Positive Economic Effects Research Articles

Региональные налоговые инициативы и экономические эффекты от их реализации в регионах Крайнего Севера.

Achievement of sustainable development of the Russian regions against the background of continuing crisis phenomena can be ensured by accelerating economic growth. Preconditions for the intensive development of the regions of the Russian Federation should be created by the state. Conducting an efficient tax policy is recognized as an important and necessary factor of success. For regions of the North and the Arctic, characterized by extreme natural conditions complicating economic activities, and demonstrating unequal levels of socio-economic development, solving the problem is most relevant and requires evaluation of the results obtained in the course of implementation of regional tax initiatives. We grouped the North and Arctic regions by degrees of economic activities. Based on the grouping, economic consequences of implementation of the tax policy in the North and Arctic regions were evaluated. It was shown that regional tax initiatives in terms of granting benefits for tax on profit are characterized by varying degrees of activity. As a rule, the highest tax activities are noticed in the regions with high economic potential but they are not always accompanied by expected positive economic effects. It is caused by a number of factors including imperfect taxation system, activities of export-oriented companied, involved in consolidated groups of taxpayers, operating in the North and the Arctic regions, etc. It was also shown that in some regions of the North and the Arctic conducting a moderate tax policy ensures higher effects of the economic development. It was found out that regional tax initiatives estimated by sums of shortfalls in budget revenues due to provision of tax incentives for tax on profit are less significant and cannot compete with the federal ones.

Home Bio-Waste Composting for the Circular Economy

The consequence of the current economic development model is the generation of large amounts of waste and energy losses. One way to change this negative trend is a more rational use of raw materials reducing the amount of generated wastes. Biowaste, which may be divided into garden and kitchen waste, constitutes the main part of municipal waste. At the household level, it can be managed through composting—the most sustainable way of biowaste management. In this context, this paper aims to assess the economic and environmental effects of implementing the home composting incentive program introduced by one of the municipalities near Warsaw (Poland). The study is based on the estimation of the amount of biowaste generated in the commune, as well as on the number of households with the potential to compost biowastes. The effects of implementing the composting program were evaluated at different participation levels. The cartographic-based methods (GIS) were used in the analyses. Additionally, willingness to accept home composting by residents and its main determinants were examined. The results of the study indicate that the changes in the current household biodegradable waste management model are practicable and generate positive economic and environmental effects. However, the promotion of home composting requires active support from the local authorities, both in the financial dimension and by increasing residents’ environmental awareness.

Economic and regional spillovers of energy efficiency investments in buildings

This paper explores whether the policy of mitigating climate change through energy-efficient retrofitting supports more balanced development or increases regional disparities. The issue is explored through the estimation of the socioeconomic effects of energy-efficient renovation across Croatian regions. The regional input–output model is applied to identify direct, indirect, and induced effects of building retrofit investments on gross value added and employment. In the Croatian case, over three-quarters of the total economic effects of energy-efficient retrofitting is distributed to the more developed region of Continental Croatia. Economic activity in the Adriatic region is strongly dependent on tourism with insufficient local production of the manufacturing products required in energy renovation projects, and a certain proportion of spillover effect of the investment is transferred to Continental Croatia. The positive economic effects induced by retrofit investments are most present in construction, manufacturing, trade, and transport. Results suggest that climatic conditions and regional economic specialisation have an impact on the dispersion of the economic effects of retrofit measures in different regions.

Process Safety Management Quality in Industrial Corporation for Sustainable Development

In recent years, also in connection with Covid-19 pandemics and enforced restrictions, there has been the formation of large industrial corporations gathering separate companies with similar, sometimes complementary production profiles. This evolving trend has brought usually positive economic effects; however, it has also created some integration problems that include the process safety management. The Texas City BP accident in 2005 and its tremendous human and economic losses underlined the obstacles in defining a well-structured corporation process safety management. The main causes of the above-mentioned accident were connected to an inadequate safety culture at the managerial level. Strong leadership and high standards of corporate governance are required to inspire correct safety behavior in the staff. The so-called soft skills become even more important in the Industry 4.0 arena, where the foundation of the whole system is based on an intelligent use and interpretation of data. The importance of this aspect is confirmed by several post-accidental analyses of past events. Although some research on this topic has been already done, it is worth it to dedicate some effort to identifying specific factors which influence the corporate process safety management quality, and, once identified, to assess them. This paper applies the concept of “lessons learnt” for the identification of organizational and managerial aspects worth consideration in process safety management. Based on accident and literature reviews and expert opinions, the aim is to identify the major contributing factors among leadership and safety culture, risk awareness, knowledge and competence, communication, and information and decision-making processes. To self-assess the level of commitment of the top leaders in process safety management, a checklist approach is proposed, combined with a quantitative, weighted evaluation based on the Relative Efficiency Indicator (REI). Positive value of REI may ensure the effectiveness of process safety management in major hazard industries and their appropriate adaptation to the corporation community. The proposed method, which is validated in an actual case study, underlines the importance of an appropriate education, and of a more careful selection of HSE managers.

The impact of a COVID-19 lockdown on work productivity under good and poor compliance.

BackgroundIn response to the COVID-19 pandemic, governments across the globe have imposed strict social distancing measures. Public compliance to such measures is essential for their success, yet the economic consequences of compliance are unknown. This is the first study to analyze the effects of good compliance compared with poor compliance to a COVID-19 suppression strategy (i.e. lockdown) on work productivity.MethodsWe estimate the differences in work productivity comparing a scenario of good compliance with one of poor compliance to the UK government COVID-19 suppression strategy. We use projections of the impact of the UK suppression strategy on mortality and morbidity from an individual-based epidemiological model combined with an economic model representative of the labour force in Wales and England.ResultsWe find that productivity effects of good compliance significantly exceed those of poor compliance and increase with the duration of the lockdown. After 3 months of the lockdown, work productivity in good compliance is £398.58 million higher compared with that of poor compliance; 75% of the differences is explained by productivity effects due to morbidity and non-health reasons and 25% attributed to avoided losses due to pre-mature mortality.ConclusionGood compliance to social distancing measures exceeds positive economic effects, in addition to health benefits. This is an important finding for current economic and health policy. It highlights the importance to set clear guidelines for the public, to build trust and support for the rules and if necessary, to enforce good compliance to social distancing measures.

Monetary growth with the Solow, Tobin, IS-LM/AD-AS, and Dixit-Stiglitz models synthesized

Purpose: This paper is to analyze dynamic interactions between economic growth, capital and wealth accumulation, change in welfare, leisure time, inflation, and inflation policy, and government bond in an economy with monopolistic and perfect competition. It aims to integrate various economic mechanisms in different theories in a comprehensive framework to provide some new theoretical insights into complex of economic interactions with microeconomic foundation. Methodology: The work is a theoretical macroeconomic growth model, synthesizing a few influential mathematical models in modern macroeconomics. The growth mechanism and perfect competition are built on the Solow one-sector growth model. Money and growth with inflation are influenced by the Tobin growth model with money. The modeling of monopolistic competition follows the Dixit-Stiglitz approach. Our approach is also closely related to the IS-LM model and the AD-AS model. Findings: We build the model and simulate it to show behavior of the economic structural change. The system contains a unique equilibrium point. We describe the movement of the economy by simulation. We show the consequences of exogenous shifts in some parameters on the economic development in short-term transition. Implications: We find how monetary variables interact with real variables, whose connections cannot be explained by traditional models within a single framework. It also shows that the government inflation may have positive economic effects in short term, but uncertain consequences in the long term. The uncertainty is due to instabilities of the monetary economy. Originality: This paper makes an original contribution to the literature of growth theory with money by synthesizing some well-known models in a comprehensive analytical framework. The dynamic interactions between variables cannot be explained in the traditional separated approaches.

Research Progress of 'Internet + Dialect' Based on Language Poverty Alleviation and Industry

The diversity of language and its economic effects have been discussed recently. We summarize the existing research on 'Internet + Dialect' from three aspects: language poverty alleviation, language industry and dialect database. Studies have shown the importance of dialect diversity has gradually increased, and its positive economic effects on poverty should be fully utilized. However, there are some limits to connote language poverty alleviation. The problems existing in the language industry need to be solved urgently. Relevant research puts forward corresponding improvement measures. This paper has the following three purposes. First, to put forward the development direction and suggestions for 'Internet + dialect' in policies, platforms and funds. Second, to provide new ideas for targeted poverty alleviation and the establishment of dialect archives. Third, to raise national cultural consciousness and cultural confidence through dialect inheritance.

The Circular Economy: A Study on the Use of Airbnb for Sustainable Coastal Development in the Vietnam Mekong Delta

The concept of the circular economy has become well known for its solution-oriented approach to transforming available resources into a closed-loop resource system. However, in the context of coastal areas, coastal resources seem to be ignored in the tourism production and consumption process. In relation to the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), this article discusses how sharing economy practices may sustain coastal resources through ecotourism, applying a sharing-economy theory that emphasizes changes in the new form—a circular economy—rather than a single traditional Airbnb model or ecotourism model. This study proposes a coastal sustainable development structure model based on the integration between the sharing economy and ecotourism with three modes—positive economic effects, positive economic pressures, and sustainable coastal development—and uses coastal residents’ expectations of their living conditions as moderating factors to investigate the impact of the circular economy on coastal sustainability. We developed a survey-based model that included 303 samples from the indigenous residents of 13 provinces throughout the Vietnam Mekong Delta. The results show that the integration of ecotourism with the Airbnb model has a positive effect on residents’ living conditions, supporting sustainable local development. However, the advancement of technology and residents’ awareness involves barriers to coastal development because the process of modernization is still limited in coastal areas. More specifically, in the case of the Vietnam Mekong Delta, our results suggest that limited technical knowledge and language ability stand as barriers to coastal businesses, showing that the lack of inter-regional connectivity limits the magnitude of local tourism in coastal areas. These findings are useful for assessing residents’ living conditions so that coastal development can work towards poverty reduction. Finally, the establishment and expansion of policies by local authorities can be an indispensable part of coastal economic development by limiting the negative effects of the abuse of natural resources and facilitating family businesses in coastal zones in an effort towards the integration of economic development and social and environmental responsibility.

Pelletization of Compost from Different Mixtures with the Addition of Exhausted Extinguishing Powders

Today, in Europe, there is still no industrial process to favor the distribution of exhausted extinguishing powders (EEP). Extinguishing powders (EP) are the most common extinguishing agents and are composed of very fine particles (90% is less than 0.250 mm, with at least 40% less than 0.040 mm). Illegal processes of disposal or reuse of EEP are currently taking place throughout Europe. In fact, often maintenance companies illegally dispose of and/or reuse spent extinguishing powders with enormous environmental damage. This is partly due to prohibitive costs, of which a large part is due to transport. The demand for fertilizers is increasing; phosphorus is a key raw material, and a possible solution could be mixing it with compost and other organic biomass and agricultural residues. In general, both compost and EEP powder have a low density and can take up a great deal of storage volume, so thickening this compost would help reduce the required storage capacity. Furthermore, a danger represented by the handling of compost and EEP is the dispersion of dust that can potentially carry pathogens and toxic organic substances which, if inhaled, could cause respiratory problems during distribution and handling. The aim of this study was to produce compost pellets using exhausted EP in different formulations and to observe the quality of different compost pellet products with respect to different factors affecting handling, storage, and distribution. For the first time, the pelletizing of EEP with compost was performed successfully using five different blends, each with different properties. The results showed that qualitative variables could be controlled to optimize production efficiency and improve the quality of the finished product depending on the type of distribution, handling, and storage. The five compost mixes could be applied in different agricultural crops as fertilizer. Furthermore, this use of exhausted EP allows for positive ecological and economic effects, avoiding the disposal costs required by specialized companies.

Paydaşların Bakış Açısıyla Muğla İli Sağlık Turizmi

Health tourism is consisted of tourism activities aiming at mental and physical healing in individuals by integrating holiday and treatment services. In addition to changes in tourism understanding and demands of consumers, health tourism develops and spreads in line with advances in science and technology. Aim of this study is to examine health tourism potential of Mugla province from perspectives of health tourism stakeholders, namely the representatives of health institutions, tourism businesses, non-governmental organizations and local government. In this way, it is aimed to determine general thoughts of health tourism stakeholders in Mugla on subject, their status of giving importance to health tourism, practices that can be described within scope of health tourism and their expectations about health tourism. In the research conducted with qualitative research methods, maximum diversity sampling was adopted. Data collected from 19 people using interview technique were analyzed by descriptive analysis. As a result of research, it was determined that health tourism stakeholders attach importance to health tourism and support its development especially due to its positive economic effects. Stakeholders consider that Mugla can’t reach position it deserves due to its deficiencies in infrastructure and superstructure, although they evaluate health tourism potential of Mugla as high. As a result of research, suggestions were provided to relevant practitioners and researchers for sustainable development of health tourism.

DIALECTIC OF HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS AND SKYSCRAPERS AS GREEN SUSTAINABLE BUILDINGS

The low-rise development has always been compatible with Human nature, it has been the dominant trend and it is also compatible with the environment. At the same time, tall buildings, despite their rarity, constitutes an emblem of pride and a symbol of prestige and wealth .The process of constructing very tall buildings or skyscrapers is controversial in all fields. Very tall buildings are harmful to the environment and to their occupants, and from this standpoint there are those who reject them and see that they are an infringement on the environment. The truth is that there cannot be one simplified answer, because there are cases in which tall buildings are needed or justified, and in other cases the construction of tall buildings will become a problem.The balance between the two directions in the sense of when to build very tall buildings and when not to build, is what this research discusses .While there are places where tall buildings should be refrained from, such as areas of heritage value, nature reserves and areas where the sky line is affected, it has been shown that the use of skyscrapers or very tall buildings in some places may be logical and have positive economic and tourism effects, such as high-density city centers and waterfronts, which allows a large number of residents or users to benefit from the economic or visual advantages, also in high-density areas it gives a chance for the presence of open spaces, routes for car traffic and parking. Other places, especially where there is a conflict whether to construct tall building or prevent them, are studied on a case by case basis.Finally, if there is a necessity or a sovereign decision has been taken or a need for the construction of very tall buildings or skyscrapers, then building should be designed in a sustainable manner that reduces the negative and harmful impact on the residents and the surrounding environment, and set standards regulating this.

Breaking the cycle of crime: Promoting the positive social spillover potential of entrepreneurship

Entrepreneurship can result in many positive economic effects, but is it possible that entrepreneurship can also have positive social spillover effects such as helping to reduce crime and violence? This paper explores the question in the context of the city of Baltimore, Maryland, which has experienced a significant rise in violent crime in recent years, as well as the efforts of Innovation Works, an incubator that is attempting to educate, mentor, and fund entrepreneurs within this challenging context. Based on that incubator's insights as well as perspectives from the fields of sociology, psychology, and entrepreneurship, this paper suggests that entrepreneurship can have positive social spillover effects including reduced crime, recidivism, and economic inequality, as well as increased social capital, community trust, and optimism. We examine how incubators can promote positive spillovers, and also provide recommendations for cities and incubators that are struggling in similar contexts to those of Baltimore.

Putting the China-EU comprehensive agreement on investment in context

ABSTRACT This paper reviews the content of as well as the reception of the current state of the planned China-European union Comprehensive Agreement on Investment as per January 2021. Moreover, it forms some expectations regarding its economic effects. Key conclusions are that, in spite of a limited scope of new concessions beyond ones that are realized or planned anyway unilaterally, the agreement will likely boost not only investment but also trade, and it will likely establish a closer political cooperation between China and the European Union. One reason for the positive economic effects is the reduction in uncertainty about the mutually granted concessions for investment. However, further stimulating effects of the very agreement will be possible when accompanying it with concessions on trade in goods and services in the future.

Differences in net fat oxidation, heat production, and liver mitochondrial DNA copy numbers between high and low feed-efficient dairy cows

Improving feed utilization efficiency in dairy cattle could have positive economic and environmental effects that would support the sustainability of the dairy industry. Identifying key differences in metabolism between high and low feed-efficient animals is vital to enhancing feed conversion efficiency. Therefore, our objectives were (1) to determine whether cows grouped by either high or low feed efficiency have measurable differences in net fat and carbohydrate metabolism that account for differences in heat production (HP), and if so, whether these differences also exists under conditions of feed withdrawal when the effect of feeding on HP is minimized, and (2) to determine whether the abundance of mitochondria in the liver can be related to the high or low feed-efficient groups. Ten dairy cows from a herd of 15 (parity = 2) were retrospectively grouped into either a high (H) or a low (L) feed-efficient group (n = 5 per group) based on weekly energy-corrected milk (ECM) divided by dry mater intake (DMI) from wk 4 through 30 of lactation. Livers were biopsied at wk -4, 2, and 12, and blood was sampled weekly from wk -3 to 12 relative to parturition. Blood was subset to be analyzed for the transition period (wk -3 to 3) and from wk 4 to 12. In wk 5.70 ± 0.82 (mean ± SD) postpartum (PP), cows spent 2 d in respiration chambers (RC), in which CO2, O2, and CH4 gases were measured every 6 min for 24 h. Fatty acid oxidation (FOX), carbohydrate oxidation (COX), metabolic respiratory quotient (RQ), and HP were calculated from gas measurements for 23 h. Cows were fed ad libitum (AD-LIB) on d 1 and had feed withdrawn (RES, restricted diet) on d 2. Additional blood samples were taken at the end of the AD-LIB and RES feeding periods in the RC. During wk 4 to 30 PP, H had greater DMI/kg of metabolic body weight (BW0.75), ECM per kilogram of BW0.75 yield, and ECM/DMI ratio, compared with L, but a lower body condition score between wk 4 and 12 PP. In the RC period, we detected no differences in BW, DMI, or milk yield between groups. We also detected no significant group or group by feeding period interactions for plasma metabolites except for Revised Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index, which tended to have a group by feeding period interaction. The H group had lower HP and HP per kilogram of BW0.75 compared with L. Additionally, H had lower FOX and FOX per kilogram of BW0.75 compared with L during the AD-LIB period. Methane, CH4 per kilogram of BW0.75, and CH4 per kilogram of milk yield were lower in H compared with L, but, when adjusted for DMI, CH4/DMI did not differ between groups, nor did HP/DMI. Relative mitochondrial DNA copy numbers in the liver were lower in the L than in the H group. These results suggest that lower feed efficiency in dairy cows may result from fewer mitochondria per liver cell as well as a greater whole-body HP, which likely partially results from higher net fat oxidation.

Backyard Agricultural and Farm Activity as an Option of Socioeconomic and Food Improvement in the Rural Towns of the Municipality of Guasave, Sinaloa

The analysis of the economic problems of the population in Latin America in the face of unemployment and inflation, which have become permanent in these economies, gives rise to the generation of proposals for the solution of social deficiencies, as well as sustainable factors that govern the behavior and culture of production today. The objective was to establish the importance and contribution that backyard activities can have to reach positive socioeconomic and nutritional levels in the rural area of the municipality of Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico. An exploratory analysis was carried out, to diagnose the problem, applying interviews to describe the socioeconomic and backyard perspectives, finding that more than 70% of those consulted carry out this activity in relation to livestock and/or agricultural dynamics. Two variables with positive economic effects stand out: self-consumption and commercialization, which are relevant socioeconomic aspects in the relationship between production and family economy, as well as the promotion of self-employment and preservation of family traditions in rural communities.

When are visitors actually satisfied at visitor attractions? What we know from more than 30 years of research

Visitor attractions (VAs) are very important factors in choosing a tourist destination and have tremendous economic impact, resulting in VAs’ increasing numbers and higher competition. To achieve competitive advantages and positive economic effects for destinations and VAs, research evidence is needed regarding beneficial and operable VA success drivers. Research considers visitor satisfaction (VS) as the key to success. Despite the high managerial relevance of VS drivers, no integrative analytical summary of quantitative-empirical findings in this field is available. To derive empirical generalizations about all VAs and insights regarding specific VA categories, a critical literature review of VS drivers including a meta-analysis based on 61 primary studies reporting 373 VS effects is provided. Based on these findings, detailed managerial implications and avenues for further research are described.

LOCAL PEOPLE'S PERCEPTION AND ATTITUDES ON THE SOCIO-CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF THE SECOND HOMES IN FOÇA

İkinci konutlar, bulunduğu mekânın sosyo-kültürel ve ekonomik yapıları üzerinde çeşitli olumlu etkilere sahiptir. İkinci konutların kent ekonomisi üzerindeki olumlu etkilerinin dışında pahalılaşma, alım gücünün düşmesi, arazi ve konut değerlerinin artması gibi olumsuz etkileri de olabilmektedir. İkinci konutların sosyo-kültürel etkileri çoğunlukla sentez bir kültürün doğması şeklinde meydana gelebileceği gibi iki toplum arasında sosyo-kültürel çatışmaya da neden olabilmektedir. Bu araştırmada, ikinci konutların sosyo-ekonomik etkilerine yönelik Foça’da yaşayan yerel halkın algı ve değerlendirmelerini belirlemek amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma örneklemi, Foça’da yaşayan yerel halk arasından rastlantısal olarak belirlenmiştir. Araştırma, nicel araştırma yöntemi ekseninde gerçekleştirilmiş olup veriler oluşturulan soru kağıtları vasıtasıyla temin edilmiştir. Toplanan veriler IBM SPSS Statistic programı vasıtasıyla analiz edilmiştir. Araştırmada sırasıyla betimsel analizler, keşfedici faktör analizi, güvenirlik ve normallik testleri, T testi ve ANOVA testi uygulanmıştır. Araştırma bulgularına göre Foça’da yaşayan yerel halkın, ikinci konutların ekonomik katkılarıyla ilgili pozitif algıya sahip olduğu görülmesine rağmen sosyo-kültürel açıdan yerel halkın bakış açısının olumsuz yönde olduğu saptanmıştır. Yapılan fark testlerine göre yerel halkın cinsiyetlerine göre ikinci konut algılarının benzer olduğu görülmüştür. Ayrıca katılımcıların yaş, eğitim düzeyi, gelir seviyesi, meslek grubu değişkenlerine göre ikinci konut algılarının farklılaştığı tespit edilmiştir.

Developing a framework for cash transfer programs that foster sustained economic empowerment to reduce sexual risk among adolescent girls and young women: a qualitative study

BackgroundTransactional sexual relationships contribute to a high incidence of HIV infection among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) living in low-resource settings. Cash transfers (CT) are a structural approach to reduce sexual risk behaviors, but their positive economic effects frequently fade after the program ends. We aimed to understand AGYW’s decision-making processes related to sexual, relationship, and financial decisions, in order to design a framework for a CT program that could lead to long-term financial independence and reduced transactional sex among AGYW.MethodsWe conducted qualitative research with AGYW participating in a CT program in Tanzania. Phase one was formative research to understand the context and experiences of AGYW regarding sexual behavior, relationships, and finances. Participants included 36 AGYW (15–23 years old), 15 influencers of AGYW (mothers and male partners) and 10 financially empowered women (FEW – women aged 20–30 with a sustained, reliable source of income independent of their partner). Decisions and decision-making contexts of AGYW that we identified in phase one informed the content of phase two. In phase two we simulated scenarios for decision-making and economic goals with 80 AGYW and 40 FEW, in order to identify key principles or intervention opportunities to guide development of a CT program framework.ResultsThrough phases one and two of our research we identified three key themes in AGYW’s vision of their desired future economic state: 1) positive social image, 2) power balance and respect, and 3) emotional and economic security. An important theme distinguishing AGYW from FEW was that AGYW lacked a vision to build self-agency.ConclusionsOur findings suggest that providing economic resources to AGYW through CT without ensuring self-agency is unlikely to be an effective long-term intervention for economic empowerment. Using these findings we developed a framework for CT programs with three key pillars for developing self-agency: 1) emotional efficacy, to increase AGYW’s perception of rewards associated with developing self-agency; 2) social efficacy, to build constructive relationships and exit negative relationships that inhibit self-agency, and 3) economic efficacy, to help AGYW build a resilient stream of financial resources.

Country diagnostics for low carbon development: Can developing countries pursue simultaneous implementation of the Sustainable Development Goals and the Paris Agreement?

AbstractThe Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) in the 2030 Development Agenda and the Paris Agreement, both agreed in 2015, call for the world to simultaneously address development and climate change. Some researchers argue that the SDGs put more emphasis on the value of economic growth, and if so, it would pose a challenging situation, especially to developing countries considering the nexus among economic growth, energy consumption, and CO2 emissions. In order to understand to what extent the SDGs advancement accompanies CO2 emissions increase, a study is needed to investigate development pathways of various countries during the past decades. This study aims to empirically identify well‐performing countries, in terms of both the SDGs implementation and CO2 emission mitigations, and investigate causes of the difference from the others through the decomposition analysis. The results confirm a good number of well‐performers, particularly among the Latin American and the transition countries. It is found that well‐targeted policy interventions for expanding the essential public services such as health, education, energy, water, and sanitation, are effective for advancing the SDGs. The decomposition analysis shows that the countries which made significant advancements in the SDGs had tangible positive economic growth effects on their per‐capita CO2 emissions. But if policy attention is paid to reduce the energy and carbon intensities, especially in the energy‐intensive sectors, such as the industry, energy, and transport sectors, the increases of per‐capita CO2 emissions can be minimized. Proper private sector engagements are considered effective to this end.

Spatially Explicit Evaluation and Driving Factor Identification of Land Use Conflict in Yangtze River Economic Belt

Regional land use transitions driven by the adaptive reconciliation of existing land use conflict with socioeconomic development can lead to positive economic effects as well as new land use conflict. Although research on land use transition has progressed considerably, limited studies have explored the spatiotemporal dynamic pattern of land use conflict during the land use transition period. Previous evaluation approaches on land use conflict that mainly focus on status or potential conflict lack conflict intensity evaluation during the land use transition process. A new spatially explicit evaluation framework of land use conflict that directly examines three aspects of conflict, namely, ecological and agricultural (EAC), agricultural and construction (ACC), and ecological and construction (ECC) land conflicts based on ecological quality and agricultural suitability, is proposed in this study. The spatiotemporal dynamic pattern and driving factors of land use conflict in the Yangtze River Economic Belt of China in the period of 2000–2018 are evaluated. The results indicated that comprehensive land use conflict (CLUC) intensity slightly decreased by 9.91% and its barycenter showed a trend toward the west during 2000–2018. ACC is the most drastic conflict among the three aspects of conflict. The mean intensity of ACC reduced remarkably by 38.26%, while EAC increased by 33.15% and ECC increased by 28.28% during the research periods. The barycenter of EAC moved toward the east while the barycenter of ACC and ECC moved toward the west. The changes in the intensity and spreading pattern of land use conflict indices demonstrated the changes in the pattern of territorial space development. Total population, population density, per capita GDP, number of mobile phone users, and road density were strong drivers that influenced the land use conflict of territorial space. Multiple policy recommendations including improving territorial space planning and governance ability, and improving land use efficiency, were proposed to manage and resolve the land use conflict of territorial space. The results and conclusions of this study will help improve future regional land use policies and reduce land use conflict.