Polyherbal Formulation Research Articles

Phytochemical screening and standardization of Chiruvilwadi Kashayam: An Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation

Phytochemical screening and standardization of Chiruvilwadi Kashayam: An Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation

The standardized Jamu pahitan, an Indonesian antidiabetic formulation, stimulating the glucose uptake and insulin secretion in the in-vitro models

Jamu pahitan is a polyherbal formulation commonly used for the traditional management of diabetes in Indonesia and is mainly prepared from Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees. It is widely varied in herbal composition for every region has their own plant component addition to the formulation. A version of the formulation used in the greater Surakarta area contained five plant constituents. This study evaluated the in-vitro glucose uptake and insulin secretion stimulatory activities of Jamu pahitan to provide scientific evidence on its efficacy and safety of use. The water and ethanol extracts of three Jamu pahitan formulations were prepared. The total phenolic content (TPC) of the extracts was evaluated by the standard Folin-Ciocalteau method. Their effects on the viability of L6 skeletal muscle and RIN-m5F pancreatic cells were evaluated by a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. The glucose utilized by L6 myotubes treated with Jamu pahitan was assessed indirectly by the glucose oxidase method. The insulin secreted by RIN-m5F treated with the formulation extracts was analyzed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The correlation between TPC and the profile of safety and efficacy of the formulation was statistically evaluated. The water extracts of Jamu pahitan were safe and exerted significant glucose uptake and insulin secretion stimulatory activity in L6 and RIN-m5F, respectively. The ethanol extracts showed more potent effects than their water counterpart, albeit they exerted cytotoxic effects on the cells at the higher tested concentrations. The formulations at lower concentrations stimulated the proliferation of RIN-m5F. In addition, the TPC was strongly correlated with the glucose uptake and insulin secretion stimulatory activities and also the IC50 of the cells in positive manner. The present study supported the use of Jamu pahitan for the traditional management of diabetes in Indonesia by stimulating glucose uptake in the muscle cells and improving insulin secretion in β-cells.

High Performance Thin Layer Chromatographic Standardization and Quantification of Marker Compounds in an Ayurvedic Polyherbal Formulation Padmakadi Churna

Indian Journal of Natural Products,2022,36,1,24-27.DOI:10.5530/ijnp.2022.1.4Published:February 2023Type:Original ArticleAuthors:Ravichand Meshram, Umakant Sahu, Arun K S Parihar, Prashant K Gupta, and Nagendra Singh Chauhan Author(s) affiliations:Ravichand Meshram1, Umakant Sahu2, Arun K S Parihar2, Prashant K Gupta1,3, Nagendra Singh Chauhan2,* 1Shri Narayan Prasad Awasthi Government Ayurved College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, INDIA. 2Drugs Testing Laboratory Avam Anusandhan Kendra, G.E. Road, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, INDIA. 3Department of Kaumarabhritya, All India Institute of Ayurveda, New Delhi, INDIA. Abstract:The aim of this study was to find out a simple, accurate and sensitive HPTLC method for the detection and quantification of marker molecule Gallic and Piperine in Padmakadi churna for standardization. Ethanolic extraction was performed for analysis. HPTLC was done using gallic acid and Piperine as a standard. The mobile phase was a mixture of Toulene:ethyl acetate:Ethanol:Formic acid (6:3:1:0.3 v/v/v) and detection at 254 nm. The Rf was detected at - 0.39 for Gallic acid and Rf - 0.55 for Piperine was identified in Padmakadi Churna. The simple and sensitive HPTLC method was successfully developed for determination of Gallic acid and Piperine in Padmakadi Churna. The proposed HPTLC method was found to be simple, fast and inexpensive, and can be used for the routine quality control of raw materials. Keywords:Gallic acid, HPTLC, Padmakadi Churna, Physiochemical, Piperine, Standardization.View:PDF (510.58 KB)

Effect of Glutathione Enriched Polyherbal Formulation on Streptozotocin Induced Diabetic Model by Regulating Oxidative Stress and PKC Pathway

Pharmacognosy Research,2023,15,2,347-355.DOI:10.5530/pres.15.2.037Published:February 2023Type:Original Article Authors:Sheethal S, Ratheesh M, Svenia P Jose, and Sandya S Author(s) affiliations:Sheethal S1, Ratheesh M2,*, Svenia P Jose2, Sandya S3 1Department of Chemistry, St. Thomas College, Palai, Kottayam, Kerala, INDIA. 2Department of Biochemistry, St. Thomas College, Palai, Kottayam, Kerala, INDIA. 3Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, Karnataka, INDIA. Abstract:Background: Increasing evidence shows that oxidative stress is one of the root causes of metabolic disorders like diabetes. Glucose oxidation and activation of various metabolic pathways lead to a disproportionate generation of free radicals. This will significantly reduce the antioxidant status in the body. Objectives: In the present study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of a novel glutathione enriched polyherbal formulation on a streptozotocin induced diabetic model. Materials and Methods: Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin. After 3 days of injection, Glibenclamide (5mg/kg), and glutathione enriched polyherbal formulation were given orally for 28 days. Fasting blood glucose and body weight changes were measured at specific intervals. For the study, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation products, nitrite, liver enzyme markers, gene expression of GLUT–2, and PKC levels were evaluated. Histopathological analysis was also done. Results: The result shows that glutathione enriched polyherbal formulation treated rats significantly reduced their blood glucose and maintained their body weight. As a result, the GLUT–2 expression was reduced, which prevented the activation of PKC. Moreover, oxidative stress was reduced by improving antioxidants like SOD, CAT, GPx, and GSH by inhibiting the lipid peroxidation process. In addition, hepatic damage was also prevented by protecting the liver cells, and thereby shielding the excessive leakage of SGOT, SGPT, and ALP enzymes. The histopathological analysis of the liver gives more support to other data. Conclusion: Findings show that glutathione–enriched polyherbal formulations have a powerful anti-diabetic effect by inhibiting oxidative stress and thus blocking PKC activation. Keywords:Antioxidants, Diabetes, Glucose transporter, Oxidative stress, PKCView:PDF (920.26 KB)

ORAL HEALTH PROTECTION THROUGH AN AYURVEDA POLY HERBAL FORMULATION- AN IN VITRO STUDY

Introduction: Natural medicines prescribed by the traditional Ayurvedic medical system of Sri Lanka have been extensively used to treat and prevent oral diseases.Objective: Here, we investigated the antimicrobial effect of Ayurveda polyherbal formulation, mentioned in authentic text as Gandusha (mouth wash) consisting of Jasminum officinale leaves, Terminalia chebula fruits, Tinospora cordifolia stem, Desmodium triflorum whole plant and Glycyrrhiza glabra roots.Methods: Anti-microbial susceptibility of the poly herbal preparation against common oral pathogens (Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Enterococcus faecalis) was tested using agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory (MIC) was expressed in mg of freeze-dried extract per millilitres of agar solution.Results: The plant extract has considerable antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Enterococcus faecalis. The lowest MIC of 250mg/ml was shown against Enterococcus faecalis and Staphylococcus aureus.Conclusions: The polyherbal formulation is effective in mitigating the bacterial growth and hence enhance the oral health protection.

TLC-bioautography-MS-based Identification of Antioxidant, α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Compounds in a Polyherbal Formulation “Sugreen-120”

Background Sugreen-120 is one of the famous Indian polyherbal formulations used for the treatment of diabetes. Due to a lack of scientific evidence, the present study is aimed at investigating the phytopharmacology of Sugreen-120 concerning its antioxidant and antidiabetic characteristics. Materials and Methods Total phenols and flavonoid content followed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity was estimated in Sugreen-120. α-Amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory action of Sugreen-120 was estimated to evaluate its antidiabetic potential. Thin layer chromatography (TLC)-bioautography-MS analysis was performed to determine DPPH free radical, α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory phytoconstituents in Sugreen-120. High performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC)-based quantitative analysis of Sugreen-120 was performed for the simultaneous separation of caffeic acid and kaempferol. In silico docking analysis was performed to determine the effect of Sugreen-120 metabolites against α-amylase and α-glucosidase enzymes. Results The results showed that Sugreen-120 is enriched in total phenols and flavonoids and even has good potential to scavenge DPPH free radicals with an inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 414.59 ± 4.925 µg/mL. In α-amylase and α-glucosidase inhibitory assays, the efficacy of Sugreen-120 was found in a dose-dependent manner and the IC50 values were found as 220.106 ± 1.375 and 441.44 ± 1.992 µg/mL, respectively. TLC-bioautographic analysis showed that 06 constituents were found active against DPPH free radical, 04 constituents active against α-amylase and 03 constituents active against α-glucosidase. A HPTLC quantitative study revealed the content of caffeic acid and kaempferol to be 5.233 ± 0.026 and 16.959 ± 0.036 µg/mg, respectively. In silico docking analysis showed that out of 5 identified metabolites, myricetin, ellagic acid, and kaempferol were found with significant interaction with α-amylase and α-glucosidase proteins. Hence, it can be concluded that Sugreen-120 exhibits not only an antidiabetic effect but also antioxidant potential. It can be a palliative choice and an alternative that can be used for the treatment of diabetes.

Network analysis for identifying potential anti-virulence targets from whole transcriptome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus exposed to certain anti-pathogenic polyherbal formulations.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a serious global threat. Identification of novel antibacterial targets is urgently warranted to help antimicrobial drug discovery programs. This study attempted identification of potential targets in two important pathogens Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. Transcriptomes of P. aeruginosa and S. aureus exposed to two different quorum-modulatory polyherbal formulations were subjected to network analysis to identify the most highly networked differentially expressed genes (hubs) as potential anti-virulence targets. Genes associated with denitrification and sulfur metabolism emerged as the most important targets in P. aeruginosa. Increased buildup of nitrite (NO2) in P. aeruginosa culture exposed to the polyherbal formulation Panchvalkal was confirmed through in vitro assay too. Generation of nitrosative stress and inducing sulfur starvation seemed to be effective anti-pathogenic strategies against this notorious gram-negative pathogen. Important targets identified in S. aureus were the transcriptional regulator sarA, immunoglobulin-binding protein Sbi, serine protease SplA, the saeR/S response regulator system, and gamma-hemolysin components hlgB and hlgC. Further validation of the potential targets identified in this study is warranted through appropriate invitro and in vivo assays in model hosts. Such validated targets can prove vital to many antibacterial drug discovery programs globally.

Marker-based standardization of polyherbal capsule formulation by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)–densitometric method using andrographolide and catechin

Marker-based standardization of polyherbal capsule formulation by high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC)–densitometric method using andrographolide and catechin

Estimation of scopoletin from a polyherbal formulation composition using HPLC coupled with fluorescence detector through the concept of Design of Experiment.

High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled with a fluorescence detector was used to analyse bioactive phytoconstituent scopoletin from a polyherbal composition derived from the extract prepared from roots of Argyreia nervosa, roots of Withania somnifera, and fruits of Tribulus terrestris. This analytical method was developed as a quality control tool for standardization of the composition to be formulated to enhance spermatogenesis. Chromatographic separation was achieved using Luna® (250 mm × 4.6mm, 100 Å, 5μm) C18 column as a stationary phase, and water (0.01 M glacial acetic acid):methanol: acetonitrile (60:20:20, %v/v/v) as the mobile phase; passed through the column at a set flow rate of 1.0ml min-1 . The elute in the flow cell was excited at 345 nm and the chromatogram was recorded at 444 nm as the emission wavelength. As a part of the analytical Quality by Design approach, systemic studies were conducted to identify potential risks affecting the critical attributes (area, resolution, retention time) of the analytical method, and mitigating the potential risks after optimizing the chromatographic parameters with the help of the Design of Experiment approach. The developed analytical method was subjected to the validation studies, which showed a linear relationship (r2 = 0.9982) between the concentration and the area corresponding to scopoletin peak in the concentration range 10-130 ng ml-1 . The method was found selective, sensitive, and precise. The recovery of the scopoletin was found in a range 99.53-102.13%; confirming the accuracy of the analytical method. The amount of scopoletin was estimated to be 0.146%w/w from the polyherbal composition.

Evaluation of subacute toxicity of a polyherbal nootropic formulation in Wistar albino rats

In ayurvedic system of traditional medicine, 'medhyarasayanas' — decoction of selected plants are used to improve intellect or cognition abilities. Here, we investigated one such polyherbal formulation (PHF) with ingredients Bacopa monniera, Glycyrrhiza glabra, Valeriana wallechii and Withania somnifera used as a facilitator of learning, retention and recall. We evaluated the safety of this PHF in animal models. We performed acute oral toxicity test using 2000 mg/kg of the formulation as per OECD guideline 423 and observed for toxicity over 14 days. Thereafter, we divided them into four groups of six animals each and administered Normal saline 5 mL/kg, The PHF (Wilmer®) @500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg in the respective groups over 28 days. We observed no mortality or physical and behavioural abnormalities in both acute and subacute toxicity study. On the 28th day, animals were sacrificed, blood collected for estimation of haematological and biochemical parameters and histopathological examination of organs was performed. There was significant difference (P <0.05) in Mean ± SEM values of haemoglobin, total cholesterol, total protein, ALT, AST, ALP and serum creatinine in the test groups compared to control as analysed by One-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. We observed steatosis and ballooning of hepatocytes, lymphocytic periglomerular infiltrate, eosinophilic hyaline casts and renal tubular coagulation necrosis in histopathology of test groups. Haematologic abnormalities (decrease in haemoglobin concentration), hepatotoxic, nephrotoxic and dyslipidemic effects of the tested PHF were seen in the rats in subacute toxicity study over 28 days, which could be due to the individual plant products, microbial contamination or heavy metals in the formulation in excess of regulatory limits. Hence, it needs further safety evaluation in animals and humans.

Effect of Polyherbal Formulation (PHF) and its comparative study with other treatment in different types of dermatitis (Eczema) in experimental animals

Atopic dermatitis (AD) and allergic contact dermatitis are skin disorders that are a type of eczema. AD is a childhood disorder & allergic contact dermatitis. When the skin touches irritating bacteria, the skin inflammation causes itching and redness. The Poly Herbal Formulation uses this content: chaulmoogra oil 10%, neem oil 8%, and Karanja oil 30%, then made into an ointment. They are using this ointment topically for mice's skin after 30 days of redness, itching, dryness, and inflammation necessary for the basic treatment. This paper provides a different study of eczema AD & contact allergic dermatitis by using a polyherbal formulation.

Effect of Polyherbal Formulation (PHF) and its comparative study with other treatment in different types of dermatitis (Eczema) in experimental animals

Effect of Polyherbal Formulation (PHF) and its comparative study with other treatment in different types of dermatitis (Eczema) in experimental animals

FORMULATION AND PHYSICOCHEMICAL EVALUATION OF POLYHERBAL ACNE SOAP USING SELECTED MEDICINAL PLANTS

Acne, commonly referred to as acne vulgaris, is a chronic skin disease due to abnormalities of sebum production in sebaceous glands caused by staphylococcus epidermis bacteria. Antibiotics that suppress Propionibacterium acnes are the standard acne treatment but are becoming less effective due to the appearance of antibiotic-resistant strains. Acne vulgaris suppresses an individual's self-confidence by causing distress concerning the physical appearance, which affects a significant number of individuals during puberty and is delineated by adolescence. Several treatments have been introduced to decrease the aesthetic and psychological problems caused by acne. Bacterial skin infections are most common, requiring significant attention for treatment and maintaining healthy skin. Alternative and complementary medicine, including medicinal plants, is becoming increasingly popular, also among patients suffering from acne and infectious skin diseases. Medicinal plants have a long history of use and have been shown to possess low side effects. These plants are a reliable source for the preparation of new drugs. Some herbal plant powders have antibacterial activity.
 The present study aims to formulate antibacterial poly herbal face soap using Neem powder, Fuller's earth, Lemon peel, Activated Charcoal, Sandalwood powder, Tea Tree Essential Oil, and Tocopherol. The antibacterial activity of the prepared formulation was tested using the agar well diffusion method against the organism Staphylococcus aureus. The prepared polyherbal formulation exhibited an excellent antibacterial effect. The prepared formulation was evaluated for various physicochemical parameters such as organoleptic characteristics, pH, foam height & retention, skin irritation, & high-temperature stability, for which good characteristics were observed. Prepared Polyherbal soap had a good appearance, better cleansing & foaming effect & did not have any side effects.

Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Proliferation and Secretion of Type I Interferon after Treatment with Polyherbal Formulations Fractions

Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Proliferation and Secretion of Type I Interferon after Treatment with Polyherbal Formulations Fractions

Analytical method development and validation for the simultaneous estimation of quercetin, berberine, rutin and curcumin in a polyherbal formulation using high-performance thin-layer chromatography

Analytical method development and validation for the simultaneous estimation of quercetin, berberine, rutin and curcumin in a polyherbal formulation using high-performance thin-layer chromatography

Pharmacognostical and Phytochemical Evaluation of a Unani Polyherbal Formulation: Dawa ul Kurkum by HPTLC

Background: Dawa ul Kurkum (Duk) is a widely used Unani formulation. It consists of seven plant herbs, including stigmas of Crocus sativus L., rhizomes of Nardostachys jatamansi (D.Don) DC., the bark of Cinnamomum cassia (L.) J. Presl., shoot of Cymbopogon jwarancusa (Jones ex Roxb.) Schult., the resin of Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari, roots of Saussurea lappa (Decne.) Sch.Bip., and bark of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Blume. However, no study has been previously conducted to characterize this formulation. Thus, the present study was designed to carry out the pharmacognostic and phytochemical characterization of Duk. Methods: Duk was prepared following the protocols in Bayaz e Kabeer and The National Formulary of Unani Medicine Part-I. The characterization included organoleptic properties, fluorescence analysis, preliminary phytochemical screening, antioxidant activity, and active constituent profiling using HPTLC. Results: Evaluation of Duk showed the presence of carbohydrates, flavonoids, quinones, glycosides, cardiac glycosides, terpenoids, phenols, coumarin, steroids, and phytosterols. The total phenolic and flavonoid content was 5.75 ± 0.23 mg GAE/g and 10 ± 0.18 mg QUE/g, respectively. HPTLC of Duk showed the presence of p-coumaric acid, cinnamaldehyde, citral, crocin, isovaleric acid, guggulsterone, and dehydrocostus lactone. Conclusions: Our findings supported the use of Duk as a conventional medicine, and these results could be used as a reference for the standardization of Duk.

Multi-Mechanistic and Therapeutic Exploration of Nephroprotective Effect of Traditional Ayurvedic Polyherbal Formulation Using In Silico, In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches.

Based on traditional therapeutic claims, NEERI KFT (a traditional Ayurvedic polyherbal preparation) has been innovatively developed in recent time on the decades of experience for treating kidney dysfunction. Due to the lack of scientific evidence, the present investigations are needed to support the rationale use of NEERI KFT. Considering the facts, the study investigated the nephroprotective effect of NEERI KFT against kidney dysfunction using in silico, in vitro and in vivo approaches. In this study, phytochemical and network pharmacology studies were performed for the developed formulation to evaluate the molecular mechanism of NEERI KFT in the amelioration of kidney disease. In vitro nephroprotective and antioxidant effect of NEERI KFT was determined on HEK 293 cells against cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity and oxidative stress. In vivo nephroprotective effect of NEERI KFT was determined against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats, via assessing biochemical markers, antioxidant enzymes and inflammatory cytokines such as TNF-α, IL-1β, CASP-3, etc. The results showed that the compounds such as gallic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid are the major constituents of NEERI KFT, while network pharmacology analysis indicated a strong interaction between polyphenols and several genes (CASPs, ILs, AGTR1, AKT, ACE2, SOD1, etc.) involved in the pathophysiology of kidney disease. In vivo studies showed a significant (p < 0.05) ameliorative effect on biochemical markers and antioxidant enzymes (SOD, CAT, GSH, etc.), and regulates inflammatory cytokine (TNF-α, IL-1β, CASP-3) expression in kidney tissue. Hence, it can be concluded that NEERI KFT subsequently alleviates renal dysfunction mediated by cisplatin via attenuating oxidative and inflammatory stress, thus preserving the normalcy of kidney function.

Formulation and development of Oral herbal liquid dosage form with its quality evaluation parameters

The present work deals with the formulation and development of oral herbal liquid dosage and its comparative study with marketed dosage for quality evaluation parameters. We have used different Poly-herbs for the formulation of syrup because they expressed high effectiveness in a vast number of diseases. As aforementioned the therapeutic effect of herbal medicines is exerted due to the presence of different constituents and the effects are further potentiated when compatible herbals are formulated together in PHFs (Poly-herbal formulations). PHF show compatible effect with those of standard allopathic drugs. We had tested its Quality control pre and post-formulation evaluation parameters. The Quality control tests for developed herbal syrup include: Physical appearance (Color, Odor, and Taste), Clarity tests, solubility tests, pH, Density, Viscosity, Specific gravity, Refractive index, FTIR study of active constituent used in herbal syrup. This syrup is also tested for acute oral toxicity study (LD50), Antioxidant activity by using Nitric oxide free radical scavenging method, and hepato-protective activity by using paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. From the obtained results, we concluded that formulated poly-herbal syrup passed all quality control tests and also proved its effectiveness. The formulation F2 and F3 were the best poly-herbal formulation and it was selected for further study. In hepato-protective activity, F2 formulation when compared with the standard formulation of silymarin have shown good results.

Significance of Tikta Skanda dravyas of Charaka Samhita in Asthivaha Sroto vikaras – A review

Ayurveda, which literally means the science of life, is the natural healing system of India. Its originality and holistic approach whose principles of therapeutics are applicable universally remain time tested even to this day. In the course of life span, plants make an immense impact as either food or medicine. Charaka Samhita, one among the Bruhatrayi, contains information about evidence as well as experienced based medicine with many single drug or poly-herbal formulations along with mineral and animal origin. While explaining Chikitsasutra for Asthivaha sroto vikaras, Charaka says that Tikta dravyas should be used for Basti along with ksheera and ghrita. So Tikta dravyas play an important role in the treatment of Asthivaha Srotovikaras. An attempt is made in this study to identify the dravyas of tikta skanda of Charaka Samhita and its significance in the treatment of Asthivaha sroto vikaras, for further herbal research on single or multiple drugs with different mode of administration to be carried out globally with a greater enthusiasm for finding out active natural drug molecules acting on Asthivaha srotas.

Comparative review on polyherbal and monoherbal cosmetic formulations

This comparative review explores the characteristics and benefits of polyherbal and monoherbal cosmetic formulations. Formulations containing two or more herbs are called polyherbal formulations. Drug formulation in Ayurveda is based on the use of a single drug or more than one drug. A monoherbal formulation contains only one herb. The problem of polyherbal formulation occurs due to sources and manufacturing processes, patients, drug-herb interaction, toxicity, and improper manufacturing. Polyherbal formulations mean the use of more than one herb in a therapeutic preparation. In Ayurveda, multiple herbs are used in the treatment of illness.