The effect of self-organization of diamond nanocrystallites in graphite and in the polymer-like carbon films was discovered for the first time at deposition from vapors of ethanol of low pressure with the use of non-equilibrium high-ionized microwave plasma. The technology of receiving nanocomposite diamond-graphite covers with adjustable thresholds of field emission in the range from 5-7 to 20 V/mm and density of currents higher than 100A/cm2 was developed. The possibility of receiving of insular carbon coverings with super high surface density on crystals of silicon as well as the quasi-closed cellular macro cell structures with transparent graphene-like "windows" in the visible spectral range was shown.