Portuguese Territory Research Articles

Mental health and undocumented migrants in Portugal

While awaiting resolution of their legal process, undocumented migrants (UM) face several challenges, including limited access to public health care. The purpose of this paper is to survey UM attending a detention centre in Oporto (Portugal) to estimate the prevalence of mental health disorders in this population.,A retrospective chart review was performed with the relevant sociodemographic and clinical data of all UM in the process of coercive removal from Portuguese territory, observed by Doctors of the World, during three years (2014–2016). The Tenth Version of International Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders was used for nosological classification.,In total, 393 detainees were eligible for the study. Most detainees were male (84 per cent) and 76 months was the mean length of stay in Portugal before detention. In total, 29 per cent of detainees were diagnosed with a mental and behavioural disorder. The most prevalent diagnosis was neurotic, stress-related and somatoform disorders (47 per cent). UM with dual diagnosis (28 per cent) led to the articulation with the integrated centres of drug addiction, which provided and monitored opioid substitution therapy. Female UM were more prone to develop any mental and behavioural disorder when compared to men (χ2=7,017; p<0.05).,In total, 9 per cent of the detainees were excluded from this study due to incomplete data on their medical charts. Some detainees presented oppositional behaviour, hostility towards others and refused to be assessed by the medical team. Both situations could have biased the prevalence of mental disorders. Finally, the appropriateness of the western model of mental health disorders (ICD-10) in the study population is controversial, considering the culture-bound phenomenology and syndromes.,This paper identified the most prevalent mental health disorders in UM detained in Portugal. The most prevalent mental health disorders were either stress-related (associated with the detention itself) or related to previous patterns of substance abuse. Given the study outcomes, it is highly recommended to mobilise human and technical resources to provide specialized mental health care to UM at least while detention policies could not be changed.

European Silver Sources from the 15th to the 17th Century: The Influx of “New World” Silver in Portuguese Currency

The circulation trading routes and the characterization of the silver metal used in the European continent in the 15–17th centuries are historical issues that are still open. This study aimed to bring an insight into the silver processed within a chronological framework in the Portuguese territory, relating the analytical data with the known historical information. This investigation developed on 230 high silver coins from two important Portuguese coin collections was based mainly on surface particle-induced X-ray emission (PIXE) analysis, complemented with a few energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) analyses. The silver processed in different timelines was discriminated based on the variation of the impurity contents, namely Au and Bi. European silver with high Au and Hg and low Pb and Bi contents supplied the 15th century chronologies, being replaced at the dawn of the 16th century by a new metal entering the Portuguese capital. This new metal, with low Au and high Bi contents, was probably derived from European argentiferous copper ores. By the end of the 1500s, the Philippine chronologies reveal the newly discovered Potosí silver, identified for the first time based on PIXE minor and trace element surface contents, distinguishable from the European silver in use until 1578 in the Portuguese territory, by Au contents &lt;100 ppm and very low Bi contents.

Grandes incêndios florestais de março, junho e outubro (fora do período crítico) em Portugal continental

Em Portugal Continental, os grandes incêndios florestais não se limitam aos meses de julho, agosto e setembro, quando são mais frequentes, uma vez que também ocorreram imediatamente antes e após esses meses, ou seja, respetivamente em junho e outubro, e, ainda, no mês de março, como o demonstram os mais recentes grandes incêndios registados fora do período crítico, designadamente nos anos de 2011, 2012 e, muito em particular, de 2017. O presente estudo visa averiguar a incidência regional deste tipo de ocorrência no território português, bem como a sua evolução após o ano de 1980 e, ainda, verificar o contributo das condições meteorológicas para estas situações, através da análise da existência de eventuais similitudes nas condições meteorológicas verificadas nos anos mais críticos. Os resultados obtidos mostram que, desde da última década, se verificou um agravamento do risco de incêndio florestal fora do período crítico em Portugal Continental, nomeadamente na região Centro e com particular relevância nos distritos da Guarda e de Coimbra. Este agravamento do risco é, em parte, o reflexo da intensificação de certas condições meteorológicas que se têm vindo a registar desde o início deste século. Por isso, é fulcral que o dispositivo de combate seja ajustado às condições meteorológicas, ou seja, quando se prevê que elas sejam favoráveis à deflagração e à propagação de incêndios florestais no território.

MODELLING THE LAND USE AND LAND COVER CHANGES IN PORTUGAL: A MULTI-SCALE AND MULTI-TEMPORAL APPROACH

The Portuguese territory has undergone a relevant land use and land cover changes (LUCC) over the past decades. The land use and land cover (LUC) datasets revision and new datasets production allow us to understand LUCC over time. This study goes further into this analysis using the most recent LUC datasets, covering the whole Portuguese continental area, from 1990 to 2012 and presents innovative knowledge that helps understanding LUC dynamics within this period. It shows that the trends inducing spatial variation within different LUC classes changed over time, revealing different spatial and temporal dynamics of these LUCC in the Portuguese territory. The main LUCC are related to the reduction of forest and certain types of agricultural areas, and an increase in urban areas, but the main LUCC assume different dynamics when taken at the regional scale (NUTS II). Future tendencies within LUCC are also estimated using CA-Markov, and the results point out the tendency of increase and decrease of the LUC types previously mentioned. The areas of LUC datasets with different properties were compared and large area discrepancies were observed for some LUC classes. These assessments are relevant results for the evaluation and understanding of LUCC and namely for the Portuguese planning process in the near future.

Experiences of discrimination of Portuguese lesbian women in school during their youth

Abstract This study analyses the experiences of discrimination of Portuguese lesbian women in school during their youth. Thirty-one semi-structured interviews were carried out on Portuguese territory with women who self-identify as lesbians. The participant discourses were systematized according to the thematic analysis of qualitative data. The following three main topics emerged from the analysis: (1) (In)visibilities, (2) Homophobia and (3) Reactions. Carrying out this analysis also allowed for the demonstration of existing Discrimination in School Settings (the central organizing concept of this analysis). One of the main study conclusions concerns double discrimination, reflected in double victimization, in association with the participants belonging to a social category, in particular a feminine non-normative sexual orientation. Through omitting the existence of sexual diversity and the lack of information on that subject, the heteronormative school context promotes social exclusion and becomes a potentially unsafe place for young women who self-identify as lesbians. Based on a commitment to social transformation, this study contributes to deepening the critical reflection on the experiences of lesbian women and the processes of exclusion to which they are subjected to in the Portuguese school setting. Simultaneously, the study addresses the main needs and specificities of this social group and thus contributes to the implementation of public policies and the development of critical views fostering diversity and social justice.

On the origin of Goa Cathedral former altarpiece: Material and technical assessment to the work of Garcia Fernandes, Portuguese painter from 16th century Lisbon workshop

Goa Cathedral former altarpiece is one of the oldest set of paintings in India. The seven remaining paintings from the first altarpiece of Goa Cathedral, nowadays in the sacristy, are attributed by some art historians to Master Garcia Fernandes (act. 1514–1565), Portuguese painter from Lisbon workshop. The 16th century was the “Golden age” of Portuguese painting. In this context the Royal Lisbon workshop played a predominant role, where the activity of the painter Garcia Fernandes and his workshop can be distinguished. In this new approach, Goa paintings are being studied and compared with other works in Portuguese territory attributed to this same painter, as St. Bartholomew altarpiece from the chapel of Bartolomeu Joanes in Lisbon Cathedral.The stratigraphic study allowed to compare ground layers, pigments and binders which, were characterized using complementary analytical and imaging techniques: (X-ray Fluorescence spectrometry (XRF), Infrared Reflectography (IRR), Infrared Photography (IRP), Macro Photography (MP), micro-X-ray Diffraction (μ-XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy with Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM-EDS), Raman micro-spectroscopy (μ-Raman), Fourier Transform Infrared micro-spectroscopy (μ-FTIR), Pyrolysis gas chromatography mass spectrometry (PY-GC/MS). This work brought a new insight on the techniques and materials used in this Masterpiece and highlighted the conclusion that Goa Cathedral former altarpiece must be a Portuguese production.

Beyond the Margins: Place, Narratives, and Maritime Circuits in Diu

This article explores the traces of maritime connections across the Indian Ocean in the island of Diu, a Portuguese territory on the Gujarat coast until 1961 with historic privileged contacts with Mozambique. An investigation of the existing heritage materialities is intersected with an ethnographic study of life stories from the Vanza community, once dedicated to weaving. Following other local social groups, the Vanza started migrating to Mozambique at the turn of the twentieth century. The ethnographic findings suggest that crossing different layers of heritages and remains that these circulations left in Diu with life narratives draws us to alternative cartographies of the Indian Ocean world and to a constellation of experiences and sensory worlds that constitute this region.

Competences development and affective Commitment: mediation through employability and moderation by generation.

The main objective of this study is to test the mediating effect of perceived internal employability on the relationship between organisational practices of competences development and affective commitment, and also to test the moderating effect of different generations in this mediation. The sample has 302 participants, who are employees in several organisations based in Portuguese territory. We verified the mediating effect of the employability perception in the relationship between organisational practices of competences development (individualised support and functional rotation) and affective commitment. Regarding the moderating effect of the generations, this effect was verified in the relationship between the organisational competences development practices and the affective commitment in the liaison between the organisational practices of competences development and the perception of internal employability and in the connection between the perception of internal employability and affective commitment. Classification- JEL:

A Terra Sigillata Itálica de Monte Molião, Lagos, Portugal

The extensive archaeological work carried out in Monte Moliao since 2006 has shown a long diachrony of the site between the 4th century BC and the end of the 2nd century. The main building development that took place at the Flavian and Antonine times, concealed widely the previous constructions, namely the Julio-Claudian. Nevertheless, some archaeological data, such as italic terra sigillata, prove the permanence of human communities in Monte Moliao that, since the Iron Age, lived there. The integrated study of this ceramic category, with the classification of ceramic fragments and respective shapes, it was taken into consideration the context of their collection, which enabled a better understanding of the consumption rhythms of the tableware in the beginning of the imperial phase, but also, to admit that the construction of some buildings may fall behind, at least, to the first half of the 1st century. The forms of the ceramic set correspond mainly to the Haltern Service I, despite the Service II being also present, which is not frequent in Algarve or in the rest of Portuguese territory, with the exception of Alcacer do Sal and somewhat Santarem as well.

Geometric Themes in Villae of the Conventus Pacensis

The project of drawing up an inventory of Roman mosaics in the territory of present-day Portugal requires, in the first stage, a methodical consultation of as many existing sources of information as possible, both of the current and of the past centuries. In doing so, trends in the compositional grammar and in the iconographic discourse chosen will gradually be outlined, eventually allowing the individualization of local, regional or even itinerant workshops. In the process of consulting the records of Roman mosaics in Portuguese territory of Lusitania we can identify the existence of geometric mosaics in Roman villae of Alentejo, less known but not less interesting as regards the repertoire of their floors. From some of them - disappeared in the years following their discovery – there is nothing left but the reports of the archaeological campaigns then carried out and one or another photograph or drawing included in them. Largely in very poor state of conservation, the still existing fragments are, today, testimony of a very own decorative syntax.

Évora no contexto da política de proteção às crianças e jovens

O presente texto consiste em uma reflexão sobre a política de proteção às crianças e jovens realizada pelo estado português. O lócus da pesquisa foi a cidade de Évora - Região do Alentejo/Portugal. Trata-se de um estudo de caso de cunho qualitativo cujo método de investigação utilizou como instrumentos de coleta a análise documental e entrevista semiestruturada com sujeitos da área da infância e juventude. A investigação é centrada em uma posição exploratória, uma vez que, procura interpretar os acontecimentos a partir dos atores sociais. De modo imparcial compreender esse meio social. Desse modo, percebe-se um esforço de diversas entidades (governamentais e não governamentais) na busca de instituir uma política de prevenção, monitoramento e assistência às crianças e jovens no território português. No entanto, os dados apontam que as dificuldades econômicas que Portugal tem enfrentado refletem no financiamento da política de proteção social de crianças e jovens.

Convergênciais e dissonâncias entre Luhmann e Bourdieu: os limites operacionais dos conceitos anomia e autopoiesis

Este artigo identifica as principais convergências e dissonâncias metodológicas entre a Teoria dos Sistemas (Luhmann) e a Teoria da Prática (Bourdieu), valendo-se para isso de um contrastivo insight em seus conceitos-chave autopoiesis e anomia. Partindo das reflexões sociológicas-filosóficas de Christian Hartard (2010), o artigo examina criticamente o princípio da recursividade circular perpassando a concepção de sociogênese dos dois autores e o dilema da dupla hermenêutica deflagrado no discernimento emancipador do sujeito. Conclui-se que a recursividade inerente aos dois conceitos construtivista-generativista pressupõe a incorporação de elementos exógenos com capacidade transformatória das estruturas historicamente sedimentadas (Luhmann), respectivamente, dos corpos socializados (Bourdieu), através de processos de diferenciação e distinção, que ocorrem, contudo, dentro de estabelecidas restrições. Ambos autores pleiteiam pelo questionamento crítico do status quo interiorizado pelo sujeito, suscetível de restituir a capacidade de desmascarar as necessidades dóxicas da dupla contingência (Luhmann), respectivamente da legitimação hierárquica disfarçada (Bourdieu), ao observador da terceira ordem.

A hybrid approach for the spatial disaggregation of socio-economic indicators

While statistical information on socio-economic activities is widely available, the data are often collected or released only at a relatively aggregated level. In these aggregated forms, the data are useful for broad-scale assessments, although we often need to disaggregate the source data in order to provide more localized estimates, and in order to analyze correlations against geophysical variables. Spatial disaggregation techniques can be used in this context, to transform data from a set of source zones into a set of target zones, with different geometry and with a higher general level of spatial resolution. Still, few previous studies in the area have attempted to leverage state-of-the-art spatial disaggregation procedures in the context of socio-economic variables, instead focusing on applications related to population modeling. In this article, we report on experiments with a hybrid spatial disaggregation technique that combines state-of-the-art regression analysis procedures with the classic methods of dasymetric mapping and pycnophylactic interpolation. The hybrid procedure was used together with population density, land coverage, nighttime satellite imagery, and OpenStreetMap road density, as ancillary data to disaggregate different types of socio-economic indicators to a high-resolution grid. Our test specifically leveraged data relative to the Portuguese territory, resulting in the production of raster datasets with a resolution of 30 arc-seconds per cell. The article discusses the spatial disaggregation methodology and the quality of the obtained results under different experimental conditions.

Active tectonics in Southern Portugal (SW Iberia) inferred from GPS data. Implications on the regional geodynamics

A GPS-based crustal velocity field for the SW Portuguese territory (Algarve region, SW Iberia) was estimated from the analysis of data from a network of campaign-style GPS stations set up in the region since 1998, complemented with permanent stations, covering an overall period of 16.5 years. The GPS monitoring sites were chosen attending to the display of the regional active faults, in an attempt to detect and monitor any related crustal straining. The residual horizontal velocities relative to Eurasia unveil a relatively consistent pattern towards WNW, with magnitudes that noticeably increase from NNE to SSW. Although the obtained velocity field does not evidence a sharp velocity gradient it suggests the presence of a NW-SE trending crustal shear zone separating two domains, which may be slowly accumulating a slightly transtensional right-lateral shear strain. Based on the WNW velocity differential between the northeastern block and the southwestern block, a shear strain rate accumulation across the shear zone is estimated. This ongoing crustal deformation is taken as evidence that a nearby major active structure, the São Marcos − Quarteira fault, may be presently accumulating strain, therefore being potentially loaded for seismic rupture and the generation of a large magnitude earthquake. Further inferences are made concerning the interseismic dynamic loading of other major onshore and offshore active structures located to the west.

Land betterment capture revisited: A methodology for territorial plans

The main goal of this article consists in the proposal of a developer obligations’ instrument aimed at capturing land betterments that result from planning decisions and from the implementation of territorial plans, reassigning them to public infrastructure, equipment and social purposes. It consists in charging for extra development rights beyond average municipal urban built-up areas. It is founded on a research and consultancy work for the Portuguese Territory Department (a governmental organism) within the scope of the revision of the Land Planning Act and complementary legislation, namely the new Juridical Regime of Urbanization and Edification, and the new Juridical Regime of Territorial Management Instruments. Thus herein are presented the assumptions, methodology, outcomes and conclusions of this work.It is applied − as a case study − to the Detail Plan of Avenue Pope John XXIII, in Fátima (in the Municipality of Ourém, Portugal), but its application is generalizable to other municipalities, and it potentially strengthens their financial status.Considering the current widespread crisis, and taking advantage from the experience of homologous value capture instruments in other countries, the proposed instrument is intended to contribute to strengthen municipal finance. It faces more clearly and objectively the funding of territorial planning and urban development. It further aims at developing understandable, quantifiable and user-friendly decision-support instruments, and at reassigning the betterments engendered by public planning decisions on behalf of communities.This concept and methodology supports the consolidation of the objectives of the new Portuguese Land and Planning Act. It indeed fosters the integration of territorial policies, strengthens effectiveness in plan execution, supports the economic and financial sustainability of urban development operations, and promotes equity as well as social and territorial cohesion.

The Portuguese railway in time and space – mapping phases of growth, stagnation, and decline (1845–2015)

ABSTRACTThis paper aims to analyse the development of the Portuguese railway in time and space, between 1845 and 2015. The development of the railway in mainland Portugal was a subject of interest to several stakeholders, including politicians, private investors, constructors, and the state itself. This article aims to explore what actors were involved in the development of the Portuguese railway, their respective goals and planning mechanisms. Focus is placed on the Portuguese state’s attempts to specifically shape the rail sector in its national infrastructure, while confronting it with the interests of the private initiative. By discussing the transformations seen in the urban and countryside spaces on which the railway network was built, this paper provides an overview of the effects that the railway had on the Portuguese territory and its urban areas. A comparative analysis of the railway system in the past and present reveals that the current layout of the Portuguese railway network does not differ greatly from that of the early twentieth century. Finally, it is shown that the history of the Portuguese railway coincided with different periods of significant socio-economic changes.

Geographical distribution of Culicoides (DIPTERA: CERATOPOGONIDAE) in mainland Portugal: Presence/absence modelling of vector and potential vector species.

Vector-borne diseases are not only accounted responsible for their burden on human health-care systems, but also known to cause economic constraints to livestock and animal production. Animals are affected directly by the transmitted pathogens and indirectly when animal movement is restricted. Distribution of such diseases depends on climatic and social factors, namely, environmental changes, globalization, trade and unplanned urbanization. Culicoides biting midges are responsible for the transmission of several pathogenic agents with relevant economic impact. Due to a fragmentary knowledge of their ecology, occurrence is difficult to predict consequently, limiting the control of these arthropod vectors. In order to understand the distribution of Culicoides species, in mainland Portugal, data collected during the National Entomologic Surveillance Program for Bluetongue disease (2005–2013), were used for statistical evaluation. Logistic regression analysis was preformed and prediction maps (per season) were obtained for vector and potentially vector species. The variables used at the present study were selected from WorldClim (two climatic variables) and CORINE databases (twenty-two land cover variables). This work points to an opposite distribution of C. imicola and species from the Obsoletus group within mainland Portugal. Such findings are evidenced in autumn, with the former appearing in Central and Southern regions. Although appearing northwards, on summer and autumn, C. newsteadi reveals a similar distribution to C. imicola. The species C. punctatus appears in all Portuguese territory throughout the year. Contrary, C. pulicaris is poorly caught in all areas of mainland Portugal, being paradoxical present near coastal areas and higher altitude regions.

A Smart System for Twitter Corpus Collection, Management and Visualization

Social networks have become popular and are now becoming an alternate mean of communication, used to share information on various topics, ranging from politics or sports to simple aspects of everyday life. Twitter messages (tweets) are shared in real time and are essentially public, making them a useful source of information for areas such as tourism, marketing, health, and safety. This paper describes an information system that involves the creation and storage of a corpus of tweets, written in European Portuguese and published within the Portuguese territory. The system also involves a REST API that allows access to the stored information, and a web-based dashboard that makes it possible to analyze and visualize indicators concerning the stored data.

Sobre o início da romanização do Algarve: 20 anos depois

Los trabajos arqueológicos llevados a cabo durante las dos últimas décadas en el sur del territorio portugués han cambiado sustancialmente el cuadro de información disponible para el análisis de la transición entre los finales de la Edad del Hierro y el inicio de la presencia romana en esta región. En este trabajo se pretende presentar una visión actualizada de los elementos arqueológicos que caracterizan estos momentos, interpretándolos a la luz de las nuevas perspectivas que permitan una mejor comprensión del proceso de romanización del territorio actualmente del sur de Portugal.&#x0D; &#x0D; [pt] Os trabalhos arqueológicos realizados durante as últimas duas décadas no sul do território português alteraram substancialmente o quadro de informações disponíveis para a análise da fase de transição entre os momentos finais da Idade do Ferro e o início da presença romana desta região. Neste trabalho procura-se apresentar uma síntese actualizada sobre os elementos arqueológicos que caracterizam esses momentos, procurando simultaneamente interpretar os respectivos dados à luz de novas perspectivas que permitam uma melhor compreensão do processo de romanização do sul do território actualmente português.

Un conjunto de cerámicas áticas inéditas de la Necrópolis de Olival do Senhor dos Mártires (Alcácer do Sal, Portugal)

This paper aims to present a previously unpublished ensemble of eight fragments of attic pottery from the necropolis of Olival do Senhor dos Martires (Alcacer do Sal, Portugal). Taking this material as a starting point, it also addresses the position of this site in the overall framework of the Greek trade with the currently Portuguese territory and particularly the cultural and chronological significance of the Greek material for the analysis of the necropolis’s sequence.