Magnitude and correlates of sleep quality among undergraduate medical students in Ethiopia: cross \u2013sectional study

Tirusew Wondie,Derebe Madoro,Haregewoin Mulat,Kalkidan Yohannes,Mengistu Bekele,Woynabeba Damene,Alemayehu Molla

doi:10.1186/s41606-021-00058-2

Tirusew Wondie, Derebe Madoro + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s41606-021-00058-2

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Abstract

PurposePoor quality of sleep has a negative effect on academic performance of medical students. Quantity and quality of sleep in addition to average sleep time are strongly linked with students’ learning abilities, poor academic performance and poor interpersonal relationship which predispose them to mental illnesses. This study is aimed to assess magnitude and correlates of sleep quality among medical students in Ethiopia.MethodAn institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted among 576 undergraduate medical students. Data was collected by using interviewer administered structured questionnaires. Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess sleep quality. The collected data were entered in to Epi-data version 3.1and analyzed using SPSS version 20. Logistic regression was used to identify the potential determinants of quality of sleep among undergraduate medical students. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant and strength of the association was presented by adjusted odds ratio with 95% C.I.ResultThe prevalence of poor sleep quality among undergraduate medical students was 62% (95%CI, 57.9, 65.3). The mean age (±SD) of the respondents was 21.5(±2.4), with age ranging from 18 to 28 and about 310 (53.8%) were males. Factors like, being depressed (AOR = 1.92,95%CI 1.16,3.19), poor social support (AOR = 5.39,95%CI 2.33,2.49), being stressed (AOR = 2.04,95%CI 1.26,3.31), and poor sleep hygiene (AOR = 3.01,95%CI 1.75,5.18) were associated with poor sleep quality at p-value < 0.05. Findings also showed that, one unit increase in grade point average was associated with 81.5% decrease (AOR = 0.185, 95%CI 0.13, 0.28) in poor sleep quality.ConclusionA substantial proportion of medical students are affected by poor sleep quality. Routine screening of sleep quality, sleep hygiene, depression and stress is warranted. Moreover, it is better to educating medical students about proper sleep hygiene and the consequences of poor sleep.

Highlights

Adequate sleep is important for maintaining good physical, mental, and emotional health and is one of the most important factor to the quality of life (Abiola et al 2013; Ezquiaga et al 2015)
A substantial proportion of medical students are affected by poor sleep quality
Study conducted in developing countries showed that 32.5–76% of medical students suffer from poor sleep quality (James et al 2011; Almojali et al 2017)

Summary

Introduction

Adequate sleep is important for maintaining good physical, mental, and emotional health and is one of the most important factor to the quality of life (Abiola et al 2013; Ezquiaga et al 2015). Medicine is one of the most stressful fields of education because of its highly demanding study which may be why poor sleep quality is common among medical students. A review study conducted in Brazil showed that 51.5%, of medical students had poor sleep quality (Pacheco et al 2017). In US 50.9% of medical students had poor sleep quality (Brick et al 2010). Study conducted in developing countries showed that 32.5–76% of medical students suffer from poor sleep quality (James et al 2011; Almojali et al 2017). Study conducted in Ethiopia among non-medical students and adults in community showed 55.8 and 65.4% of participants had poor quality of sleep respectively (Berhanu et al 2018; Lemma et al 2012)

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