Civil Position Research Articles

Трансформация гражданственности студенчества в «переломное время» (на материалах фокус-групп и эссе студентов вузов Ростовской области в 2022 и 2024 гг.)

The article analyzes the opinions and civil positions of students of the Rostov region universities in the context of a Special Military Operation and a destructive ideological war of the collective West against the Russian Federation. Based on the materials of the focus group and essays of the Don students in October – November 2022 (8 groups) and in April 2024 (6 groups, 203 essays), the life-forming factors of student youth are described: life, peace, humanism, family and immediate environment, collectivism and mutual assistance, historical memory, small homeland, patriotism. The events and factors that influenced the moral and social state of the Don students are identified: confrontation with existential problems of war and peace, life and death; uncertainty of the future in the context of the inevitability of a Special Military Operation, cultural isolation of Russia, geopolitical risks and transformation of the world order. In the face of an existential choice, there is a rethinking of the value of family, an increase in the role of the immediate circle and small homeland. A targeted state policy of memory, glorification and memorization of the Special Military Operation participants creates the ground for an increase in the role of historical memory, the values of patriotism and citizenship, trust in the authorities and approval of political decisions. The perception of Western values becomes more critical; the severity of anxiety about the cultural, economic, political isolation of Russia is erased. The hypothesis about the existence of two models of citizenship of Russian students was confirmed: a) the first (civic consciousness as public-state patriotism) is associated with factors of sociocentrism, where there is an identity with one's family, ethnic group, small homeland, and civic identity with the Russian state is strengthened, associated with a sense of duty, responsibility and obligation to it; b) the second (global citizenship) is based on the principles of anthropocentrism with guarantees of observance of constitutional rights and freedoms, humanistic values and global citizenship, but without the individual's obligations to the state.

LEGAL IDEAS OF ABAI AND PROBLEMS OF ITS USE IN SOCIETY

The article outlines the need to apply the legal views and ideas of Abai in the development of modern public legal culture, as well as in the protection of human rights, and based on the results of the study, scientific and methodological recommendations are given on the identified problems. The subject of the research work is the development of moral, democratic, human qualities through the ideas of Abai. The article notes that the work of Abay forms the worldview, being, civil position of any person. The article also emphasizes the need to study the works of Abai, which talk about law, law and the rule of law. In the disclosure of the content of the topic, the works of Abai were studied and a comparative analysis of its theoretical foundations for application in the field of law at the present stage was made, and a survey was organized to promote the legal aspects of Abai's works and events of various forms were held, the results of which are analyzed in this article. The results of the research showed the absence of full-fledged, systematic works on this topic. The article discusses the main modern approaches to the study of problems arising from the discussion of Abay's work, as well as the use of traditional and modern methods that affect the change in modern practice of teaching and education. In this regard, recommendations will be given on educating young people in the spirit of justice, patriotism, conscientious work and the development of national and legal culture. To date, it has been determined that in the adoption of high-quality laws, the issuance of fair judicial decisions, as well as the prevention of corruption crimes, the discussion of legal norms, we get a lot from Abay's heritage. For the prevention of offenses in all spheres of society and for the study and application of Abai's legal views, it is necessary to involve specialists in the field of law along with teachers. As a result of the work, it was concluded that it is necessary to develop a public legal culture based on the works of Abai.

Resilience and vulnerability of Ukrainians: The role of family during the war

The full-scale russian invasion of Ukraine led to numerous physical and moral challenges. The paper aims to estimate the role of family as a social resilience driver in managing wartime challenges on a regional level. It used the online survey method based on Google Forms and online focus-group interviews in September-November 2022. Household members (1,089 respondents) of Kyiv, Lviv, Zakarpattia, Mykolaiv, Sumy, Chernihiv, and Dnipropetrovsk territorial communities were surveyed. Most respondents generally positively assess Ukraine’s prospects; 59% believe that the situation in the country will most likely improve. During war escalation, 67.2% of respondents waited for family support, and 48.8% helped their relatives, but relying on family support did not increase their safety expectations. In communities that did not increase their activity level in response to the war by one percentage point, the “feeling unsafe” responses increased by 1.8 percentage points, which means that an active civil position is also responsible for feeling safe (other things being equal) and increasing society’s resilience. At the same time, even in wartime, the indicators of social atomization are quite high, as 46.2% relied only on themselves and solved their problems independently, without anyone’s help. Therefore, developing family relations is one of the effective mechanisms for raising internal human resources to manage wartime challenges. AcknowledgmentThis study was supported by a project “Digital transformations to ensure civil protection and post-war economic recovery in the face of environmental and social challenges” (№0124U000549) and “Economic and energy security of Ukraine in the conditions of war and post-war reconstruction: disruptive technologies for sustainable development” (№0123U103593).

Civil identity of students at a military training center: empirical research experience

Importance. One of the urgent tasks of modern Russian higher education is the development of the civil identity of students. Moreover, particular importance acquires the civil identity of students of military training centers, who, along with the civil one, receive a military specialty and must be ready for professional self-realization in both the civil and military spheres. An analysis of scientific publications in recent years shows that there is not enough empirical research devoted to the study of the civil identity of MTC students, which determined the choice of the topic of our research.Research Methods. The main tools of the empirical research are the standardized methods “Value Survey” (M. Rokeach), the LPO method “Life-Purpose Orientations” (D.A. Leontiev), the author’s modification of the “My Choice” questionary (S.S. Grunshpun), as well as the author’s questionary “The Heroic Past and Present of Russia,” reflecting the specifics of the educational activities of the military training center. Research base: Military training center at SPbSUT The Bonch- Bruevich Saint Petersburg State University of Telecommunications. The sample consisted of 400 male students aged 19 to 23 years (200 of the 2nd year students and 200 of the 4th year students).Results and Discussion. A comparative analysis of diagnostics of the civil identity components formedness (motivational, cognitive, behavioral, emotional-evaluative) shows positive dynamics in the change in hedonic motives in the 2nd year to conscious ones in the 4th year. Statistically significant correlations are identified between: “goals in life” scales: the presence of goals that give life meaning and direction and time perspective is associated with cheerfulness (p ≤ 0.05); locus of control – life and controllability of life. The belief that a person (student) is given the freedom to make decisions, control his life, and take responsibility is negatively related to freedom (p ≤ 0.05), positively related to interesting work (p ≤ 0.05); life effectiveness or satisfaction with selfrealization; a change in attitude towards events significant for the state and Russian society, and an awareness of the importance of responsible service to one’s country is identified; increasing the level of knowledge of the history of the Russian state, which is reflected in improving the overall academic performance of students and motivation for further professional self-realization in their chosen specialty.Conclusion. The introduction of a comprehensive program for the development of civil identity of students “To Serve Russia” into the educational activities of the military training center contributes to the development of positive motivation of students to serve the Russian state and society; expanding knowledge and ideas about the heroic past and present of the Russian people; increasing interest in acquiring experience in solving military-professional tasks to ensure the preservation and strengthening of Russian statehood; a positive emotional assessment of events significant for the state and the manifestation of an active civil position in socially significant activities.

Establishing Border Commissariats on the Russian-Chinese Border in the 2<sup>nd</sup> Half of the 19<sup>th</sup> – Early 20<sup>th</sup> Centuries

In the mid-19th century, the Russian government started pushing forward the implementation of a policy to move its population eastward. This was done to strengthen the country’s position in the East and required coordination with China to establish state borders. The legal formalization of the boundaries resulted in the development of new mechanisms of border diplomacy for further interaction between both countries. However, there has been relatively little study of the approaches and tools used in Russian-Chinese diplomacy during this time. This article summarizes the history of establishing border commissariats on the Russian-Chinese border in the 2nd half of the 19th – early 20th century. The study is carried out using the narrative, structural, and functional method, the method of variance, and normative comparison. As a result, it finds out that in the 2nd half of the 19th century, diplomatic functions were shared between the Governor-General, border commissars, and diplomatic officials reporting to the Governor-General. The border commissar was a civil position of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and was represented by a civilian with the rank of state adviser. The Commissioner’s powers were subordinated to and supervised by the Far East region's Governor-General (military position), who overlooked diplomatic relations. Four border commissariats were set up in the Transbaikal, Amour, South Ussuri and Uryankhay regions. The author concludes that there was no unified system of border commissariats. Although the commissars shared professional duties, they acted independently and dealt with foreign policy issues specific to their region. Overall, the commissars' activities helped maintain socio-political stability in the Eastern border regions of the Russian Empire.

Социальное самочувствие российской молодежи в условиях специальной военной операции

The geopolitical situation in which Russia finds itself requires the mobilization of social capital. The younger generation plays an important role in this process. The development of the Russian state depends on the level of young people’s resilience, their ability to act effectively in conditions of uncertainty and great challenges. A special military operation is a kind of a “litmus test” that allows assessing the younger generation’s psychological stability. In this article, the author analyzes the social well-being of young Russians, assessing it as an indicator of resilience and ability to overcome stress. The article is based on the results of an empirical sociological study conducted in February 2023 in ten subjects of the Central Federal District of the Russian Federation, as well as on the territory of the Republic of Crimea. The study was conducted using an online questionnaire. The study sample is quota-based, stratified by gender. The sample size is 960 people, aged 18 to 29 years. The article concludes that a significant part of Russian youth is experiencing emotional decline and a high level of stress, closely related to the conduct of the special military operation. The high level of stress experienced has an impact on young people’s life strategies and behavior. Under the influence of stress, a significant number of young people abandon long-term planning and building their life trajectory. This contributes to the reproduction of dysfunctional social practices (for example, in the field of demography) and also leads to a decrease in interest in long-term state and public projects. An important conclusion is the high level of migration sentiments of Russian youth: 53% of respondents declare their desire to stay in Russia, 47% of respondents either consider leaving the country or do not exclude such an option. According to the author, the dispositions of the younger generation in the conditions of the special military operation are not a manifestation of a civil position, but rather represent the simplest mechanism for coping with a difficult life situation. In this context, the conclusion is made about the low efficiency of socialization institutions in Russia, which are not able to form the competence of resilience and readiness to act in difficult circumstances in young people.

И. С. Панов о предпосылках Казымского восстания

the article is devoted to the study of the Kazym rebellion in the creative work of I. S. Panov. This rebellion and the memory about it have a special place in the ethnic history and modern self-identification of the Ob Ugrians. In the last decade, the historiography of the rebellion, as well as the history of the Soviet North as a whole, has shown interest to the problem of their reflection in the public consciousness of the pre-war era, to the problem of images associated with the process of Sovietization, support for Soviet transformations and resistance to them. In line with this interest is this study of the ideas of the Soviet writer of the “second plan” I. S. Panov, whose creative and personal fate was largely determined by his work on the northern theme and the choice of a civil position in relation to the Soviet transformations and to the Kazym rebellion. Objective: to identify the author’s vision of the causes of the Kazym rebellion in the context of his ideas about Soviet transformations in the North of the pre-war era. 175 Bulletin of Ugric Studies. Vol. 14. № 1 (56). 2024. Research material: works by I. S. Panov (the stories “The War on Kazym. Notes of the Teacher” and “In the Far North”, the novel “The Urman”, short stories), and information of the funds of the United Museum of Writers of the Urals. Results and novelty of the research: using the example of the creative work of I. S. Panov, a supporter of Soviet modernization, the attitude of the writing community to the transformations in the Ob North in the 1930s is presented, combining support for socialist transformations with criticism of “individual disadvantages.” I. S. Panov, at the same time, the supporter of official policy and, in fact, its victim, in his works he combined the exaltation of innovations with silence about the facts of repression. The reasons for resistance to Soviet transformations were reduced to the evil will of enemies and the private mistakes of enthusiasts. Such an interpretation could not withstand a collision with reality, caused a creative crisis and the writer’s refusal to continue writing and literary activity. The heroic death in the war became a kind of atonement for lies in the name of the revolutionary socialist ideals of the reconstruction of the North. Panov’s tragic fate prompts us to turn to the study of the ideological attitudes typical of the pre-war period of Soviet writers who wrote about the North, whose voices made up a noticeable spectrum of the Soviet northern discourse as a whole. The article represents the first experience of understanding the causes of the Kazym tragedy in the works of I. S. Рanov.

PENYIDIKAN TINDAK PIDANA KORUPSI TERHADAP TNI OLEH PENYIDIK KPK

Regarding the polemic regarding the determination of suspects by KPK investigators against active TNI soldiers. The central point is the issue of authority. The authority in question is related to whether or not KPK investigators may carry out investigations and determine suspects against active TNI soldiers. So the researchers proposed a problem formulation; Does the Corruption Eradication Committee have the authority to investigate criminal acts of corruption committed by active TNI while holding civilian positions? The aim to be achieved with this legal issue is to find out and provide scientific information to interested parties. This research is a type of Normative legal research. "According to Peter Mahmud Marzuki, normative legal research is a process of finding legal rules, legal principles and legal doctrines to answer the legal issues faced." The approach is Legislation (Statuta Approach). The analysis is by means of legal interpretation and analytical descriptive. The result is that in a normal view, if the TNI commits corruption while serving as TNI, then it is purely subject to the military justice law. However, if a member of the TNI commits corruption while holding a civil position, then the Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) investigators have the authority to conduct an investigation based on the provisions of article 42, Law Number 30 of 2002 concerning the Corruption Eradication Commission, Jo, law Number 19 of 2019 concerning the second amendment to Law Number 30 of 2002 concerning the Corruption Eradication Commission, article 1 number (4), and article 6. Because it is a connectivity court, investigative authority remains with the Corruption Eradication Commission. The Corruption Eradication Commission (KPK) has the authority to coordinate and control the investigation, investigation and prosecution of criminal acts of corruption carried out jointly by persons subject to military justice and general justice.

CIVIL IDENTITY OF A PERSONALITY: URGENCY OF FORMATION AND DETECTION IN MODERN UKRAINE

The article analyzes features of personality’s civic identity through awareness of relevance of its formation and detection in modern Ukraine. The following methods were used to conduct the research: analysis and generalization of pedagogical and methodical sources in order to identify the range of issues that require scientific and methodical study; methods of comparative analysis, interpretation and generalization of facts; comparative and analytical methods to analyze formation of personality’s civil identity; system analysis for development of ways of forming personality’s civil identity in modern Ukraine. The concepts of "identity", "personal civil identity", "national identity as a component of citizenship", "state identity", "civil and social competences" are characterized. It is noted that civil identity of a personality is related to a person's sense of belonging to a certain state, the signs of which are considered to be presence of citizenship, high level of trust in authorities, fellow citizens, respect, pride for one's own state, patriotism. It is emphasized that the very concept of democracy is inseparably connected with the concept of "civic identity" in the sense that democratic processes in the state, as a rule, depend on the citizens' informed and active civil position. It was found that the markers of civil identity are language (promote Ukrainian the status of the state language, its mandatory use in official sphere, in educational system and mass media activities), state symbols (anthem, flag, coat of arms of Ukraine), calendar of holidays (which honor important events in the history of Ukraine, its outstanding people. Important role of the educational subject "Civil education" in formation of civil competence, which we consider the basis for further formation of personality’s civil identity based on it, has been determined. Fullness of civil competence in the content of 9 branches of education was analyzed, the content was specified through skills and attitudes. Possibilities of educational subjects in formation of civil competence of schoolchildren were represented. Key words: identity, civil identity of a personality, national identity as a component of civil identity of a person, state identity, civil and social compences.

Spiritual Degeneration and Redemption: Exploring Indian Philosophy in T.S Eliot’s ‘The Waste Land’

This study analyzes T.S Eliot's epoch-making poem ''The Waste Land'' to deeply investigate the crises of post-war modern European society manifested in the poem as spiritual degeneration, skepticism, adultery, temptation, mechanism, hypocrisy, anxiety and unfaithfulness. Qualitative method has been applied in the study to collect data and analyze them.The paper also explores the ways of salvation of the crises that are mentioned by the poet as giving, sympathizing and controlling. Moral crises occupy a great position in human civilization in the modern period where man has forgotten all his ethics, spiritual rebirth and even religion. It also examines how modern men and women lead their lives in life-in-death, how they follow their traditional routine and how modernism captures them. Again, the study brings out the moral degradation and its various aspects and argues that T.S Eliot is heavily influenced by Hinduism to find out the way of regeneration that is terribly important for the entire human race.Keywords: Sterility, Anxiety, Frustration, Mechanical Life, Hypocrisy, Salvation

“The Law of the Politics - When Creating Something New, One Should Rely on What Has Been Achieved, Not Diminish the Old”: for the 100th Anniversary of A.M. Kovalev

The study analyzes the contribution of Alexander Kovalev to science and education, who stood at the origins of political science since its institutionalization in Russia. The contours of his general political and philosophical concept of social development are determined, original approaches to the interpretation of the categories “power” and “politics”, the laws of politics and political activity, and a number of basic concepts of political science are reconstructed. The role of A. Kovalev in substantiating the importance of political science, its structure and its place in the system of social and humanitarian sciences is highlighted. His persistent desire to establish the foundations of politics with the way of production of public life is noted and thereby more fully highlight the ideological and methodological aspects of political science knowledge, to link the philosophy and theory of political science with the variety of its instrumental dimensions. A. Kovalev’s interpretation of the problem of interrelation and interdependence of system-wide and individual needs and interests in public life, natural and spontaneous in the political process, the importance of the moral principle in politics is revealed. The question is raised about his development of the problem of the correlation of natural and social, the dialectics of civilizational and formational in social development, the correlation of innovations and traditions in political life, the scientific responsibility of a political scientist. Particular attention is paid to the qualities of A. Kovalev as an organizer of science, teacher and mentor, who educated many dozens and even hundreds of political scientists who confidently took their place in the formation and development of political science in the country. It is emphasized that the scientific merits of A. Kovalev are inseparable from his highly moral civil position, responsibility for the fate of the Motherland.

FIGHTING SPIRIT IN SHALKIIZ'S WORKS

The poetry of the zhyrau grows in importance and value over time. As you go deeper, your mind is filled with new ideas and new knowledge. Syncretism and continuity of thought in his work are revived with time. The research article discusses the manifestation of fighting spirit, continuity in time, versatility in the works of Shalkyiz Tlenshiuly. The words found in the tolgau text are comprehensively analyzed and divided into several parts from a literary point of view. The manifestation of the fighting spirit, its nature and essence are determined. In the research article, for a wide disclosure of the topic, the connection with the martial spirit in the literature of other peoples is also used. The harmony of thoughts and themes between the zhyrau is also described. Literary analyses and comparisons are made to the works in which the fighting spirit is appeared. The uniqueness of Schalkis's work and the accuracy of word usage are also noted. The expression of the fighting spirit and the image of the heroes of the struggle in the poetry of zhyrau are deeply analyzed. We were guided by the civil positions of the character of the work and the author.The syncretism in the works is determined, namely, the actual meaning of passages about struggle, heroism and courage is clarified and confirmed by the opinion of scientists. In general, it is important to study and understand the multifaceted art of zhyrau and their work in the formation of a fighting spirit in war time.

Prosecutor’s Office of Ukraine Under Martial Law: Challenges, Trends. Statistical Data

Background: Introduction of martial law on the territory of Ukraine on 24 February 2022, due to the full-scale invasion of the russian federation1, led to a shift in the emphasis in activity of all public authorities and institutions. They promptly adapted to the challenges brought by the war to ensure continuous functioning of the institutions of key importance for the state. Such include the institution of justice; the Prosecutor’s Office is an integral element of its implementation. During the war, Ukraine gained new experience in the matters of its organization and functional development. It is expected to be useful to anyone interested in the justice system, particularly the Prosecutor’s Office, and for the study of its responses to the extraordinary conditions of the war. The publication is the result of a systematic analysis of the indicators of the Prosecutor’s Office of Ukraine activity within the context of the events caused by the war’s development, which has been taking place for more than one year. This time span allows the authors to draw certain conclusions and highlight trends. The performance indicators of four regional Prosecutor’s Offices, representing the north, south, east, and west of Ukraine, are taken as a basis. This approach is driven by different degrees of military aggression intensity in relation to the various regions, allowing tracing of the relevant correlation between the “territorial factor” and effectiveness of the Prosecutor’s Office’s operation. The study is based on statistical indicators and reports of the Office of the Prosecutor General, data from Kyiv, Odesa, Lviv, and Kharkiv’s regional Prosecutor’s Offices, as well as materials from the Qualification and Disciplinary Commission on Public Prosecutors. Methods: The authors used systematic, statistical, historical, and comparative methods, as well as the method of selective analysis and synthesis of information, ensuring the objectivity and complexity of the study. Actual statistical and empirical data are used for proper argumentation of the conclusions. Results and Conclusions: It was concluded that the activity of the Prosecutor’s Office in Ukraine under martial law is largely determined by the territorial factor. At the same time, the full-scale war became a catalyst for polar phenomena among prosecutors: intensification of the civil position in opposition to the aggressor, professional, and behavioural destructions, which are assessed by a disciplinary body to finalize the prosecutor’s career.

Identity of Christianity and Homeland Defense in Hagiography

Original Georgian martyrologic literary works cover the whole cycle of an old Georgian literature. It dates back to V-XVIII centuries. Primary reasons of the emergence of the Cult of Saints should be found in the New Testament books. Introduction of the "Martyrdom" literary genre in the hagiographic literature was caused by the martyrdom of the Christ and his apostles. Since hagiography is characterised by its syncretism, it does not even lose its actuality or contemporaneousness because of its ideology. Source criticism materials that are abundantly found in “Martyrdom of St.Eustathius of Mtskheta” make an important basis for doing historical and literary studies and making the corresponding outcomes. The literary work provides information concerning the global issues of the epoch, that is crucial for understanding the persona characteristics and strengths of Eustathius. Due to the Imperial policy of Persians, there was an interregnum period in Eastern Georgia. The supreme power of the king was replaced by the Marzban appointed by the Shah (same as the King) of Persians. At that period of time, Georgian Rulers (known as “Mamasakhlisi”) and gentlefolks were beside Persians, though their rights were rather formal and nominal. At such a difficult period, when the Persians dominated Kartli, recognition of Christianity by Eustathius, who was a Persian by descent, was the great bravery and courage. The Martyr for the Christ had also become the defender of our country’s interests. He is considered as a National hero, as martyrdom for the Christ had been associated as devotion to the country. By his actions and decisions, Eustathius was against to the cruel politics of conquerors, and here, exactly, is revealed not only his religious, but also his human, civil positions and attitudes. This position is better reflected in St. Razhden’s actions, who became an ally of the King Vakhtang. As Abo was constantly beside Nerse Eristavi, it is possible to suppose that he even shared his political ideology. Historical background of that period makes Abo’s torture more valuable and meaningful but not only of his torture, even Abo's civil position is completely explicit. By his deeds, he was apparently against the Arab conquerors that is proved by his preaching the Christian religion and his polemical discussions with Amira. In the original Georgian hagiography, authenticity of Orthodox Church for the national identity preservation is emphasized, and the paths of religious and national salvation are also intersected. Therefore, each saint is considered not only a Martyr of the Christ, but also a national hero and a fighter against aggression.

The role of the Sharazurs in administrative and scientific aspects

The research is entitled (Role of Sharazurs in the administrative and scientific aspects) which discusses the role of Sharazoori in the rank and position outside their homeland or we can say the positions they had in the management of government institutions abroad this is due to the strength, ability and intelligence of the people of Sharazur, Because they were capable in terms of administration, such as ambassadors and judges in Syria, in addition to the post of minister in Morocco, as well as the post of governor,The people of Sharazoor had an important position not only in terms of administration but also in terms of science, Talented personalities such as Shams al-Din al-Shahrzuri, who played an important role in the management of the school of al-Qaymri, also received the post of judge, which shows the ability and intelligence of this personality. In addition to the science of the Qur'an, Tafsir, Hadith and jurisprudence, they played an important role, They also played a role in philosophy and logic, so they played a role in Islamic civilization like any other tribe. We can say that they have their fingerprints because they are the only tribe that has been recognized as a tribe abroad, Give them important positions in the country's administration and trust them. The people of Sharazur have been able to record an important position in Islamic civilization in which the great scholars of Sharazur had participated in the development of Islamic civilization in all kinds of religion, politics, administration and science between the fifth and eighth centuries AH.

РЕЛИГИОЗНЫЙ АСПЕКТ В ПОЛИТИЧЕСКИХ КОНФЛИКТАХ

Relevance of the political conflict topic on the background of religious component is related to religious revival that started in Russia in the first half of the 90-ties of the last century, which has been caused by deep social, political, economic, and cultural changes in our society. During those years, religiosity level of the country increased, this enriched the spiritual life but at the same time gave rise to multiple problems. They are expressed in the conflicts among different religionists aggravated by the actively pursued migration policy, development of the global Islam politicization tendency, intensive spread of the new extremist religious movements in the Russian confessional community. Religious disputes, frequently coming with manifestation of aggression, violence and intolerance, often aggravate the social and political tension in the modern society. In such an environment, exploration of the integrating and disintegrating effect of the religion is of high practical importance. Interaction of politics and religion, their priority in shaping public opinion, mutual penetration and confrontation expressed in various life aspects, including personal self-identification, extent of integration into society, civil position and world perception as a whole — all these problems become ever more topical in the context of ever-greater importance of the world religions influence on the present-day inter-ethnic, international, and inter-state relations. The necessity to explore the religious component of the political conflict is explained by the complexity and variety of this phenomenon, availability of multiple internal and external factors affecting intra-confessional and inter-confessional relations. To this end, it is extremely important to analyze consistently the reasons, manifestation forms and ways for prevention of conflicts with religious component, especially in geopolitical context. In view of the foregoing, the articles dwells upon the issues of interaction between politics and religion in the environment of globalization of the modern society with due consideration for the conflict potential in the political sphere related to religious factors.

Михайло Грушевський про українське письменство: просопографічний аспект

In the article the lighted up theme of obituaries of the Ukrainian writers by Mykhajlo Hrushevskyi. The question of terminology is analysed, in particu­lar, understanding of genre of obituary, its typology and setting, interpretation of obituary as prosopographycal genre. Obituaries of the Ukrainian wri­ters written by М. Hrushevskyi are analysed not only as an informative bio­graphic and historical and literary source, but as a document of historical me­mory, that contains own estimations of inheritance of the dead person, private remembrances and reflections, therefore, without regard to narrow enough and utilitarian, and even the ritual theoretical scopes of genre, it can be considered as personality text that represents not only biography and description of creative inheritance of died person but also characteristic of obituarist. Having regard to a scale and weight of personality of Mykhajlo Hrushevskyi, this aspect seems especially interesting and valuable for research of history of Ukrainian literature and development of culture on the whole. Literary criticism of М. Hrushevskyi always lighted through the prism of history and publicism. His deep literary-aesthetic estimations were for him first of all an argument at the search of corresponding place for work of writer in the historical and literary process, and also determination of value of this work for becoming of Ukrainian identities. In obituaries of writers by Mykhaj­lo Hrushevskyi expounded his literature position, his understanding of role of literature for becoming and development of Ukrainian nation, that the historians of literature afterwards will outline as positivism of study of literature wiews: by the basic criterion of estimation of activity of writers to count their contribution to development of national society, their civil position. The special interest is presented also by the estimations of creative inheritance of people about Hrushevskyi wrote. Keywords: Mykhajlo Hrushevskyi, obituaries, prosopography, Ukrainian writers, O. Konyskyj, D. Mordowets, M. Kostomarow, І. Franko, I. Nechuj-Lewytskyj, Lesia Ukrainka.

Medicine and Ethics: Lessons of History

The article reviews in detail various aspects of the activities of doctors in Nazi Germany, Imperial Japan and the “democratic” USA. It is emphasized that at present, more and more attention is being paid to ethical problems related to medical activity, and the presence of strong moral principles in a doctor should be valued as highly as a high level of professional training. It is concluded that the lessons of history must be remembered in order not to return to this terrible past. The current tendency to keep silent about the terrible events of such a recent past must be stopped. The memory of thousands of victims of these inhuman “experiments” must be preserved. The oblivion of this past lies at the heart of the repetition of unsightly, inhumane “experiments” even in the so-called “democratic” countries. And only a steadfast civil position, including that of doctors, will allow avoiding a repeat of this past.

Современный педагог как субъект формирования гражданской идентичности обучающихся

The article discusses the role of a teacher as the subject of the formation of the foundations of students' civic identity. In order to determine the professional and personal characteristics of a teacher, which are necessary for solving the problems of civic education, psychological and pedagogical studies devoted to the definition of the concepts of «identity», «civil identity», «professional and personal portrait of a teacher» have been studied and analyzed. And also, ideas about what features a teacher themselves should have, as a patriot of their profession, conscientious and responsible for the formation of value orientations of the younger generation, are analyzed. The integration of the basic components of the civil position of a teacher has been established: spiritual and moral culture, professional competencies and motivation. Thus, the main components of the teacher's characteristics are revealed, confirming his professional and personal readiness to create the necessary conditions for students to comprehend their «I», as a citizen of Russia. The article substantiates the idea of the leading role of a modern teacher, who is able to act as the subject of the formation of students' civic identity, in an open semi-subjective educational environment. Comparative and integration analysis of the results of scientific-theoretical, methodological works and pedagogical experience in the field of forming the foundations of civic identity among students leads to the conclusion that the social role of the teacher, a priori, is the leading one in solving this educational problem. At the same time, attention is also drawn to the fact that despite numerous studies on this issue, to date, the components of the teacher’s professional and personal readiness to solve the problems of civic education are still poorly understood. It requires further forecasting of the goals and objectives of the teacher training system, as well as constructing models for leveling the professional deficits of teachers in this area of pedagogical activity.

Тұрсынбек Кәкішев публицистикасындағы алаштану мәселелері

The article analyzes and concludes about the study of the problem of Alash studies in the journalism of scientist T.Kakishev, the civil position and personal views of the author in it. The scientist’s writings are dominated by factuality, which considered the circumstances that influenced the development of the opposite view of the idea of Alash in the history and literature of the Soviet period, which has not yet been fully studied. Special attention is paid to research methods in journalistic articles in which the scientist cited statistical data concerning the fate of the slanderous national intelligentsia, which suffered from political ideologies that took place in different periods of national history. Conclusions about the fate of the Kazakh intelligentsia, published in the newspapers «Zhuldyz», «Leninshil Zhas», reveal the scientist in a new light.T.Kakishev pays special attention to the activities of the press when considering the history of literary criticism, a research essay about the journal «Sadak», published by students of the madrasa «Galiya» in Ufa, works from journalistic trips to regional studies, personal study, is a sample of collecting and generalizing, analyzing, forecasting information. The articles of the scientist «Kiyas kisyndar kiyameti», «Kagidaga ainalgan kateler tuzelse», «Ult ziyalylaryn tagdyr-talayy» explain the conclusions concerning the historical event and the political situation of that period, as well as the slanderous statements of the Alash intelligentsia. The article reveals the methods of analysis of works, printed articles on the topic of a scientist who comprehensively investigated the problem of Alash studies.