Surface Pore Research Articles

Soft jamming of viral particles in nanopores

Viruses have remarkable physical properties and complex interactions with their environment. However, their aggregation in confined spaces remains unexplored, although this phenomenon is of paramount importance for understanding viral infectivity. Using hydrodynamical driving and optical detection, we developed a method to detect the transport of single virus in real time through synthetic nanopores. We unveiled a jamming phenomenon specifically associated with virus confinement under flow. We showed that the interactions of viral particles with themselves and with the pore surface were critical for clog formation. Based on the detailed screening of the physical and chemical determinants, we proposed a simple dynamical model that recapitulated all the experimental observations. Our results pave the way for the study of jamming phenomena in the presence of more complex interactions.

Nanoplatforms derived from iron dextran combined with ascorbic acid for enhanced photothermal-chemodynamic therapy of tumors

The current limitations of chemodynamic therapy (CDT) are mainly due to the lack of metal ions (Fe2+, Cu+, etc.), glutathione overexpression, and insufficient hydrogen peroxide level in the tumor microenvironment. Here, we constructed a safe and effective nanoplatform (abbreviate as MPCF, M: 4T1 cell membranes; P: polydopamine; C: calcium phosphate; F: iron dextran) for tumor CDT applications based on ascorbic acid and iron dextran, which is clinically used in the treatment of iron deficiency anemia. The MPCF was fabricated by encapsulating iron dextran nanoparticles within porous calcium phosphate nanoparticle carriers and surface modifying with polydopamine and 4T1 tumor cell membranes. The MPCF can efficiently accumulate at tumor sites and gradually degrade to release the encapsulated iron dextran nanoparticles in response to the acidic tumor microenvironment. Intraperitoneally injected ascorbic acid not only generated hydrogen peroxide at the tumor site, but also synergistically acted with endogenous glutathione to reduce trivalent iron ions in the iron dextran to divalent iron ions, leading to depletion of the excess glutathione at the tumor site and amplification of oxidative stress effects. In addition, polydopamine-mediated photothermal therapy (PTT) can further enhance the CDT effect. In vitro and in vivo experiments demonstrated that the combination therapy of CDT and PTT based on the MPCF exhibited effective tumor inhibition and good biosafety properties. Therefore, the nanoplatforms prepared with the clinical drug iron dextran provide a new idea for the design of nanoprobes of tumor therapy with clinical translational potential.

Highly Performing Sodium Metal Batteries Reinforced by a Self-Regulated Dual-Layered Solid Electrolyte Interphase via a Metal-Organic Framework.

Sodium-metal batteries, heralded for high energy density and cost-effectiveness, are compromised by an unstable solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) and dendrite formation, which hinder practical applications. Herein, a zirconium-based metal-organic framework nanostructure coating (ZMOF-NSC) was constructed in a low-loss, flexible manner. Comprehensive studies show that ZMOF-NSC, with its periodically ordered nanochannels and organized pore structures, enhances ion transport and decreases the Na+ migration energy barrier, thus ensuring uniform ion flux and achieving uniform spherical deposition. Additionally, ZMOF-NSC facilitates partial desolvation, catalyzing the formation of an inorganic-rich, dual-layered SEI that effectively protects the anode and suppresses dendrite formation. Consequently, the ZMOF-NSC@Na symmetric battery exhibits an impressive lifespan of over 2500 h, demonstrating extended operational longevity. The Na3V2(PO4)3∥ZMOF-NSC@Na batteries demonstrate exceptional cycling stability with 81% capacity retention after 2000 cycles at 10 C, maintaining stability over 3000 cycles at 20 C. Moreover, the NVP∥ZMOF-NSC@Na battery achieves an energy density of 370 Wh kg-1 and a power density of 10,484 W kg-1, indicating superior durability and performance. This significant finding highlights the significant potential of structured MOFs to induce a dual-layered SEI, advancing the commercialization of durable, dendrite-free sodium metal batteries. The precise design of self-assembled pore structures and surface active sites in MOFs demonstrates significant potential in advancing the commercialization of durable, dendrite-free electrodes of metal-based rechargeable batteries.

Improving Biochar Properties through Liquid-Phase Exfoliation of Onion Peel Biochar Doped with Chicken Feathers

In recent decades, heightened environmental awareness has spurred a global push for innovative waste-to-wealth solutions. This study explores liquid-phase exfoliation as a strategy to enhance biochar properties. By doping onion peels and chicken feathers, hybrid biochar (HBC) was produced using a low-temperature co-carbonization system. Two exfoliation routes, the nitric acid and acetone routes, were compared with the un-exfoliated HBC through material characterization. Material characterization revealed distinct morphological features and a range of functional groups being introduced by exfoliation. It was also observed through the BET analysis that the HBC samples are mesoporous, with the exfoliated HBCs having an enhanced surface area and pore volume. Elemental analysis showcased HBC's fortification, highlighting potential applications such as adsorbents and soil amendments. This investigation shows the efficacy of liquid-phase exfoliation in enhancing biochar surface characteristics, opening avenues for diverse applications.

The effect of SO2 on NH3-SCR reaction synergistic CO oxidation over a Mn-Co-Ti catalyst

Mn–Co–TiO2 prepared using an impregnation method was applied to synergistic NH3-based selective catalytic reduction (NH3-SCR) and CO oxidation in a simulated flue gas. The NO conversion, NO oxidation, and CO oxidation were substantially enhanced after adding 15% Co3O4 to the 20MnTi catalyst. In an NO or NO + NH3 atmosphere, CO oxidation over the Mn–Co–TiO2 catalyst was mainly restrained by the competitive adsorption and formation of sulfate species. In contrast, the NH3-SCR reaction progressed almost unimpeded in a CO atmosphere. A SO2 atmosphere drastically reduced the NO conversion of the catalyst at lower temperatures and almost completely suppressed the oxidation activities toward NO and CO. The amount of remaining NO oxidation (approximately 10%) was primarily contributed by gas-phase oxidation of NO by O2. Next, fresh and SO2-poisoned Mn–Co–TiO2 were characterized using various methods. Results indicated that no conspicuous change occurred in the crystal structure of the samples after SO2 poisoning, but numerous sulfate products were deposited on the catalyst surface. The deposition of sulfate-species byproducts decreased the specific surface area and pore volume of the catalyst and shifted the surface acid sites to a higher temperature range, further reducing the CO oxidation performance. Moreover, the catalytic reaction of CO and NO followed the Eley–Rideal mechanism. Furthermore, the mechanisms through which multicomponent flue gases influence the synergistic NH3-SCR and CO oxidation performance were proposed.

Eggshell membrane and green seaweed (Ulva lactuca) micronized powders for in vivo diabetic wound healing in albino rats: a comparative study

BackgroundNonhealing diabetic wounds are a serious complication associated with extremely lethargic wound closure and a high risk of infection, leading to amputation or limb loss, as well as substantial health care costs and a poor quality of life for the patient. The effects of either eggshell membrane (ESM) and green seaweed (Ulva lactuca) extracts alone or in combination were evaluated for in vivo skin wound healing in a rat model of induced diabetes.MethodsMicronized powders of waste hen ESM, Ulva lactuca, and their 1:1 mixture were prepared using regular procedures. The mechanical, electrical, and surface morphology characteristics of powders were examined using direct compression, LCR-impedancemetry, and scanning electron microscopy. The effect of ESM, Ulva lactuca, and their mixture as compared to standard Dermazin treatments were evaluated on wounds inflicted on male Wistar Albino rats with induced diabetes. Quantitative wound healing rates at baseline and at 3, 7, 14, and 21 days of treatments among all rat groups were conducted using ANOVA. Qualitative histological analysis of epidermal re-epithelization, keratinocytes, basement membrane, infiltrating lymphocytes, collagen fibrines, and blood vessels at day 21 were performed using Image J processing program.ResultsCompressive strength measurements of tablets showed a Young’s modulus of 44.14 and 27.17 MPa for the ESM and ESM + Ulva lactuca mixture, respectively. Moreover, both samples exhibited relatively low relative permittivity values of 6.62 and 6.95 at 1 MHz, respectively, due to the porous surface morphology of ESM shown by scanning electron microscopy. On day 21, rats treated with ESM had a complete diabetic wound closure, hair regrowth, and a healing rate of 99.49%, compared to 96.79% for Dermazin, 87.05% for Ulva lactuca, 90.23% for the mixture, and only 36.44% for the negative controls. A well-formed basement membrane, well-differentiated epithelial cells, and regular thick keratinocytes lining the surface of the epidermal cells accompanied wound healing in rats treated with ESM, which was significantly better than in control rats.ConclusionGround hen ESM powder, a low-cost effective biomaterial, is better than Ulva lactuca or their mixture for preventing tissue damage and promoting diabetic wound healing, in addition to various biomedical applications.

Magnetic pomegranate peels activated carbon (MG-PPAC) composite for Acid Orange 7 dye removal from wastewater

A magnetic pomegranate peels activated carbon (MG-PPAC) nanocomposite (23.46–26.75 nm) was prepared as an effective adsorbent for Acid Orange 7 (AO7) dye removal from wastewater. The effects of impregnation ratio and activation temperatures (600–900 °C) on the specific surface area and pore morphology were studied. BET, SEM, EDX, FT-IR, XRD and VSM are considered the synthesized composite MG-PPAC. The prepared magnetic composite at 700 °C activation temperature and impregnation ratio 1/2 (peels/ZnCl2) exhibited 513.34 m2/g surface area, 0.4025 cm3/g volume of the total pores, and 3.1364 nm mean diameter of the pores. The magnetization saturation, remanence and coercivity of the MG-PPA composite were 14.116 emu/g, 0.50685 emu/g, and 19.705 G, respectively. Also, the composite MG-PPAC was in a super-paramagnetic state at room temperature and could be gathered within 5 S (less than 5 S) with an external magnetic field. The impact of pH, adsorbent dose, initial concentration of adsorbate (AO7 dye), and time of contact have been studied to optimize the removal process. Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models were used to investigate MG-PPAC adsorption behavior for AO7 dye. Applicability of the Langmuir isotherm model demonstrates a monolayer adsorption AO7 dye removal process, and the maximum monolayer capacity (Qm) attained from linear solvation of LIM is 322.58 mg/g. Furthermore, the highest removal was 99.53% at pH 2.25. Also, the adsorption process was tested using like pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order, intraparticle diffusion, film diffusion, and Elovich models. The pseudo-second-order model is well-fitted to the operational data of AO7 dye removal.

Effect of Solvothermal Time to Characteristics and Performance of Photocatalyst Bismuth‐Rich Oxyiodide for Dye Decolorization

AbstractThis study aims to explore how altering solvothermal duration influences the characteristics of the resulting products, spanning crystal structure, band gap energy, morphology, and photocatalytic performance. Bismuth‐rich oxyiodide was synthesized via the solvothermal method by dissolving Bi(NO3)3 ⋅ 5H2O and KI in ethylene glycol. The mixture underwent heating in a Teflon autoclave stainless steel at 120 °C for durations of 6, 12, 24, and 48 hours. Analysis using FTIR revealed the presence of Bi−O and I−O bonds. Diffractograms indicated that all products exhibited traits of Bi4O5I2, with slight traces of Bi5O7I. Distinct band gap energies were observed across the solvothermal durations: 2 eV for 6 hours, 2.08 eV for 12 hours, and 1.89 eV for both 24 and 48 hours, delineating temporal nuances in product properties. Noteworthy, the morphology of the 12 hour variant revealed surface pores, indicative of intricate structural features. Notably, the 12 hour product exhibited the pinnacle of photocatalytic efficacy in methyl orange decolorization under UV light. Furthermore, investigations into photocatalyst mass variations and the inclusion of additional dyes, such as rhemazol black B, further elucidated the robust photocatalytic potential inherent in the B12 variant.

Nitrogen and sulfur co-doped carbonized lignin nanotubes for supercapacitor applications

Carbon electrode material is crucial for the development of electric double-layered supercapacitor in clean energy storage and rechargeable aspects. Although lignin consists the promising biomass based carbon resource for containing higher carbon atom ratio than 60 %, it is still the difficult challenge to precisely tailoring the porous structure characteristics and surface property to facilitate the electrolyte penetration and rapid ion transportation. Herein, the lignin nanotubes (LNT) were successfully synthesized in a convenient molecular self-assembly way, which were subsequently carbonized and activated, with introduction of melamine as nitrogen doping agent, into hetero-atom doped lignin carbon nanotubes (LCNT) as electrode material for supercapacitor. The resultant LCNT exhibit excellent pore structure, and high degree of graphitization. At a current density of 0.5 A/g, the as high specific capacitance as 391.4 F/g was achieved. Furthermore, under symmetric double-layered capacitor electrode systems, the as prepared N, S co-doped LCNT electrode demonstrated a specific capacitance of 28.6 F/g at a high current density of 20 A/g, which presented a practically applicable energy storage efficiency. It has convincingly demonstrate the substantial potential of LCNT as biomass derived carbon materials for electrochemical energy storage devices, positioning them as a promising and competitive candidate for electrode materials.

Microwave-assisted acid treatment for the mineral transformation of chrysotile as an alternative for asbestos waste management

In this work, the effect of microwave-assisted acid treatments on the morphological and crystallochemical characteristics of chrysotile fibers is investigated. A low concentration of nitric acid (0.2 N) is used to remove Mg2+-species located in the octahedral sheet of its structure, thereby causing a crystallo-chemical change forming a skeleton of non-crystalline amorphous silica. This skeleton maintains an elongated morphology but characterized by rounded -not sharp-edges and porous surfaces whose physical resistance under stress is reduced when compared with the initial fibers of chrysotile, favoring a lower pathogenicity of the fibers. Thus, microwave-assisted acid treatment rise as a low-cost, fast and effective option in avoiding the dangerousness associated with asbestos waste management.

Removal and stabilization of As and Cd in water/soil using silicate-supported nano zero-valent iron composites: Preparation, behavior, mechanism and cost analysis

A novel silicate-supported nano zero-valent iron composite material (nZVI@SS) for the removal and stabilization of arsenic (As) and cadmium (Cd) in water/soil had been developed through the modification of low-grade oolitic iron ore (OI) by reduction, while refinery sludge (RS) as reductant, manganese carbonate (MC) as additive in this work. The As and Cd adsorption capacity of nZVI@SS reached 93.91 mg·g−1 and 265.81 mg·g−1, respectively. Its specific surface area and pore volume increased by 19.28 m2·g−1 and 0.24 cm3·g−1, respectively when compared with unmodified OI. In the actual soil leaching process, using 2 % nZVI@SS for 30 days, the leaching concentrations of As and Cd decreased by 87.86 % and 85.51 % respectively, while their bioavailable contents were reduced by 15.59 mg·kg−1 and 1.40 mg·kg−1, correspondingly. The formation of chemical precipitates as Fe-As, Ca-As compounds, and Cd(OH)2 was the main mechanism of their adsorption process. Therefore, HMs adsorbed by nZVI@SS were difficult to desorb, making it more suitable for passivation/stabilization of HMs in groundwater/soil. Furthermore, the production cost of nZVI@SS was approximately 50 $/T, below the average market value of comparable adsorption materials. This method made low-grade minerals into environmentally friendly materials with high added value, significantly reduced the environmental risk of HMs in water/soil, and provided a new approach for the development of sustainable environmentally friendly materials using hazardous waste RS as a resource.

Catalytic conversion of triglycerides to biodiesel using ZnO/SnTiO4/SBA-15 nanostructures

The imperative for the present era revolves around the development of sustainable energy resources, driven by the depletion of conventional energy sources and the escalating global energy demand. Concurrently, the combustion of fossil fuels releases detrimental pollutants, including carbon oxides, sulfur compounds, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, contributing to atmospheric pollution. Biodiesel, as an alternative fuel, offers numerous advantages compared to fossil fuels, including renewability and reduced emission of atmospheric pollutants. In this study, we explore the application of ZnO/SnTiO4/SBA-15 nanostructure as a nanocatalyst for the biodiesel formation, aiming to enhance reaction efficiency and product quality. The investigation begins with the preparation and analyzation of ZnO/SnTiO4/SBA-15 nanostructure, which demonstrate a high surface area (534 m2/g), mesoporous surface (pore size 3.54 cm3g-1) and unique catalytic properties. The results designated that 99 % biofuel formation was attained in 5 h, and 65 °C temperature. The results show that ZnO/SnTiO4/SBA-15 exhibit remarkable catalytic activity, effectively promoting the transformation of triglycerides into biodiesel with reduced reaction times and minimal byproducts. Furthermore, this research evaluates the influence of reaction parameters, i.e. temperature, methanol and oil ratio, and catalyst loading, on the biofuel formation and quality. Optimization studies reveal that 65 °C temperature, 30 mg catalyst and 5 h reaction times are the suitable conditions for the production of high yield biodiesel while minimizing resource consumption. The findings of this study highlight the significance of ZnO/SnTiO4/SBA-15 nanostructure as a catalyst in the transesterification process, emphasizing their potential to revolutionize biodiesel production by offering a more efficient, environmentally responsible, and economically viable approach.

Modified polymethyl methacrylate as a sustainable medium for capturing carbon dioxide

This study evaluates the potential of modified polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) materials, which incorporate organotin moieties pendant on the polymeric chains, as media for carbon dioxide storage. The PMMA containing a triphenyltin moiety has the largest specific surface area (SBET=11.618 m2/g) in comparison to the polymers containing tributyl (5.287 m2/g) and trimethyl (4.881 m2/g) residues. The PMMA with the triphenyltin moiety proved to be the most efficient material in capturing carbon dioxide (34.8 cm3/cm, 6.8 wt%), which is attributed to its relatively high surface area and pore volume and diameter compared to the others.

Hierarchical Silica Composites for Enhanced Water Adsorption at Low Humidity.

To combat water scarcity in remote areas around the world, adsorption-based atmospheric water harvesting (AWH) has been proposed as a technology that can be used alongside existing water production capabilities. However, commonly used adsorbents either have low water adsorption loadings or are difficult to regenerate. In this work, we developed two novel hierarchical silica-salt composites that both exhibit high water adsorption loadings under dry and humid conditions. The total water vapor loading, kinetics, and heats of water adsorption for both silica-salt composites were investigated. As hierarchical silicas have tunable pores and large pore volumes, these materials serve as effective host matrixes for the hygroscopic salt LiCl. Our results suggest that hierarchical pores play a significant role in water adsorption: micropores and some smaller mesopores act as "storage" sites for hygroscopic salt, whereas larger mesopores and macropores increase the accessibility of water vapor into the silica. Using this mix of pores, we achieved greater than 0.4 g H2O/g composite at 10% RH and 27 °C. Additionally, we found that the salt-impregnated silica and bare silica had the same heat of adsorption: 80-90 kJ/mol. The results suggest that the H-bond interactions are similar for both systems and that the primary mechanism at play here is water cluster adsorption/desorption. Despite the similar energies, the LiCl-containing materials exhibited considerably slower kinetics than bare silica materials. Of equal importance to the adsorption capacity and kinetics of these composites is their mechanical stability. To assess their mechanical stability, high-energy ball milling of silica was conducted to create more uniform particle sizes. However, reduced particle sizes came at a cost─the BET surface areas and pore volumes were drastically decreased after more than 1 h of ball milling. Findings from this study suggest that short-term ball milling may be a viable large-scale option to reduce particle size in silica materials without sacrificing significant performance.

Enhancing the Kinetics of Vapor-based Polymerization by Pulsed Filament Approach.

Initiated chemical vapor deposition is a versatile technique for synthesizing conformal polymer films on both planar and porous surfaces. It can retain functional groups and avoid undesired cross-linking. However, there is still room for enhancing its performance without altering the feed parameters. Here, we investigate a pulsed iCVD approach to improve the deposition process, achieved by switching on and off the resistively heated filament periodically. By strategically switching off the filament, a shortage of thermally activated primary radicals was created, which allowed uninterrupted chain propagation with fewer termination reactions and potentially increased monomer conversion rates. This has caused significantly faster deposition kinetics with a higher molecular weight and longer chain length for poly(glycidyl methacrylate) compared to continuous deposition. Spectra analyses confirmed that the functionality and stoichiometry ratios remained intact throughout the pulsed deposition process. The pulsed iCVD method is therefore a competitive and sustainable tool, demonstrating fast deposition kinetics and a well-preserved functionality.

Quorum Quenching in Membrane Bioreactors for Fouling Retardation: Complexity Provides Opportunities.

The occurrence of biofouling restricts the widespread application of membrane bioreactors (MBRs) in wastewater treatment. Regulation of quorum sensing (QS) is a promising approach to control biofouling in MBRs, yet the underlying mechanisms are complex and remain to be illustrated. A fundamental understanding of the relationship between QS and membrane biofouling in MBRs is lacking, which hampers the development and application of quorum quenching (QQ) techniques in MBRs (QQMBRs). While many QQ microorganisms have been isolated thus far, critical criteria for selecting desirable QQ microorganisms are still missing. Furthermore, there are inconsistent results regarding the QQ lifecycle and the effects of QQ on the physicochemical characteristics and microbial communities of the mixed liquor and biofouling assemblages in QQMBRs, which might result in unreliable and inefficient QQ applications. This review aims to comprehensively summarize timely QQ research and highlight the important yet often ignored perspectives of QQ for biofouling control in MBRs. We consider what this "information" can and cannot tell us and explore its values in addressing specific and important questions in QQMBRs. Herein, we first examine current analytical methods of QS signals and discuss the critical roles of QS in fouling-forming microorganisms in MBRs, which are the cornerstones for the development of QQ technologies. To achieve targeting QQ strategies in MBRs, we propose the substrate specificity and degradation capability of isolated QQ microorganisms and the surface area and pore structures of QQ media as the critical criteria to select desirable functional microbes and media, respectively. To validate the biofouling retardation efficiency, we further specify the QQ effects on the physicochemical properties, microbial community composition, and succession of mixed liquor and biofouling assemblages in MBRs. Finally, we provide scale-up considerations of QQMBRs in terms of the debated QQ lifecycle, practical synergistic strategies, and the potential cost savings of MBRs. This review presents the limitations of classic QS/QQ hypotheses in MBRs, advances the understanding of the role of QS/QQ in biofouling development/retardation in MBRs, and builds a bridge between the fundamental understandings and practical applications of QQ technology.

Fluorine Incorporation for Enhanced Gas Separation Performance in Porous Organic Polymers: Investigating Reaction Pathways and Pore Structure Control.

The precise control of pore structures in porous organic polymer (POP) materials is of paramount importance in addressing a wide range of challenges associated with gas separation processes. In this study, we present a novel approach to optimize the gas separation performance of POPs through the introduction of fluorine groups and figure out an important factor of reaction decision that whether the AlCl3-catalyzed polymerization is Scholl reaction or Friedel-Crafts alkylation. In the chloroform system, the steric hindrance of function groups could make direct coupling between the benzene rings difficult, which would lead to part solvent knitting (Friedel-Crafts alkylation) instead. The fluorinated polymers show enhanced surface area and pore size characteristics. Notably, the fluorinated polymers exhibited significantly improved adsorption and separation performance for SF6, as evidenced by an ideal adsorbed solution theory selectivity (SF6/N2, v: v = 50:50, 273 K) increase of 75.0, 668.8, and 502.8% compared to the nonfluorinated POPs. These findings highlight the potential of fluorination as a strategy for tailoring the properties of POP materials for advanced gas separation applications.

Influence of photothermal nanomaterials localization within the electrospun membrane structure on purification of saline oily wastewater based on photothermal vacuum membrane distillation

Today, synergistic combination of special nanomaterials (NMs) and electrospinning technique has emerged as a promising strategy to address both water scarcity and energy concerns through the development of photothermal membranes for wastewater purification and desalination. This work was organized to provide a new perspective on membrane design for photothermal vacuum membrane distillation (PVMD) through optimizing membrane performance by varying the localization of photothermal NMs. Poly(vinylidene fluoride) omniphobic photothermal membranes were prepared by localizing graphene oxide nanosheets (GO NSh) (1) on the surface (0.2 wt%), (2) within the nanofibers structure (10 wt%) or (3) in both positions. Considering the case 1, after 7 min exposure to the 1 sun intensity light, the highest temperature (∼93.5 °C) was recorded, which is assigned to the accessibility of GO NSh upon light exposure. The case 3 yielded to a small reduction in surface temperature (∼90.4 °C) compared to the case 1, indicating no need to localize NMs within the nanofibers structure when they are localized on the surface. The other extreme belonged to the case 2 with the lowest temperature of ∼71.3 °C, which is consistent with the less accessibility of GO NSh during irradiation. It was demonstrated that the accessibility of photothermal NMs plays more pronounced role in the membrane surface temperature compared to the light trapping. However, benefiting from higher surface temperature during PVMD due to enhanced accessibility of photothermal NMs is balanced out by decrease in the permeate flux (case 1: 1.51 kg/m2 h and case 2: 1.83 kg/m2 h) due to blocking some membrane surface pores by the binder. A trend similar to that for flux was also followed by the efficiency. Additionally, no change in rejection was observed for different GO NSh localizations.

Wave-induced fluid flow and reflection/transmission of seismic waves at a fluid/double-porosity thermoelastic medium interface

This study investigates the wave-induced fluid flow and reflection/transmission of seismic waves at the interface of a non-viscous fluid and a double-porosity thermoelastic (DPT) solid. The analytical reflection/transmission coefficients are calculated for two boundary conditions: wholly sealed and open pores using the displacement potentials and Gauss-elimination method. The wave-induced local fluid flow (LFF) is computed analytically using the transmission coefficients of transmitted waves in a DPT medium, and it found that four compressional waves contribute to wave-induced LFF. Further, the energy partitioning between reflected and transmitted waves is also computed. An energy matrix describes the amount of energy transmitted to the DPT medium. The matrix has five diagonal elements representing the five waves’ energy proportions with different properties. The total of all the non-diagonal elements in the matrix indicates the energy involved in the interaction between transmitted waves. A numerical example is considered to perform the computational analysis of distinct propagation characteristics. Finally, the impacts of incident direction, wave frequency, inclusion radius, and pores fluid viscosity on the wave-induced LFF and energy partitioning are investigated graphically. Finally, energy conservation for both kinds of surface pores is found.

Inside Cover Picture

Copper‐based catalysts are frequently employed for carbon dioxide reduction reactions (CO2RR), yet the regulation of pore structure and surface state of electrocatalysts remains a prominent challenge in previous research endeavors. In this study, we introduce a novel technique to produce mesoporous Cu2O nanocrystals, with finely tuned pore size and surface amine functionality leveraging the incorporation of various amine compounds during the oxidative process of copper nanocrystals. The synergistic effect of pore structure confinement and surface amine functionalization culminates in an impressive Faradaic efficiency (FE) of 51.9% for the selective production of C2H4. More details are discussed in the article by Huang et al. on page 1846—1852.image