Poor Interpersonal Relationships Research Articles

A qualitative exploration of barriers to health-facility-based delivery in Bomachoge-Borabu and Kaloleni, Kenya.

To explore barriers to utilization of health-facility-based delivery in Kenya, use of which is associated with reduced maternal mortality. In April 2017, a qualitative study utilizing key informant interviews (KIIs) and focus group discussions (FGDs) was carried out in Bomachoge-Borabu and Kaloleni, Kenya. Twenty-four KIIs were performed including health service providers, community health workers, religious leaders, local government representatives, Ministry of Health representatives, and representatives of women's organizations. Sixteen FGDs were held separately with adolescent females, adult females, adult males, and Community Health Committee members. Data were transcribed, coded, and categorized thematically to illustrate supply-side and demand-side barriers to use of health-facility-based delivery services. Supply-side barriers included staff shortages, inadequate supplies and space, poor interpersonal relations, few trained staff, long distance to services, poor transport infrastructure, and limited service hours. Demand-side barriers included financial constraints, limited spousal support, observance of birthing traditions, limited knowledge on importance of health-facility-based delivery, and fear of health-facility procedures. Diverse barriers continue to influence use of health-facility-based delivery services in Kenya. Practical, integrated interventions are urgently needed to reduce barriers noted, to further reduce the maternal mortality rate.

The Research of Social Network Analysis on College Students' Interactive Relations

Nowadays the number of college students' suicides are increasing for the insufficient social support or poor interpersonal relations. Furthermore, not much attention has been concerned to students' interpersonal relations when handling student affairs and only very limited information about students' interaction network is available. This paper studies the peer network of college students by using the tool of social network analysis. And it aims to serve as instrumental support for students to foster and develop harmonious interpersonal relations. It offers new information for school counsellor to better handle student affairs and provides information support for the carrying out of moral and ideological guidance for students.

The Psychological Impact of 'Mild Lockdown' in Japan during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Nationwide Survey under a Declared State of Emergency.

This study examined the psychological distress caused by non-coercive lockdown (mild lockdown) in Japan. An online survey was conducted with 11,333 people (52.4% females; mean age = 46.3 ± 14.6 years, range = 18–89 years) during the mild lockdown in the seven prefectures most affected by COVID-19 infection. Over one-third (36.6%) of participants experienced mild-to-moderate psychological distress (Kessler Psychological Distress Scale [K6] score 5–12), while 11.5% reported serious psychological distress (K6 score ≥ 13). The estimated prevalence of depression (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 score ≥ 10) was 17.9%. Regarding the distribution of K6 scores, the proportion of those with psychological distress in this study was significantly higher when compared with the previous national survey data from 2010, 2013, 2016, and 2019. Healthcare workers, those with a history of treatment for mental illness, and younger participants (aged 18–19 or 20–39 years) showed particularly high levels of psychological distress. Psychological distress severity was influenced by specific interactional structures of risk factors: high loneliness, poor interpersonal relationships, COVID-19-related sleeplessness and anxiety, deterioration of household economy, and work and academic difficulties. Even when non-coercive lockdowns are implemented, people’s mental health should be considered, and policies to prevent mental health deterioration are needed. Cross-disciplinary public–private sector efforts tailored to each individual’s problem structure are important to address the mental health issues arising from lockdown.

Parenting style and Emotional regulation in children with Borderline and Average intellectual functioning

Background: Children with borderline intellectual functioning represent a unique course of behavioral and developmental challenges. One such issue is emotion regulation (ER), leading to poor interpersonal relationships and adjustment issues in adulthood. There are extensive studies highlighting the role of parenting style in emotion regulation. Aim: The present study compares the emotion regulation and parenting style in children having borderline intellectual functioning (BIF) versus average intellectual functioning (AIF). Methods: Fifty pairs of child-parent were recruited, 25 children with AIF, and 25 children with BIF. The intelligence quotient (IQ) score on Malin’s Intelligence Scale for Indian Children (MISIC) was used to identify children as BIF and AIF. Emotional Regulation Questionnaire- Child and Adolescents (ERQ-CA) was used with children to assess ER. Parental Authority Questionnaire (PAQ) was administered to either parent to assess the parenting style of parents. Results: Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test were used to analyze the data. The results suggested that children with BIF significantly differed (p=.004) from children with AIF in emotion regulation strategy at .01 level of significance. Additionally, parents of children with BIF were permissive, and the difference in parenting style was significant (p=.022) at .05 level of significance. Conclusions: The child's cognitive abilities might be influencing his functioning and interaction with parents. The intervention programs aiming at the regulation of emotions for children with BIF, along with parental training, might be helpful. More research is required to understand and assess issues of this vulnerable and neglected group.

Occupational Stress on Job Satisfaction: A Qualitative Study among Nurses at the University of Ghana Hospital

The purpose of the study was to examine the causes of occupational stress on employee job satisfaction. The study aims to draw on the causes of stress and coping strategies to reduce its adverse effect on nurses at the University of Ghana Hospital. A qualitative method approach was adopted where 10 nurses were interviewed. Content Analysis method was used to analyze the data obtained. The findings revealed that nurses experience a wide range of stressors in the cause of their duties and increased workload was dominant among them. It was further observed that poor interpersonal relationship and unavailability of logistics had negative effect on nurses’ job satisfaction. Developing coping strategies such as increasing management support, Training and Development and encouraging autonomy and effective feedback among nurses could reduce occupational stress. The study provides an in-depth experience account of nurses on the subject matter which provide a focus for strategy implementation at the University of Ghana Hospital management level. The study brings to bare a qualitative data on the causes of stress on nurses’ job satisfaction and may inform future research on the impact of stress among nurses.

Community Service Nurses’ Experiences at a Public Hospital in Tshwane District, South Africa

The South African Nursing Council (SANC), in Regulation R765 of 2007, requires every newly qualified professional nurse trained in South Africa to perform remunerated community service in a public hospital for a period of one year before registration as a nurse. However, most newly qualified professional nurses placed in a certain public hospital in Tshwane district as community service nurses request to be transferred to other hospitals before the end of their placement term. The study adopted interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), which aimed at gaining an in-depth understanding of community service nurses’ experiences at a public hospital in Tshwane district, South Africa. Data were collected using in-depth interviews with 11 purposively selected community service nurses. Data were analysed using Smith’s IPA framework. Three themes emerged from the data analysis: (1) limited material resources and a shortage of health care personnel; (2) poor interpersonal relationships; and (3) a lack of professional support during the placement of community service nurses at the public hospital under study. The findings imply a lack of hospital readiness and preparedness to offer a conducive environment for community service nurses to gain the required clinical experience and skills. This has a negative impact on the nursing profession, nursing education, and patient care. Recommendations are put forward focusing on the responsibilities of the Health Ministry and the SANC, mentorship, and the transformation of nursing curricula to be contextually relevant to the country’s health care systems and resources.

The first nationwide study on facing and solving ethical dilemmas among healthcare professionals in Slovenia.

Healthcare professionals (HCPs), patients and families are often faced with ethical dilemmas. The role of healthcare ethics committees (HECs) is to offer support in these situations. The primary objective was to study how often HCPs encounter ethical dilemmas. The secondary objective was to identify the main types of ethical dilemmas encountered and how HCPs solve them. We conducted a cross-sectional, survey-based study among HCPs in 14 Slovenian hospitals. A questionnaire was designed and validated by HCPs who were selected by proportional stratified sampling. Data collection took place between April 2015 and April 2016. The final sample size was n = 485 (385 or 79.4%, female). The response rates for HCPs working in secondary and tertiary level institutions were 45% and 51%, respectively. Three hundred and forty (70.4%) of 485 HCPs (very) frequently encountered ethical dilemmas. Frequent ethical dilemmas were waiting periods for diagnostics or treatment, suboptimal working conditions due to poor interpersonal relations on the ward, preserving patients' dignity, and relations between HCPs and patients. Physicians and nurses working in secondary level institutions, compared to their colleagues working in tertiary level institutions, more frequently encountered ethical dilemmas with respect to preserving patients' dignity, protecting patients' information, and relations between HCPs and patients. In terms of solutions, all HCPs most frequently discussed ethical dilemmas with co-workers (colleagues), and with the head of the department. According to HCPs, the most important role of HECs is staff education, followed by improving communication, and reviewing difficult ethical cases. Waiting periods for diagnostics and treatment and suboptimal working conditions due to poor interpersonal relations are considered to be among the most important ethical issues by HCPs in Slovenian hospitals. The most important role of HECs is staff education, improving communication, and reviewing difficult ethical cases.

Work-Related Stress and Coping Strategies: A Systematic Literature Review

While the issue of work-related stress has gained increasing attention as an important construct in Western literature, coping strategies concurrently have never been comprehensively reviewed in Asian tradition. The purposes of this review are to investigate work-related stressors across occupations and coping strategies used by these various occupations in reduction the stressful environment. The reviewed articles were obtained from three main databases; Web of Science, Scopus and Medline. Keywords including “stress”, “work-related stress”, “work stress”, “occupational stress”, coping strategies”, “coping skills”, “coping”, and “coping mechanisms” were resulted from 14 articles that met the specified criteria. Main stressors identified in this review including workload, role ambiguity, responsibility, lack of job control, poor physical environment, conflict, interpersonal relationship and management. While, common coping strategies were utilized by employees were problem-focused coping, emotion-focused coping and coping resources. The present evidence is limited, and numerous research is needed on stress and coping strategies in the future to broaden its impact on work and health-related outcomes.

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Is it my fault and how will I react? A phenomenology of perceived causes and consequences of workplace ostracism

PurposeThis exploratory inquiry sheds light on the nature of victim (i.e. provocative and passive) and specific work context in shaping the perceived causes and outcomes of felt workplace ostracism in teaching faculty of Pakistani higher educational institutions (HEIs) based on target-centric victimization framework.Design/methodology/approachThis phenomenological research is based on data gathered from 30 ostracized teaching faculty members working in Pakistani public and private HEIs through in-depth semi-structured interviews. The interviews were tape-recorded, and transcription was entered in NVivo 12 Plus software to conduct thematic analysis.FindingsThis study found that provocative and submissive victim status, as well as the specific contextual factors in Pakistani HEIs (i.e. negative competition, cronyism, egoism and poor interpersonal relationships), is responsible for fostering workplace ostracism and yielding unique outcomes in each case.Originality/valueThis study has taken the scantly used target-centric victimization framework to distinguish the causes and consequences of workplace ostracism based on the nature of victim and work context in Pakistani HEIs .

Mothers Left without a Man: Poverty and Single Parenthood in China

Most single-parent families in China are headed by women, and single mothers represent one of the fastest-growing groups living in poverty. Yet few studies have examined this group. This article seeks to better understand how (and why) single mothers are disadvantaged in China. Based on in-depth interviews conducted in Zhuhai, Guangzhou Province, it demonstrates that single mothers are left behind in four respects: lower income and worse economic conditions, lower employment and career development opportunities, worse physical and mental health, and poorer interpersonal relationships and less chance of remarriage. The causes of these disadvantages include Chinese family beliefs, a culture of maternal sacrifice, the traditional division of labour between men and women and social stereotypes about single mothers. The article highlights the impacts of Chinese familism culture on single mothers and advocates incorporating a gender perspective into the agenda of family policy and other relevant social policies in China.

Postnatal depressive features in mothers of neonates admitted to a neonatal unit at Steve Biko Academic Hospital: The role of sociodemographic and psychosocial factors

Background . Postnatal depression (PND) is one of the most common complications following delivery. The development of PND is closely linked with biological, psychological, socioeconomic and cultural factors. Objectives. To determine the prevalence and identify risk factors for PND in mothers delivering at Steve Biko Academic Hospital (SBAH) whose babies were admitted to the neonatal unit. Methods. We conducted a prospective observational study at SBAH, Pretoria, South Africa (SA). Women who delivered between 26 and 42 weeks' gestation at SBAH and whose babies were admitted to the neonatal unit were recruited at delivery. Interview screening using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was conducted regarding the mother’s experience of her pregnancy and delivery. Sociodemographic and psychosocial data from the mothers were included in a multiple logistic regression model to estimate association with PND symptoms. Results. Between 11 March and 30 December 2017, 2 671 mothers delivered at SBAH. Of these, 196 (7.3%) babies were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) and 10 (0.3%) were admitted to the neonatal high care unit (NHC). Mothers’ accommodation during their babies’ admission to the neonatal unit ( p =0.002), having poor interpersonal relationships ( p <0.0001), and intimate partner violence (IPV) ( p =0.004) were significantly associated with screening positive for PND. Conclusion. Accommodation during neonatal care, availability of counselling, inclusion of the partner in postnatal care and IPV are significant factors in the depressive symptoms experienced by mothers postpartum in this setting

Interpersonal Trauma and Risk of Depression Among Adolescents: The Mediating and Moderating Effect of Interpersonal Relationship and Physical Exercise.

Interpersonal trauma in adolescent is an important public health concern. Depression can be a main consequence of interpersonal trauma, which subsequently results in various negative mental health outcomes. Previous research has investigated the independent effects of interpersonal trauma, interpersonal relationships and physical exercise on the risk of depression. However, the interaction effect of the three factors on depression remains unclear. We aim to investigate the associations between these potential factors and depression in adolescents, and explore the interaction effect of the three aforementioned factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted in Shenzhen, China, in 2017. A total of 1,883 adolescents from 11 middle schools and high schools were recruited. Demographic information, depressive symptoms, physical exercise, interpersonal relationships, interpersonal trauma, and academic record were collected through the use of standardized questionnaires. A linear regression model was performed to explore the association between these variables and depression. Pathway analysis was used to explore the role of potential mediators and moderators. The results showed that interpersonal trauma and poorer interpersonal relationships were significantly associated with depression (p < 0.05). We identified a mediating role of interpersonal relationships in the relationship between interpersonal trauma and depression, and a moderating role of physical exercise between interpersonal trauma and interpersonal relationships. This is the first study to examine the interaction effects of interpersonal trauma, interpersonal relationships and physical exercise on depression in adolescents. The current study therefore provides insights into factors which impact the mental health of adolescents. Through examining these factors one can gain further insight into potential factors associated with depression and therefore then develop more tailored interventions in order to support adolescents' mental well-being.

Understanding how others feel: Evaluating the relationship between empathy and various aspects of emotion recognition following severe traumatic brain injury.

The aim of this study was to use various measures of emotion recognition, such as sensitivity to emotional intensity, accuracy-based emotion labeling, and the ability to differentiate among emotional displays, to examine whether these abilities are associated with emotional and cognitive empathy. We also sought to determine whether these relationships differ between individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI) and healthy adults. TBI participants (n = 28) and healthy adults (n = 29) matched for age, biological sex, and education, were tested on an emotion intensity rating and recognition task. Self-reported emotional and cognitive empathy questionnaires, together with a neuropsychological battery, were also completed. Participants with TBI reported reduced emotional and cognitive empathy. TBI participants also had reduced overall accuracy in recognizing emotion, specifically for happy and sad emotions, although they had no difficulty identifying the intensity or differentiating among emotional displays. Intensity labeling and sensitivity to differentiate among emotions positively correlated with emotional empathy for healthy adults but not for TBI participants. No facet of emotion recognition correlated with cognitive empathy for healthy adults or TBI participants. The ability to identify the intensity and differentiate among emotions is associated with emotional empathy. Although individuals with severe TBI may be able to differentiate emotions, they may be unable to utilize this information to share and understand the emotions of others, or vice versa. These results could have implications for understanding poor interpersonal relationships and impaired social functioning following TBI. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).

Hubungan Faktor Individu dan Lingkungan dengan Perilaku Menyalahgunakan Napza di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Kelas II.a Pekanbaru

In 2015 the NAPZA case in Riau expected to increase sharply compared to 2014 due to its geographical location that surrounded by the ocean that it had a beach which was easy for a place for drug traffic. Individual factors that cause drug abuse were curiosity, desires to be accepted by the group, following tendencies, seeking pleasure, seeking attention and imitating famous people. Whereas environmental factors were from family relations who were not harmonious, poor interpersonal relationships, parents/family members were also drug users, the communities are less concerned, lack social control and group pressure. The purpose of this study is to identify the relationship between individual factors and the environment with drug abuse in class II A prisons in Pekanbaru. This research was conducted from March to August 2015 with a cross-sectional analytic design on 89 assisted residents. The results showed that all individual and environmental factors had a relationship with drug abuse behaviour except for the environmental sub-variables, namely parents/family members as well as users. The contribution of Individual factors in drug abuse indicated that of the six most prominent individual factors are the average curiosity of the inmates is 75.78 ± 15.987 (the lowest results are 25, and the highest is 100. The least was the common desire to seek attention in abusing NAPZA is 52.83 ± 18.018 (the lowest results are 8, and the highest is 100. The results of this study could use as material for coaching activities related to individual and environmental factors in prison.

Japanese health utilities index mark 3 (HUI3): measurement properties in a community sample

BackgroundThe McMaster Health Utilities Index Mark 3 (HUI3) is a generic multi-attribute, preference-based system for assessing health-related quality of life (HRQOL). This study describes the translation procedures and cultural adaptation of the Japanese HUI3 and its measurement properties in a community sample.MethodsThe Japanese HUI3 was developed through forward and back translations in cooperation with the developers of the HUI. Acceptability, comprehensibility of questionnaires, and test-retest reliability were assessed. In a community survey of a total of 3860 people (age: 41 ± 14.3, male/female: 2651/1209), the Canadian scoring function was used to calculate utility scores. Construct validity was assessed by examining the relationship between 20 personal characteristics and utility scores.ResultsLinear regression estimates demonstrated a significant negative relation between HUI3 utility score and low education, male gender, poor interpersonal relationships, older age, and a higher number of chronic diseases. Single-attribute utility scores were associated with chronic conditions in the manner expected. The community samples were relatively healthy. More than 90% of the respondents were distributed in levels 1 and 2 in all attributes except cognition. Interpretability of utility score was assessed by estimation of the relationship between visual analogue scale (VAS) and the self-rated health and utility score. Independence of attributes was assessed. For only 3 of the 28 possible cross-comparisons among the 8 attributes were correlations coefficients greater than 0.25.ConclusionTranslation and adaptation of the HUI3 questionnaire into Japanese was successful, but the sample size and selection bias limit the interpretation of our study conclusions.

Quality of life in patients with mental and behavioural disorders after application of group therapy

Background: People with mental and behavioural disorders have low satisfaction of quality of life, due to numerous symptoms, as well as poor interpersonal relations, communications skills, low tolerance on frustration.Aim: The aim of this paper was to evaluate whether there has been an improvement in satisfaction with the quality of life after the application of group therapyMethods: The study included 100 patients who attended group therapy, for a period of 6-12 weeks. The instruments used at the beginning and at the end of the treatment were Outcome Questionnaire-45 which measured symptoms distress, interpersonal relations, and social roles, and MANSA questionnaire that measured satisfaction with the quality of life. Results: In total sample (N = 100) there was approximately equal number of women and men (51% vs. 49%). The average age of the subjects was 48.11 ± 7.91. Majority of respondents had depressive disorder (45%). Measuring the mean values obtained on the OQ-45 questionnaire, it was found that after the application of group therapy a significant reduction of the level of dysfunction was achieved. A statistically significant difference was found in the areas of satisfaction with physical and mental health, and the overall score of the MANSA questionnaire.Conclusion: Results show that patients reported lower symptoms distress and higher satisfaction with quality of life after attending group therapy, better interpersonal relations, lower risk of suicidal behaviour and substance abuse. Group therapy is successful intervention which helps patients improve quality of life.

First psychotic episode in a schizotypal personality

According to DSM‑5 criteria, schizotypal personality disorder is characterized by social anxiety accompanied by poor interpersonal relationships, inability to maintain close relationships, bizarre behavior, suspicious character or paranoid ideation, and perceptual experiences. We present the case of a 21-year-old patient, student, without a documented psychiatric history, who presented to our clinic for a psychopathological picture that had begun about one month before: depersonalization and derealization, emotional lability, emotional ambivalence towards family members, irritability, generalized and anticipatory anxiety, flight of ideas, wear and tear, mixed insomnia, repeated statements with autolytic issues, diminished intellectual performance affecting the management of activities. During the hospitalization, the patient had an oscillating evolution, with the highlighting of obsessive and schizotypal personality traits. The two personality inventories allowed the monitoring for 6 months of the pathological psychobehavioral manifestations in which we consider the psychotic symptoms as efferents of the personality dimensions. Psychotropic, neuroleptic and mood stabilizing treatment has been shown to be useful both in fading psychotic symptoms and in normalizing personality trait levels.

Suicide Leap of an 11-Year-Old Girl with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) has been linked with risk of suicide, and several cases of suicide attempts by adolescents with ASD have been reported. However, there is scant research on therapeutic approaches to prevent suicide re-attempts by children with ASD who have already attempted suicide. We report our experience of treating an 11-year-old girl with adjustment disorder comorbid with ASD who was transported to our hospital after sustaining injuries from the suicide leap. Initially, she was diagnosed with adjustment disorder brought on by poor interpersonal relationships at school, and, upon reviewing the patient’s personal history, her underlying ASD characteristics became apparent. To prevent a re-attempt, it was crucial to reduce her risk factors and enhance her protective factors. To reduce her risk factors, we manipulated the environmental factor that triggered the patient’s suicide attempt. In addition, to reinforce her protective factors, we intervened in the parent-child relationship and addressed her hesitation to ask for help, which we identified as a predisposing factor since early childhood. Over the course of her treatment, she did not exhibit suicidal ideation or re-attempt suicide.

Experiences of inadequate interpersonal relationships regarding quality improvement and quality assurance in the Ministry of Health and Social Services in Namibia

ABSTRACT Quality improvement and quality assurance in healthcare settings depend to a great degree on interpersonal relationships that enable effective communication and understanding between individuals. Poor interpersonal relationships between health professionals, patients or groups are considered detrimental to the achievement and sharing of common goals. This paper explored the experiences of managers and health professionals regarding the quality of health care delivery at the Ministry of Health and Social Services (MoHSS) in Namibia, using interviews and focus group discussions. The findings indicated negative attitudes by health professionals towards patients; poor communication among health professionals; lack of motivation and team work as well as resistance to change. It was concluded that most of the problems at MoHSS health care facilities are due to the lack of strong interpersonal relationships, either between patients and health professionals or between health professionals and management. The researchers recommend future research to document the views and experiences of private health providers and patients.