Post-industrial Economy Research Articles

Exploring Drivers of Work-Related Stress in General Practice Teams as an Example for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises: Protocol for an Integrated Ethnographic Approach of Social Research Methods.

BackgroundAn increasing shortage of skilled personnel, including medical personnel, has been reported in many postindustrial economies. Persisting and growing trends in absenteeism and incapacity to work due to mental disorders are concerning and have increased political, economic, and scientific interest in better understanding and management of determinants related to the work environment and health.ObjectiveThis study protocol describes an integrated approach of social research methods to explore determinants of work-related stress in general practice teams as an example for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs).MethodsThe methods applied will allow an in-depth exploration of work practices and experiences relating to psychological well-being in general practice teams. An ethnographic approach will be used to develop an in-depth understanding of the drivers of work-related stress in general practice teams. We will combine participating observation and individual interviews with five to seven general practitioners (GPs), and five to seven focus group discussions with the nonphysician staff (3-4 participants per group) in approximately four GP group practices and one single practice in Germany. Data collection and analysis will follow a grounded theory approach.ResultsThe Ethics Committee of the Medical Faculty, University Hospital of Tuebingen, Germany, has approved this study (reference number: 640/2017BO2). Recruitment has commenced with study completion anticipated in mid-2020.ConclusionsThe data from this project will be used in follow-up projects to develop and test an intervention to reduce and prevent work-related stress in GP practices and other SMEs.International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID)DERR1-10.2196/15809

Management mechanism of human capital formation under a postindustrial economy

The article is devoted to the study of unsolved problems of the human capital theory, as follows the determination of the mechanism of human capital formation, methods of economic analysis of its effectiveness and accounting costs for its formation. The authors rely on the approach to the definition of “human capital” generally accepted in the economic theory, in terms of which it is a complex of knowledge and the most important resource for sustainable development of the economy, as well as on the structural and systematic approaches, according to which the components of human contribute to the sustainable development of the economy capital acting in concert with each other. In this setting, the main unit of human capital is the member of the creative class. The authors consider a cost approach as the methodological basis for accounting and evaluating human capital in practice. As the main research methods, the authors use the model-building technique for the formation and accumulation of human capital, special methods of economic analysis and statistics. The theoretical and practical significance of the study lies in identifying the management mechanism of human capital formation and validation of the integrated assessment methods and the methods of accounting the effectiveness of the costs of developing human capital in the enterprise management system, which were tested when measuring the effectiveness of the particular enterprise’s investments in human capital.

Integration and Innovation Determinants of Modern Mining Higher Education Development

The development prospects of Russian industry are defined as a transition to the post-industrial stage of development. It is characterized, on the one hand, by a high share of deep processing of raw materials, mass production of digital products; on the other hand – by the development of a “knowledge economy” and the emergence of technical universities in the place of flagships for innovative development. At present, the integration trend of industry and higher engineering education is deepening, globalization of national educational complexes is ongoing, and international university cooperation is developing. All this has become a part of the production process and education globalization. The university community cannot stand aloof from the all-pervasive process of globalization of social-and-economic relations, the formation of their planetary model. Universities of leading countries are actively integrating both into international educational and business interactions. The entry of Russian corporations into the world markets means the transfer of global requirements for personnel quality training. Special competencies in the post-industrial economy are becoming the determining factor of competitiveness. This is especially true for mining engineers, whose university training in Russia is also carried out in the context of integration of national higher education system in the global educational market.

A systematic approach to understanding the essence of the post­industrial and intellectual economy

Economic science pays much attention to the research of the essence of post-industrial intellectual economy today. Many theoretical approaches to understanding the development process of post-industrial society have been formed in the modern world, but the final concept of modern intellectual socio-economic development does not yet exist. The basis of the formation of a post-industrial and intellectual economy is information, knowledge and creativity — these are modern types of resources that different from monetary, natural, labor and technical resources and which become the basis of the “economy of knowledge”. The basic systems of functioning of the intellectual economy are determined, which are interconnected and important. An intelligent post-industrial economy is formed considering internal systemic relationships between different types of activities at the societal level, human, intellectual capital, innovation activity, intellectual property, at the staffing level and the use of synergy and creativity. Such interaction is considered as a single complex and open system with a significant number of subsystems. The unifying idea of a complex system is a statement based on the use of information and knowledge. Both of each system individually and interconnections have an internal unity of contradictions. This is the unity of contradictions that is a “delta” of progress. The unifying elements of interacting systems are human and goal. All groups of components of the intellectual and post-industrial economy are united by a single object of activity (creative process, knowledge) and have various subjects of activity. For this reason, there is a need for comprehensive research, consider the presence of a single object, as well as various subjects of activity with their own characteristics of their functioning.

The Use of Atypical Forms of Employment with the Aim of Professional Activation of the Unemployed

One hallmark of Polish unemployment regulations introduced gradually from the early 1990s is that apart from protective actions i.e. unemployment benefits they make provision for instruments supporting professional activation of the unemployed. Throughout time the regulations concerning this matter evolved and new forms of support for the unemployed were introduced, taking into account the needs of the changing labour market. The necessity of tackling the challenges of the labour market in post-industrial economy, especially in terms of increasing employment flexibility, led to development and rise in significance of atypical employment forms. Such solutions are also used in encouraging professional activation of the unemployed. This study comprises analysis of three atypical employment practises: part-time employment, telework and temporary employment which apply to the unemployed in accordance with the rules of the Act of 20 April 2004 on employment promotion and on labour market institutions, regulations about job market instruments.

Інноваційна природа облікової політики підприємства в умовах постіндустріальної економіки

The development of the post-industrial economy is inextricably linked with the introduction of innovation. Use the innovation by enterprises leads to the emergence of new accounting objects and, as a result, the need for their reflection in the financial statements. An adequate response to the growing demands of users on the informativeness of the enterprise financial statements is the targeted construction of the enterprise accounting policies. The purpose of the article is to disclose the content and justify the priority of using the innovative accounting policies of the enterprise, which takes into account the emergence of new accounting objects in the post-industrial economy and involves the introduction of innovative accounting techniques to reflect innovation in the enterprise financial statements. The conditions for the formation, change and application of the enterprise accounting policies, which are defined by international and national accounting standards, were disclosed. It was proved that the contradictions between the requirements of optimal information provision for the needs of management and the protection of the interests of external users of financial statements are successfully resolved by introducing an innovative model for the enterprise development and developing within it an appropriate innovative accounting policies. The article presents examples of the consistent application of alternative accounting policies under IFRS and national accounting standards of Ukraine. The characteristic features of the accounting policies for the innovative sphere of the enterprise were determined. The author's vision of the content of innovative accounting policies was presented, which will contribute to a clear disclosure of information on the innovative component of the enterprise in its financial statements. The provisions stated by the author are guidelines for updating the Methodical recommendations on the enterprise accounting policies. The expediency of expanding the list of alternatives to the enterprise accounting policies permitted by international standards was substantiated. According to the author, it will be useful in this case to study foreign experience, in particular of developed countries, in which innovation is the key to the effective development of production and the service sector.

Prospects for the development of the knowledge economy of Ukraine as an actor of the "semi-periphery" of Europe

In the XXI century the economic development of countries depends on the increasing role of the human factor in reproduction processes, as well as on the ability to generate innovative transformations. Therefore, examining the patterns of formation, distribution and functioning of the people's wealth, it can be argued that together with knowledge, human capital forms a new type of economy - the knowledge economy, which is the highest stage in the development of the post-industrial and innovative economy. The subject of research of the article is the formation of the knowledge economy as a new key factor in the development of national economies. The goal of this work is to analyze the factors of development of the Ukrainian economy as an actor of the "semi-periphery" of Europe. Task is to study the state and development prospects of the semi-periphery of Europe on the example of Ukraine. The article uses general scientific methods: the study of the development of economic processes was carried out on the basis of the method of scientific abstraction, general and partial. The most common scientific methods of cognition during this research: historical and logical method, analysis, synthesis, method of quantitative and qualitative comparisons, statistical method, economic and mathematical modeling. The following results were obtained: the statistical data characterizing the level of economic development of the semi-periphery countries of Europe and the state of Ukraine were systematized and analyzed, the coefficient of intra-industry international specialization was calculated. The systemic factors that have the greatest influence on the functioning and progress of the economy of the semi-periphery countries have been determined. The problems that hinder the development of semi-periphery actors on the example of Ukraine are highlighted and ways to overcome the shortcomings are proposed. Conclusions: it is advisable to use the results of the work in the domestic and foreign economic activity of countries as recommendations for determining the priority direction of development.

Modern approaches of development of the hrm system of the enterprise in the conditions of formation of postindustrial economy

Modern approaches of development of the hrm system of the enterprise in the conditions of formation of postindustrial economy

ТУРИЗМ И КУЛЬТУРА КАК ФАКТОРЫ РЕГИОНАЛЬНОГО РАЗВИТИЯ: ПРОБЛЕМЫ ВЗАИМОСВЯЗИ

In the context of the postindustrial economy, the development of the territory is increasingly associated with two keys of territorial resources of the present – culture and tourism. Tourism is a massive sociocultural and socioeconomic phenomenon and one of advanced economic sectors, yielding rather substantial incomes, which are central to the resource for social and economic deve-lopment, ensuring social stability and mutual understanding of people. In this article, the author identi-fies the essential features of tourism and its sociocultural aspects. By way of the fundamental condition of the effective tourism development and the resource of the region development, it is pointed out the assurance of its permanent, seasonally independent character, which can be achieved by attracting culture as a resource of tourist industry. Special attention should be given to the tourism as an object of state cultural politics. The study analyzed the international, federal and regional normative legal documents, which is regulated in the tourism sector. By way of argument it is enumerated the legal documents of the Republic of Crimea. The main problems and prospects are analyzed. The increasing popularity of tourism, as a factor of regional development, is closely connected with culture as an object of tourist interests and wit the key of tourist resources. The author cites the number of problems in local tourism, as one of the foundations, which are indicate the disunity of the tourist industry and the cultural sphere. To solve these problems, it is necessary to envisage the development of mechanisms and to attract extrabudgetary funds, the interac-tion of all departments and social subjects, interested in the development of culture and its usage, as well as a regional development resource, by means of involving cultural heritage objects to the tourism industry. In the conclusion it is emphasized that cultural potential of the regions is not only formed the so-ciocultural identity of the population, but also it is underlined the successful branding of territories and the formation of their positive image, which can affect their tourist attractiveness. At the same time, there is such kind of tourism that allows culture, in the highly profitable sphere, to act not only as an aesthetic resource, but also to make a profit. That is to say that active interaction of tourism and culture of the socioeconomic level of the regions has been risen. The social sustainability has been ensured due to the growth of employment and well-being of the population. The development of trade, as well as transport, construction, food and other spheres, and the development of regional infrastructure are ensued. In addition, the effective attractions of culture, as a resource of tourism, are allowed not only to develop rapidly, but also to stimulate the tourism sector itself and to broadcast the unique cultural resources of the territory in the worldwide space.

Exploring the Experience of the World's Leading Countries in Inclusive Growth as Part of the Post-Industrial Economy: Challenges and Perspectives

The main goal of the article is to study the experience of leading countries in the field of inclusive growth.The article considers the main prerequisites for the emergence of inclusive economic growth in the context of ensuring the interests of all segments of the population of the world community. The importance of introducing inclusive programs in the socio-economic sphere of each country is substantiated as the main prerequisite for ensuring economic security, stability and the development of democratization of society. The basic structure of the inclusive growth of the economy was analysed in terms of its main indicators, which together constitute a comprehensive structure for assessing the level of economic stability and democracy. The numerical values of the main indicators of inclusive growth were considered among the representative countries that have been on the leading positions in the field of introducing inclusive growth in their own economies for more than a year. Specific programs for inclusive growth were reviewed among the countries that were being considered. For clarity, countries from different geographical latitudes and with various established paradigms of economic relations were selected as the countries to be accepted. The article examined the programs of inclusive growth of such countries as Norway, Sweden, China and the United States of America. For each country, the main premises, prerequisites, successes and shortcomings of the implementation of inclusive economic growth programs were identified.

Sustainable Development Management: Actors and Institutions in the Post-Industrial Era

Sustainable Development is a hypothetical development of a society in which human conditions improve and environmental impact is constrained by the regenerative abilities of the biosphere, so that the natural basis of human life is not destroyed. Sustainable development assumes that meeting the needs of present and future generations is maintained in a safe state, and that environmental conservation is an integral part of the development process. The era of post-industrialization is radically changing the nature of human exposure to the environment. Before raising the question about the current state of natural resource complexes, it should be recognized that humanity still faces the problem of geoecology at the national level, as part of the industrial policy of each country separately. In the post-industrial world, in which the goods created in one country are consumed all over the world, geoecological problems go global, where any component of the environment – natural, technological, social - are combined in a single chain of production and consumption. All of the above requires the formation of an effective system for managing sustainable development in the transition from an industrial to a post-industrial economy, with its specific subjects, goals and subsystems.

Новітні форми та національні моделі регулювання фундаментальними науковими дослідженнями

The purpose of the publication is to generalize approaches to understanding the essence of the processes of fundamental scientific research in the context of studying the peculiarities of the use of traditional and modern forms of their regulation, as well as national emphases of administrative administration models in academic fields. The form of public regulation of fundamental scientific research is considered as a means of influencing the subject of regulation on its object, which is embodied in a specific way of exercising powers to streamline the activities of social networks to encourage the desired model for the formation of fundamental cognitive social competences and inclusive competences. Social capital within the functioning of innovation-oriented sociovital ecosystems of the post-industrial economy. The national varieties of neoliberal, conservative-corporatist (continental), social-democratic and paternalistic models of fundamental scientific research optimization in the context of the implementation of the state's socio-economic policy on the regulation of intellectual services markets are studied. The functions of the process of formation and application of forms and models of fundamental scientific research regulation are the constant expansion of public consumption resources and the formation of knowledge-intensive sources of increasing the level of collective welfare; management of the design and structure of the complex of unproduced assets of national wealth, goods produced by the real sector of the national economy/services provided by the social sector of the national economy, tangible and intangible assets with high potential for value added; formation of high-tech services based on the use of basic concepts and meeting consumer expectations in them; development of logically substantiated fundamental scientific theories of formation, updating and use of fundamental scientific knowledge, concepts and sensory-image models of the scientific picture of the world with the possibility of further use in social practice.

Industrial development of the countries of the Eurasian Economic Union in transition to the digital economy

The rapid growth in high-tech production is a key development trend in the modern world industry. However, the situation in the developing countries, as well as in “transition economies” (former socialist countries) differs from the one in developed countries. The economy restructure during the transition “from plan to market” in the post-Soviet states after the collapse of the USSR did not improve the state of the industrial sector in these countries. On the contrary, some industries were lost, economic interregional and intersectoral relations were destroyed when they became sovereign countries. And their foreign trade was reoriented outside the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS) and later the Eurasian Economic Union (EEU). The purpose of the article is to assess the degree of readiness of the EEU and the CIS countries as a whole for the digital transformation of the economy on the basis of an analysis of their innovative and industrial development. The differentiation of the EEU countries by the level of industrial development, as well as the degree of lagging behind global trends in the transition to a post-industrial economy, is revealed. The analysis of the positions of the EEU countries in international rankings showed, that these countries continue to yield to the world leaders in terms of innovation activity and economic development. Today this gap may even widen. Only three countries still correspond to the main trends of world innovative development in the post-Soviet space: Russia, Kazakhstan and Belarus. Others have difficulties in innovative and industrial development.

Kommersiya və dövlət qurumlarında istedadlı idarəetmənin ABŞ və Sinqapur təcrübəsi

According to John Sterling Livingston, the author of the article “Pygmalion for Management” (Harvard Business Review, 1969), managers should protect their most valuable resource of young talented specialists from possible difficulties: lack of professional growth, application and ineffective management. This article discusses examples of successful implementation and application of talent management both in a large private company and at the state level. This work allows us to expand knowledge and analysis in the field of building effective systems for working with managerial talents in different countries, to understand how private and state-owned companies differ in terms of their ability to effectively use the main resource of the post-industrial economy - human talent and abilities.

Вплив еволюційної трансформації соціально-економічної системи на теорію бухгалтерського обліку

Статтю присвячено розгляду впливу трансформаційних перетворень соціально-економічногоустрою суспільства в рамках формування постіндустріальної світової цивілізації на еволюційний роз-виток теорії бухгалтерського обліку.Виявлено причинно-наслідковий зв’язок між аномаліями традиційної теорії бухгалтерськогообліку та зафіксованими фактами або проаналізованими явищами, які їх спричинили і мають ознакитренду, що дозволило виокремити основні три тенденції постіндустріального етапу розвитку суспільс-тва, які визначатимуть загальний вектор розвитку обліку на майбутнє: науково-технічний прогрес, гло-балізація і відношення «людина-природа».Вплив кожної з трьох тенденцій на стан теорії бухгалтерського обліку несе змістовний дуалізм,сприяє еволюційному розвитку та одночасно створює ризики і викликає загрози для існування.Результат взаємодії тенденцій супроводжується «ефектом синергії», який розглядається як су-купний вплив, більший за просту алгебраїчну суму впливів кожної окремої тенденції, та створення які-сно нової тенденції, якої не було раніше.

Social Factors of Sustainable Development of the Industrial Area

The article discusses the key aspects of the influence of social factors of sustainable development of the industrial area in the context of dynamic transformations of the post-industrial economy. An analysis of the readiness of Ukrainian industry to the challenges of future high-tech development has been carried out and key drivers for increasing the productivity of the industrial sector have been identified through the activation of social factors of development at the individual, group, cluster and socially significant levels. The necessity of gradual transition to the creation of industrial enterprises of the new formation, which will act as socially important enterprises on the basis of the application of advanced technologies and innovations, full use of human potential, growth of active enterprises concentration and employment level of the population, development of cross-sectoral and interregional cooperation and partnership, promotion of social cohesion and trust, was noted. According to the results of the study, the synergistic action of social factors of industrial development allows to achieve strengthening of social interaction and consolidation of efforts of all counterparties to overcome crisis phenomena, is expressed in reduction of transaction costs and increase of competitiveness of industrial area, increase of labour productivity and profit growth, understanding the importance of labour in the industry. In this view the article justifies the need to intensify human development, strengthen social ties and social facilitation, deepen socio-economic relations of individual business systems on the basis of trust, cooperation and mutual assistance in the context of achieving the goals of sustainable development for the long term. Keywords social factors of sustainable development, industry of the region, social capital of business systems.

The social potential of industry as a dominant factor in achieving economic sustainability

The article deals with the transformation of the role of industry’s social potential as a determinant of sustainability in the new economy. It also scientifically substantiated the social sources and the functional impact factors. The large-scale and multi-vector changes accompanying the wave-like oscillations of post-industrial economies have been investigated; the leading trends in the development of the social potential of industry have been highlighted. Emphasis is placed on the importance of the social potential of industry in the context of implementing sound structural changes and capacity building of technologically intensive industries, increased human capital productivity, renewal of economic and social infrastructure, achieving general economic and social progress.

Regional and product profile of post-industrial services in the economy of Kazakhstan

The article examines the post-industrial services sector in the economy of Kazakhstan, the state and dynamics of which is a characteristic feature of the modern techno-technological structure in the post-industrial countries of the world. The sector includes information and communication, business and professional services. The authors study the regional profile of the post-industrial services in Kazakhstan and identify the level of centralization of these types of activities in the regions of Kazakhstan, as well as the nature of its dynamics. Using the method of rating assessment and the method of absolute differences to group regions by the volume of the post-industrial services in the medium term, the authors give a qualitative description of the selected groups. Concerning the product profile of the types of activities as a part of post-industrial services, the authors conduct a dynamic analysis of all types of services within three aggregated positions: computer programming services; information services; services in the field of architecture, engineering surveys, technical tests and analysis. The article assesses the characteristics of the dynamics and structure of supply in the markets of these services, the concentration of services in the regions of Kazakhstan. The types of services that are characterized by the absolute and relative growth in all the regions of the country are identified, which makes it possible to draw conclusions about the vector of development of the economy of Kazakhstan as a whole. The main positive trend is the emergence in the first place of the specific gravity and growth rate of engineering services, which generally corresponds to the trend of transition towards the post-industrial economy with its emphasis on services for all the sectors. Since engineering services are complementary to the real sector of the economy, we can positively assess this trend in the development of Kazakhstan.

George Mortimer Pullman, nineteenth century marketer

PurposeGeorge Mortimer Pullman (1831-1897), nineteenth century US luxury rail car entrepreneur, divides opinion. Some commemorate Pullman as a brilliant industrialist, innovator and self-made man. Others view him as a loathsome robber baron, union buster, racist and affront to democracy. This paper aims to demonstrate Pullman’s significant contribution to marketing.Design/methodology/approachHistorical accounts of Pullman are re-examined to highlight his company’s unique adaptation of numerous marketing techniques (consumer research, brand strategy, public relations, product launch, fashion cycle, advertising, product placement and customer service marketing).FindingsPullman’s distinct flair for understanding his market enabled him to develop marketing strategies intertwined with broader cultural changes in ideals and practices. Pullman’s construction of destination tourism met an expanding white middle class desire for recreation and escape from the economic and racial inequality of the city. Pullman’s creed that beauty acted as a civilizing agent spoke to the social norms of leisure class femininity. Constant release of ever-grander rail cars shaped a fashion cycle around which wealthy men’s status competition turned. Pullman pioneered the leasing of luxury to control his best asset: the service of black Porters’.Originality/valueFirst, this paper provides a new perspective on George Pullman, a significant figure in US history. Second, it addresses a common bias in nineteenth century historical accounts that privilege the contribution of men, industrial labor and production and shadow the role of consumption, women and leisure. Third, it challenges the idea of a clean divide between industrial and post-industrial economies by tracing contemporary consumer culture practices to their nineteenth century roots (marketing, destination tourism, brand stories, democratization of fashion, tipping and service with a smile).

Trends in state management of spatial planning

A combination of factors, influencing the spatial regional planning is defined as follows: social stratification, low migration capacity; move into next technological paradigm according to the results of the fourth technology revolution; insufficient accounting of low material intensity of production in post-industrial economy. It has been determined that civil and housing construction defines socio-economic development of territories and the significance of prefabricated construction in modern conditions has been increasing with the application of new construction technologies, as well as advanced materials and structures.