Post-industrial Economy Research Articles

Cities of Vanadium: Technological Development and Post-Industrial Transformation in Emalahleni, Nizhny Tagil, and Panzhihua

The paper investigates the trajectories of social and economic development of second-tier single-industry cities specializing in metallurgy of vanadium under the circumstances of post-industrial economy. In the middle of 20th century, a technology of processing titaniferous ore made it possible to use vast deposits of previously unexploited natural resources to produce steel and vanadium. The large integrated steel mills were erected in Witbank (Emalahleni) in South Africa, Nizhny Tagil in Russia, and Panzhihua in China. Being industrial monotowns dependent on mining and metallurgy, these cities were seeking for diversification which could provide sustainable development. Such diversification was generally following two directions: either establishment of belt of smaller technological enterprises and creating section of product with higher added value, or growing the system of industries of culture, leisure, and health. While Emalahleni failed in striving for diversification due to boom in coal industry, which ultimately led to bankruptcy of its steel industry, Nizhny Tagil and Panzhihua remained successful steel-making centers even in 21st century. However, even economic success and focused attempts to diversity city’s economy by means of creative reindustrialization were circumscribed by the cultural and environmental issues caused by the very fact of such industrial survival.

The contribution of digitalization to non-inclusive growth in Japan. A Régulationist perspective on post-industrial dynamics

While inclusive growth has been considered a major characteristic of post-war Japan, this is no more the case since the early 1990s as the country transitioned to a post-industrial economy. This paper seeks to explain that digitalization is a primary drive of growing inequalities in post-industrial Japan and argues for incorporating the digital divide into the investigation of changing economic structures and growth patterns. We mobilize the Régulation theoretical framework, which posits that the impact of technology on growth and inequality regimes is not homogenous across countries and over time. Our empirical investigation combines macro-level data and institutional perspective with case study of the hospitality sector, in line with the Régulationist concept of the ‘anthropogenic’ mode of development. Our major conclusion is that digitalization, in the specific Japanese context, is leading to non-inclusive growth patterns through its effects on the wage-labour nexus, in an idiosyncratic way.

Фермерская модель мира

The article presents the characteristic features of the farmer's picture of the world. Over the course of a long history, it has retained its foundations, determined by the need of people engaged in agricultural work to feel the characteristics of a particular space, protect it and pass on by inheritance not only skills and abilities, but also secret knowledge, legends and traditions about the connection with this particular land. The modern post-industrial economy and the associated management model seek to destroy these connections, to create innovative agro-industrial complexes in the territories occupied by farms, devoid of dependence on the human owner and subordinate to the tasks facing business. This policy, in particular, pursued by the leadership of the European Union, has become the cause of massive farmer protests. At the same time, there is a growing number of people in the world who have environmentally conscious behavior and who, through immersion in farming, strive to get in touch with nature, at least temporarily. The article shows that behind this confrontation between lifestyles, there is a deeper geopolitical gap between adherents of traditional, local and national models of development and supporters of liberal globalization, striving for unification that facilitates the process of global governance. The observed crisis of globalization of this type provides a chance not only to satisfy the socio-economic and political demands of farmers, but also to saturate the farming picture of the world with new images that are in tune with modernity.

Повышение эффективности производственно-хозяйственной деятельности как базовое условие обеспечения международной конкурентоспособности отечественного производства

The importance of production and economic activity increasing efficiency is basic condition for achieving the country technological sovereignty and the international competitiveness of domestic production. Therefore, the conditions of tightening market competition in the post-industrial economy determine the relevance of the presented research. Moreover, the collective West makes serious efforts to restrain the intensity of research and development processes in the Russian Federation. They introduce antiRussian sanctions, including those aimed at limiting the access of domestic enterprises to the latest world scientific developments and technologies and, accordingly, at restricting the sales market for domestic products. Subsequently, the increasing the intensity, effectiveness, and efficiency of domestic enterprises development by enhancement their production and economic activities. The purpose of the research is to identify the issues of improving domestic enterprises operating efficiency as a component of the economic security and country international competitiveness in terms of their effective solutions. Identifying a set of problems allows ones to improve the efficiency of production and economic activity of domestic enterprises. Therefore, the most realistic way to improve their competitiveness, based on increasing labour productivity using the principles of scientific organization of labour, is to increase the profits by reducing the duration of the production and sales cycles. The practical significance of the obtained results concerns with their using by federal and regional authorities for development as so as implement their mechanisms for improving the efficiency of production and economic activity as a basic condition for ensuring international competitiveness of domestic production.

Corruption factors as a problem for security in the digital economy

The article examines the concept of «digital economy», highlights the elements of the digital economy, and determines the relevance of the development of the post–industrial economy. An analysis is carried out of one of the main problems that slows down economic growth and brings losses to the state — corruption. The term «corruption» is explained, and the concept of «corruption factors», their various types and types, which have a significant impact on the economic situation, is also considered. Conclusions are drawn about what gives rise to new corruption schemes. Factors that have a decisive influence on the transformation of the global economic system are identified. Particular attention is paid to anti–corruption policy and the introduction of digital technologies to combat corruption, and preventive measures. The influence of the anti–corruption legal policy of the state is revealed. The digital transformation of the economy is considered within the framework of the program for the development of the digital economy in the Russian Federation until 2035. Corruption indicators in other countries are studied. Statistical data are presented that help to draw a conclusion about the level of the corruption index in the Russian Federation.

КРЕАТИВНЫЕ ИНДУСТРИИ КАК СПЕЦИФИЧЕСКИЙ СЕКТОР СФЕРЫ УСЛУГ

The modern economy is undergoing processes of structural transformation. The economies of developed countries go through these transformations somewhat earlier, and the economies of developing countries - with a time shift. At the same time, one of the general fundamental trends is a decrease in the share of traditional sectors, in particular industry, in the output structure. As a result, there is a transition to a post-industrial economy. The transformation processes do not end there. The quantitatively developing tertiary (service) sector of the economy is also changing its structure. It highlights the creative economy sector, which is based on creative industries. This is a specific sector of the modern service industry. The article analyzes the role of creative industries as a specific sector of the service sector in the context of the transition from an industrial type of production to a post-industrial one. The author emphasizes the influence of creative industries on economic development and innovation, based on an analysis of changes in the structure of employment and the specifics of consumption in developed countries. Particular attention is paid to how the expansion and deepening of creative industries contributes to economic progress, greater innovation and changes in the nature and structure of employment, transforming society as a whole. The article also examines trends in the development of creative industries and their ability to adapt to the rapidly changing conditions of the global market, emphasizing their role in the formation of a model of sustainable economic and social development. The need to strengthen government support for creative industries is pointed out, because they can become one of the key factors in ensuring Russia's competitiveness in a post-normal world.

Предпринимательство как фактор стимулирования экономического развития в постиндустриальной экономике

The article examines the specific characteristics of post-industrial economy, including the increase in the share of services in the structure of GDP and employment, the increasing role of information and technology in the activities of organizations. The presented features of post-industrial economy lead to qualitative changes in the factors of economic development, including entrepreneurship. In this regard, it is necessary to analyze the role of entrepreneurship as a factor of stimulating economic development in the modern post-industrial economy. The research analyzes statistical data on the development of the service sector and service entrepreneurship in Russia and foreign countries. In the process of historical and economic analysis the distinctive characteristics of entrepreneurs of industrial and post-industrial period of economic development are compared. The conclusions about the role of entrepreneurship as a factor of stimulating economic development in modern conditions are obtained.

The concept of «ecological business systems» as a tool for adapting the theory of enterprise development to the conditions of the post-industrial economy

The concept of «ecological business systems» as a tool for adapting the theory of enterprise development to the conditions of the post-industrial economy

Economic growth of the enterprise: modern models and evaluation experience

The aim of the study is the development of theoretical foundations and substantiation of methodological approaches to the definition, evaluation and organizational support of the economic growth of enterprises. The object of research of the article is the processes of enterprise development in the conditions of the post-industrial economy. The subject of the article is theoretical institutions, methodological approaches and applied aspects of evaluating the economic growth of an enterprise. The methodological basis of the study was formed on the basis of a set of general scientific and special principles and methods of scientific knowledge. The scientific results of the article were obtained using the following research methods: analysis and synthesis — to clarify the content of interrelated categories of economic growth of the enterprise; comparison, systematization, generalization, formalization — to determine the concepts of economic growth of the enterprise, development of a methodical approach to its assessment based on the criterion of the quality of capital and appropriate organizational support, financial-economic and VBM analysis - to assess the quality of financial results of capital formation in an enterprises. The article presents the results of a critical analysis of scientific approaches to the assessment of economic growth and features of the concepts and models of organizational growth of mechanistic and organic directions of research are determined. The typology of theoretical approaches to the study of organizational growth in terms of actualization has been improved and emphasis of a valueoriented approach as an independent direction of research, which reveals the content of organizational growth based on organic combination of axiological (management direction) and praxeological (capital direction) aspects of value. In the article, the authors justified the feasibility of using the quality of capital as a criterion for identifying and evaluating the economic growth of an enterprise on the basis of a generalization and study of analytical models for assessing the economic growth of an enterprise and evaluating the economic growth of the enterprise, which allows taking into account the resource-result meaningful nature of economic growth, as well as its qualitative characteristics. Resource aspects of quality are proposed to be define in the aspects of noospheric and functional capacity of capital on the basis of which the possibilities and ways of using the company’s resources are determined. It has been shown that the results of capital formation in terms of economic value, taking into account the interests of not only financial, but also non-financial stakeholders of the enterprise.

Управление знаниями как основа наращивания наукоемких технологий

The article discusses the role of effective knowledge management as a basic component of the activation and build-up of science-intensive technologies in developed countries. The authors analyze the reasons for the strengthening of the role of knowledge in the world economy, as well as determine the range of specific features of knowledge as an economic resource of the post-industrial economy. The article concludes that building up science-intensive technologies and increasing the innovative potential of the leading countries of the world economy is impossible without effective knowledge management. The experience of developed countries demonstrates the correlation between effective knowledge management and the intensification of the generation of innovative ideas, increasing innovation activity and building up science-intensive technologies. Gaining competitive advantages and building up such technologies is impossible without effective knowledge management, which is expressed in the continuous development of knowledge resources, encouraging creativity in work processes and stimulating innovation both at the enterprise and industry levels.

PROBLEMS AND PRIORITIES FOR PREVENTING UNDECLARED LABOUR IN UKRAINE

The purpose of the article is to identify the scale of undeclared labour in Ukraine and to study the problems, principles and prospects of its prevention in unstable socio-economic conditions. Methodology. In line with the EU and ILO methodology, the State Labour Service of Ukraine interprets undeclared labour as legal paid activity that is not fully or partially registered in accordance with the law. Results. Undeclared work plays an important role in the practice of business management and competitiveness stimulation in countries with industrial, neo-industrial and post-industrial economies, which has been developed almost since the middle of the 20th century. The paper proves that undeclared work is a broader concept that includes legalised (both official and manipulative) as well as shadowy mechanisms of its occurrence and functioning. Given the problematic performance by the State Labour Service of Ukraine of its inspection and sanctioning powers, as well as the widespread use of non-standard labour relations (with mediation in the performance of employer functions, outsourcing of auxiliary, service and some specialised personnel to companies), tariff-free remuneration systems encourage numerous manipulations in the area of labour declaration and decent wages. The source of problems with the spread of remuneration systems based on an assessment of the complexity of the work performed and the qualifications of employees, as well as with ensuring decent working conditions for agency (loan, temporary) workers, is the unclear legislative regulation of these systems. Practical implications. The priorities for preventing undeclared labour in Ukraine are: a consistent increase in the share of wages in the structure of production costs; strengthening cross-control over the fulfilment of obligations to pay the minimum wage under the tariff-free and hourly wage systems; and the introduction of a sound methodology for harmonising the minimum wage, the subsistence minimum and other basic social standards linked to them. Value/Оriginality. The expediency of identifying institutionalised and manipulative mechanisms of undeclared labour, their formal and illegal bases is confirmed by the classification of the main forms of undeclared labour used by the EU, ILO and the State Labour Service of Ukraine; this approach will increase the complexity and effectiveness of systemic measures to regulate it (control, mitigation, prevention).

Проблема распределения доходов между трудом и капиталом в современном мире: XX и XXI века

This work is devoted to an attempt to quantify the trends in the distribution of income between labor and capital and assess their compliance with the development opportunities of the modern economy. Trends in the distribution of income between labor and capital were assessed by constructing econometric models of the share of labor compensation in national income and GDP. The resulting models with a high level of confidence showed that in the 20th century in the United States there was a tendency to redistribute income from capital to labor. The main trend in the distribution of income between labor and capital in the 21st century in most countries, including Russia, is the tendency to redistribute income from labor to capital. In countries with predominantly socially oriented economic policies, the main trend in the distribution of income between labor and capital is the tendency to redistribute income from capital to labor. The trend of redistribution of income from labor to capital indicates an undervaluation of human capital. This trend does not correspond to the development possibilities of a modern post-industrial economy and leads to a loss of competitiveness of countries in whose economies this trend is observed. The emerging trend of redistribution of income from labor to capital in modern Russia is the result of a liberal economic policy, does not correspond to the development opportunities of the modern economy and slows down economic growth, and under the conditions of sanctions from unfriendly countries, it threatens economic stagnation.

THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE OPTICAL INDUSTRY OF THE USSR IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE 1940S - MID-1960S UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF TRANSITION TOWARDS LATE INDUSTRIAL MODERNIZATION

The purpose of the research. The purpose of the research work was to study the history of optics as one of the high-tech industries of production and science in the context of the transition to late industrial modernization. The topic is actualized by the modern conditions of the formation of the post-industrial economy and the need for import substitution in the face of sanctions pressure. Results. In the second half of the 1940s - mid-1960s, having carried out re-evacuation and reconversion, the optical and mechanical industry of the USSR expanded its production and scientific base, mastered new types of optical products, and improved optical glass production technologies. The scientific and technological revolution has led to the emergence of new high-tech industries in need of high-tech optical devices (space industry, electronics, photo-film industry). In the second half of the 1940s - mid-1960s. The Soviet industrial modernization in optics was entering its final stage, and the fourth technological order was taking shape, within the framework of which there was a proliferation of conveyor production, laser technology, alignment equipment, and programmable machine tools. By the mid-1960s, the country was well-off in competition with the West in optical technologies, the USSR produced high-precision optical devices for export. The successes of the optical and mechanical industry and science created the prerequisites for the transition of the Soviet Union to a post-industrial economy.

PARADIGM OF FRACTALITY OF URBAN SPATIAL DEVELOPMENT IN CRISIS SITUATIONS

The methodology of spatial development of cities and urbanized territories over a certain historical time has objective reasons to change and it changes. Under the influence of challenges of geopolitical, demographic, social, economic, ecological content, which acquire the characteristics of crisis situations, formulation of new content of spatial planning methodology is carried out. Such processes of formulating the content of the new methodology took place at the beginning of the 20th century under the influence of the industrial revolution, such processes are taking place at the present time, in the era of the post-industrial economy and the digital transformation of society (the fourth industrial revolution). A characteristic feature of the modern situation is the lack of incremental nature of changes, they have acquired the features of non-linear processes, which in turn requires an exponential organization of research in urbanism. In turn, urban planning documentation must be adaptive to these changes. The content of fractal urbanism is revealed on the example of an urban cluster.

Роль человека в постиндустриальной экономике

Introduction. Large-scale processes of informatization development in recent decades determine the need and opportunity to reconsider the role and importance of the human in modern society, determine his place in the modern economic system, and increase his role in the activities of the organization. Theoretical analysis. A review of the main trends in the development of post-industrial economy and its characteristics as a type of society with a predominance of innovative, progressive scientific and post-industrial components in the structure of the economy and a redistribution of the employed population structure from industry to the service sector is carried out. The main factors influencing the increase in the importance of the individual (person) in an organization in the system of post-industrial economy are considered. Results. In post-industrial economy, human capital becomes the key resource, and the role of the human is undergoing significant changes under the influence of technological progress, the growth of knowledge-intensive sectors of the economy, automation and changes in the structure of production. An important factor is the ability to learn, adapt and develop skills that meet the modern requirements of post-industrial economy. The human role does not disappear, it evolves, and its ability to adapt and innovate become determining factors in the success of organizations and economic progress in the post-industrial era.

Class differences in precarity and welfare priorities within Europe’s center-left coalitions

Mainstream European left-wing parties have seen their traditional class base evolve in postindustrial economies. In response, these parties have adjusted their platforms to adopt policies that aim to secure positions for workers in a more volatile labor market through education and training. But how does the electoral appeal of this “social investment” paradigm compare to that of the older welfare paradigm that passively distributes benefits to the poor and inactive? Using cross-country data from two surveys, I find that the policy preferences of industrial workers respond differently to labor market precarity than do those of service sector workers, particularly sociocultural professionals. Further, industrial workers who prefer traditional welfare policies are less likely to vote for the center-left than professionals, even if those professionals hold similar policy priorities. These results help explain the center-left’s recent electoral trends while also highlighting current limitations on building cross-class political coalitions in postindustrial economies.

Earners and spenders, husbands and wives: the affective restraints on women’s labor in high Cold War American sitcoms

ABSTRACT The affective dimensions of labor and the ways in which gendered representations of affect can be deployed as a justification for limiting women’s participation in the workforce constitute a foundational, yet often overlooked, aspect of midcentury American situational comedies. Two American sitcoms—I Love Lucy and The Donna Reed Show—exemplify the connections between women’s participation in the labor force and gendered representations of affect, providing new perspectives on how the imaginary ‘1950s housewife’ foregoes participation in the wage-earning workforce and voluntarily confines herself within the domestic sphere as a result of her actual or perceived affective obligations to her family and community. By positioning Lucy and Donna within an economy of women’s affective responsibilities and the purportedly emotionless mechanization of the incipient post-industrial economy, these sitcoms align labor and affect along an axis of gender that portrays women as obligated to provide free emotional labor for their families, while thereby representing the ‘housewife’ as emotionally unfit for productive waged labor.

СОВРЕМЕННЫЕ МЕТАМОРФОЗЫ СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО СОДЕРЖАНИЯ ТРУДА

This article considers the consequences of the transformation of the market-capitalist system, which are affecting an important aspect of socio-economic relations such as labor, labor relations and human labor motivation. The analysis allows us to talk about significant transformations in the socio-economic content of labor and labor relations during the transition to a post–industrial economy in the 21st century, which are caused by the technological revolution and its achievements, on the one hand, and the consequences of the imposed consumer society, on the other.We have called these transformations, which have a contradictory character, metamorphoses. The main question, which we are trying to find an answer is what is the true essence of the results of these transformations: the gradual liberation of labor from the shackles of exploitation or the emergence of new transformed forms of alienation of labor from its humanistic existence?

ОЭЗ В ПРАКТИКЕ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ ПРОМЫШЛЕННОЙ ПОЛИТИКИ СТРАН ЮГО-ВОСТОЧНОЙ АЗИИ

Increasing the pace of economic growth, attracting investments, and technological develop-ment are considered by governments of developing countries as priority goals. Methods of economic regu-lation, in particular the creation of special economic zones (SEZs) with a set of preferential investment and production conditions are used to this end. This paper analyzes the compliance of the applied model of SEZs with the level of industrial development, and the current stage of industrial development in the coun-try. The hypothesis is that the formation of SEZs in developing countries and the system for evaluating their effectiveness are determined by the level of industrial development and resource availability, as characteris-tics of the industrial development of the economy. The article uses systemic and institutional-evolutionary methodology, and methods of analysis, synthesis, and comparative analysis. The study revealed that at an early stage of industrial development, countries actively attract foreign capital by creating export-oriented zones. Attracting foreign direct investment can increase the pace of economic growth, form an industrial complex, and make qualitative changes in the structure of the workforce. The attractiveness of SEZs for foreign investment depends on the geographical features of the location, the available resources, and the in-frastructure. During the transition of countries to the final stage of industrialization, it is advisable to use a SEZ open to the domestic market, aimed at maintaining the innovation sector and integrating research and production. Maintaining an isolated SEZ export model may increase the vulnerability of the host country to global challenges and slow down the transition to a post-industrial economy.

ОБЗОР СИСТЕМ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО НАЙМА ЖИЛОЙ НЕДВИЖИМОСТИ: ОТЕЧЕСТВЕННЫЙ И ЗАРУБЕЖНЫЙ ОПЫТ

The article presents an overview of the systems of social hiring of residential real estate, considering both domestic and foreign experience. The problem of affordable housing is relevant both in the global and in the Russian context, and the social housing rental system plays an important role in solving it. The research is aimed at a comparative analysis of the development of such systems in the world and Russian experience. The article presents data on the current situation in Russia, notes the lack of affordable housing and imperfections in the organization of the social hiring system. One of the priority and socially significant tasks being solved by the state at the moment is the creation of comfortable living conditions for citizens, providing them with decent housing. Constantly increasing social needs lead to the need for a qualitative change in the structure of the housing market, where one of the ways to solve the issue is to increase the supply of affordable and comfortable housing provided by solvent demand through the introduction of a mechanism for providing social housing. The improvement of the rental housing market system is defined as a necessary condition for building a post-industrial economy, increasing the territorial mobility of the active population, forming new standards of housing quality and the quality of human capital. Successful practices are considered in an international context, including projects from Singapore, France and the USA, which can be an example for development in Russia. The main recommendations for improving the social hiring system include the development of programs for the construction and reconstruction of residential complexes, the establishment of affordable rental prices, and the creation of favorable infrastructure around social housing complexes.