Post-industrial Economy Research Articles

Actual tendencies in the evolution of financial sciences

Abstract Present article places in the center of attention finance as a science, which examines all relations of distributive and redistributive nature between different economic actors related to the formation and use of monetary resources and funds. Finance has a relatively long history of development, with ongoing substantial transformation. The results of generalization of related studies show that there are three periods in the genesis of finance as a science. First is the scientific status. Second - is related to the transition to the scientific process. The third is the scientific or rational. The fourth period is related to the formation of the neoclassical theory of finance. This transformation takes place so far under the influence of a new factor related to the establishment of the post industrial type economy. Equally important was the process of internationalization and then - of globalization. Last has a double impact. On one side, there is the consolidation of the financial system scientifically accepted as the single global vision on different areas of financial sciences. From the other hand, there is the process of adaptation and development of scientific concepts under the influence of new financial and economic conditions imposed by the superlative form related to globalization. The development of the financial sciences is also related to the need to solve a large complex of important problems of a financial nature, which will ultimately lead to the change of the global financial picture.

Interpretation of Value Advantage and Sustainable Tourism Development for Railway Heritage in China Based on the Analytic Hierarchy Process

Railway heritage (RH) conservation protects significant industrial culture and can be instrumental in revitalizing post-industrial economies. China has abundant RH resources needing conservation to ensure their long-term survival. The purpose of this study was to define the value of RH based on an improved value evaluation system, discuss how the results influence RH tourism, and provide proposals for sustainable tourism accordingly. Firstly, the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) was used to evaluate the value of six RH sites from China’s First Industrial Heritage List. Then, the value advantages of the RH sites were analyzed by making comparisons among the six in the view of sustainable development, and the correlative details were interpreted to demonstrate the strengths and advantages of each resource. Finally, recommendations for RH tourism development were put forward based on these value advantages. The findings indicate that analyzing value advantages among similar resources in a competitive setting strengthens conservation and development decisions. Thus, balanced and sustainable development of RH tourism can be accomplished.

Некоторые основные факторы производительности труда в регионах России

The article discusses the questions of identifying and researching factors that providing economic growth and increasing labor productivity in the process of forming the post-industrial economy of modern Russia. It is shown that Russian and foreign research on this subject are largely controversial — a set of factors affecting labor productivity has not been adequately established, in many cases the estimates obtained do not differ from those previously known, turn out to be insignificant or raise doubts about the neglect of methodological norms, or statistically incorrect approaches. The conclusion drawn on the need for additional research based on the use of a new technique, which consists in assessing the coefficients of productivity elasticity using data that vary across all regions of Russia. This article reflects the stage of the study, which tested 10 indicators for the last three years for all regions of the Russian Federation. Because of the analysis, specification matrixes of indicators characterizing the influence of these factors on labor productivity obtained, and the characteristics of their correlation with productivity evaluated by the F-criterion. It is concluded that 6 indicators have a significant correlation. We also analyzed the correlation between the indicators to detect multicollenarity. It is concluded that the following factors have a significant positive effect on labor productivity in the regions of modern Russia: personal computers in organizations, personal computers with Internet access in organizations, personnel engaged in research and development, researchers with advanced degrees. Closely related to these factors are the factors of transport infrastructure and the number of faculty of universities, which can affect labor productivity.

Основные факторы производительности труда в регионах России

The transition to a postindustrial, information, digital economy is capable of ensuring multiple growth in labor productivity. The significance of the process actualizes scientific research in the field of resource support for the development of post-industrial economy in Russia. However, until now, there is an unequivocal opinion on the system of factors of economic growth and increase in labor productivity; research results are often contradictory. To assess the factors determining the productivity of labor, it proposed to study the influence of the provision of regional economies with fixed capital, human and intellectual capital. The importance of infrastructural, institutional, social, innovative factors, inflation processes and participation in foreign economic activity is assessed.

Have Changes in Gender Segregation and Occupational Closure Contributed to Increasing Wage Inequality in Germany, 1992–2012?

AbstractWage inequality continued to increase through the 1990s and 2000s in post-industrial economies. This article contributes to the debate on occupations and inequality by assessing the role of occupational segregation and occupational closure for understanding the increase in inequality. Using employee data for West Germany in 1992 and 2012 and based on decompositions of unconditional quantile regressions the article investigates the contribution of changes in both occupational characteristics to changes in the wage structure. Our findings suggest that both the employment increase in more closed occupations and increased rewards in these occupations have contributed to wage increases across the distribution, especially in the lower half of the wage distribution. Our results further suggest disproportional wage increases in female-dominated occupations at the bottom of the distribution and disproportional wage decreases in male-dominated occupations at the top. If these occupational characteristics had remained at 1992 levels, then 90/10 wage inequality would have been 25 per cent higher in 2012. Thus, changes in occupational characteristics have contributed to wage compression in the observation period.

Weapons of the Chic: Instagram Influencer Engagement Pods as Practices of Resistance to Instagram Platform Labor

This article examines the phenomenon of Instagram influencer “engagement pods” as an emergent form of resistance that responds to the reconfigured working conditions of platformized cultural production. Engagement pods are grassroots communities that agree to mutually like, comment on, share, or otherwise engage with each other’s posts, no matter the content, to game Instagram’s algorithm into prioritizing the participants’ content and show it to a broader audience. I argue that engagement pods represent a response to the material conditions of platformized cultural production on Instagram, where proprietary curation algorithms wrest knowledge and control of the labor process from producers. Cooperative algorithm hacking of this sort, although quite distinct from traditional organizing strategies, responds to the coercive force of the “threat of invisibility” that necessitates constant data production. They represent a collective attempt to exert some control over their “conditions of presence-to-others” and, in so doing, combat precarity and protect wages in the field. In a post-industrial economy where traditional models of labor organizing have struggled to address the conditions of platformized cultural work, I argue that the unusual phenomenon of Instagram engagement pods represents an organic form of worker resistance that responds to the unique conditions of these workers.

Проблема факторов производительности труда в регионах современной России

The transition to a post-industrial — informational, digital economy, which occurs in modern Russia, is capable of providing a multiple increase in labor productivity. In the course of numerous studies of the conditions for the transition to the development of a post-industrial, information economy, certain features of the resource support for the growth of the post-industrial economy have established. However, far, it is not possible to establish with delivery completeness a complex of factors that ensure economic growth and increase in labor productivity in the process of forming a postindustrial economy. The results of research are often controversial. To assess the factors determining labor productivity, it is proposed to investigate the impact of capital, human and intellectual capital, infrastructural, institutional, social, innovative factors, factors associated with inflation and foreign economic activity. At the preliminary stage of the research, the positive impact of the spread of computers with Internet access on 100 workers and the negative impact of electronic document management on labor productivity in the regions of Russia found.

Rebuilding Labor Power in the Postindustrial United States

Workers in the United States have lost their voice (or influence) in Washington and the workplace. Industrial unions are ill-suited to the postindustrial economy, and alternative organs of representation and influence (i.e., “alt-labor”) are trapped in a vicious circle of vulnerability and volatility that limits their likely growth. As a result of this, power is increasingly skewed toward employers and their political allies, who add to labor’s difficulties by eliminating and evading remaining labor protections. The federal government could help to restore a balance of power between workers and employers by establishing and enforcing a robust wage floor: (1) a $15 an hour minimum wage, (2) a nationwide hotline for workers who believe that their rights had been violated (“911 for workers”), and (3) a database that would allow regulatory agencies and worker organizations to rationalize and coordinate labor and employment law efforts. Doing so would produce a positive feedback loop so workers regain their voice on the job and in politics.

Geomorphological Landscape Research and Flood Management in a Heavily Modified Tyrrhenian Catchment

Since the nineteenth century, most urban catchments in Europe have been subject to significant landscape variations. These modifications have been caused by population change and the transition through rural, industrial and post-industrial economies. Land use and rainfall regime changes, together with land use variations, are frequently associated with flood hazard increase. This paper examines geomorphological landscape changes from the nineteenth century to the present day in the Bisagno Valley, Genoa metropolitan area. The Valley is internationally known for its recurring floods: the last events with fatalities occurred in 2011 and 2014. The extent of landscape change and the history of floods were examined by combining scientific data and information from historical maps, written accounts, topographical drawings and photographs. Historical–geographical and geomorphological analyses were used to reconstruct the runoff for three different periods since 1850. Our results demonstrate that geomorphological landscape variations, including modifications of the river bed, and the abandonment of the countryside and terraces are not sustainable and have progressively allowed an increase in flooding, making it necessary to implement sustainable management policies. In particular, specific spatial urban planning and management measures are necessary in order to mitigate flood hazard and vulnerability.

Personnel as a strategic resource of enterprise activity in the conditions of new economy

The basic concepts and rules of new economy, personnel management as a strategic resource of enterprise activity in the new economic conditions, are investigated in the article. The following features of the new economy are highlighted: the formation and active use of dynamic knowledges as a resource for goods, services and infrastructure creation; active introduction of new technologies in all sectors of the economy; intellectualization of goods and services, nature and structure of work; elimination of national and geographical borders; increasing the competition severity in the market for goods and services and the labor market. The purpose of the article is: clarification of the new economy concepts as a management system and its information ecosystem, management contours, target balance of management, formation of correspondence tables for the features of the new economy and changes in personnel management, in the processes of an enterprise human and intellectual capital forming; determination the strategic goals of enterprise development and its personnel management system. The new economy is called the post-industrial economy, which actively uses a new technologies, which, in turn, dynamically change the production of goods and services, forms of management and interaction, contribute to the emergence of priorities for intellectual capital formation. Such an economy is supported by a modern information ecosystem, which is an electronic information environment of organization (enterprise, institution, etc.). An enterprise in a new economy can be considered along such contours of development as: the contours of economic activity; marketing promotion and customer engagement management; network infrastructure; HR-management. Tables of strategic personnel management tools using are proposed taking into account of the new economy features. Obtained results are the basis for the personnel management strategy formation, a target and roadmap for enterprise HR-department activity creation.

Innovation modernization of Ukraine’s economy taking into consideration the EU’s expirience

Introduction. At the beginning of the 21st century, most Western countries, faced with the need to find ways to grow, began to realize that the post-industrial economy can no longer act as a reliable foundation for economic development. It should be noted that Ukraine's place in world innovation processes does not yet match the potential of the country. Lack of funding for research and development, especially fundamental science, will lead to further outflow of highly skilled scientific personnel, loss of prospects for the growth of national competitiveness on world markets of innovative products and irreversible lagging behind developed countries.
 Aim and tasks. The aim of the research is to develop the general provisions of the systematic study of the patterns of innovation development of European countries in the context of global transformations and to justify on this basis the directions of innovation modernization of the Ukrainian economy.
 Results. Three fundamentally different variants of development of economic systems are determined depending on the choice of technological basis of economic growth. The prerequisites for formation of the strategy of innovation modernization of the Ukrainian economy are substantiated, namely: resource support; technological update; institutional support; development of infrastructure and regulatory support; strengthening of business reputation and access to the foreign market; increase of competitiveness of Ukrainian enterprises in the world market of goods and services. The model of innovative modernization of economic development with the account of the experience of the EU member states as a form of private-public partnership with the use of science-intensive technologies (on technological platforms) is offered.
 Conclusions. According to the results, it is determined that the effective system of innovative modernization of the Ukrainian economy has not yet been formed. The following areas are suggested for the urgent directions of solving this problem: fundamental development and theoretical substantiation of the types of public-private partnership; ensuring transparency of the system of stimulation of domestic innovation projects; formation of a stable information field, which includes a set of data on a number of issues that arise (between private, state and mixed structures), as well as in the process of generating and using financial resources for the purpose of innovative development of the domestic economy.

The license to mine: Making resource wealth work for those who need it most

In this concept paper, we will address several critical questions: how can we enhance smart use of precious resources, support environmental sustainability and assist the developing world in their growth process? We put forward a policy framework that can potentially address these three questions and in addition could represent a critical step towards a circular economy eliminating the need for a post-resource discussion.Using precious metals as an example, we present a novel concept that combines policy, business and technological aspects aimed at making efficient use of finite resources and distributing the revenue more evenly. This approach could hence create jobs and eliminate the need of a post-resource discussion for post-industrial economies. Moreover, we will illustrate herein how this approach could be the initial step of the leapfrogging to a post-resource economy with maximized employment. Furthermore, the advance of some emerging technologies, such as block chain and associated smart contracts could be leveraged to track the primary asset being leased.We also note the broader impact on sustainability and economics with the implications of such a model in driving a circular economy, encouraging GDP growth, addressing resource “scarcity” and on the environment.

Possible directions for the development of bio-economy in Irkutsk region

At the present stage of economic development, considerable attention is paid to the bioeconomy in order to ensure sustainable development. Bioeconomics is an economic mechanism for modernizing and building the post-industrial economy, including preservation and development of the bio-resource potential of the Russian Federation. The purpose of this work was to assess possibilities of bioeconomic development in Irkutsk region in terms of the use of renewable forest resources and its contribution to the gross regional product. Irkutsk region has unique forest resources and is one of the most densely forested among the subjects of the Russian Federation. Therefore, the most important specialization of Irkutsk region is the forest industry represented by timber logging, the production of deep processing products (lumber, fibreboard, chipboard, plywood), pulp-and-paper industry. In addition to large timber reserves, the forests of Irkutsk region have a high potential for the use of non-timber resources which can be a significant factor in bioeconomy. This is the preparation of resin; production of non-timber forest resources; preparation of food forest resources and collection of medicinal plants; implementation of activities in the field of hunting; farming; implementation of recreational activities; cultivation of forest fruit, berry, ornamental plants, medicinal plants, etc. The paper analyzed non-timber forest resources of Irkutsk region and determined their contribution to the gross regional product by the example of picking berries, ferns, mushrooms, etc. It is established that approximately 20% of the sale of forest is contribution of non-timber forest resources to the regional economy.

HUMAN RESOURCES AS A FACTOR OF PROVIDING UKRAINE SOCIAL SECURITY SYSTEM IN MODERN CONDITIONS

The purpose of the article is to research and analyze indicators that directly effect on the level of country’s human resources development, and assessment of Ukraine’s rating place among other countries. The following methods of scientific research, such as generalization, comparison and analysis were used to achieve the goal.
 The attention is focused on the fact that in conditions of post-industrial economy, the role of human and its knowledge increase, resulting in implementing the human development concept. This concept is aimed at forming measures to prevent the population impoverishment, unemployment, loss of health by stimulating human development, increasing its role in society, and, at the same time, increasing responsibility to society. The main task of the concept is to ensure the welfare of the person.
 The article shows the comparative assessment of Ukraine’s ranking among other countries according to the human development index and its components. The following indicators such as gross national income per capita, average and expected duration of training, average life expectancy at birth were analyzed.
 It was agreed that economic ability to create and use human resources to a greater extent determines human well-being and is the main criteria for assessing the social security level. Since the background for well-being is income, education, and human health, social security becomes an integrating link between the modern concept of human development and the state social policy. In this manner, everything that reduces welfare, harms a particular person and society as a whole are factors that threaten social security. In this context human resources emerged as a key resource to the state development.

Do makerspaces represent scalable production models of community-based redistributed manufacturing?

This research explores the development of local community-based ‘makerspaces’ as potential scalable forms of redistributed manufacturing (RDM). Makerspaces are rapidly emerging in post-industrial economies and have been identified as a catalyst of local regeneration in urban areas. However, their role in local production systems is limited. There is a gap in the literature, with respect to the evolution of makerspaces and their productive contribution. The purpose of this paper therefore is to identify, classify and examine the different types of makerspaces. Our focus is on the implementation characteristics that enable industrial production activity to take place. First, we used Leximancer (to identify from the literature) three types of makerspace. Second, we then identify five RDM implementation characteristics. The characteristics were integrated together to form the RDM-makerspace implementation model. Third, case studies were purposively selected to test and advance this model. They were subsequently classified as a Type 1 (educational), Type 2 (design) or Type 3 (production) makerspace. Only one of the case studies was classified as a fully evolved Type 3 production space. The findings concur with the literature that makerspaces tend to be primarily Type 1 or Type 2. Finally, the contribution to local production theory is emphasized.

Analysis of the planning of labor organizing resources in post-industrial economy

The main options for choosing the method of selecting specialists are analyzed, which allow to outline the possible activities of the organization according to specific relationships between the supply and demand of the workforce. The possible measures of personnel policy of the organization in the conditions of the information economy are investigated, which makes it possible to determine the activities of the organization to resolve the "demand higher than the offer" situation. The peculiarities of implementation of the program of work of organizations in the field of labor resources in the conditions of postindustrial society is analyzed, which allows to evaluate the possible results from training and involvement of specialists

Организационное развитие бизнес-образования в постиндустриальной экономике (Organizational Development of Business Education in the Post-Industrial Economy)

Russian Abstract: В работе предпринята попытка сформировать научно-практический подход к решению задачи организационного развития российского бизнес-образования при переходе к цифровой экономике с учетом ее основных отличительных особенностей. English Abstract: The paper attempts to formulate a scientific and practical approach to solving the problem of organizational development of Russian business education during the transition to a digital economy, taking into account its main distinguishing features.

PERSPECTIVES AND TENDENCIES FOR DEVELOPMENT OF THE INTERNATIONAL TOURISM

The article examines the most important factors and specifics for the development of international tourism. It is emphasized on the economic side of this phenomenon. International tourism is the most important factor for the economic, spiritual, cultural and political development of a society. Among many foreign and domestic (Ukraine) scientists, who are dealing with the problems of international tourism, we separate the affairs of MA. The emergence of such general tendencies in the whole area of international tourism as an integral part of the world economy is also, by some means, emphasized by the states that compose the tourism industry in that or other country. That is, it is necessary to find properties (inherent) changes in the tourism industry, observing them in the course of the last 2-3 decades. It speaks of the general best characteristic of such development. Tourism appears as a means of an open, accessible travel to human values, cultural heritage, spiritual healing, means of communication, mutual understanding among people, a means of developing the intellect. Tourism, acting as an important segment of foreign trade, which includes import-export service operations, has the specificity of the so-called "invisible export". In the process of organizing tourism, it is important to take into account not only the specifics of the tourist facility, but also the specific cultural needs of tourists from these or those countries. Just as some products differ widely from consumers from different countries, the perception of tourist facilities differs among tourists of different mentality. Thus, world experience clearly shows that the best conditions for the development of the post-industrial economy or economic services are available to countries with a more liberal model of social economic regulation. There are also more specific forms of such influence. The study on the structure of international tourism at sectoral level should begin with an overview of the tourism market itself. The tourism market - is a specific manifestation of the scope of the social and economic relations between producers and consumers of the product itself that unites supply and demand to ensure the process of buying and selling a tourism product. The tourism market has its own specifics.

Integrative Training of Future Engineers to Innovative Activities in Conditions of Postindustrial Economy

The article substantiates the necessity of new priorities and paradigms of innovative engineering activity, changing the role of an engineer and the nature of engineering education. It is demonstrated that the basis of modern technologies is interdisciplinary research that determines the need for integrative training of engineers for innovation. The main characteristics, distinctive features and structure of such activity are given. Based on the qualification levels of future engineers’ and the stages of their professional competencies formation, the requirements for innovative engineers are formulated and a comprehensive approach to the formation of engineering competencies is substantiated. The change of the most important trends in the field of engineering training made it possible to update the main provisions of the classical concept of engineering education. The vector of further development of Kazan National Research Technological University as a university center for technological development of the Republicof Tatarstanin the field of chemical technologies has been outlined.

Improvement of Technological Modernization Using Behavioral Economics

The purpose of this publication is to explain the applying of behavioral economics tools in the process of the technological upgrading of the Republic of Kazakhstan to be implemented. We need to: define the concept of behavioral economics; to reveal and describe in what way tools of behavioral economics may be applied, their nature and impact in the process of technological upgrading on the types of management; to understand and explain three principles of decision-making, the algorithm to make choice by people, profitable and unprofitable choices. Two main types of a feedback are provided and explained: reinforcing and balancing feedback.
 In this article, it is required to find out what solutions are necessary for a post-industrial economy, what is constituted by methodological tools, which are required to implement the accelerated technological upgrading, and the subjects of organizational support of technological change.