Spread Of Pollutants Research Articles

RePLaT-Chaos: A Simple Educational Application to Discover the Chaotic Nature of Atmospheric Advection

Large-scale atmospheric pollutant spreading via volcano eruptions and industrial accidents may have serious effects on our life. However, many students and non-experts are generally not aware of the fact that pollutant clouds do not disperse in the atmosphere like dye blobs on clothes. Rather, an initially compact pollutant cloud soon becomes strongly stretched with filamentary and folded structure. This is the result of the chaotic behaviour of advection of pollutants in 3-D flows, i.e., the advection dynamics of pollutants shows the typical characteristics such as sensitivity to the initial conditions, irregular motion, and complicated but well-organized (fractal) structures. This study presents possible applications of a software called RePLaT-Chaos by means of which the characteristics of the long-range atmospheric spreading of volcanic ash clouds and other pollutants can be investigated in an easy and interactive way. This application is also a suitable tool for studying the chaotic features of the advection and determines two quantities which describe the chaoticity of the advection processes: the stretching rate quantifies the strength of the exponential stretching of pollutant clouds; and the escape rate characterizes the rate of the rapidity by which the settling particles of a pollutant cloud leave the atmosphere.

THE IMPACT OF FOREST BELTS ON THE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS OF AUTOMOBILE TRANSPORT LAND

Environmental pollution by road emissions, including nitrogen oxide, dioxide, lead, was investigated. It was established that roadside green spaces, which are a natural barrier and delay the spread of pollution to the roadside, play an important protective role in the roadside. It was determined that the most common plantating along autotomobile roads are protective forest plantating. These plantings include natural forests and forest plantatings of linear type, which are located in the standardized strips of land along the roads or which are intended for their creation. These forest areas make protective functions and minimize the occurrence of negative impacts to the surrounding areas. Lately intensive construction works are being carried out, the fleet of trucks and cars, public automobile transport is increasing, the requirements for the construction of atomobile roads in accordance with the current environmental norms were substantiated, the necessity for inventory of forest plantations along the roads was substantiated. That is why the situation requires continuous updating of forest belts along the automobile roads. It is found that the most informative methods for the inventory of forest belts are space pictures with ultra-high spatial resolution of about one meter (type ICONOS). The stages and the works` list during the inventory of roadside forest belts were determined. The proposals for forecasting the required number of protective forest belts area in the future were substantiated. The basic State building codes and environmental standards, which are guided during the design and construction of automobile roads, were analyzed.

Environmental impact and health risk assessment of volatile organic compound emissions during different seasons in Beijing

Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are major contributors to air pollution. Based on the emission characteristics of 99 VOCs that daily measured at 10 am in winter from 15 December 2015 to 17 January 2016 and in summer from 21 July to 25 August 2016 in Beijing, the environmental impact and health risk of VOC were assessed. In the winter polluted days, the secondary organic aerosol formation potential (SOAP) of VOC (199.70 ± 15.05 μg/m3) was significantly higher than that on other days. And aromatics were the primary contributor (98.03%) to the SOAP during the observation period. Additionally, the result of the ozone formation potential (OFP) showed that ethylene contributed the most to OFP in winter (26.00% and 27.64% on the normal and polluted days). In summer, however, acetaldehyde was the primary contributor to OFP (22.00% and 21.61% on the normal and polluted days). Simultaneously, study showed that hazard ratios and lifetime cancer risk values of acrolein, chloroform, benzene, 1,2-dichloroethane, acetaldehyde and 1,3-butadiene exceeded the thresholds established by USEPA, thereby presenting a health risk to the residents. Besides, the ratio of toluene-to-benzene indicated that vehicle exhausts were the main source of VOC pollution in Beijing. The ratio of m-/p-xylene-to-ethylbenzene demonstrated that there were more prominent atmospheric photochemical reactions in summer than that in winter. Finally, according to the potential source contribution function (PSCF) results, compared with local pollution sources, the spread of pollution from long-distance VOCs had a greater impact on Beijing.

The Theory of Parallel Climate Realizations

Based on the theory of “snapshot/pullback attractors”, we show that important features of the climate change that we are observing can be understood by imagining many replicas of Earth that are not interacting with each other. Their climate systems evolve in parallel, but not in the same way, although they all obey the same physical laws, in harmony with the chaotic-like nature of the climate dynamics. These parallel climate realizations evolving in time can be considered as members of an ensemble. We argue that the contingency of our Earth’s climate system is characterized by the multiplicity of parallel climate realizations rather than by the variability that we experience in a time series of our observed past. The natural measure of the snapshot attractor enables one to determine averages and other statistical quantifiers of the climate at any instant of time. In this paper, we review the basic idea for climate changes associated with monotonic drifts, and illustrate the large number of possible applications. Examples are given in a low-dimensional model and in numerical climate models of different complexity. We recall that systems undergoing climate change are not ergodic, hence temporal averages are generically not appropriate for the instantaneous characterization of the climate. In particular, teleconnections, i.e. correlated phenomena of remote geographical locations are properly characterized only by correlation coefficients evaluated with respect to the natural measure of a given time instant, and may also change in time. Physics experiments dealing with turbulent-like phenomena in a changing environment are also worth being interpreted in view of the attractor-based ensemble approach. The possibility of the splitting of the snapshot attractor to two branches, near points where the corresponding time-independent system undergoes bifurcation as a function of the changing parameter, is briefly mentioned. This can lead in certain climate-change scenarios to the coexistence of two distinct sub-ensembles representing dramatically different climatic options. The problem of pollutant spreading during climate change is also discussed in the framework of parallel climate realizations.

Approach to modeling the spread of pollutants in air by the example of Volgograd

The article provides an overview of the systems for modeling the spread of pollutants, discusses their advantages and disadvantages. An approach to modeling the spread of pollutants in the atmospheric air of an urbanized area on the basis of the Calpuff software suite is proposed. The processes and sources of data on the terrain, meteorological parameters, etc., necessary for the generating concentration maps for Russian cities are described in detail. The approach consists of three main stages: modeling meteorological parameters, modeling pollution spread and visualization of the data obtained. An example of modeling of pollutants spread in the atmospheric air for Volgograd is given.

Distributions and Compositions of Brominated Diphenyl Ethers-209 in Pine Seedlings Inoculated with Ectomycorrhizal Fungi

Brominated diphenyl ethers-209 (BDE-209), a toxic and stably retardant, is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant and commonly used in daily consumer products. The Cenococcum geophilum and Laccaria amethystina were used to inoculate Japanese black pine (Pinus thunbergii Parl) seedlings, using root chamber experiments to check their potential for improving host growth and the capacity in establishing in persistent organic pollutants (POPs)-contaminated environments. The results showed that the inoculation with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi significantly (p < 0.01) improved the growth and reduced the concentrations of BDE-209 in needles and stems of pine seedlings planted in polluted soils. The transfer ratio (calculated as the ratio between the concentrations in needles and roots) and the root concentration factor (calculated as the ratio of the concentration in roots to soil) decreased significantly (p < 0.01), when inoculated with ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi compared to without. However, inoculated with ECM fungi (EMF) increased the concentration of BDE-209 in tube soil (soil collected from tube where seedlings were grown) significantly (p < 0.01), especially C. geophilum, which has a rich mycelium system. The capability of EMF accumulation and enrichment of BDE-209 in the contaminated soil, from distance to root zone, reduced the risks of the spread and leaching of organic pollutants to the crops around. The pine inoculated with EMF can be considered to have a potential in forestation and remediating BDE-209 contaminated areas by the way of phytostabilisation pollutants.

Organic pollutants, nano- and microparticles in street sweeping road dust and washwater

Road areas are pollution hotspots where many metals, organic pollutants (OPs) and nano/microparticles accumulate before being transported to receiving waters. Particles on roads originate from e.g. road, tyre and vehicle wear, winter road maintenance, soil erosion, and deposition. Street sweeping has the potential to be an effective and affordable practice to reduce the occurrence of road dust, and thereby the subsequent spreading of pollutants, but there is currently little knowledge regarding its effectiveness. In this paper we investigate the potential of street sweeping to reduce the amounts of OPs and nano/microparticles reaching stormwater, in a case study sampling road dust and washwater from a street sweeping machine, road dust before and after sweeping, and stormwater. The compound groups generally found in the highest concentrations in all matrices were aliphatics C5–C35 > phthalates > aromatics C8–C35 > PAH-16. The concentrations of aliphatics C16–C35 and PAHs in washwater were extremely high at ≤ 53,000 µg/L and ≤ 120 µg/L, respectively, and the highest concentrations were found after a 3-month winter break in sweeping. In general, fewer aliphatic and aromatic petroleum hydrocarbons and PAHs were detected in road dust samples than in washwater. The relative composition of the specific PAH-16 suggests tyre wear, vehicle exhausts, brake linings, motor oils and road surface wear as possible sources. The study indicates that many of the hydrophobic compounds quantified in washwater are attached to small particles or truly dissolved. The washwater contains a wide range of small particles, including nanoparticles in sizes from just below 1 nm up to 300 nm, with nanoparticles in the size range 25–300 nm present in the highest concentrations. The results also indicated agglomeration of nanoparticles in the washwater. The street sweeping collected a large amount of fine particles and associated pollutants, leading to the conclusion that washwater from street sweeping needs to be treated before disposal.

REVIEW OF METHODS AND MEANS OF MONITORING THE AIR POLLUTION

В статті проведено аналіз сучасного стану методів та засобів моніторингу забруднення повітря в Україні. Розглянуто питання утворення забруднюючих речовин при спалюванні різних видів палив (газоподібних, рідких, твердих) на великих енергетичних установках. Приведені дані відносно найбільших джерел забруднення повітря в Україні. Відображені головні недоліки моделі розповсюдження забруднюючих речовин в повітрі, що використовується як базисна. Досліджено сучасний стан систем моніторингу забруднення повітря, як в Україні, так і в інших країнах. Запропоновано вдосконалення існуючої системи моніторингу забруднення повітря на базі безпілотних літальних апаратів.

Numerical study of air pollution over a typical basin topography: Source appointment of fine particulate matter during one severe haze in the megacity Xi'an

Many cities are located in lands with typical basin topographies, which are not conducive to the spread of air pollutants. In the winter of 2016/2017, a severe haze happened in Xi’an, the main city in the Guanzhong Basin in central China. When the peak daily concentration of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) reaches 499 μg/m3, the source of the atmospheric pollution needs to be found urgently in order to take countermeasures. The comprehensive air quality model with extensions, coupled with the tracer tagging particulate source apportionment technology (PSAT) module, and an improved emission inventory, higher grid resolution, and bigger inner domain area, have been applied to quantify the contributions of local and regional emissions to the PM2.5 pollutions. The model performed well in time period considered in this study. The correlation of the simulated daily PM2.5 concentration data reaches 0.82, and the fraction of predictions within a factor of two of observations approaches 84%. With the PSAT module, the PM2.5 contributions from local and regional sources to the urban centre and rural areas during the severe winter haze event are analysed in detail. The PM2.5 concentrations in the urban centre in Xi’an is mainly originating from local emissions (60%), and Xianyang City is the largest contributor among the surrounding source regions (11.6%), while the transportation sector outside the Shaanxi Province (5.1%) also contributes significantly. Comparatively, the rural areas have lower local contributions and higher transport contributions. In particular, in the northern rural area Yanliang, the contribution from surrounding source regions approaches 82%. The results of this study suggest that to improve the air quality in a typical basin city, a regional-scale coordinated emissions control should be used, focusing on the emissions from both local and surrounding areas.

Reconstruction of a passive tracer boundary source in an open water area

Marine pollution is one of the most serious environmental problems nowadays. Identification of sources of contaminants is among the main objectives of environmental researchers. In such problems pollutants are sometimes considered as passive tracers. In this paper, a problem of detecting and localization of the passive tracer boundary sources in an open water area is considered. A mathematical model of the sea surface pollution spread based on the system of linear unsteady convection-diffusion-reaction equations is used. The inverse problem of restoring the pollution sources on the domain boundary is formulated under the consideration that the pollution concentration data are given. The method based on the theory of adjoint equations and optimal control is used. The iterative algorithm for the solution of the problem is proposed. The article presents the results of the numerical experiment on application of the proposed algorithm to the problem of recovering pollution sources on the Black Sea coastline.

ЧИСЛЕННОЕ РЕШЕНИЕ НЕСТАЦИОНАРНОГО ДРОБНОГО ДИФФЕРЕНЦИАЛЬНОГО УРАВНЕНИЯ В ЗАДАЧАХ МОДЕЛИРОВАНИЯ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ ТОКСИЧНЫХ ВЕЩЕСТВ В ПОДЗЕМНЫХ ВОДАХ

At present, the theory of fractional calculus is widely used in many fields of science for modeling various processes. Differential equations with fractional derivatives are used to model the migration of pollutants in porous inhomogeneous media and allow a more correct description of the behavior of pollutants at large distances from the source. The analytical solution of differential equations with fractional order derivatives is often very complicated or even impossible. There has been proposed a numerical method for solving fractional differential equations in partial derivatives with respect to time to describe the migration of pollutants in groundwater. An implicit difference scheme is developed for the numerical solution of a non-stationary fractional differential equation, which is an analogue of the well-known implicit Crank-Nicholson difference scheme. The system of difference equations is presented in matrix form. The solution of the problem is reduced to the multiple solution of a tridiagonal system of linear algebraic equations by the tridiagonal matrix algorithm. The results of evaluating the spread of pollutant in groundwater based on the numerical method for model examples are presented. The concentrations of the substance obtained on the basis of the analytical and numerical solutions of the unsteady one-dimensional fractional differential equation are compared. The results obtained using the proposed method and on the basis of the well-known analytical solution of the fractional differential equation are in fairly good agreement with each other. The relative error is on average 9%. In contrast to the well-known analytical solution, the developed numerical method can be used to model the spread of pollutants in groundwater, taking into account their biodegradation.

Stabilization of CCA-contaminated soil with iron products - a field experiment

Chemical stabilization of metals is lately considered as a possible pretreatment for soilcontaminated with average levels of trace elements. The element mobility in soil can bealtered by adding soil amendments that can adsorb, complex, or co-precipitate trace elements.As a consequence, pollutant spreading from the contaminated soil and effect on the recipientcan be reduced. The different contaminants originating from wood impregnation chemicals,e.g. Cu, Cr, and As limit the choice of amendments because e.g. large pH fluctuations andconsequent mobilization of Cu or As should be avoided. The results show that the leaching ofarsenic is lowest in the lysimeter with 15% Fe3O4. In both lysimeters with untreated soil andwith 1 % Fe 0, the arsenic leaching seems to decrease with the sampling depth. The leaching ofcopper is generally low. Further the addition of iron seems to increase the leaching ofmanganese and nickel but to reduce the leaching of zinc. Results from the laboratoryexperiment show that the arsenic content in the leachate is lowest with the highest mixture ofmagnetite. Mixing is one of the key issues when discussing the treatment efficiency andpossible use of the treated soil. The results so far indicate that magnetite can be used fortreatment of CCA contaminated soil also at a large scale. Reduction of both arsenic andcopper using a single amendment is challenging as they behave opposite. Magnetite seems tobe a promising amendment even though a high amount of amendment needs to be added.Moreover, the potential establishment of reducing conditions at larger depths in the soil is ofconcern since this might lead to a rapid increase in arsenic leaching

Development of mathematical models of gas leakage and its propagation in atmospheric air at an emergency gas well gushing

The study tackles the development of new mathematical means for determining distribution in space and time of technogenic load on atmospheric air as a result of non-burning gas well gushing. To date, modeling is the only tool for studying and solving pressing problems of environmental safety in operation of gas condensate fields. This is especially true for those issues that cannot be solved in practice, such as studying causes and predicting occurrence of emergencies with a low probability of occurrence but with heavy devastating consequences. Drawbacks of the existing mathematical models and methods which make impractical their use in modeling atmospheric pollution in the case of non-burning gas well gush were pointed out. The problem of forecasting the level and distribution of atmospheric air pollution in open gash of a gas well involves two steps: determining amount of gas releases, their parameters and composition; calculation of harmful substance scatter in the near-surface atmosphere. Physical peculiarities of the gas mixture movement through the well and distribution of pollutants in atmospheric air during non-burning well gushing were studied. Mathematical models of stationary and burst release of a mixture of gases from a well were constructed as differential equations with corresponding initial and boundary conditions. These models take into account all major factors affecting intensity of the gas mixture flow during an emergency gushing and adequately describe the process. A new mathematical model of pollutant spread in atmospheric air during release from a well has been constructed. This model, unlike the existing ones, is a set of three analytical dependences describing distribution of contaminants in space and time in the case of burst, short-term and continuous releases, respectively. The results of mathematical calculations were compared with the data of field measurements of concentration of pollutants that were part of the gas flow during emergency release at a gas condensate field in Poltava region. It was established that the modeling error did not exceed 15% for all substances under study. This comparison has confirmed high adequacy of the developed models and the possibility of their application to solving a wider (compared to existing models) class of problems related to monitoring the atmospheric air in the territories of gas wells under various release conditions, meteorological characteristics, and the drilling rig operation conditions

Prediction Spatial Model of Domestic Liquid Waste Distribution in Sawojajar Village, Malang City of Indonesia

The distribution of domestic liquid waste is difficult to identify and mark because it is spread. However, it is very necessary to obtain a picture of the spread of pollution and take further management steps. This research is carried out to predict spatially the level of pollution of domestic wastewater that will be used to prevent further pollution. The research was conducted in the Sawojajar Village District of Malang. The results based on the population approach show that population growth greatly influences the distribution of domestic wastewater. The relatively small population growth shows a different distribution pattern which the increasing number of populations will affect the distribution of domestic liquid waste.

IDENTIFICATION OF URBAN HEAT ISLAND SPREADING TO CONCENTRATION OF NO2, O3, AND PM10 POLLUTANT IN DKI JAKARTA

Urban Heat Island is usually caused by Land use Land-Cover Changes (LULCC), including in Jakarta-Indonesia. Rapid development in Jakarta causes green open space to decrease and increase surface temperature in urban areas. In addition, Urban Heat Island also affects the spread of pollutants due to increased turbulence. Therefore, this study aims to find the link between temperature rise in DKI Jakarta which is influenced by land cover changes to pollutant spread such as NO2, PM10, and O3.&#x0D; This research begins with data processing observation of average temperature of DKI Jakarta area with meteorology station Tangerang, Banten for spatial calculation from year 2011-2016. In addition, LANDSAT 8 satellite image data is processed for spatial land and temperature encapsulation with Remote Sensing software from 2013-2015. As a result, in 2013 and 2015 there is a reduction in the area of vegetation that turns into non-vegetation (residential and industrial areas) that affect the temperature of the DKI Jakarta region is increasing. After that, sought the linkage between Urban Heat Island and the spread of pollutant concentrations in DKI Jakarta in 2013 and 2015. As a result, the increase of Jakarta area temperature, especially in pollutant observation area at five points, influenced the distribution of pollutant NO2, O3, and PM10 pollutant concentration balance with the dominan area such as roadside, industry, settlement in the time and area study in DKI Jakarta.

IDENTIFICATION OF URBAN HEAT ISLAND SPREADING TO CONCENTRATION OF NO2, O3, AND PM10 POLLUTANT IN DKI JAKARTA

Urban Heat Island is usually caused by Land use Land-Cover Changes (LULCC), including in Jakarta-Indonesia. Rapid development in Jakarta causes green open space to decrease and increase surface temperature in urban areas. In addition, Urban Heat Island also affects the spread of pollutants due to increased turbulence. Therefore, this study aims to find the link between temperature rise in DKI Jakarta which is influenced by land cover changes to pollutant spread such as NO2, PM10, and O3.&#x0D; This research begins with data processing observation of average temperature of DKI Jakarta area with meteorology station Tangerang, Banten for spatial calculation from year 2011-2016. In addition, LANDSAT 8 satellite image data is processed for spatial land and temperature encapsulation with Remote Sensing software from 2013-2015. As a result, in 2013 and 2015 there is a reduction in the area of vegetation that turns into non-vegetation (residential and industrial areas) that affect the temperature of the DKI Jakarta region is increasing. After that, sought the linkage between Urban Heat Island and the spread of pollutant concentrations in DKI Jakarta in 2013 and 2015. As a result, the increase of Jakarta area temperature, especially in pollutant observation area at five points, influenced the distribution of pollutant NO2, O3, and PM10 pollutant concentration balance with the dominan area such as roadside, industry, settlement in the time and area study in DKI Jakarta.

Numerical simulation of pollutant dispersion in the residential areas with continuous grass barriers

In this paper, numerical modeling of the movement and dispersion of pollutant emissions between houses as well as the effect of a continuous barrier on the spread of pollutants was considered. To solve this problem, a system of Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations was used, and various turbulent models were applied to close this equation system. To test the mathematical model, the numerical algorithm and the choice of the optimal turbulent model, the test problem was solved numerically. The obtained numerical results were compared with experimental data and the results of modeling by other authors. After checking the mathematical model, the numerical algorithm and the choice of the optimal turbulent model, the main problem describing the process of pollutant emissions between houses using continuous grass barriers was solved. In this problem, the distribution of pollutants was considered when using herbal barriers and the optimal height for these barriers was chosen. For the simulation, the RNG k-epsilon turbulence model was applied, which was chosen from the obtained results of the test problem. The numerical simulation results were compared with the obtained calculated data using different heights of solid grass barriers. And it was found that when using a solid grass barrier with a height of 0.1 m, the concentration value drops by more than 1.5 times compared with that without using a barrier, and further increasing the height of the barrier does not give the desired result.

Environmental Conditions Of Zakamensk Town (Dzhida River Basin Hotspot)

Ecological problems of Zakamensk town are associated with sand deposits that were formed as a result of mining activities of former Dzhidinsky tungstenmolybdenum plant. Sands are accumulated in large quantities and they contain dangerous concentrations of heavy metals. Desertification in an urbanized area is manifested locally, but it differs from agricultural desertification by a profound and comprehensive destructive change in the components of the environment. Maps of soils, vegetation, types of lands, as well as ecological zoning maps of Zakamensk were created. The basis for the creation of electronic maps using GIS were stock, archive and own materials, topographic maps and remote sensing data. Urbanized desertification in Zakamensk is caused by chemical contamination of sandy eluvium, the spreading of pollutants by water flows and wind currents. Erosion occurs both in the form of flat flushing and linear erosion. The most intensive is gully erosion. Quantitative parameters of temporal variability of the erosive rainfall potential for the Zakamensk town are received. The quantitative characteristics of loads of pollutants on the territory of the town are determined on the basis of the erosion-deflation models. The calculations showed that 204 tons/ha of contaminated sand annually falls into the settlement area with water-erosion flows (Pb – 3.7 tons, W – 4.3 tons). Moreover, active wind activity led to the deposition of more metals (Pb – 5.6 tons, W – 6.5 tons) in the town.

Prediction of side thermal buoyant discharge in the cross flow using multi-objective evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR-MOGA)

Abstract The capability to predict the distribution of pollutants in water bodies is one of the most important issues in the design of jet outfalls. Three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model and multi-objective evolutionary polynomial regression (EPR-MOGA) are used and compared in modeling the temperature field in the side thermal buoyant discharge in the cross flow. The input variables used for training the EPR-MOGA models are spatial coordinates (x, y, z), jet to cross flow velocity ratio (R), depth of the channel (d), and the temperature excess (T0). A previous experimental study is used to verify and compare the performance of the EPR-MOGA and CFD models. The results show that the EPR-MOGA model predicts the thermal cross section of the flow and the spread of pollutants at the surface with a better accuracy than the CFD model. However, the CFD method performs significantly better than EPR-MOGA in predicting temperature profiles. The uncertainty analysis indicated that the EPR-MOGA model had lower mean prediction error and smaller uncertainty band than the CFD model. The relationships achieved by the EPR-MOGA model are very useful to predict temperature profiles, temperature half-thickness, and temperature spread on surface in practice.

In-Furnace Control of Arsenic Vapor Emissions Using Kaolinite during Low-Rank Coal Combustion: Influence of Gaseous Sodium Compounds.

Using additives in the in-furnace control of arsenic emissions is promising for reducing the impact on the downstream selective catalytic reduction system and blocking the spread of arsenic pollutants into the environment. The study quantifies the arsenic adsorption capacity of kaolinite at high temperature and clarifies its fixation pathway with and without the existence of sodium vapor, which is easily adsorbed by kaolinite. Experiments about Al-coordination and acid sites of products, as well as calculations of thermodynamic equilibrium and the adsorption energy based on density functional theory were performed. During separated arsenic adsorption, nearly 40% of trivalent arsenic [As(III)] is oxidized to pentavalent arsenic [As(V)] and bonded to kaolinite, forming an As-O-Al structure. In this respect, the arsenic adsorption capacity of kaolinite is 200 μg g-1, with 24% of arsenic shown to be well-crystallized Al-bound. During the co-adsorption process, 82% of As(III) is oxidized to As(V) and connected to the Al surface of kaolinite, and the O-Na groups bond to As around the As-O-Al structure, thereby forming Na-O-As-O-Al. The arsenic adsorption capacity increased to 878 μg g-1 with well-crystallized Al-bound arsenic accounting for 56%. This study demonstrates the potential for the application of kaolinite as an arsenic adsorbent in the actual furnace.