Polyherbal Extract Research Articles

Phytochemicals, Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory Studies, and Identification of Bioactive Compounds Using GC-MS of Ethanolic Novel Polyherbal Extract.

Hyperglycemia is the hallmark of diabetes, which is a collection of related metabolic disorders. Over time, diabetes can cause a variety of problems, including cardiovascular disease, nephropathy, neuropathy, and retinopathy. Ethanolic novel polyherbal extract (PHE) was prepared by mixing equal amounts of the following ingredients: Terminalia chebula Retz. (TC), Terminalia bellerica Roxb. (TB), Berberis aristata DC. (BA), Nyctanthes arbostratis L. (NA), Premna integrifolia L. (PI), and Andrographis paniculata Nees. (AP). Analysis of PHE results revealed phytochemicals like glycosides, flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, phytosterols, and saponins. The aim of the study was to prepare an ethanolic extract of PHE using the cold maceration technique, and identify bioactive molecules from gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, and evaluate biological responses by using in vitro studies like antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity. PHE was found to contain a total of 35 phytochemicals in GC-MS of which 22 bioactive compounds were obtained in good proportion. There are a few new ones, including 2-buten-1-ol, 2-ethyl-4-(2, 2, 3-trimethyl-3-cyclopenten-1-yl (17.22%), 1, 2, 5, 6-tetrahydrobenzonitrile (4.26%), 4-piperidinamine, 2, 2, 6, 6-tetramethyl-(0.07%), undecanoic acid, 5-chloro-, chloromethyl ester (0.41%), are identified. Antioxidant activity was estimated using EC50 values of 392.143µg/ml, which were comparable to the standard value of EC50 310.513µg/ml obtained using DPPH. Antioxidant activity was estimated with EC50 392.143µg/ml, comparable to standard EC50 310.513µg/ml using DPPH. In vitro anti-inflammatory potential was found with IC50 of 91.449µg/ml, comparable to standard IC50 89.451µg/ml for membrane stabilization and IC50 of 36.940µg/ml, comparable to standard IC50 35.723µg/ml for protein denaturation assays. As a result, the findings of this study show an enrichment of bioactive phytochemicals that can be used to investigate biological activity. To better understand how diabetes receptors work, in silico studies like docking could be carried out.

Effect of Poly Herbal Extract of Curcuma Amada Rhizome and Sida Spinosa Leaves on STZ-Induced Tissue Damage Marker Enzymes

Diabetes mellitus (DM) remains a global health challenge with rising prevalence and associated complications. Among its various forms, Type 2 Diabetes (T2DM) poses a significant health concern. Chronic hyperglycemia in T2DM leads to oxidative stress, which, in turn, contributes to tissue damage and dysfunction. The present study investigates the potential therapeutic impact of a poly-herbal extract comprising Curcuma amada rhizome and Sida spinosa leaves on tissue damage marker enzymes in a Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic animal model. Curcuma amada, known as mango ginger, and Sida spinosa have long been acknowledged for their medicinal properties, often attributed to their rich content of bioactive compounds such as curcuminoids and flavonoids. These compounds possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, making them promising candidates for mitigating oxidative stress-induced tissue damage. In this research, an animal model for T2DM was induced using STZ, followed by the administration of the poly-herbal extract. Blood glucose levels were monitored throughout the study, and various tissue samples, including liver and kidney, were analyzed to assess the activity levels of tissue damage marker enzymes such as alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum creatinine, and blood urea nitrogen (BUN). The findings of this study aim to shed light on the potential protective effects of the poly-herbal extract against STZ-induced tissue damage marker enzyme alterations. A thorough examination of these effects will offer insights into the therapeutic potential of herbal remedies in mitigating complications associated with T2DM. This research adds to the growing body of knowledge on complementary treatments for diabetes, bringing us one step closer to a more comprehensive understanding of the therapeutic potential of natural compounds in managing this widespread and challenging condition.

Evaluation of the Anticancer Potential of Morus nigra and Ocimum basilicum Mixture against Different Cancer Cell Lines: An In Vitro Evaluation.

Morus nigra (M) and Ocimum basilicum (O) mixture (MO2) extract was extracted using hexane (MO2H), chloroform (MO2C), ethyl acetate (MO2E), and methanol (MO2M) in a Soxhlet apparatus. The cytotoxicity was evaluated using MTT (3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide) assay. The IC50 values of the MO2C-treated cancer cells were 11.31 μg/mL (MDA-MB-231), 15.45 μg/mL (MCF-7), 18.9 μg/mL (HepG2), 26.33 μg/mL (Huh-7), 30.17 μg/mL (LoVo), and 36.76 μg/mL (HCT116). MO2C-treated cells showed cellular and nuclear morphological alterations like chromatin condensation and formation of apoptotic bodies as observed using light and fluorescent microscopy. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties were investigated in vitro using 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and egg albumin denaturation assays. It was evident that the MO2M extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (18.13%), followed by the MO2E extract (12.25%), MO2C extract (9.380%), and MO2H extract (6.31%). The highest inhibition percentage of albumin denaturation was observed in MO2H (28.54%), followed by MO2M (4.32%) at 0.2 and 0.1 mg/mL concentrations, respectively. The compounds identified using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis for MO2C extract were α-trans-bergamotene, germacrene D, selin-4,7(11)-diene, 2 tridecen-1-ol, and 2-decen-1-ol. The present study reveals that MO2C has promising anticancer activity and may serve as a potent polyherbal extract in cancer treatment.

Transmission Electron Microscopic (TEM) analysis of STZ-diabetes induced Cardiac Structural changes in Rats.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a global health crisis, imposing a substantial burden on both healthcare systems and individuals due to its chronic nature and associated complications. Among these complications, cardiovascular diseases rank as the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in people with diabetes. Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM), a distinctive form of heart disease, is characterized by structural and functional abnormalities within the heart, independent of conventional cardiovascular risk factors. The multifaceted pathophysiology of DCM involves factors like hyperglycemia-induced oxidative stress, inflammation, altered myocardial metabolism, and fibrosis, collectively leading to cardiac tissue structural changes and impaired function. Streptozotocin (STZ), a compound derived from Streptomyces achromogenes, is commonly used to induce diabetes in animal models, particularly rodents, making it a valuable tool for simulating diabetes in laboratory settings. Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) provides a powerful means to investigate ultrastructural changes within cardiac tissues at the microscopic level, encompassing myofibrillar structure, mitochondrial integrity, sarcoplasmic reticulum, and interstitial components. Figure-1 illustrates the pathological changes caused by STZ-induced diabetes in experimental animals, showing structural alterations in cardiac and brain tissues. Notably, the use of a polyherbal extract containing Curcuma amada rhizome and Sida spinosa leaves appears to mitigate some of the detrimental effects of STZ-induced diabetes on cardiac cells, suggesting potential protective benefits.

Linkus lozenges with polyherbal extract based on their design, development, and evaluation for symptomatic relief

Lozenges are solid dose preparations that are meant to dissolve slowly in the mouth for therapeutic effect. Respiratory infections are frequent infections that often infect the respiratory tract, causing symptoms such as headaches and body aches, fever, sleepiness, runny nose, congestion, and cough. Humanity has employed traditional medicine and herbal mixtures to heal and treat a variety of ailments and problems. People have used natural ingredients as remedies from ancient ages. Ayurveda, Siddha, & Unani plants are formulated in different dose forms such as churna, gutika, asavas, aristasavlehas, so on and so forth. Various formulations are frequently used, with Ayurvedic reference, as a domestic remedy, or as a conventional medicine. Balguti, Sitopaladi churn and Sootshekharmatra are a few herbal preparations that are regularly utilised in various households. These formulations each possess immunomodulatory, expectorant and antacid characteristics. In our research, we repackaged classic formulas into novel unit dosage forms. Given the importance of patient satisfaction and market considering competitors with modern dosage forms, the present study included phytochemical screening of extracts utilized as well as the manufacture of lozenges containing herbal constituents. It was revealed that formulas passed quality control checks. These herbal preparations would have less negative effects and be favored by the target group.

Enteric-Coated Cologrit Tablet Exhibit Robust Anti-Inflammatory Response in Ulcerative Colitis-like In-Vitro Models by Attuning NFκB-Centric Signaling Axis

Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease that affects the patients' colorectal area culminating in an inflamed 'leaky gut.' The majority of UC treatments only provide temporary respite leading to its relapse. Therefore, this study investigated the efficacy of the enteric-coated 'Cologrit' (EC) tablet in alleviating UC-like inflammation. Cologrit is formulated using polyherbal extracts that have anti-inflammatory qualities according to ancient Ayurveda scriptures. Phytochemical profiling revealed the presence of gallic acid, rutin, ellagic acid, and imperatorin in Cologrit formulation. Cologrit treatment decreased inflammation in LPS-induced transformed THP-1 macrophages, and TNF-α-stimulated human colorectal (HT-29) cells through the modulation of NFκB activity, IL-6 production, and NFκB, IL-1β, IL-8, and CXCL5 mRNA expression levels. Cologrit also lessened human monocytic (U937) cell adhesion to HT29 cells. Methacrylic acid-ethylacrylate copolymer-coating of the enteric Cologrit tablets (EC) supported their dissolution, and the release of phytochemicals in the small intestine pH 7.0 environment in a simulated gastrointestinal digestion model. Small intestine EC digestae effectively abridged dextran sodium sulfate (2.5% w/v)-induced cell viability loss and oxidative stress in human colon epithelial Caco-2 cells. In conclusion, the enteric-coated Cologrit tablets demonstrated good small intestine-specific phytochemical delivery capability, and decreased UC-like inflammation, and oxidative stress through the regulation of TNF-α/NFκB/IL6 signaling axis.

Formulation, Evaluation, and Stability testing of Polyherbal Antidiabetic Capsules

Background: The phytoconstituents of single plants are inadequate to produce the desired efficacy and results. The combination of various herbal drugs in a specific proportion will improve the therapeutic efficacy by simultaneously acting on multiple targets, leading to enhanced patient compliance and therapeutic outcome. The objective of the present study was to formulate a polyherbal dosage form and to evaluate its efficacy and stability. Materials and Methods: The polyherbal extract was prepared by mixing different alcoholic extracts of all four drugs in a ratio of 1:1:1:1. A total of six polyherbal formulations (PHF) prepared were and evaluated for their preformulation studies. The phytoconstituents present were determined through Fourier transformer Infra-Red spectroscopy evaluation. The drug was further filled into capsules of 000 size and checked for all the evaluation parameters of capsules. The drug was checked for stability studies under various conditions. Results: The PHF1 showed the best flow properties. The capsules showed a drug release of 94% in 30 min. The spectroscopic results suggested the presence of terpenes, tannins, phenols, and flavonoids in granules. The capsules were found to be stable in various types of lights but get degraded at 70% humidity and temperatures above 55°C. Conclusion: This releasing pattern of medication from their capsule shell in vitro can be used to anticipate the releasing sequence in vivo. The Polyherbal capsule was shown to be fairly stable in light, temperature, and humidity.

Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Shampoo Containing Different Herbal extract

The aim of the present study is to formulate and evaluate polyherbal shampoo containing natural ingredients with an emphasis on safety and efficacy. It clears dirt and dandruff, promotes hair growth, luster, strengthens and darkens the hair. The shampoo is prepared by taking the polyherbal extract from Hibiscus Flowers, Pomegranate Peels, Neem Leaves, Curry Leaves, Shikakai and Amla Fruit in different proportions. Several physicochemical tests were performed for visual assessment, wetting time, pH, viscosity, assurance of solid contents, surface tension, dirt dispersion, conditioning performance and foam stability. The formulated polyherbal shampoo is brown in color with demonstrable good froth stability, good cleansing ability, low surface tension, optimum pH and conditioning activity. Dirt dispersion of polyherbal shampoo is light in colour along with 25 ml foam height. All these are the ideal characteristics of good quality polyherbal shampoo to be used in daily life. However, further scientific investigation is required for validation of its overall quality.

Biological and Hypoglycemic Effects of a Polyherbal Extract on Alloxanized Diabetic Rats.

The current study investigates the antioxidant, antidiabetic, hepatoprotective, and nephroprotective potentials of a polyherbal mixture containing the methanolic extracts of seeds from Nigella sativa, Cicer arietinum, Silybum marianum, and Citrullus colocynthis and the rhizome of Zingiber officinale. The polyherbal extract (PHE) showed significant total phenolic contents (187.17 GAE/g), ferric reducing power (28%), and radical-scavenging activity (86.16%). The PHE also showed a substantial hypoglycemic effect in alloxan-induced diabetic rats by reducing the blood glucose level of the PHE-treated rats (-48.64%) and increasing the insulin level (107.5%) as compared with the diabetic control group. Likewise, an increase in high-density lipoprotein (HDL) contents (22.95%) with an associated decrease in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) levels (-43.93%) was also noted. A significant decrease in serum levels of liver marker enzymes, e.g., SGPT (-36%), SGOT (-31%), and serum ALP (-12%), was also observed as compared with the standard drug-treated group. Based on the findings of the study, it may be suggested that PHE helps ameliorate the severity of diabetes as a herbal remedy and might be employed in nutra-pharmaceuticals, replacing synthetic antidiabetic compounds.

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND INVITRO EVALUATION OF WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY, POLYHERBAL PREPARATION USING CHICK EMBRYO MODEL

Reportedly, plants such as Cassia angustifolia and Tridax procumbens are used in Siddha medical systems to treat various diseases. Using a chick embryo wound model developed as part of the study, the presented research aimed to determine the wound-healing efficacy of methanol and aqueous extracts of the flowers and leaves. The experimental results show that the methanol extract exhibited good dose-dependent curative efficacy. In the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane excision wound model, the 300g concentration of polyherbal methanol extract increased wound concentration by 50% compared to the negative control model. Compared to single plants and control groups, the results of the polyherbal Preparation were positive. The extract was also a reliable alternative to animal models for the preliminary screening compounds with wound-healing potential.

Antihypoxic activity and anti-ischemic effect of complex herbal remedy

The present study was carried out to determine the antihypoxic and anti-ischemic effects of a polyherbal extract from Astragalus membranaceus, Scutellaria baicalensis and Phlojodicarpus sibiricus. The Wistar rats of both sexes were used in the study. The antihypoxic activity of the extract was studied using hemic and hypobaric models of hypoxia. The anti-ischemic effect of the extract was evaluated by the severity of neurological deficit and survival within 24 hours in model of bilateral occlusion of the common carotid arteries.
 The course administration of the extract (100, 200 mg/kg) had an antihypoxic effect in the model of hemic hypoxia: the reserve time of life increased by 26 and 28%, respectively, compared with the control. The course introduction of the extract at doses of 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg increased the reserve time of life in hypobaric hypoxia by 12.3, 15.5 and 16.7%, respectively, compared with the control
 The administration of the extract (100 and 200 mg/kg) in the model of cerebral ischemia had a cerebroprotective effect: the indicators of neurological deficit were, respectively, less than the control by 34 and 46%, and their survival was 62 and 64%, respectively, against 20% of the survival of rats in the control group. The results of the conducted studies suggest the prospects for further study of the plant extract as a cerebroprojector agent.

Quantitative Estimation of Phytoconstituents, Antioxidants and in vitro Antidiabetic Activity of Polyherbal Extract

Published on: October 2022Journal of Young Pharmacists, 2022; 14(4):382-386Original Article | doi:10.5530/jyp.2022.14.77 Authors:Navjot Kaur1,2,*, Shailesh Sharma31IKGPTU, Jalandhar, Punjab, INDIA.2Rayat Institute of Pharmacy, Railmajra, SBS Nagar, Rail, Punjab, INDIA.3ASBSJSM College of Pharmacy, Bela, Ropar, Punjab, INDIA. Abstract:Background: The herbal antidiabetic drugs are safe but effective alternate to conventional oral antidiabetic therapy. The single phytoconstituents of single plants are inadequate to produce the required efficacy therefore polyherbal can be tested for the desired results. The objective of the present study was the assessment of total phenolic, flavonoids, tannins content, in vitro antioxidant and antidiabetic activity of Azadirachta indica leaves, Picrorhiza kurroa rhizomes, Pterocarpus marsupium heartwood, and Withania coagulans berries and fruit coat. Materials and Methods: The ethanolic extract of all four drugs were prepared and mixed in a ratio of 1:1:1:1 to make the polyherbal extract. It was checked for the presence of phenols, flavonoids, and tannins. The High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic (HPLC) analysis for phenolic compounds as well as the beta carotenoids was done. The in vitro antioxidant activity as well as in vitro antidiabetic activity were calculated. Results: Quantitative estimations showed that maximum phenolic content was in Azadirachta indica and Pterocarpus marsupium, the flavonoid in Withania coagulans, and tannins content in Pterocarpus marsupium. The HPLC analysis showed the marked presence of beta carotenoids along with other phenolic compounds. The radical scavenging activity of Pterocarpus marsupium and the polyherbal extract was comparable to the standard Gallic acid. The total antioxidant capacity of polyherbal extract was found to be 15.22±.051 mg Quercetin equivalent (QE)/g dry plant extract (DPE). The polyherbal extract showed an IC50 value of 58.81 μg/ml in case of α- amylase inhibition and 64.81 μg/ml in case of α- glucosidase inhibition. Conclusion: The antioxidant activity, as well as antidiabetic activity, may be attributed to the phenolic, tannins, flavonoid content as well as beta carotene found in the polyherbal extract.Keywords: Azadirachta indica leaves, Pterocarpus marsupium heartwood, Picrorhiza kurroa rhizomes, and Withania coagulans berries and fruit coat, Antioxidant, In vitro antidiabetic.

Detection of phytoconstituents present in Azadirachta indica L. seeds extract by GC-MS analysis

Azadirachta indica L., commonly known as "Neem," belongs to the Meliaceae family. Traditionally, "Neem" has been used to cure diabetes, leprosy, and respiratory disorders. Azadirachta indica L. seed n-hexane extract was tested using GC-MS to determine the Phyto-components present. The analysis of A. indica L. seeds revealed the existence of Hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester (0.32%), n-Hexadecanoic acid (23.77%), 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)- (0.07%), Methyl stearate (0.21%), Agaricic acid (0.06%), (E)-9-Octadecenoic acid ethyl ester (0.10%), 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z)-, methyl ester (0.48%), 6-Octadecenoic acid, (Z)- (64.25%), 9-Octadecenamide (0.06%), Oleic Acid (0.16%), Heneicosane (0.04%), Tetratetracontane (0.16%), Pentacosane (0.09%), Squalene (1.17%), Tetracontane (0.36%), γ-Tocopherol (0.16%), 2-[2-(6,6-Dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-en-2-yl) ethyl]-6,6-dimethylbicyclo[3.1.1]hept-2-ene (0.44%), γ-Sitosterol (0.25%), Kryptogenin dioxime (1.53%.), 9-Hexadecenoic acid, 9-octadecenyl ester, (Z,Z)- (1.34%.), and Lupa-13(18),20(30)-dien-3-yl acetate (0.17%). The findings of this study provide a foundation for employing A. indica L. seeds as a herbal option for a variety of ailments. GC-MS analysis was used to determine the quality of these substances. In the pharmaceutical industry, GC-MS reports will be useful for identifying a wide range of phyto-bioconstituents in various plant extracts, polyherbal extracts, and the standardization of specific plant materials.

Phytochemical Evaluation and Antioxidant Potential of Polyherbal Extract Mixture-an In Vitro and In Silico Study.

Standardisation of polyherbal formulations plays a key role in estimating the quality and safety of drugs. In this study, a novel polyherbal formulation was prepared for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy and it was attempted to evaluate for its safety and efficacy against free radicals. To ascertain the safety of the formulation, individual herbs and polyherbal formulation have been screened for microbial load, heavy metals, pesticide residues and aflatoxins according to Ayush guidelines. Phytochemical analysis was carried out using standard procedures and GCMS analysis to identify the bioactive compounds. Antioxidant methods such as DPPH, nitric oxide, hydrogen peroxide, hydroxyl and superoxide radical scavenging assays were undertaken. To predict the mechanism behind the antioxidant efficacy, a molecular docking analysis was performed against Keap1/Nrf2 (PDB ID: 2FLU) protein using AutoDock Vina software. Phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavones, glycosides, polyphenols, phytosterols and saponins. The results of in vitro antioxidant studies showed increase in percentage inhibition with increase in concentration and found no significant difference compare with standards. Among the 15 bioactive compounds identified from GCMS analysis, guanosine showed high binding affinity with Keap1/Nrf2 and interacting with similar residues as that of standard ascorbic acid which is analysed through molecular docking. Based on the results, it has been concluded that the safety parameters of polyherbal formulation were found within specified limits of Ayush guidelines and its efficacy against oxidative stress plays an effective role to treat diabetic nephropathy due to its synergistic antioxidant effect.

Nephroprotective Effects of Polyherbal Formulation on Gentamicin-induced Toxicity in Wistar Rats

Effect of a polyherbal formulation (polyherbal alcoholic extract; PAE) prepared from Withania somnifera (root), Aegle marmelos (leaves), Tribulus terrestris (fruit) was studied on gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity. Thirty Wistar rats were equally divided into five groups; group I (control), group II (gentamicin alone), group III (prophylactic), group IV (curative) and group V (formulation alone). Gentamicin caused signs of depression, dullness, polyurea, restlessness, reduced body weight, and reduced water and feed intake. These toxicity signs were recovered in the PAE pre-treated prophylactic group; however, in the PAE-treated therapeutic group, some mild toxicity signs were noticed and subsided gradually. Gentamicin increased relative kidney weight but in groups III and IV animals, no significant effect was observed. The Hb, PCV, TEC, TLC and MCV of group II animals revealed a significant decrease, whereas; BUN, creatinine, AST, ALT, ALP, total protein, albumin and globulin were significantly increased. The PAE treatment caused significant recovery in these hematobiochemical parameters in groups III and IV. Gentamicin caused histopathological alterations in kidney represented by focal renal degenerative and necrotic changes, with intratubular hyaline cast. In PAE-treated groups III and IV, minimal histopathological alterations were seen. In conclusion, PAE showed significant protective and moderate therapeutic potential against gentamicin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats.

In-vivo evaluation and formulation development of polyherbal extract in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat

BackgroundThe research focuses on polyherbal antidiabetic extracts from various plants that are utilized in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus at various doses. Ayurvedic treatment is widely accepted throughout due to their efficacy, safety, less price, ubiquity, and acceptance. Polyherbal medicines, contain glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, and other compounds that have unique mode of action to treat diabetes, have long been used across the world. This study was carried out to investigate the hypoglycemic effects and antihyperglycemic activity of polyherbal (PH) extract in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Along with this, the antioxidant and antihyperlipidemic activity of Polyherbal extract (PH) were also studied. Further, polyherbal tablets were formulated and evaluated. MethodPolyherbal extract (hydroalcoholic) was tested for the hypoglycemic activity for 4 h in normoglycemic rats, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (2 h), and antihyperglycemic activity (28 days) in non-diabetic and STZ-induced diabetic rats. Further, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activity were also studied along with histopathology and pre & post-compression tablet data. The effective antidiabetic activity was observed for PH I (400 mg/kg followed 200 mg/kg). OGTT has shown that PH I (200 mg/kg) extract is having a better glucose utilization capacity. The data also propose that PH I (400 mg/kg followed 200 mg/kg) exhibit significant and consistent hypoglycemic activity. ResultsOur findings explain that polyherbal extract in variant doses has antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activity, which is manifested by decreasing total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL, VLDL and MDA level. The extract also increased the HDL, SOD and reduced glutathione level in various treatment groups. The data propose that the combined extract showed a consistent and ameliorated hepatic and renal function, in the treatment groups. Polyherbal extract PH I (400 mg/kg) have manifested the most effective improvements in diabetic complications. All the pre & post-compression tablet data were within limits. The above results propose that this Polyherbal extract may be a potential source for the development of the new antidiabetic drug. ConclusionsThe proposed activity of the polyherbal extract is supported by various biochemical and histopathologic analyses. By examining its safety and in vivo efficacy, the combination of ayurvedic components will give us a novel glimmer of hope for the lifestyle illness.

Identification of Chemical Constituents, Chromatographic profiling of PHE (Poly Herbal Extract) of selected Indian Medicinal Herbs and its Antioxidant activity Evaluation

The present study attempts to investigate the antioxidant activity and chromatographic profiling using HPLC and GC-MS technique of selected Indian Medicinal herbs. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of the methanolic extract of whole plant of Marsilea-quadrifolia (Sample 1), whole plant of Trigonella-foenum-graecum (sample 2), flowers of Cassia-auriculata (Sample 3), leaves of Mangifera-indica (sample 4), flower of Musa-paradisiaca (Sample 5), seeds of Eugenia-jambolana (sample 6), leaves of Aegle-marmelos (sample 7) and poly herbal Extract (PHE) with equal ratio of the mixture of the seven plants powder (Sample 8) were investigated by DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl) assay, Hydrogen peroxide assay and Nitric oxide scavenging activity. Percentage of inhibition and half-inhibition concentration, IC50 values were reported. GC-MS and HPLC analysis of PHE revealed the presence of various Chemical compounds which mainly includes polyphenols and flavanoids responsible for antioxidant activity.

Evaluation of Anti-ulcer activity of Polyherbal preparation in Ulcerogenic Wistar rats

Ulcer is painful open discontinuation or breaking on the skin or mucous membrane that destruct the organ from doing its normal functions. Ayurvedic preparations are in lead because of side effects of allopathic drug. This polyherbal combination was prepared by using previous studies that showing the individual plant have antiulcer activity but there is no polyherbal combination of them. Therefore, the present study was to evaluate the anti-ulcer activity of polyherbal preparation using wistar albino rats against pylorus ligation induced gastric ulcer and ethanol induced gastric ulcer. Rats were treated at the doses of 200mg/kg and 400mg/kg body weight using polyherbal extract and the effect was compared with omeprazole (10mg/kg) as standard drug. The ulcer index was reduced by the extract there was significant difference at dose of 200mg/kg (p˂0.05) and 400mg/kg (p˂0.01) in ethanol induced ulcer model and 200mg/kg (p˂0.05) and 400mg/kg (p˂0.05) in pylorus ligation model when compared to the disease control group animal. The antiulcer activity as seen by reduction in gastric juice volume, percentage of ulcer protection, ulcer index, increase free acidity, total acidity, and pH. This polyherbal preparation shows antiulcer activity because these plants have antioxidant, antisecretory and cytoprotective activity. So, we can conclude that the polyherbal preparation has good antiulcer activity.

Amelioration of hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in a high-fat diet-fed mice by supplementation of a developed optimized polyherbal formulation.

This study evaluated in vivo anti-diabetic and anti-obesity activity of a polyherbal formulation's methanolic extract containing an optimized ratio of edible seeds (Salvia hispanica, Chenopodium quinoa, Nelumbo nucifera). Diet-induced obese mice model (C57BL/6) was developed by feeding the mice ahigh-fat diet for 10weeks resulting in hyperglycemia and obesity. Different doses (125, 250 and 500mg/kg of body weight) of formulation were administered orally daily for 6weeks. Fasting blood glucose and body weight were monitored throughout the study. At the end of the study, serum parameters were analyzed and histological examinations were performed. There was a significant reduction in fasting blood glucose levels and body weight in animal groups receiving polyherbal formulation. Lipid profile was improved as revealed by a reduction in serum triglycerides and total cholesterol. Histological study showed an improvement in liver, kidney and pancreatic sections of treated mice. High-performance thin layer chromatography was performed to identify the phytochemicals responsible for the above-mentioned bioactivities. The results revealed the presence of flavonoid (rutin) in seeds of N.nucifera and in the polyherbal formulation. For the first time, this study demonstrated the anti-diabetic and anti-obesity potential of the optimized formulation. The formulation can be used as a potential therapy for management of diabesity.

In Vivo Efficacy, Toxicity Assessment, and Elemental Analysis of Traditionally Used Polyherbal Recipe for Diarrhea.

A polyherbal formulation consisting of Mentha piperita L., Camellia sinensis L. Kuntze, and Elettaria cardamomum (L.) Maton with a ratio of 10 : 5 : 2, respectively, was recommended for curing nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. Experimental validation is crucial to affirm its therapeutic property leads toward the development of modified antidiarrheal agents. This research aimed to investigate the in vivo antidiarrheal efficacy of traditionally used polyherbal recipe in a castor oil-induced animal model. Moreover, the study also presents the elemental screening and in vivo toxicity of tested polyherbal recipe. Individual plant parts of the polyherbal recipe were mixed according to the traditional prescription ratio, and hydromethanolic extract was prepared by the cold maceration process. The antidiarrheal activity was assessed by castor oil induction method, charcoal meal test, and enteropooling procedure in Sprague-Dawley rats. Elemental analysis and in vivo subacute toxicity were carried out, followed by biochemical, hematological, and histopathological analyses. Polyherbal extract significantly delayed the diarrhea onset in a dose-dependent manner and showed marked inhibition at 200 and 400 mg/kg. Fecal weight was reduced significantly (p < 0.05) at 200 mg/kg (0.26 ± 0.25) in comparison with the control (1.63 ± 0.15). The diarrhea score was zero at a concentration of 200 and 400 mg/kg. Antienteropooling effect of the extract was greater than that of loperamide. Following subacute toxicity, all the treated rats were normal, survived, and showed no changes in behavior. There were no significant differences between values of blood parameters in both the control and extract-treated groups except a significant decrease in monocytes (control 8.4; polyherbal 2.2). Elemental analysis showed a slight increase in the amount of manganese (Mn, 8.076 ppm) as compared to the WHO recommended level (2 ppm). Traditionally used polyherbal recipe is effective and safe for combating diarrheal diseases. In vivo evidence supported the use, safety, and efficacy of the polyherbal recipe that has been used as an alternative medicine for diarrhea in the study area. Inhibition of castor oil-induced diarrhea and antisecretory effect of the studied polyherbal recipe makes it a potent antidiarrheal drug without no or limited toxic effects at the tested dose after further analysis.