Poor Interpersonal Relationships Research Articles

Precarious employment and migrant workers' mental health: a systematic review of quantitative and qualitative studies.

ObjectivesEvidence suggests that precarious employment can have detrimental effects on workers’ health, including mental health. Migrant workers are discussed to be especially vulnerable to such effects. Thus, we systematically reviewed existing research on the association between precarious employment and migrant workers’ mental health.MethodsThree electronic databases (Web of Science, PsycINFO and PubMed/Medline) were searched for original articles on quantitative and qualitative studies published from January 1970 to February 2022 in English, German, Turkish and Spanish. Multiple dimensions of precarious employment were considered as exposure, with mental health problems as outcomes. Narrative synthesis and thematic analyses were performed to summarize the findings of the included studies along with risk of bias and quality assessment.ResultsThe literature search resulted in 1557 original articles, 66 of which met the inclusion criteria – 43 were of high quality and 22 were of moderate quality. The most common exposure dimensions analyzed in the studies included temporariness, vulnerability, poor interpersonal relationships, disempowerment, lacking workers’ rights and low income. The outcome measures included stress, depression, anxiety and poor general mental health. The prevalence of these outcomes varied between 10–75% among the included quantitative studies. All qualitative studies reported one or more dimensions of precarious employment as an underlying factor of the development of mental health problems among migrants. Of 33 quantitative studies, 23 reported evidence for an association between dimensions of precarious employment and mental health.ConclusionThe results of this review support the hypothesis that precarious employment is associated with migrant workers’ mental health.

Enhancing Authentic Leadership to Address Organizational Challenges in Church Settings

Authentic leadership is a leadership approach characterized by four core values which are transparency, internalized moral perspectives, balanced relationship, and self-awareness. The 21st century world is yearning for such leaders who can straighten the moral compass in both the Church setting and in the secular world although such leader are not easy to find because of the world’s influence, human imperfection, and competitive environments. This paper describes and discusses how the approach is defined by different scholars, the benefits gained from exercising authentic leadership, obstacles to obtain it, and ways by which authenticity can be enhanced. Lack of authentic leadership has proved to cause poor interpersonal relations, employee dissatisfaction, corruption, and organization ineffectiveness. Authentic leadership is expected to contribute effectively to one’s leadership performance. A special emphasis in this paper is given on how authentic leadership applies to the church settings.

The antecedents of leader-member-exchange (LMX) relationships in African context: the influence of the supervisor’s feedback delivery-tactic

PurposeThe current paper aims to analyse the antecedents of leader–member exchange relationships (LMX) by specifically focusing on the influence of the supervisor’s feedback delivery tactic.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses qualitative research methods with primary interviews as the main data source. Primary interviews with 40 managers from top supermarkets in Nigeria, South Africa and the UK were undertaken.FindingsThe authors found that both high-quality positive feedback and constructive criticisms produced the same feelings – more positive interpersonal relationships with their supervisors, higher levels of commitment to their organisations, higher job satisfaction and thus, high-quality LMX relationships. Where criticisms were delivered without greater interpersonal treatment, feedback was perceived as negative, and participants revealed lack of job satisfaction, lack of commitment to their organisations, poor interpersonal relationship with their supervisors, high turnover intent and thus low-quality LMX relationship.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, the current paper is one of the first studies to highlight the consequences of different feedback delivery tactics on subsequent LMX quality particularly in African context. The authors specifically develop a process-based model of enhancing high-quality LMX, which shows the role of the supervisor’s feedback delivery tactic in the process. The authors also develop a process-based model that illustrates how negative/unconstructive feedback could result in a low-quality LMX. Finally, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, this paper is also one of the first to offer a comparative assessment between African and British (the UK) empirical settings and highlight some interesting dynamics concerning LMX quality and role of supervisor’s feedback delivery tactic.

Knowledge Hoarding at a State University Library in Zimbabwe

Despite the need to bridge the knowledge gap introduced by technology, knowledge hoarding by library staff seems to affect service delivery at a state university library in Zimbabwe. The study employed a qualitative research approach in a case study design, informed by the interpretive paradigm. The target population of this study consisted of senior library management personnel and their subordinates. Maximal variation purposive sampling strategy was chosen to sample twenty-six library staff/ individuals that differ on some characteristics. Data were generated using interviews and observations. Key findings revealed that mistrust, unfair treatment, poor interpersonal relations, lack of recognition, and absence of a reward system induce knowledge hoarding and discourage library staff from sharing experiences. Furthermore, the study revealed that while librarians hoard knowledge as a security strategy for indispensability, hoarding knowledge has led to individualism and privatisation of knowledge. The study concluded that withholding of knowledge, for whatever reason, results in negative implications on the performance of new roles and service delivery. The study recommends that library staff should change from knowledge hoarding to sharing their knowledge; that the state library should implement a knowledge sharing policy; that the university library should reward knowledge sharing and recognize knowledge contributions from subordinates.

Development infancy: explaining unsecured environments to large-scale industries in Nigeria from the frustrated-aggression theory perspectives

This paper examines security challenges on largescale industries toward achieving industrial development in Nigeria. This study does this within the framework of the frustration- aggression theory. Triangulation of sampling techniques (purposive, simple random, key informant) and methods (Focus Group Discussions, In-depth Interviews) of data collection were adopted. The paper identified extreme level of insecurity as an impediment to large-scale industrial growth. Unsecured environment arose from overconcentration of industries, weak governmental institutions and total neglect of indigenes on basic social amenities by the government and industrialists. The findings revealed over-exploitation of host-community resources and poor employment policies which triggered anger of many frustrated unemployed youths. Unsecured environment hindered economic expansion, created unpleasant political interferences that led to poor interpersonal relationship between the indigenes and industrialists, and ill-social effects. These effects led to the shortage of manpower, untimely and unnatural deaths of industrialists' and companies' owners. Also, there were short business plans by the industrialists, various courts' embargo on communal and family lands, diversification of compensation by government institutions and low patronage of investors on large-scale industries. There is a need for communal policing, effective communities welfare policies to cement the relationship between the companies and their host communities.

Family Attitude toward the Persons with Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

Background: Negative symptoms of schizophrenia not only lead to poor interpersonal relationship, impaired social and work functioning of the clients but it also affects family members in various aspects. The present study aimed to assess the attitudes of the primary caregivers toward the clients with negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted at tertiary care hospital of Assam. Through purposive sampling technique, 40 primary caregivers of clients with negative symptoms of schizophrenia were selected from the indoor setting of a tertiary mental care institute. Self-structured sociodemographic and clinical Proforma, Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Scale for Assessment of Negative Symptoms (SANS), and Family Attitude Scale (FAS) were used to collect the data. Data were analyzed using the descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Majority of the participants (87.5%) score <60 in the FAS which showed low expressed emotion toward the clients with negative symptoms of schizophrenia. A significant negative correlation was found between the SANS score and monthly income of the clients (r = -'0.446, P = 0.004). Conclusion: Attitude of the primary caregivers toward the patient may vary based on the symptoms of schizophrenia. Assessing their attitude in the form of expressed emotion may help to understand their perception during the care of patients with negative symptoms of schizophrenia. This may help to plan suitable psychosocial nursing care for the primary caregivers.

Food safety knowledge and behaviour among food handlers in catering establishments: a case study

PurposeThe main objective of this study is to find out how food handlers in catering establishments perceive ensuring food safety and which problems they meet along the way.Design/methodology/approachUsing a qualitative approach, ten food handlers in Slovenian catering facilities were included in the case study. A semi-structured approach was applied to provide a deeper insight into food safety barriers perceived by respondents. Participants first read short fictitious newspaper news about a foodborne disease at a tourist farm, which served as a starting point.FindingsThe results demonstrate barriers which most often originate in a lack of knowledge (e.g. improper food safety training, incorrect food safety knowledge testing, knowledge and maintaining of CCPs), shortage of food hygiene skills (e.g. handwashing, food defrosting) and weak work satisfaction (e.g. insufficient payment, poor interpersonal relationships and weak motivation). Food safety knowledge and consequently training methods were found to be the biggest barrier for the efficiency of the HACCP system in practice.Research limitations/implicationsDue to the small sample, the results cannot be generalised to the entire population of food handlers in Slovenia.Practical implicationsThe results indicate weaknesses in food safety knowledge among professional food handlers.Originality/valueThe study provides a deeper insight into implicit opinions of ten food handlers in catering facilities regarding barriers in providing food safety, their knowledge and behaviour in their work with food.

Facial Emotion Recognition Ability in Patients with Fibromyalgia.

Observing others facial expressions to pain effects person's own facial expression empathetically. Fibromyalgia (FM) patients can be more sensitive to negative moods. We hypothesize that fibromyalgia patient recognize negative emotions more than positive emotions. . Thirty one patients who met the classification criteria of FM according to American College of Rheumatology 1990 were included to the study. Age and sex matched 24 healthy woman included as a control group. All of the participants full filled the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI). All of them evaluated with Facial Emotion Recognition Test. The mean age was not significantly different between fibromyalgia and healthy controls (46.04±10.78 vs 41.43±11.64, re-spectively and p=0.137). There were no significant differences among occupational status (p=0.347) and education (p=0.946) between groups. The mean scores according to Beck Depression Scale (16.56±9.81 vs 14.89±8.22) and Beck Anxiety Scale (21.32±13.94 vs 18.36±16.18) were significantly higher in patients with FM than healthy controls (p>0.05, for both). Patients with FM had significantly lesser rate of recognizing sad facial emotions (p=0.012). The patients with FM needed more time while recognizing happy (p=0.017), surprised (p= 0.043), neutral (p<0.001) and angry facial emotions (p=0.003). This study provides evidence of impairment in sad facial emotions and more response time for happy, angry, neutral and surprised facial emotions. These may cause poor interpersonal relationship and insuf-ficient social functioning and leading to chronicity of the disease.

Quality of care in public sector family planning services in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: a qualitative evaluation from community and health care provider perspectives

BackgroundQuality of care is a multidimensional concept that forms an integral part of the uptake and use of modern contraceptive methods. Satisfaction with services is a significant factor in the continued use of services. While much is known about quality of care in the general public health care service, little is known about family planning specific quality of care in South Africa. This paper aims to fill the gap in the research by using the Bruce-Jain family planning quality of care framework.MethodsThis formative qualitative study was conducted in South Africa, Zambia, and Kenya to explore the uptake of family planning and contraception. The results presented in this paper are from the South African data. Fourteen focus group discussions, twelve with community members and two with health care providers, were conducted along with eight in-depth interviews with key informants. Thematic content analysis using the Bruce-Jain Quality of Care framework was conducted to analyse this data using NVIVO 10.ResultsFamily planning quality of care was defined by participants as the quality of contraceptive methods, attitudes of health care providers, and outcomes of contraceptive use. The data showed that women have limited autonomy in their choice to either use contraception or the method that they might prefer. Important elements that relate to quality of care were identified and described by participants and grouped according to the structural or process components of the framework. Structure-related sub-themes identified included the lack of technically trained providers; integration of services that contributed to long waiting times and mixing of a variety of clients; and poor infrastructure. Sub-themes raised under the process category included poor interpersonal relations; lack of counselling/information exchange, fear; and time constraints. Neither providers nor users discussed follow up mechanisms which is a key aspect to ensure continuity of contraceptive use.ConclusionUsing a qualitative methodology and applying the Bruce-Jain Quality of Care framework provided key insights into perceptions and challenges about family planning quality of care. Identifying which components are specific to family planning is important for improving contraceptive outcomes. In particular, autonomy in user choice of contraceptive method, integration of services, and the acceptability of overall family planning care was raised as areas of concern.

Differences in The Proportion of Factors Related to Occupational Stress on Inspired Nurses During The Covid-19 Draw at Islamic Hospital in Jakarta Pondok Kopi in 2021

The American National Association for Occupational Health (ANAOH) places the incidence of work stress in nurses at the top of the forty-first on job stress. Work stress experienced by nurses is very detrimental to themselves and the hospital because it can make nurses suffer from fatigue, be rude, anxious, increase blood pressure, decrease self-confidence, increase feelings of dissatisfaction, and can reduce work productivity for nurses. This study was conducted to determine the difference in proportion factors associated with work stress on inpatient nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic at the Pondok Kopi Jakarta Islamic Hospital. Cross-sectional study design with primary data distributed through a questionnaire. The sample is 73 people the sampling is done by incidental sampling. Data analysis used chi-square test (α = 0.05). In this study in the proportion of stress, namely the age of 40 years as many as 28 people (70.0%), female sex as many as 44 (68.8%), married marital status as many as 34 (66.7%), and working years &gt; 6 years as many as 31 (66.0%), heavy workload as much as 50 (70.4%), shift work in the morning shift as much as 37 (63.8%), poor interpersonal relations as much as 44 (86.3%) and who have a UMR salary of 40 (67.8%). The risk factors studied were not related to the incidence of stress in inpatient nurses during the Covid-19 pandemic at the Pondok Kopi Jakarta Islamic Hospital in 2021. It is expected to be input in taking action in anticipating work stress among nurses so that it can improve the performance of nurses in applying quality nursing care.

The Role of Interpersonal Relationships and Household Socioeconomic Status in the Association Between Sexual Orientation and Health: A Moderated Mediation Analysis.

Purpose: Emerging studies indicate that sexual minority youths experience worse health than their heterosexual peers, but few studies have examined the intervening mechanisms linking sexual orientation and health status. This study hypothesizes that interpersonal relationships, moderated by household socioeconomic status (HSES), are important mediators in the association between sexual orientation and health status. Methods: A total of 49,084 youths, consisting of 9499 youths who identified as sexual minority individuals and 39,585 youths who identified as heterosexual, were sampled from a national study on sexual and reproductive health conducted in China. Logistic regression analyses were performed to estimate the association between sexual orientation and self-rated health. Causal mediation and moderated mediation analyses were performed to analyze the mediating and moderating effects of interpersonal relationships and HSES, respectively. Results: Self-rated health was significantly poorer for sexual minority youths compared with heterosexual youths (p < 0.01). From 7.90% to 25.74% of the association between sexual orientation and self-rated health was mediated through poor interpersonal relationships with both parents and peers. A poor relationship with the father accounted for the highest percentage. HSES was found to moderate the mediation effect of interpersonal relationships, with the greatest effect found for sexual minority youths with lower HSES. Conclusion: HSES moderated the indirect effects of interpersonal relationships on the association between sexual orientation and self-rated health. Interventions focused on improving interpersonal relationships for sexual minority youths, especially those with low HSES, merit attention.

Glycemic control, depression, diabetes distress among adolescents with type 1 diabetes: effects of sex, race, insurance, and obesity.

To determine whether diabetes distress or depression screening better predict increased hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and to assess interactions with age, sex, race, obesity, and insurance status. Diabetes distress is a negative emotional reaction to diabetes, diabetes complications, self-management demands, unresponsive providers, and/or poor interpersonal relationships. Guidelines recommend annual depression screening, however diabetes distress may be mistaken for depression. Depression (PHQ-9) and diabetes distress (PAID-T) scores from self-administered tests were studied in 313 patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) between the ages of 13-17. Spearman correlations and robust rank order multivariable regression analysis were used to assess relationships to age, duration, HbA1c. Kruskal-Wallis test was used to assess differences between sexes, races, and insurance status. Receiver operator curves (ROC) were constructed to see whether PAID-T or PHQ-9 scores more closely predicted HbA1c greater than 9%. HbA1c was more strongly correlated with PAID-T (rs = 0.37, p < 0.01), than PHQ-9 (rs = 0.27, p < 0.01) scores. Area under ROC curve for poor HbA1c was 0.75 for PAID and 0.64 for PHQ-9. PAID-T and PHQ-9 scores were increased in females and subjects with public insurance and both were significantly related to HbA1c even when accounting for age, sex, race obesity, and insurance status. PHQ-9 and PAID-T scores correlated with BMI-Z scores in Blacks, but not Whites. Both depression and diabetes distress are associated with increased HbA1c in adolescents with T1D, though distress is more so. Diabetes distress and depression should be routinely assessed in T1D adolescents, particularly those with public insurance.

PASTORAL KONSELING KERJA PADA HRD MANAGER YANG MENGALAMI STRESS KERJA

This study aims to describe pastoral work counseling for employees at PT IMS Manado who experience work stress. The method used is descriptive qualitative research method. The research subjects were employees at PT IMS Manado who experienced work stress and were given pastoral counseling assistance at work in the workplace. The results of the study show that employees who experience work stress are caused by poor interpersonal relationships which then result in decreased performance at work so that pastoral assistance is needed so that employees can understand themselves, others and God and His word. In the implementation of pastoral counseling, a confrontational counseling approach is carried out to confront clients directly with the problems they are facing and the problem solving that must be done.

Effects of massively multiplayer online roleplaying games on psychological health and inter-personal relationships of the male youth: A cross-sectional study in sub-urban Kolkata, West Bengal, India

Gaming related experiences and addictive behaviours are emerging causes of adverse psycho-social health such as depression, anxiety, in adolescents and young adults around the world. Nonetheless, there remains a dearth of information relating to adolescents and young adults in India, a country which has millions of gamers.&#x0D; Present study examined the effects of massively multiplayer online role-playing games on the psychological health and inter-personal relationships of adolescents and young male adults of sub-urban Kolkata, West Bengal, India.&#x0D; Questionnaires were used to collect data on socio-economic and lifestyle traits, psychological health and inter-personal relationships were obtained from both gamers (n = 150) and non-gamers (n = 150). Data on gaming experiences and addiction were obtained only from gamers. MANCOVA and linear regression were performed to understand the effects of socio-economic and lifestyle traits, gaming experience and addiction traits on psychological health and inter-personal relationships of gamers.&#x0D; Study findings revealed that both gamers and non-gamers derived from a similar age group (mean age = 19.94 years) and socio-economic cluster. Disparities in psychological health in terms of depression, anxiety and stress and inter-personal relationship in terms of parent and peer attachments were present across social groups and between gamers and non-gamers. Various problematic gaming experiences and gaming related addictive behaviours resulted in poor psychological health and inter-personal relationship with parents and peers.&#x0D; Male gamers were at high risk to develop adverse psychological health and poor inter-personal relationships with parents and peers due to problematic gaming experience and gaming addiction. Proper education and counselling regarding the beneficial and detrimental sides of gaming may ensure better psycho-social health of adolescents and young adults in India.

Magnitude and correlates of sleep quality among undergraduate medical students in Ethiopia: cross \u2013sectional study

PurposePoor quality of sleep has a negative effect on academic performance of medical students. Quantity and quality of sleep in addition to average sleep time are strongly linked with students’ learning abilities, poor academic performance and poor interpersonal relationship which predispose them to mental illnesses. This study is aimed to assess magnitude and correlates of sleep quality among medical students in Ethiopia.MethodAn institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 576 undergraduate medical students. Data was collected by using interviewer administered structured questionnaires. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality. The collected data were entered in to Epi-data version 3.1and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Logistic regression was used to identify the potential determinants of quality of sleep among undergraduate medical students. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant and strength of the association was presented by adjusted odds ratio with 95% C.I.ResultThe prevalence of poor sleep quality among undergraduate medical students was 62% (95%CI, 57.9, 65.3). The mean age (±SD) of the respondents was 21.5(±2.4), with age ranging from 18 to 28 and about 310 (53.8%) were males. Factors like, being depressed (AOR = 1.92,95%CI 1.16,3.19), poor social support (AOR = 5.39,95%CI 2.33,2.49), being stressed (AOR = 2.04,95%CI 1.26,3.31), and poor sleep hygiene (AOR = 3.01,95%CI 1.75,5.18) were associated with poor sleep quality at p-value < 0.05. Findings also showed that, one unit increase in grade point average was associated with 81.5% decrease (AOR = 0.185, 95%CI 0.13, 0.28) in poor sleep quality.ConclusionA substantial proportion of medical students are affected by poor sleep quality. Routine screening of sleep quality, sleep hygiene, depression and stress is warranted. Moreover, it is better to educating medical students about proper sleep hygiene and the consequences of poor sleep.

UK consultants’ experiences of the decision-making process around referral to intensive care: an interview study

ObjectiveThe decision whether to initiate intensive care for the critically ill patient involves ethical questions regarding what is good and right for the patient. It is not clear how referring...

Magnitude of Poor Sleep Hygiene Practice and Associated Factors among Medical Students in Ethiopia: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background Good sleep hygiene plays an important role in human health. Medical students are notorious for insufficient and irregular sleep habits which are linked with students' learning abilities, poor academic performance, and poor interpersonal relationship which predispose them to mental illnesses. However, it has not been studied among medical students in Ethiopia. Method This institution-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 576 undergraduate medical students selected by using a stratified sampling technique. Sleep hygiene (SHI) was assessed by a 13-item sleep hygiene questionnaire. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the potential determinants of poor sleep hygiene among undergraduate medical students. Variables with p values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant, and the strength of the association was presented by adjusted odds ratio with 95% C.I. Result The prevalence of poor sleep hygiene practice among undergraduate medical students was 48.1% (95% 43.7, 52.1). After adjusting for the possible confounders, being female (AOR = 1.53, 95% CI 1.03, 2.26), having depressive symptoms (AOR = 3.55, 95% CI 2.26, 5.59), with stress symptoms (AOR = 2.41, 95% CI 1.61, 3.60), and having anxiety symptoms (AOR = 2.2, 95% CI 1.42, 3.31) were associated with poor sleep hygiene practice at p value < 0.05. Conclusion Almost half of the medical students had poor sleep hygiene practice. Routine screening of depressive and stress symptoms and education about sleep hygiene are warranted among medical students.

Factors Associated With Workplace and Interpersonal Trust in the Supervisory System of a Community Health Worker Programme in a Rural South African District.

Background: Key to effective supportive supervision, and ultimately performance of community health workers (CHWs), is the nature of relationships in the formal health system at the coal face of programmes. The central character and defining feature of effective relationships, in turn, is the ability to engender trust. This study describes factors associated with workplace and interpersonal trust, the relationship between the two sets of trust factors and how this shaped perceived performance of CHWs in ward-based outreach teams (WBOTs) in a rural South African district. Methods: In the context of a wider study of supportive supervision of CHWs, factors recognised to be associated with trust in the literature were studied qualitatively in Ngaka Modiri Molema district, North West Province. Focus group discussions (FGDs) and individual interviews were conducted by the first author with CHWs (23), team leaders (12), facility managers (10) and middle managers (5). Interviews were recorded, translated and transcribed. Perceptions of trust factors associated with workplace and interpersonal trust were analysed thematically. Results: The interviews revealed a climate of considerable workplace mistrust due to the perceived abandonment of the WBOTs programme by managers at all levels, and this affected support and supervision of WBOTs. However, there was a degree of variability and discretion in expressions of interpersonal trust at the coal face, leading to different perceptions of the competence and functionality of the WBOTs. Mistrust in the workplace and poor interpersonal relationships translated into low confidence in the ability of CHWs, which in turn compromised the performance of these teams. Conclusion: The study contributes empirical evidence on how workplace trust factors impact on interpersonal trust factors and the possible implications of both sets of trust factors on perceived performance of CHWs. Wider trust in the health system have a significant bearing on interpersonal trust between CHWs and other players in the primary healthcare (PHC) system.

Rorschach inkblot test and psychopathology among patients suffering from schizophrenia: A correlational study.

Background:Rorschach test has been considered a well-known and most widely used projective test for the assessment of personality and diagnostic evaluation in various psychiatric disorders. Schizophrenia is considered to be the major psychiatric illness characterized by gross distortion of reality, the disorganization and fragmentation of perception, thought, emotion, and withdrawal from social interaction. Rorschach provides both specific and general knowledge about the different areas of personality functioning, such as coping style, emotions, managing stress, mediation, ideation, self-perception, and interpersonal relationships along with correlating with the psychopathology of the schizophrenia patients.Aim:The aim of the present study is to assess the relationship between Rorschach response pattern different symptoms in schizophrenia patients.Methodology:After having informed consent, 100 patients of schizophrenia group were included as per the International Classification of Diseases 10th Revision Diagnostic Criteria for Research (ICD-10 DCR) criteria. Information about sociodemographic data and clinical details was collected using the sociodemographic and clinical data sheet from the drawn sample. For the assessment of symptoms of schizophrenia patients, Scale for the Assessment of Positive Symptom and Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptom have been used. After that Rorschach test was administered individually to all the participants to assess the personality structure of each schizophrenia patients.Results:The results showed that there is a significant positive and negative correlation among positive, negative schizophrenia symptoms, and different Rorschach variables.Conclusion:Schizophrenia patients having positive and negative symptoms would be giving Rorschach variables indicative of moderate level of cognitive distortions, poorly controlled and disorganized affect, less conventional form of responses, poor perception and loss with reality, poor interpersonal relationships, presence of anxiety, and aggression.

Group practice impacts on patients, physicians and healthcare systems: a scoping review

ObjectiveTo identify the advantages and disadvantages that group practices have on patients, physicians and healthcare systems.Study designA scoping review was performed based on the methodology proposed by Arksey and O’Malley,...