРГЕНЦИИ ИНДУСТРИАЛЬНОГО ПРОСТРАНСТВА

When assessing regional industry in the transition to the post-industrial stage of develop-ment, it is necessary to take into account the productive, technological, and innovative potential of the in-dustries themselves, the regions in which they are located, and the ratio of different technological levels of industrial sectors (high-, medium-, or low-tech levels and HT, HMT, or LMT, or LT sectors). This article assesses the technological and innovative homogeneity of the industrial space of Russian regions specializ-ing in manufacturing. The study analyzes innovation parameters and the convergence of regions, taking into account the dominance of industries with different levels of technology. The study investigates HT, HMT, LMT and LT regions of the Russian manufacturing industry. Research methods include comparative, eco-nomic, and statistical analysis (σ- and β-convergence). The hypothesis is that there are uneven shifts in the innovation and technological development of regions, the presence of distinctive advantages, and resistance to external restrictions and violations of system technologies. The assessment of these features will increase the technological sovereignty and independence of innovation development of the regions and the country as a whole. The results revealed that LT and LMT regions have stable growth in the volume of shipped in-novative goods which ensures sustainable innovation efficiency. HT and HMT regions are characterized by the high costs of innovation and high innovation efficiency. In regions with different levels of technology, a reduction in disproportions based on σ-convergence was revealed; β-convergence was revealed in the group of HT, HMT, and LMT regions by the share of innovative products in the structure of shipped products and the share of medium- and high-tech industries in shipped products. The conclusions can be used in the de-velopment of regional industrial policy.

Теоретико-методологічне підґрунтя феномену економіки вражень

The article examines the origin of the theory of the economy of impressions, identifies related economic theories, which are its preliminary basis for development. It is determined that foreign scientists pay more attention to the research and development of the economy of impressions, while domestic scientists have recently begun to disseminate the provisions of the economy of impressions, believing that they are intended to form an attitude towards an economic entity that produces wares and provides services. Such an attitude, according to most researchers, can be considered as an innovative instrument for competition between manufacturers. Therefore, the aim of the article is to present the results of the theoretical and methodological provisions of the economy of impressions as a certain sufficiently progressive new phenomenon (emergence, process, model) in the field of economic relations. The article provides a logical sequence and interconnection of the theoretical and methodological basis for the formation of the essence and content of the concept of the economy of impressions, which allowed to conclude that it is a complex phenomenon that develops not only on the basis of economic achievements, but also on the basis of managerial, marketing, social, psychological aspects, which should be taken into account in the process of its use and development. It is defined that the impressions of consumers and partners are formed on the basis of trust in certain economic entities, on reputational signals (reputation of the seller’s / manufacturer’s platform) and trusting beliefs, which together significantly increase the cost of products and services and contribute to the development of a certain industry of impressions. The main conclusions of the article are that the development of the economy and evolutionary changes in the models of consumer behavior contributed to the gradual development of the economy of impressions and the strengthening of its influence on improving the efficiency of enterprises. It is noted that the essence of the concept of «economy of impressions» should reflect a complex system of mutual influence of technical-technological, financial-economic, social, psychological, ethical relations between producers and consumers of goods and services at the post-industrial stage of social development. Due to the unification of various industries of impressions, a synergistic effect arises, which contributes to the formation of various types of pleasures, sensations, emotions, the accumulation of individual consumer experience, for which consumers are willing to pay an increased price. The object of research of the economy of impressions is structured, which consists of the processes of improvement: doing business in the context of a new paradigm, innovative development of an industry of impressions, personal experience of consumers and partners, formation and dissemination in society of a complex information and social memory based on attractiveness, brands and reputation of economic entities.

ЧЕЛОВЕЧЕСКИЙ КАПИТАЛ: ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ, ОСОБЕННОСТИ, ПРОЦЕСС ВОСПРОИЗВОДСТВА

The transition of economically developed countries to the post-industrial stage of development is closely related to the process of accumulation and growth of human capital. In the XNUMXst century, the leader will not be the country with more natural resources or fixed assets and even finance, but the one with more and better human capital. Unfortunately, in Russia there is a situation where people lose their value for many statesmen, business leaders, and entrepreneurs. Based on this, the article examines the category of “human capital”: the difference in approaches to the definition of human capital is revealed; generalized and systematized features of human capital; the process of its reproduction is studied.

MANAGEMENT OF ENVIRONMENTAL PARAMETERS OF THE VEGETABLE INDUSTRY ACCORDING TO THE CRITERION OF THE INDEX OF THE USE AND REPRODUCTION OF SOIL FERTILITY

The article presents the results of the search for the optimal balance between the profitability of agriculture and the preservation of natural resources. An attempt is presented to balance the productivity of natural resources and the preservation of the natural environment, which ensures the high efficiency of resource use without reducing soil fertility and environmental degradation. However, when using intensive, knowledge-based, high-tech farming methods, it is important to ensure optimal use of soil fertility to achieve economic efficiency and production stability in the long term. Preservation of soil fertility is an important area of ensuring sustainable development of agriculture and environmental protection. The need to solve the economic and ecological problems of rational use, protection, preservation and reproduction of soil fertility is determined, because in the context of the post-industrial stage of the development of the society, attention to the preservation of natural resources and sustainable development becomes necessary to ensure economic prosperity and long-term environmental sustainability. The ecological criterion in the assessment of the market for vegetable products becomes a key indicator, as it reflects the degree of consideration of environmental aspects and the sustainability of ecosystems. Taking into account the methods of using soil fertility and its restoration determines how much agriculture conserves natural resources. A forecast model of reproduction of soil fertility in vegetable production of Ukraine under different scenarios for the period until 2030 is proposed, reflecting different approaches to managing soil fertility and ecological efficiency of agricultural activity. The choice of the optimal scenario depends on many factors (economic possibilities, ecological views and social requirements) and can contribute to the sustainable use of soil fertility and the maintenance of ecosystems. A study was conducted to assess the intensity of losses and restoration of soil fertility in the activities of modern enterprises of the Vinnitsa region, which were specialized in vegetable growing. The necessity of observing soil-saving technologies at the expense of external regulatory impulses, which in the economic and sanction direction will force to change the behavior of the agents of the market of vegetable products in Ukraine in the direction of greening, has been established.

Манипуляция как феномен информационного общества

The article touches upon the most urgent problem of information manipulation with the aim of influencing society. In most sources manipulation is interpreted as the use of certain techniques and technologies, under the influence of which the behavior of people changes in the direction necessary for the manipulator. It is noted that the most favorable conditions for the implementation of manipulation technologies are formed in the information society, in which information, knowledge and information technologies play a special role. The analysis of existing theories allows us to consider the information society as a special type of society at the post-industrial stage of development, the production of which is based on information. Various algorithms for presenting information are used, from the elementary dissemination of information that cannot be verified to its purposeful combination, taking into account the peculiarities of perception by different audiences, including the specifics of the preferable communication channels. At different stages society development manipulation has its own characteristics. In today's information society, the biggest threat is the media. The media today is a real force in society, which, with the help of information messages, forms certain social attitudes and influences the change in a person's beliefs. The process of manipulation includes the imposition of a certain social stereotypes, thanks to which an individual reproduces the necessary behavior patterns, perception and thinking changes. The results of a number of sociological studies reveal the features of impact technologies, among which the authors note the special role of the media in imposing stereotypes through the creation of socially significant images, which also act as propaganda and agitation tools.

Government expenditure on education in the light of the paradigm of sustainable development: Econometric spatial models and models of dynamics

The knowledge economy is a paradigm of the post-industrial stage of the development of society, therefore research on the relationship between the level of the main economic indicators and state spending on education is relevant. The purpose of this article was to assess the impact of the main economic indicators on the state spending on education both in total and per capita. Econometric models based on spatial data as well as dynamics models were constructed, and the Goldfeld-Quandt test was performed. The study was conducted on the example of the most influential countries of the world and the member states of the European Union. It is shown that the growth of the total volume of gross domestic product and purchasing power parity is accompanied by the growth of the total volume of state education deductions and education deductions per capita. For countries with relatively low purchasing power parity, the correlation between these indicators is tight, and the dispersion of empirical data relative to theoretical data derived from the econometric model is not statistically significant. On the contrary, for countries with high purchasing power parity, the dependence between these indicators does exist, but there is a significant dispersion of empirical data relative to theoretical data. The Goldfeld-Quandt test showed that the countries that were selected for the study should be classified according to this feature to different sample populations. It was found that the volume of deductions for education per capita has little effect on the effectiveness of the educational process. Studies of the dynamics of education expenditures have shown that although Ukraine belongs to countries with a relatively low purchasing power parity and during 2015-2022 the growth rate of education expenditures significantly lagged behind the growth rate of economic indicators, the effectiveness of education remains relatively high. The obtained research results should be taken into account in practice in order to optimize the costs of financing the educational sector

Современные тенденции развития экономики Республики Крым

Based on the analysis of the dynamics of the gross regional product (GRP) production, the GRP structure and the GRP volume index of the Republic of Crimea, positive and negative aspects of the development of the region's economy have been identified. The tendency of the region's transition to the post-industrial stage of development has been established; a decrease in the share of the raw materials sector and energy in the total volume of investments in fixed assets – industries of previous technological structures, and an increase in the share of funds invested in modern branches of the "new economy", which provide recreational and tourist specialization of the Crimea: activities of hotels and catering enterprises; activities in the field of health and social services.
 The mapping of economic sectors (types of economic activity) of the Republic of Crimea on the basis of signs of competitiveness and technological effectiveness, dynamics of investments and profits, growth of labor productivity and nominal accrued wages of employees allowed us to substantiate the main trends in the development of the economy of the Republic of Crimea and to identify the growth sectors of the regional economy: construction; real estate operations; wholesale and retail trade; repair of motor vehicles and motorcycles, as well as types of economic activities representing creative industries of the economy based on the production of goods and services through creative activity and management of intellectual property rights. As trends in need of refraction there are highlighted a decrease in the share of the economy of activities in the field of health and social services; education; activities in the field of information and communication; activities in the field of culture, sports, leisure and entertainment; insufficient efficiency of transport development and low share of fixed capital investments in manufacturing industries.

Global city as an actor of sustainable development: the case of Shanghai

In this investigation the authors explore the problems of spatial development and functioning of agglomeration formations, as well as the transformation and complication of the spatial structure of urban areas, expanding the understanding of urbanized residential areas from the point of view of the life support of society and the functioning of the modern economy. On the example of the case of Shanghai, one of the largest centers of population and economic resources concentration in China, the achievement of the status of a global city is considered through the prism of participation in the implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals. Related problems are also identified that require solutions to be found in the process of spatial planning. The prospect of reaching a population of 34 million by 2050 necessitates the transformation of Shanghai into an innovative city with a high quality of life, for which the authorities are striving to adapt to international trends from both a socio-economic and environmental point of view. The paper discusses the prospects for the optimized use of the territory, the “three spaces” (environmental, agricultural and urban). As a criterion for assessing the level of socio-economic development, the calculation of the coefficient of specialization is used, which, in combination with the calculation of the Ryabtsev index, makes it possible to determine the degree of changes in the structure of the economy over a 10-year period. The results indicate both the prevalence and the strengthening of the role of the tertiary sector, confirming the transition of the Shanghai economy to the post-industrial stage.

Рекогносцировка профессиональных ресурсов и личностного потенциала педагога в эпоху социальной турбулентности и трансформации образования

Introduction. The article defines the teacher's mission in the era of social turbulence and high uncertainty characteristic of the transition of Russian society to the post-industrial stage of development. The authors focus on training a teacher for the future, determined by social conditions and directions of development of the Russian education system. Relevance. The available scientific ideas about the professional resources and personal potential of the teacher, ways to support his development in modern conditions cannot be recognized as sufficient. This determines the purpose of the study: the definition of professional resources in the context of the development of the personal potential of the teacher, the most demanded in the era of social turbulence and transformation of education. Material and research methods: the work uses theoretical methods (analysis of philosophical, psychological and pedagogical literature), modeling, generalization of the experience of establishing additional pedagogical education; empirical methods (psychological diagnosis of professional resources and personal potential of teachers, readiness of teachers for professional activities in conditions of social turbulence and transformation of education). Study results and discussion. The authors propose a model of professional resources and personal potential of the teacher, indicate diagnostic methods for their research. A description of the possibility of additional pedagogical education is presented as a condition for the development of professional resources and the personal potential of the teacher. It was concluded that it is necessary to improve the advanced training and retraining of teachers in the context of modern requirements for the teacher's activities. The experience of the Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I. N. Ulyanov in this direction is described. Conclusions. The results of the study can be used in organizing comprehensive support for the development of professional resources and personal potential of teachers in the conditions of further education, managing a teacher's career, developing advanced training and professional retraining programs.

MODELLING THE IMPACT OF INTELLECTUALIZATION ON ECONOMIC GROWTH IN UKRAINE

Studying driving forces and determinants of robust economic growth has been a topical issue in economic science for many years. The whole evolution of economic science has confirmed that there is a constant search for relations and interdependencies between individual factors and economic development. Along with the rapid scientific and technological progress in the twenty-first century, the range of factors that have a decisive influence on the country’s economic dynamics is growing. Recognizing the key role of all resources related to human intellectual activity in the countries’ economic development is a well-known postulate. The intense use of intellectual resources, accelerated technologicalization, and digitization are at the heart of the breakthrough development for all advanced countries in the world (Kaleniuk I., Kuklin V., 2012).The strengthening of competition at the current stage of civilizational development causes new factors and mechanisms of market struggle to come to the fore. These include the growing importance of intellectual resources and creative products as key factors in competitiveness. One of the important tasks of the economic activity of countries in the global environment is the accumulation and implementation of intellectual resources, which can determine the pace of the country's development, in general, shape the global parameters of world economic development. In fact, the intellectualization of society becomes one of the most important conditions for intensive development, expansion of spheres of influence, and realization of national interests. The term “intellectualization of the economy” refers to this type of economic development of the world economy, which is characterized by an increase in the role of knowledge and education as key factors in its provision.At the level of productive forces, the intellectualization of the global economic system is manifested in the predominance of ensuring the growth of labour productivity of intellectual factors, the growth of their role in the process of technical and economic combination of personal and material factors of production, as well as in the interaction of man with nature, increasing the level of intellectualization of the human worker (Global economy…, 2008).The strengthening of the intellectual component in all sectors of economic activity is due to the need to solve urgent problems of society, to produce the latest development strategies. This happens both at the expense of own innovative intellectually rich products and by borrowing existing ones from other countries. The question is that under modern conditions, the existing concept of intellectualization of the economy takes on new features and forms. This is reflected in the continuous production of key innovations and the improvement of existing products and processes. Constant attention to increasing the intellectualization of the economy at all its levels enabled the USA, the EU, Japan, and China to occupy the positions of world leaders in scientific, technological, and economic aspects (Lyakh V., Udovik S., 2006). Intellectualization of the economy becomes the main trend of development under the condition of transition to a new type of society, which changes the relations between market participants. Note that these processes are most pronounced in countries close to post-industrial society. In the economies of countries with a rustic system, these processes are quite insignificant, which is due to limited development opportunities.Identifying the most effective factors of the countries’ economic success in modern conditions are the issues of particular interest for economic science. An important task in the context of economic development research is to find out strong relations between individual indicators. Moreover, studying the relations between intellectual activity (resources and outcomes) and GDP growth indicators is of great interest.A priority direction of development in the context of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and new technological framework formation for modern Ukraine is to complete the economy’s industrial structure and to undertake gradual transformation not only into the post-industrial stage but also into the knowledge economy. To ensure the economy’s competitiveness today, awareness of the role of knowledge is essential.

Revitalization of the industrial heritage: guidelines for Kryvyi Rih

The post-industrial stage of development determined a significant reduction of the importance of industrial production, which led to restructuring the economy. An active process of revaluation has begun – reassessing the value of industrial heritage and finding options for its further use. Kryvyi Rih is the most powerful industrial center of Ukraine and despite the fact that the industry is in an active stage of operation, the issue of diversification of the city’s economy and further transformation of industrial facilities is raised in a timely manner. The tasks of this research are theoretical analysis of the concept of revitalization”, the essence of this process, the study of practical experience of revitalization in Ukraine and abroad, the result of which should be an analysis of prospects for the implementation of this process in the industrial heritage of Kryvyi Rih. The analysis of the possibilities of Kryvyi Rih industrial heritage revaluation was carried out through the prism of an interdisciplinary approach based on research in architecture, ecology, economics, geography and culturology. Disclosure of this issue took place at two levels of research: theoretical and empirical. Theoretical research was based on the use of general scientific systems approach, analysis and synthesis, structural-functional analysis, comparative analysis, modeling methods, design, SWOT and PEST-analyzes of the probable effectiveness of revitalization in Kryvyi Rih. Empirical research was expeditionary methods, observations, the method of field visual inspections. The study has structured the concept of “revitalization”, revealed promising areas of industrial facilities revitalization. The world tendencies and the best national examples of transformation of industrial territories into various innovation spaces have been analyzed. An assessment of the potential of the city’s various objects in terms of revitalization opportunities has been given. Conceptual models of creation of the Industrial Culture Park “SHAKHTA” on the place of the preserved mine “Artem-2”, and also industrial and landscape park on the place of Burshchitsky dump have been prepared, futuristic possibilities of their use in the tourist activity have been allocated. Intensification of efforts of specialists in various related fields to ensure the sustainable development of the urban environment of old industrial areas is the key to a qualitative revival of industrial spaces, harmonization and ecological optimisation of the former industrial environment, solving a number of socio-economic problems.

REGIONAL APPROACH TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF A TOURIST PRODUCT

Tourism through the formation of destinations opens up great opportunities for socio-economic development of territories (countries, regions, cities, etc.) with different amounts of tourist resources. Inbound tourism helps to increase the country’s balance of payments, domestic – its preservation. Tourism allows you to make a profit in many industries, industries and fields of activity that are involved in the formation of tourism or tourism-related products. Tourism should be developed in any country, region, the main thing – to have a correct idea of its specifics and information support when planning relevant activities related to it. The regions of Ukraine have a significant and diverse tourist and recreational potential, due to the favorable geopolitical position and natural and climatic conditions, which may be in demand in both domestic and international tourism markets. However, recent crises related to the quarantine crisis, which has caused negative socio-economic processes around the world, are significant challenges to the development and realization of regional potential of tourism business in Ukraine – the need for effective regional mechanisms to stimulate development of all components of tourism which should be a prerequisite for realizing the potential of the region’s tourism industry. The regional approach to research and development of tourism allows analyze in detail sociocultural and socio-economic aspects of tourism business development, to promote effective use of tourist and recreational potential of regions, formation of post-industrial stage of economic system and regions.

Структурные факторы миграции населения Дальнего Востока России

The migration outflow of the population, which has been occurring for 30 years in all subjects of the Russian Federation located in the Far East, is becoming a stable phenomenon that threatens the security of the country on its eastern borders. The measures taken by the Government of the Russian Federation have not made significant improvements in the migration situation, which puts forward the urgent problem of revealing the true essence of the observed phenomenon of migration outflow of the population, including the analysis of the structure of departures. As our research shows, the initiative core of the migration outflow are persons who have received higher education, including those with PhD and doctorate degrees. In the structure of the negative balance of migration in the Far Eastern macro-region, their share is 40 percent, while in the structure of the permanent population of the Far East it is half as much and does not exceed 20 percent. Migration flows from persons consisting of highly educated personnel characterize the transition of social reproduction to its innovative type. This feature of the post-industrial stage of society's development was noted in the middle of the twentieth century. The recipients of such migration flows, generated by persons with higher education and qualifications, are the centers of science, high-tech production, innovative development. The revealed pattern allows us to conclude that the solution to the problem of migration outflow of the population of the Far East consists in the formation and development of agglomerations in the macroregion that carry out their advanced socio-economic development on the basis of the latest achievements of science and technology, which creates the best conditions for the creation of knowledge-intensive jobs attractive to highly qualified personnel.

ТРАНСФОРМАЦІЇ СУЧАСНОЇ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ СВІТОСИСТЕМИ В УМОВАХ ГЛОБАЛІЗАЦІЇ

The article examines the peculiarities of the formation and further development of the economic component of the modern world system in the conditions of global economic and political transformations. The main scientific approaches to defining the essence and models of globalization are outlined. Authors singled out two main models of globalization – neoliberal and humanistic-noospheric. Neoliberal is recognized as the current one, due to the fact that it is interpreted as technocratic-unipolar under the pronounced hegemony of the USA and Western culture. The division of the world system into the center and the periphery is substantiated. The leading level is countries with a high level of income, which concentrate resource flows, appropriating all the benefits of globalization, and the bottom consists of less developed countries of the periphery, which are resource donors for the group of leaders, existing mainly due to the use and sale of natural resources and consumers of innovations. This group is the largest, it shows slow modernization, some of its regions are overpopulated, and in many places there are zones of political instability and conflicts. The dependence of the country's role and place in the structure of the modern world system on its level of economic development and GDP indicators is described. It was also found that in the process of development, central regions change their specialization, transferring innovations to other regions, which, in turn, seem to "pull" behind the center to a new high-quality level of economic development. The authors also considered the state and prospects for the development of the economic core in the territory of modern China. It has been found that it is inappropriate to talk about the hegemony of this country in the modern world system, since the country's economy does not demonstrate the necessary stability and transition to the postindustrial stage of development with the predominance of the service sector over industrial production. Instead, the current state of the world system demonstrates the formation of a powerful core of the world economy in North America, which is based on the economy of the United States of America.

СВІТОВА ПРАКТИКА ІМПЛЕМЕНТАЦІЇ ЗАСАД ЦИРКУЛЯРНОЇ ЕКОНОМІКИ

The article is devoted to the study of a circular economy as a new type of social and economic system. The circular economy paradigm ensures an increase of sustainable development, the creation of new jobs, environmental protection and a reduction in the level of harmful substances. It is substantiated that transition towards a circular economy is not uniform and varies depending on a series of factors such as the degree of industrialization, the level of technological development, the availability of qualified human resources and access to finance etc. For the development of the circular economy, the world’s leading countries began to use various tools and mechanisms of state policy in order to ensure its comprehensiveness. It includes the introduction of circular technologies, financing of circular business, the readiness of society to change the habits and create environmentally responsible tools of interaction. It is determined that the legislative regulation of the circular economy at the state level is carried out in a fragmented manner. Diversified risks during the implementation of R-imperatives, which are caused by the level of countries development, are determined. Levels of the circular economy implementation are examined. It is found out, the circular economy provides the optimization of industrial systems through the construction of an innovative model of regenerative production and distribution. It is defined, there is an asymmetry of the circular models implementation in different countries as a result of uneven economic development and the inefficiency of national circular systems. It is substantiated that each country has national peculiarities of the circular economy implementation. A defining feature of the postindustrial stage of highly developed countries is the focus on comprehensively promoting the introduction of the circular economy mechanisms into business practices of developing countries. It is emphasized that the implementation of joint development in the circular economy sphere requires from the countries to harmonize social, environmental and economic goals. It is underlined that the formation of the circular model of economic development should be based on the dominance of such elements as the state and business partnership; diversified support of enterprises environmentally responsible activity.

WAYS AND MEANS OF POST-WAR RESTORATION OF THE TOURISM AND RECREATION BUSINESS IN UKRAINE (ASPECTS OF EFFECTIVE USE OF RESOURCES FOR THE RESTORATION OF SERVICE INFRASTRUCTURE IN THE CONDITIONS OF UNITED TERRITORIAL COMMUNITIES)

In general, the sphere of services in the field of tourism and recreation in the postindustrial era is one of the most promising and rapidly developing. Meanwhile, in the state of war, not only the conditions and circumstances of their development, but also the very structure of consumption change. The specific weight of services in the total amount of goods produced in the gross domestic product exceeds 70 percent in developed countries. In the conditions of war, this indicator is reduced to almost zero. Indeed, the modern world economy and the tourism and recreation business within it are characterized by extraordinary dynamism. The rapid development of means of communication technologies practically eliminated geographical obstacles in the trade of goods and services, creating a global economic space for the spread of tourist and recreational services, realization of these unique opportunities in Ukraine. Scientific and technical progress, which marked the transition to the postindustrial stage of the development of the world economy, increases competition in the markets of innovations, information technologies and the markets of service provision. The article reveals directions for improving the management of tourist and recreational activities in the conditions of united territorial communities: resource levers and tools for the formation of service infrastructure in the conditions of war and ... administrative-territorial reform. The peculiarities of the development of tourist and recreational activities in Ukraine in military and defense conditions are characterized, and organizational and economic mechanisms for the formation of service infrastructure are proposed. In the context of the effective use of phenomenal resource, natural-recreational, national-ethnographic and historical regional traditions of Ukraine, it is proposed for the first time to use the available opportunities of the State Geocadastre to provide consulting and advisory services to newly created territorial communities. The prerequisites for the development of the tourism and recreation industry in the post-war conditions of the formation of the state and in the context of Ukraine’s accession to the EU are described.

ІСТОРИЧНІ ТРЕНДИ ТА СУЧАСНІ ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ МІЖНАРОДНОГО РУХУ КАПІТАЛУ В УМОВАХ НЕВИЗНАЧЕНОСТІ

The article defines the phenomenon of international capital movement, examines its trends and current state in the conditions of incomplete recovery from the pandemic and after the start of the war in Ukraine. The authors describe the reasons that encourage countries to export capital, describe its main characteristics and influencing factors. It was concluded that the most profitable way of financing is financing with the help of direct foreign investments. It is also stated that the international movement of capital is characterized by periodic volatility, various periodic trends and structural changes. The historical prerequisites of the current state of the international movement of capital are also investigated. In particular, the historical periods in the 20th century, when there were changes in the direction of capital movement on a global scale, are highlighted and the reasons for such changes are substantiated. It was found that immediately after the war, investments were made mainly in the countries of Western Europe, and starting from the mid-80s, these countries themselves became large exporters of capital. The article emphasizes the difference in capital flows of the second half of the 20th and the beginning of the 21st centuries, when information was added to the traditional factors of production and new types of highly mobile capital appeared, moving only at a higher rate of profit. It is also stated that the movement of capital today is affected by the transition of the economy of developed countries to the post-industrial stage of economic development, which leads to the restructuring of the international division of labor and the expansion of scientific and technical cooperation. The authors also assessed the trends towards the recovery of direct foreign investment in the world after the pandemic and the prospects of an economic recession as a result of the war in Ukraine. It is noted that in 2021 the investment sector has fully recovered after the pandemic (especially in developed countries), but it is expected to slow down due to military actions in Ukraine, because the first signs of a threatening recession are already visible, which will most likely accelerate the decline in investment.

Оценка экологических эффектов дорожного строительства в Москве: микрогеографический анализ

The article discusses the changes in the volume of emissions from vehicles along several streets (new and old) in the part of Ochakovo-Matveevskoye municipal district of Moscow. The large-scale assessment method included 3 stages: field observations of the intensity and structure of the traffic flow on selected streets, calculation of emission volumes and air pollution density in emission dispersion areas. In the article determines shifts in the factors of the spatial issues of the spread of pollution from vehicles. The defining characteristic is the transport and planning structure at the level of the city, district, local area. The solution of the transport problem through the transformation of the road network makes harder the using of innovative methods in solving the problem of air pollution in Moscow. Positive changes in the dynamics of traffic pollution are possible within the post-industrial trends in the development of various multifactorial approaches for different areas of the city. It is a fact that the construction of new highways improves the traffic quality, reduces the intensity of congestion, but at the same time creates new areas of pollution. Emission reductions are only achieved for gasoline light trucks and diesel heavy trucks. The main trend of recent years is the increase in the uniformity of pollution from vehicles. New housing construction programs and large-scale projects for the transformation of Moscow districts lead to more connectivity in the city’s and at the same time to equalize the density of motor traffic pollution. Administrative decisions of reducing the intensity of traffic in the central areas of the city and the construction of new roads in the peripheral areas of the city also contribute to the reduction of area differentiation of pollution that is a sign of the post-industrial stage of the city’s development.

ГЕНЕЗИС КОНЦЕПЦІЇ СТАЛОГО РОЗВИТКУ ЯК ДИНАМІЧНА РЕАКЦІЯ НА ВИКЛИКИ ІНДУСТРІАЛЬНОЇ ЕПОХИ

The article proves the objective nature of the formation of the paradigm of sustainable development as a response to the challenges of the industrial era. The factors of formation and development of this paradigm from the middle centuries to the modern post-industrial stage of human development have been considered. The author proposed a periodization of the theoretical discourse of sustainable development based on the methodological approach of T. Kuhn. It has been emphasized in the article that according to this approach, the evolution of scientific thought regarding its development can be divided into several stages according to the system of criteria. The first stage in the author's periodization is called the pre-paradigmatic stage, which covers five centuries of the formation of theoretical opinion about the role of resource and environmental factors in the formation of social well-being. The main theories have been analyzed and a conclusion has been made regarding the distinctive features of this stage of the theoretical discourse of sustainable development issues. The author proves that the revolutionary qualitative change in the conceptual understanding by scientists of the processes of interaction of society and the environment at the levels from local to international and global lays the foundations for the second - paradigmatic - stage of development of the concept of sustainable development. The article deeply analyzes the features of this stage. The author also singles out and characterizes the factors of formation of the next stage of the theoretical discourse on sustainable development - the stage of normal science. The article emphasizes the main characteristic of this stage: acquisition of a dominant status by the green economy paradigm in the theoretical discourse. Within the framework of the proposed stage, the following periods are highlighted and characterized: the period of design of the green economy paradigm and the period of formation of its neo-paradigm. The author emphasizes that the main task of forming the neo-paradigm of the green economy is a qualitative update of the concept of sustainable development, the previous version of which did not lead to a solution to the global environmental problem.