Polyherbal Formulation Research Articles

Simultaneous Estimation of Chlorogenic Acid and Eugenol in Clearstone drops by RP-HPLC

Herbal formulations consist of a wide range of chemical constituents; most of the time, the active constituents are not known. Standardization of therapeutically active marker compounds is essential for quality assessment of an herbal formulation. HPLC method is one of the popular methods for standardization of marker compounds. In the current study, a novel, cost-effective RP-HPLC technique was established and validated for the simultaneous estimation of standard samples of Chlorogenic acid and Eugenol, as there were no methods available for their simultaneous estimation. The separation was carried out by using Shiseido Capcell pak C18column (250 x 4.6mm, 5µ) accompanied by mobile phase, Methanol: Acetonitrile: 0.1%formic acid (20:20:60 v/v/v) with rate of flow 1ml/min in isocratic mode. The eluents, Chlorogenic acid and Eugenol were detected at 211nm using UV-Visible detector and were eluted with retention times of 3.335min and 4.306min respectively. The optimized method was validated according to ICHQ2 (R1) guidelines. Linearity was observed from 1-5µg/ml with correlation coefficient of 0.995 for Chlorogenic acid and 0.996 for Eugenol. LOD (0.05µg/ml) and LOQ (0.1µg/ml) were same for Chlorogenic acid and Eugenol and were calculated based on signal to noise ratio. The % recovery of Chlorogenic acid and Eugenol were 99.42 - 100.06 and 99.50 - 100.30 respectively. The developed and validated technique was successfully extended to quantify marker compounds, Chlorogenic acid and Eugenol in Clearstone drops, which is a polyherbal Homeopathic formulation. The resolution and peak symmetry of the marker compounds quantified in the formulation were same as that of standard marker compounds. The developed technique was found to be suitable for simultaneous quantification of standard samples of Chlorogenic acid and Eugenol as well as for their simultaneous determination in the Clear stone formulation.

Divya-WeightGo combined with moderate aerobic exercise remediates adiposopathy, insulin resistance, serum biomarkers, and hepatic lipid accumulation in high-fat diet-induced obese mice

Obesity has become an unprecedented epidemic worldwide owing to a prolonged imbalance between energy intake and expenditure. Available therapies primarily suppress energy intake but often fail to produce sustained fat loss, necessitating a more efficacious strategy to combat obesity. In this study, a polyherbal formulation, Divya-WeightGo (DWG) has been investigated for its anti-obesity activity using in-vitro and in-vivo assays. Ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) analysis revealed the presence of phytocompounds including gallic acid, methyl gallate, corilagin, ellagic acid, pentagalloyl glucose, withaferin A and hydroxycitric acid, proven to aid in weight loss. The exposure of 3T3-L1 cells to DWG at cytosafe concentrations inhibited lipid and triglyceride accumulation and downregulated the expression of several adipogenic and lipogenic markers like PPARy, C/EBPα, C/EBPβ, SREBP-1c, FASN and DGAT1. DWG reduced LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokine release and NF-κB activity in THP-1 cells. The in-vivo anti-obesity activity of DWG, both alone and in combination with moderate aerobic exercise, was assessed in a high fat diet-induced obese mouse model. DWG mitigated the obesity associated increased body weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, glucose intolerance, diminished insulin sensitivity, dyslipidemia, altered liver function profile, lipid accumulation and adiposopathy in obese mice, alone as well as in combination intervention, with better efficacy in the combination approach. Thus, the findings of this study suggest that DWG could be a promising therapeutic avenue to treat obesity through attenuation of lipid and fat accumulation in liver and adipose tissues and could be utilized as an adjunct with lifestyle interventions to combat obesity and associated complications.

The effect of an Iranian polyherbal formulation on the management of allergic asthma in mice

The effect of an Iranian polyherbal formulation on the management of allergic asthma in mice

Potential impact of Novel Polyherbal Formulations on Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide Induced Diabetic wistar rats

Diabetes is a chronic and group of metabolic disease which might lead to severe associated complications. Many synthetic anti-diabetic drugs used in first line treatment does not significantly control nor protect other organs from diabetes associated damage, but it increases the risk of developing complications due to their adverse effects. Hence, present research was designed to develop and evaluate polyherbal anti-diabetic formulations for the management of diabetes and its complications associated with liver, kidney and hematological parameters. Ethanolic extracts (50%) of four plants including calyx of Hibiscus sabdariffa (H), leaves of Annona squamosa (A), stem bark of Ficus religiosa (F) and leaves of Aegle marmelos (A), i.e., HAFA, were used for development of formulations by using geometrical dilution methods, which were named HAFA 1 to HAFA 24. To identify the most effective formulations, they were evaluated using oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in normal rats. Four most effective HAFA formulations selected were subjected to hypoglycemic study in normal rats, acute and sub-acute anti-hyperglycemic activity in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats. HAFA formulations were further evaluated for the parameters like body weight change, food and water intake and biochemical parameters like lipid profile, cardiovascular risk and complete blood count using standard parameters. From the hypoglycemic studies of four most effective HAFA formulation, it was revealed that a single dose of HAFA 2, 4, 8 and 10 did not reduced the blood glucose below the normal level, whereas glibenclamide did and caused hypoglycemia. Streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced anti-hyperglycemic studies revealed that HAFA potentially reduced and maintained blood glucose level to near normal. Out of four formulations, HAFA 4 not only showed significant result in hypoglycemic study, but it also showed significant activities in both acute and sub acute anti-hyperglycemic study. In acute study HAFA 4 reduced fasting blood glucose by 48.96%, in sub-acute study reduction was observed 75.34% followed by HAFA 10, 2 and 8. Apart from that HAFA 4 significantly reversed and improved body weight change by 23% and water and food intake by 45 and 58%. HAFA 4 formulation significantly acted on biochemical parameters and increased plasma insulin by approx 117%, decreased HOMA-IR by 42%, HbA1c by 58% and significantly reversed the alteration of complete blood count, thus prevented from anemia. HAFA 4 significantly reverted the altered lipid profile to near normal. Thus, by research study it was concluded that, HAFA 4 formulations significantly improved glucose tolerance and effectively controlled blood glucose, without causing hypoglycemia. It significantly improved mean body weight, normalized food and water intake, corrected diabetes induced anemia, and reversed the altered lipid profile to near normal after 28 days of continuous treatment. Thus HAFA 4 was considered to be safer and effective antidiabetic with potential to prevent development of other associated complications.

Formulation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Gel

The present study has been undertaken with the aim to formulate and evaluate the new polyherbal gel formulation containing hydroalcoholic extract from Trigonella foenum-graecum and Glycyrrhiza glabra. The polyherbal gel formulation was designed by using Carbopol 934, Sodium CMC, Trigonella foenum-graecum, Glycyrrhiza glabra extract, ethanol, propylene glycol 400, methyl paraben, propyl paraben, and required amount of distilled water. The skin ph (6.8-7) was maintained by drop wise addition of tri- ethanolamine. The prepared gels were evaluated for physical appearance, pH, spreadability, HPTLC, skin irritation to observe side effect. It was inferred from the results that polyherbal gel formulations were good in appearance and homogeneity. The values of spreadability indicated that these polyherbal gels were easily spreadable by small amount of shear. Viscosity of polyherbal gels were determined by using Brookfield viscometer .Formulation F4 had good values of spreadability, viscosity, pH and during the accelerated stability studies the appearance was clear and no significant variation in spreadability and pH was observed. Hence 0.3 % hydroalcoholic extract from Trigonella foenum-graecum and Glycyrrhiza glabra gel was formulated . F4 formulation and its physiochemical study was found to be good.

Clean-DM1, a Korean Polyherbal Formula, Improves High Fat Diet-Induced Diabetic Symptoms in Mice by Regulating IRS/PI3K/AKT and AMPK Expressions in Pancreas and Liver Tissues.

To investigate the effects of Clean-DM1 (C-DM1), a polyherbal formulation of Radix Scrophulariae, Radix Astragali, Rhizoma Atractylodis, and Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae, on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetes mice. The information about active components of C-DM1 extract and molecular mechanism was obtained from network pharmacology analysis. Main compounds of C-DM1 extract by high performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS) analysis were conducted for quality control. For in vivo study, mice were induced diabetes by HFD for 12 weeks. The mice in the normal group (Nor) were maintained with a regular diet and treated with saline by gavage. The HFD model mice were randomly divided into 3 groups, including a HFD diabetic model group, a C-DM1 extract-administered group (C-DM1, 500 mg/kg), and metformin-administered groups (Met, 500 mg/kg), 8 mice in each group. Food intake, body weight (BW), and fasting blood glucose (FBG) levels were recorded weekly for 4 weeks. After 4 weeks of treatment, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), blood glucose, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were determined using an automated clinical chemistry analyzer, and homeostatic model for assessing insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) levels and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were detected. The histopathological changes of liver and pancreatic tissues were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Insulin receptor substrate (IRS)/phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/ protein kinase B (AKT) and adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) expressions in liver and pancreas tissues were detected by Western blot analysis. HPLC-MS identified dihydroisotanshinone, dihydroisotanshinone I, cryptotanshinone, harpagoside, and atractyloside A in C-DM1 extract. The administration of C-DM1 extract significantly decreased body weight, calorie intake, and the levels of blood glucose and insulin in the diabetic mice (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The C-DM1 extract administration improved the impaired glucose tolerance and insulin resistance in the diabetic mice and significantly decreased the levels of LDL-C, ALT and AST (P<0.01). The C-DM1 extract inhibited the histopathological changes of fatty liver and hyperplasia of pancreatic islets in the diabetic mice. The C-DM1 extract significantly increased the phosphorylation of IRS, AKT, and AMPK and the expression of PI3K in pancreas and liver tissues (P<0.05 or P<0.01), which was consistent with the analysis results of network pharmacology. C-DM1 extract improved diabetes symptoms in long-term HFD-induced mice by regulation of IRS/PI3K/AKT and AMPK expressions in pancreas and liver tissues, suggesting that C-DM1 formulation may help prevent the progression of T2DM.

Preparation and Evaluation of Polyherbal Cough Syrup: A Novel Approach

Diseases in human life are one of the huddle to live life, which consist of chronic and acute diseases. Cough is a common respiratory symptom that can have a significant impact on the quality of life. Polyherbal formulations have been used for centuries in traditional medicine to treat coughs and other respiratory ailments. In this study, we prepared a polyherbal cough syrup using a combination of medicinal plants which act as a natural ingredients, like Vasaka: Adhatoda vasaka (Acanthaceae), Ginber: Zingiber officinale (Zingiberaceae), Turmeric: Curcuma longa (Zingiberaceae), Tulsi: Ocimum santum (Labiatae), and liquorice: Glycyrrhiza glabra (Legiminosae). In the present study the attempt was made to prepare cough syrup using a standardized procedure and its evaluation were carried out with respect to physical and physicochemical properties, safety etc. The formulation were found to more efficient in reducing cough. Furthermore the formulation has been evaluated on various aspects.

A CRITICAL REVIEW OF KANAKASAVAM

Kanakasavam is a polyherbal formulation with 14 ingredients used mainly in Swasa roga (respiratory diseases). In clinical practice, Kanakasavam is primarily used to treat respiratory diseases. It contains purified datura, which acts as a bronchodilator and has anti-inflammatory properties. It is also known to provide relief from an acute asthma attack and increases the airflow to the lungs by dilating and relaxing the bronchial passageways. Kanakasavam is also used for bronchitis, productive cough, chronic fever, haemorrhages, and lung injury. In addition, it is also beneficial in the treatment of the common cold, rhinitis and abnormal nasal discharges. This article is an attempt to analyse the formulation critically.

Preliminary Wound Healing Activity of Polyherbal Formulation Containing Cinnamon zeylanicum, Centella asiatica and Moringa oleifera

In the present work, a polyherbal gel formulation for wound healing activity was developed using 70% methanolic extract of Centella asiatica leaves, methanolic extract of Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees stem bark as well as oil of Moringa olifera seed. The developed formulation was evaluated for organoleptic parameters like colour, odour, texture and physicochemical parameters like a loss on drying (LOD), pH, viscosity, spreadability, skin irritation study, etc. In-vitro antibacterial activity of both the extracts and oil of M. oleifera was carried out against two pathogenic bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by disc diffusion assay using tetracycline as a standard. Apart from that, the wound healing activity of a polyherbal formulation was evaluated by an incision model in Wistar rats. The results showed that the polyherbal formulation exhibited dark brown colour with a smooth texture and cinnamon-like odour. The gel showed 9% LOD, pH was found to be 7.5±0.3, viscosity was 4609.5± 13.44 cps at 10 rpm with spindle number 63, and spreadability was found to be 19.44±0.26 (g.cm/s), and no irritation was found on the healthy volunteer's skin. In the wound healing activity, polyherbal did not affect the normal feed and water uptake. The wound did not show any pus formation throughout the treatment period. In the Planimetry assessment, wounds treated with polyherbal formulation showed a good score at the end of the treatment. Results showed that polyherbal formulation containing 70% methanolic extract of C. asiatica leaves, methanolic extract of C. zeylanicum stem bark as well as oil of M. olifera seed have good wound healing activity.

Phytochemical and Antioxidant Activities of a Polyherbal Formulation from Selected Medicinal Herbs

Phytochemical and Antioxidant Activities of a Polyherbal Formulation from Selected Medicinal Herbs

Therapeutic exploration of polyherbal formulation against letrozole induced PCOS rats: A mechanistic approach

ObjectiveThis study aimed to develop an effective alternative medicine with multi potential herbs against polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) in rats induced by letrozole treatment. Materials and methodPolyherbal syrup was prepared with a combination of S. asoca bark, G. sylvestre leaves, P. daemia aerial parts, C. zeylanium stem bark, C. bonduc seeds, and W. somnifera roots ethanolic extract. In vitro cell viability study, adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) gene expression assay were carried out on the Chinese Hamster Ovarian (CHO) cell line. For the PCOS induction letrozole (1 mg/kg p. o.) was given for 21 consecutive days. The PCOS induction was confirmed by measuring estrus irregularity, insulin resistance by oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and hyperandrogenism by measuring serum total testosterone level 21 days after completion of letrozole treatment. After induction of PCOS, metformin (155 mg/kg p. o.), and polyherbal syrup (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg p. o.) were administered for further 28 days. The treatment efficacy was measured by measuring serum lipid profile, fasting insulin level, sex hormones level, ovarian steroidogenic enzymes, ovarian tissue insulin receptor, AMPK, and GLUT4 protein expression levels, and histomorphological studies. The post-treatment effect was confirmed by reproductive performance studies. ResultsLetrozole-induced PCOS rats showed significant estrus irregularity, abnormal sex hormones levels, and hyperandrogenism indicated by showing increased free androgenic index and decreased sex hormones binding globulin (SHBG) level. The insulin resistance in PCOS rats was indicated by increased fasting glucose levels with impaired glucose clearance in the OGT test. Homeostasis Model Assessment Index of Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) increased level, also decreases INSR, GLUT4, and AMPK mRNA expression in ovarian cells confirming the insulin resistance in PCOS rats. Ovarian histology in PCOS rats also showed many follicular cysts, atretic follicles, and the absence of corpus luteum. The administration of polyherbal syrup, in a dose-dependent manner, effectively restored these alterations. The treatment of polyherbal formulation 400 mg/kg possesses highly significant efficacy over the treatment of metformin in PCOS rats. It mainly acts by reducing peripheral and ovarian hyperandrogenism and improves insulin sensitivity via activating the insulin receptor and AMP-activated kinase-mediated transcription and translation of GLUT4 from the cytoplasm to the ovarian membrane improves glucose uptake and promotes the follicular development and ovulation. The higher fertility rate, delivery index, and survival of delivered pups confirm the broader and superior efficacy of PCOS. These beneficial actions are mainly attributable to the formulation's inclusion of the key secondary metabolites flavonoids and phytosterols. In conclusion, the prepared polyherbal syrup was found to be the safest and most effective alternative medicine for both endocrinal and metabolic complications of PCOS women.

Standardization and Quality Control Analysis of Marichadi tailam: An Ayurvedic Formulation

The Ayurvedic medicines are having great therapeutic application due to their natural holistic way of treatment of the disease. To ensure the effectiveness of the medicine standardization of the drug essential. Ayurvedic tailam is an important group of formulations used for treatment of various types of diseases. The principle of using tailam is better absorption of active ingredients by skin when applied through a lipophilic vehicle like vegetable oils. Marichadi Tailam is a herbal oil used for treatment of skin diseases such as eczema and dermatitis. In the present study, an attempt was made to develop and validate a HPTLC method for quantitative determination piperine in the Marichadi coconut oil and its standardization. The HTPLC separation was performed on precoated silica gel 60 F254 aluminum plate (10 × 10cm, 250μm thickness) using toluene:ethyl acetate:diethyl amine (7:2:1) as a mobile phase. The detection and quantification was performed at 340nm. The formulation contains 2.35% of piperine. Linearity studies indicated piperine in the linear ranges, while recovery studies revealed 99.32% (w/w) of piperine. The developed HPTLC method resolved and quantified piperine effectively, so it could be used as a simple reliable method for QC of polyherbal formulations.

Box–Behenken-Supported Development and Validation of UPLC Method for the Estimation of Eugenol in Syzygium aromaticum, Cinnamomum tamala, and Myristica fragrance

Eugenol (EUG) is one of the most important components available in several spices, including clove, bay leaves, and nutmeg. These spices are used as flavouring agents in foods and beverages. The aim of the present study is to develop and validate a rapid, simple, sensitive, and robust ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) technique for the quantitative estimation of EUG in the ultrasound-assisted methanolic extracts of three spices, namely Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr. &amp; L.M.Perry (SA), Cinnamomum tamala (Buch.-Ham.) T.Nees &amp; Eberm (CT), and Myristica fragrance Houtt. (MF). EUG was isocratically separated on a UPLC C18 column. The acetonitrile:methanol:water (50:40:10, v/v/v) solvent in different proportions was optimized as the mobile phase for the determination of EUG in ultrasound-assisted methanolic extracts of three different spices. The quantitative estimation of EUG was performed at a 281 nm detection wavelength. The column oven temperature was maintained at 35 ± 5 °C, and the flow rate of the mobile phase was 0.2 mL/min using an injection volume of 1 µL. The UPLC technique was validated according to the ICH guidelines and showed an excellent linearity range of 10–100 ng/mL. The robustness of the method was validated using Box–Behenken response surface design (BBD) software, and a 0.2 mL/min flow rate of the mobile phase, a column oven temperature of 308 K, and a 281 nm detection wavelength were found to be the best optimal conditions for obtaining the highest amount and separation of EUG. The content of EUG in ultrasound-assisted methanolic extracts of SA, CT, and MF using the UPLC technique showed 313.67 ± 0.87 mg g−1, 44.95 ± 0.56 mg g−1, and 59.66 ± 0.41 mg g−1, respectively. The antioxidant potentials of EUG, SA, CT, and MF were analysed using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-pcrylhydrazil radical) method, which revealed the antioxidant potential of EUG (IC50 = 3.12 µg/mL), standard ascorbic acid (IC50 = 7.06 µg/mL), SA ultrasound-assisted methanolic extract (IC50 = 5.97 µg/mL), CT ultrasound-assisted methanolic extract (IC50 = 49.48 µg/mL), and MF ultrasound-assisted methanolic extract (IC50 = 65.16 µg/mL). The proposed UPLC technique can be used to quantitatively assess various spices, plants, pharmaceutical products, and polyherbal formulations containing EUG as an active constituent.

Standardization of a polyherbal formulation along with HPLC fingerprinting of Embelin and E&amp;Z Guggulsterones

Standardization of a polyherbal formulation along with HPLC fingerprinting of Embelin and E&amp;Z Guggulsterones

Standardisation of Vilwadi Leha - A Process Validation Based on Total Solid Method

Standardisation can be defined as a process of enforcing a level of consistency or uniformity in pharmaceutical preparations which are operated within the selected environment. Vilwadileha is a well-known Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation used for the management of various diseases such as Chardi, Arochaka, Praseka, Agnimandhya etc. It is described in Sahasrayoga leha prakarana. Aim: The objective was to develop the standard manufacturing procedure (SMP) and quality standards of Vilwadi leha based on total solid method. Total soluble solids content of a solution is determined by the index of refraction using either hand refractometer or Abbe refractometer. Brix is the term used when a refractometer equipped with scale, measures total soluble solids of a pure aqueous sucrose solution by the aid of refractive indices at 20°C and percentage by mass. Materials and methods: In present work, VL was prepared in three batches as per standard guidelines mentioned in AFI Vol 2. Results: Samyak leha paka lakshanas observed was compared with brix value and fix the brix value of VL prepared in 3 Batches. It took 10.40hr to completion of preparation. Conclusion: The current study opens a new concept to standardise Avaleha. This is a trial work to standardise the Leha paka with total solids analysis method or brix value. Brix for each preparation may differ based on sucrose concentration. It was found that Leha prepared with TS between 75 and 77 had parameters similar to Samyak Leha paka. Attempts were also made to develop analytical profile of final product.

Phytochemical and Physicochemical analysis of Siddha polyherbal formulation KaranthaiChooranam

Aim: Standardization of a Siddha Poly herbal compound formulation is essential for establishing its authentication quantity and efficacy. In this present study, an attempt has been made to standardize the KaranthaiChooranam (a polyherbal formulation that contains 14 plant materials). Hence standardization of traditional drugs becomes highly essential to explore their potency and efficacy in the global market. It has been increasing public interest and acceptance of traditional medicine. Methods: Physico-Chemical analysis, Phyto-Chemical Screening, Particle Size, Pesticide Residue, and Sterility test were performed as per PLIM (Pharmacopeia Laboratory of Indian Medicine) guidelines. Results: The loss of drying of the tested drug was 105°c .KC contains 0.59% acid-insoluble ash and solubility in the water was 9.63 %. Phytochemical screening KC has shown the presence of Alkaloids, Glycosides, Saponins, Phytosterols, Fixed Oil, Resins, Phenols, Flavonoids and Tannins. Microscopic observation of the particle size analysis reveals that the average particle size of the sample was found to be 115.5 ± 42.83 μm. Conculsion: From this set of parameters, it can be concluded that it is sufficient to evaluate the authenticity of KaranthaiChooranam can be used as a reference standard for the preparation of the standardized pharmaceutical product and further quality content research. This study suggests that quality specifications of KC can be developed using parameters described in Siddha along with analytical tools available today.

Antiurolithiatic effect of a polyherbal formulation against sodium oxalate-induced urolithiasis in rats

BackgroundThe present study assesses the role of polyherbal formula (LACTN) against sodium oxalate (NaOx)—stimulated urolithiasis prophylactic and curative. Forty-eight rats were separated into the following regimen’s groups: Groups I, II, III, and IV (prophylactic groups). Group I (control group) received saline as vehicle. Group II (urolithiatic group) received 70 mg NaOx / kg b.wt, i.p. Groups III and IV received LACTN and cystone prophylactic (500 and 750 mg/kg b.wt, respectively) from 1st day to 7th day of urolithiasis induction. Groups V, VI, VII, and VIII (curative groups): these were divided into the prophylactic regimes, but LACTN and cystone were administered from 7th day to 14th day of urolithiasis induction.ResultsUrolithiatic rats co-/post-treated with LACTN and cystone elevated the urinary volume significantly (P < 0.05). Also, a significant decrease (P < 0.05) was observed in the serum and urine calcium and phosphate concentrations beside the increased magnesium value in urolithiatic rats co-/post-treated with LACTN. LACTN significantly (P < 0.05) ameliorates serum and urine creatinine, urea, and uric acid concentration. Moreover, urolithiatic rats co-/post-treated with LACTN significantly (P < 0.05) diminished MDA and increased GSH, GST, SOD, and CAT compared with urolithiatic rats.ConclusionsLACTN has anti-lithogenesis effect that may be due to its ability to remove the already presenting stone and/or to prevent the generation of extra calcium oxalate crystals. This action may be due to its components’ synergetic action that may provide encouraging combined formula to prevent/treat urolithiasis.

Phytochemical cocktail of Asanadi ganaextract in the management of diabetes.

It is of interest to investigate that the phytochemical analysis, in-vitro antioxidant potential and glycosidase inhibitory potential of Asanadi ganaa polyherbal formulation. Asanadi ganais a classical Ayurvedic polyherbal formulation, markedly used for alleviation of Prameha and Medodosha, which correlates in many ways with obesity, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes mellitus (madhumeha). The phytochemical constituents, total phenolic, total flavonoids, total tannin content, total antioxidant capacity, total reducing power, and free radical scavenging activity of the polyherbal formulation extracts were determined. Comparing it to the common medication Acarbose, its inhibitory impact against the digestive enzymes α-amylase and α-glucosidase was also examined. The formulation showed the presence of major constituents such as terpenoids, triterpenoids, sterols, flavonoids, tannins, phenolic, saponins, alkaloids and Glycosides. The ethanol extract had high phenolic content and flavonoid content, whereas the aqueous extract had more tannin content (181 ± 5.5µg/mg), (132 ± 5.50 µg/mg), (22± 1.6 µg/mg respectively. we conclude that the extracts of ayurvedic polyherbal formulations, particularly ethanol extract are a potential source of natural antioxidants and remarkable glycosidase inhibitory activity. Hence, Asanadi ganahas the potential to be a safe and effective natural treatment for the delay or prevention of diabetic complications.

In-silico Studies of Active Phytochemicals from Siddha Medicinal Herbs of Karisalai Chooranam against SARS-CoV-2 main Protease (3CLpro), RNA Dependent RNA Polymerase and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme II Receptor

Aim: The contagious disease COVID 19 is a recently out-broken pandemic situation which threatens humankind all over the world. Siddha system of medicine is one of the traditional medical systems of India, which has provided a novel remedy for many epidemics like Dengue, Chicken guinea earlier. On evaluating the literature evidence and considering the mortality and severity of the disease, we have attempted to identify the possible inhibition of viral replication by "Karisalai Chooranam" - a polyherbal Siddha formulation which contains herbs like Karisalai (Wedelia chinensis), Thoodhuvelai (Solanum trilobatum), Musumusukai (Melothria maderaspatana) and Seeragam (Cuminum cyminum). The aim of this study was to identify the bioactive components present in Karisalai chooranam and pin down the components that inhibit COVID 19 protease by In Silico molecular docking analysis. Material and methods: The study was performed for the active compounds present in the herbs (Wedelia chinensis - Benzoic acid, Solanum trilobatum- Disogenin, Melothria maderaspatana- β–sitosterol, Cuminum cyminum L- Coumaric acid and Limonene) with three potential targets, PDB id: 6LU7 3-chymotrypsin-like protease (3CLpro), PDB id: 6-NUR RNA dependent RNA polymerase and PDB id: 2AJF Angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) receptor using Autodock Vina. Key findings: The active phytocomponents present in “Karisalai chooranam” was found to inhibit the target 3CL proenzyme and hereby halt the formation of 16 non-structural proteins (nsp1-nsp16) that are highly essential for viral replication and there by prevents viral survival in the host environment. The phytocomponents also inhibited the target RNA dependent RNA polymerase (PDB)-6NUR RdRp which possess versatile action in mediating nonstructural protein (nsp 12) essential for viral replication. A significant binding against the target Angiotensin-converting enzyme II (ACE2) receptors - PDB- 2AJF was found which was recognized as a binding site for novel coronavirus to cause its pathogenesis. Among the five active components present in the herb, the binding ability of Disogenin and β–sitosterol with COVID19 protease suggests a possible mechanism of protease inhibition and thus preventing viral replication. Significance: The results strongly suggest that phytocomponents of “Karisalai chooranam” may act as a potential therapeutic agent for the management of COVID-19 and related symptoms. Further, the efficacy of the active compounds should be tested in vitro before being recommended as a drug.

GC-MS and Antioxidative Effects of Poly Herbal Formulation of Persea americana Seed Against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats

GC-MS and Antioxidative Effects of Poly Herbal Formulation of Persea americana Seed Against Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats