Pollutants In Industrial Wastewater Research Articles

Enhanced Solubilization and Biodegradation of HMW-PAHs in Water with a Pseudomonas mosselii-Released Biosurfactant.

The treatment and reuse of wastewater are crucial for the effective utilization and protection of global water resources. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), as one of the most common organic pollutants in industrial wastewater, are difficult to remove due to their relatively low solubility and bioavailability in the water environment. However, biosurfactants with both hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups are effective in overcoming these difficulties. Therefore, a biosurfactant-producing strain Pseudomonas mosselii MP-6 was isolated in this study to enhance the bioavailability and biodegradation of PAHs, especially high-molecular-weight PAHs (HMW-PAHs). FTIR and LC-MS analysis showed that the MP-6 surfactant belongs to rhamnolipids, a type of biopolymer, which can reduce the water surface tension from 73.20 mN/m to 30.61 mN/m at a critical micelle concentration (CMC = 93.17 mg/L). The enhanced solubilization and biodegradation of PAHs, particularly HMW-PAHs (when MP-6 was introduced), were also demonstrated in experiments. Furthermore, comprehensive environmental stress tolerance tests were conducted to confirm the robustness of the MP-6 biosurfactant, which signifies the potential adaptability and applicability of this biosurfactant in diverse environmental remediation scenarios. The results of this study, therefore, have significant implications for future applications in the treatment of wastewater containing HMW-PAHs, such as coking wastewater.

Structural and optical properties of polyhedral N-doped ZnO@BiVO4 nanocomposite photocatalyst derived from ZIF-8

ZIF-8 dodecahedra precursor and BiVO4 nanoparticles were prepared using in-situ self-assembly and solvothermal methods, respectively. Then, an environmentally friendly ZnO@BiVO4 composite photocatalyst based on N-doped ZnO polyhedra containing carbon skeletons (NCZ) was obtained by calcining the mixture of ZIF-8 precursor and BiVO4 nanoparticles. The improvement of oxygen vacancy (VO) defects induced by N element doped in the ZnO component was determined, which was conductive to the photocatalytic performance improvement of the composite. Furthermore, the type-I transfer mechanism of carriers was identified in the ZnO@BiVO4 composite. The influence of BiVO4 and NCZ mass ratio on its photocatalytic performance under simulated solar light was studied by degrading tetracycline (TC) solution, and when the mass ratio was 20 %, the composite photocatalyst exhibited the optimum photocatalytic performance. In addition, the influences of TC solution pH value, initial TC solution concentration, and photocatalyst dosage on the degradation performance of the photocatalyst were further studied. The optimized conditions provide a feasible strategy for its application in photocatalytic degradation of industrial wastewater pollutants.

Ultrasound assisted TiO2@Fe3O4 nanocomposites photocatalytic degradation of organic pollutants in potato starch processing wastewater

Potato starch industrial wastewater should be treated and discharged after optimization due to the high concentration of organic compounds and heavy pollution load. In this study, Fe3O4 nanoparticles were synthesized by co-precipitation technology, and the TiO2@Fe3O4 nanocomposites were synthesized by ultrasonic chemistry method. The structure and morphology of the nanocomposites were characterized, and the degradation of organic pollutants in potato wastewater by TiO2@Fe3O4 nanocomposites under light conditions were investigated. The results show that TiO2@Fe3O4 nanocomposites can be used to catalyze the degradation of organic pollutants in potato starch industrial wastewater under visible light. Under the optimal conditions, the degradation rates of COD, TOC and TN of potato starch processing wastewater reached 73.60 %, 48.21 % and 14.54 %, and after ultrasonic pretreatment, the degradation rates of COD, TOC and TN of potato wastewater were significantly increased to 82.34 %, 63.63 % and 24.17 %, respectively. This method provides a feasible and efficient purification way for the degradation of organic pollutants in potato starch processing wastewater. The degradation mechanism was discussed through free radical scavenger test. It was found that HO· and H· played a major role in the degradation.

Treatment and Prospects of Industrial Wastewater with Biochar

As the process of industrialization accelerates, finding effective methods for industrial wastewater treatment has become an important task in the field of environmental protection. However, despite the preparation methods and properties of biochar have been studied, its large-scale application in industrial wastewater treatment has not yet been fully understood and clarified. This paper first analyzes the industrial wastewater to be treated, and combines the mechanism of biochar in treating industrial wastewater, elaborates the cases of biochar applied in real life and the corresponding difficulties. The research results show that biochar is a material with good application potential for industrial wastewater treatment. Its high specific surface area and rich surface functional groups give it good adsorption capacity for various pollutants in industrial wastewater. In addition, the adsorption performance of biochar can be optimized by adjusting its preparation and application conditions. Future research should further explore the long-term stability of biochar in the treatment of industrial wastewater, as well as its application effect in the actual industrial environment. In addition, the development of efficient, economical, and controllable technologies for the preparation and application of biochar, and promoting its large-scale application in industrial wastewater treatment, are also important directions for future research. The research in this paper is of great significance for understanding and utilizing biochar for the treatment of industrial wastewater. The results not only help to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of industrial wastewater treatment, but also provide new ideas and methods for the high-value utilization of waste biomass. Therefore, this research has important theoretical and practical value for promoting the development of industrial wastewater treatment technology and achieving sustainable utilization of environmental protection and resources.

Rapid pH-dependent Photocatalytic Degradation of Methylene Blue by CdS Nanorods Synthesized through Hydrothermal Process

CdS nanorods were successfully synthesized using a hydrothermal method and their photocatalytic degradation activity was tested on methylene blue (MB) at different pH levels. The synthesis of CdS nanorods was confirmed using various techniques including UV–Vis and FTIR spectrometers, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and high-resolution transmission electron microscope (HRTEM). UV–Vis analysis showed an absorption peak at 385 nm in the CdS nanorods suspension. FTIR spectroscopy revealed the presence of different functional groups responsible for stabilizing the nanorods. TEM analysis showed that the particles had a rod-like morphology with crystallite sizes ranging from 2 to 10 nm, consistent with the DLS studies. XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of CdS. A photocatalytic reactor was used to degrade methylene blue at different pH values, and the residual concentration was monitored using UV–Vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of CdS nanorods was found to be improved by adjusting the pH of the solution. The nanorods showed high efficiency in degrading methylene blue, with degradation performance of approximately 32 % and 35 % after just 30 min under sunlight at pH 4 and pH 10, respectively. This research has potential applications in the photodegradation of harmful pollutants in both industrial wastewater and domestic water supplies.

Synthesis and characterization of Pd0 nanoparticles supported over hydroxyapatite nanospheres for potential application as a promising catalyst for nitrophenol reduction

Nitrophenols, which are defined as an important toxic and carcinogenic pollutant in agricultural and industrial wastewater due to their solubility in water, form of resistance against all organisms in water resources. It is vital that these compounds, which are highly toxic as well as highly explosive, are removed from the aquatic ecosystem. In this paper, we reported the preparation and advanced characterization of Pd0 nanoparticles supported over hydroxyapatite nanospheres (Pd0@nano-HAp). The catalytic efficiency of the Pd0@nano-HAp catalyst was examined in the reduction of nitrophenols in water in the presence of NaBH4 as reducing agent and the great activity of catalyst have been specified against 2-nitrophenol, 4-nitrophenol, 2,4-dinitrophenol and 2,4,6-trinitrophenol compounds with 70.6, 82.4, 27.6 and 41.4 min−1 TOFinitial values, respectively. Another important point is that the Pd0@nano-HAp catalyst has perfect reusability performance (at 5th reuse between 68.5 and 92.8 %) for the reduction of nitrophenols. In addition, catalytic studies were carried out at different temperatures in order to determine thermodynamic parameters such as Ea, ΔH≠ and ΔS≠.

Metagenomic analysis reveals the distribution, function, and bacterial hosts of degradation genes in activated sludge from industrial wastewater treatment plants

For comprehensive insights into the bacterial community and its functions during industrial wastewater treatment, with a particular emphasis on its pivotal role in the bioremediation of organic pollutants, this study utilized municipal samples as a control group for metagenomic analysis. This approach allowed us to investigate the distribution, function, and bacterial hosts of biodegradation genes (BDGs) and organic degradation genes (ODGs), as well as the dynamics of bacterial communities during the industrial wastewater bioprocess. The results revealed that BDGs and ODGs associated with the degradation of benzoates, biphenyls, triazines, nitrotoluenes, and chlorinated aromatics were notably more abundant in the industrial samples. Specially, genes like clcD, linC, catE, pcaD, hbaB, hcrC, and badK, involved in the peripheral pathways for the catabolism of aromatic compounds, benzoate transport, and central aromatic intermediates, showed a significantly higher abundance of industrial activated sludge (AS) than municipal AS. Additionally, the BDG/ODG co-occurrence contigs in industrial samples exhibited a higher diversity in terms of degradation gene carrying capacity. Functional analysis of Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COGs) indicated that the primary function of bacterial communities in industrial AS was associated with the category of “metabolism”. Furthermore, the presence of organic pollutants in industrial wastewater induced alterations in the bacterial community, particularly impacting the abundance of key hosts harboring BDGs and ODGs (e.g. Bradyrhizobium, Hydrogenophaga, and Mesorhizobium). The specific hosts of BDG/ODG could explain the distribution characteristics of degradation genes. For example, the prevalence of the Adh1 gene, primarily associated with Mesorhizobium, was notably more prevalent in the industrial AS. Overall, this study provides valuable insights into the development of more effective strategies for the industrial wastewater treatment and the mitigation of organic pollutant contamination.

Biomass waste-derived carbon materials for sustainable remediation of polluted environment: A comprehensive review

In response to the growing global concern over environmental pollution, the exploration of sustainable and eco-friendly materials derived from biomass waste has gained significant traction. This comprehensive review seeks to provide a holistic perspective on the utilization of biomass waste as a renewable carbon source, offering insights into the production of environmentally benign and cost-effective carbon-based materials. These materials, including biochar, carbon nanotubes, and graphene, have shown immense promise in the remediation of polluted soils, industrial wastewater, and contaminated groundwater. The review commences by elucidating the intricate processes involved in the synthesis and functionalization of biomass-derived carbon materials, emphasizing their scalability and economic viability. With their distinctive structural attributes, such as high surface areas, porous architectures, and tunable surface functionalities, these materials emerge as versatile tools in addressing environmental challenges. One of the central themes explored in this review is the pivotal role that carbon materials play in adsorption processes, which represent a green and sustainable technology for the removal of a diverse array of pollutants. These encompass noxious organic compounds, heavy metals, and organic matter, encompassing pollutants found in soils, groundwater, and industrial wastewater. The discussion extends to the underlying mechanisms governing adsorption, shedding light on the efficacy and selectivity of carbon-based materials in different environmental contexts. Furthermore, this review delves into multifaceted considerations, spanning the spectrum from biomass and biowaste resources to the properties and applications of carbon materials. This holistic approach aims to equip researchers and practitioners with a comprehensive understanding of the synergistic utilization of these materials, ultimately facilitating effective and affordable strategies for combatting industrial wastewater pollution, soil contamination, and groundwater impurities.

Integrating artificial neural networks and response surface methodology for predictive modeling and mechanistic insights into the detoxification of hazardous MB and CV dyes using Saccharum officinarum L. biomass

The presence of dye pollutants in industrial wastewater poses significant environmental and health risks, necessitating effective treatment methods. The optimal adsorption treatment of methylene blue (MB) and crystal violet (CV) dye-simulated wastewater utilising Saccharum officinarum L presents a key challenge in the selection of appropriate modelling approaches. While RSM and ANN models are frequently used, there is a noticeable knowledge gap when it comes to evaluating their relative strengths and weaknesses in this context. The study compared the predictive abilities of response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) for the adsorption treatment of MB and CV dye-simulated wastewater using Saccharum officinarum L. The process experimental variables were modelled and predicted using a three-layer artificial neural network trained using the Levenberg-Marquard backpropagation algorithm and 30 central composite designs (CCD). The adsorption study used a specific mechanism, which led to noteworthy maximum removals of 98.3% and 98.2% for dyes (MB and CV), respectively. The RSM model achieved an impressive R2 of 0.9417, while the ANN model achieved 0.9236 in MB. Adsorption is commonly used to remove colour from many different materials. Saccharum officinarum L., a byproduct of sugarcane processing, has shown potential as an efficient and ecological adsorbent in this environment. The purpose of this study is to evaluate sugarcane bagasse's potential as an adsorbent for the removal of dyes MB and CV from industrial wastewater, providing a long-term strategy for reducing dye pollution. Due to its beneficial economic and environmental characteristics, the Saccharum officinarum L. adsorbent has prompted research into sustainable resources with low pollutant indices.

Malachite green dye adsorption from wastewater using pine gum-based hydrogel: Kinetic and thermodynamic studies

In this study, a novel Pn-g-poly(AAm) hydrogel was synthesized via free radical polymerization, using pine gum as the backbone material and polyacrylamide as the monomer. By employing response surface methodology and central composite design, various process parameters were optimized, achieving an optimum 1325 % maximum swelling. The optimized quantities were 0.085 g of initiator, 1.4 g of monomer, 0.013 g of crosslinker, and 14 ml of solvent. The physio-chemical characterizations were conducted using XRD, FE-SEM, FTIR, BET, and TGA. BET analysis showed a specific surface area of 34.973 m²/g and a pore volume of 0.104 cc/g. In adsorption studies, the highest removal (97 %) of malachite green (MG) dye was observed at pH 7, a temperature of 25 °C, a contact time of 5 h and 30 min, an adsorbent dose of 0.08 g, a dye concentration of 50 mg/L, and a shaking speed of 150 rpm. The adsorption data followed pseudo-second-order kinetics and Langmuir isotherm models, with a maximum adsorption capacity of 120.772 mg g−1. Furthermore, thermodynamic studies yielded ΔH° at 106.123 KJ/mol and ΔS° at 382.618 J/mol. These results collectively demonstrate the potential of this adsorbent for effectively treating industrial wastewater pollutants.

An Intelligent Synthetic Bacterium for Chronological Toxicant Detection, Biodegradation, and Its Subsequent Suicide.

Modules, toolboxes, and synthetic biology systems may be designed to address environmental bioremediation. However, weak and decentralized functional modules require complex control. To address this issue, an integrated system for toxicant detection and biodegradation, and subsequent suicide in chronological order without exogenous inducers is constructed. Salicylic acid, a typical pollutant in industrial wastewater, is selected as an example to demonstrate this design. Biosensors are optimized by regulating the expression of receptors and reporters to get 2-fold sensitivity and 6-fold maximum output. Several stationary phase promoters are compared, and promoter Pfic is chosen to express the degradation enzyme. Two concepts for suicide circuits are developed, with the toxin/antitoxin circuit showing potent lethality. The three modules are coupled in a stepwise manner. Detection and biodegradation, and suicide are sequentially completed with partial attenuation compared to pre-integration, except for biodegradation, being improved by the replacements of ribosome binding site. Finally, a long-term stability test reveals that the engineered strain maintained its function for ten generations. The study provides a novel concept for integrating and controlling functional modules that can accelerate the transition of synthetic biology from conceptual to practical applications.

Microchannel structure affects fine particulate pollutant interception characteristics

Deep filtration is an important technology for the separation of fine particle pollutants in industrial wastewater. The theoretical core of microchannel separation is the interaction between channel interface and pollutants. Here, microchannels with different shapes and sizes were designed by microfluidic technology and the particle migration process in microchannels was visualized by high-speed camera. This paper studied the effects of apparent depth, inlet structure and channel angle of the interception channel on fluid flow and particle interception. When apparent depth of the interception channel was equidistantly distributed, the flow rate in each channel was uniform, but interception efficiency gradually decreased with the increase of apparent depth. Interception efficiency of the first layer was 16.7 %, while for the 14th layer was only 0.4 %. Interception performance of the upper wall of the inlet of the interception channel was substantially higher than that of the lower wall. The smoother the angle between the interception channel and the mainstream channel was, the better the interception performance. When the angle between the upper and lower walls of the inlet and the mainstream channel was 30° and 60°, respectively, interception efficiency was the optimal, and cumulative interception efficiency of the three filtrations was 92.4 %. Additionally, flow rate and interception efficiency of the interception channel increased with decreasing channel angle. The total interception performance of the 30°–45° group was the optimal, and the total split ratio and total interception efficiency were 65.5 % and 85.5 %, respectively. This provides reference for the change of microchannel structure and the mechanism of particle migration and deposition.

Enhanced visible light photocatalytic and electrochemical performance of Au modified zinc oxide nanocolumns

Research on the treatment of Acid Black 1 as an azo dye is significant because it is toxic and can have adverse effects on both human health and the ecosystem if not properly treated. The purpose of the research was the preparation and application of Au-ZnO nanocolumn (Au-ZnO NCs) photocatalysts to treat the azo dye Acid Black 1 (AB1) in industrial wastewater when it was exposed to light. The structural, electrochemical, and optical properties of prepared photocatalysts were analyzed. Results of structural analyses using SEM and XRD indicated that the surfaces of the ZnO NCs were successfully coated with Au nanoparticles to produce a large effective surface area. Results of electrochemical experiments showed that depositing conductive Au nanoparticles on the surface of ZnO nanocrystals significantly increased the charge transfer rate, implied a longer lifetime for photo-generated electrons, and increased the separation efficiency of Au-ZnO NCs. Results of optical studies showed that the band gap energies of ZnO NCs and Au-ZnO NCs could be measured to be 3.19 eV and 2.96 eV, respectively, which demonstrated that Au nanoparticles narrowed the band gap energy and caused the absorption to extend to the visible range. Results of studies on photocatalytic degradation showed that Au-ZnO NCs, as opposed to ZnO NCs, removed AB1 photocatalytically more quickly. After 20, 30, 45, 50, and 100 min of visible-light illumination, respectively, the total degradation of AB1 was 10, 25, 100, 125, and 300 mg/L. The Au-ZnO NCs' ability to treat 200 ml of a 100 mg/L AB1 solution using a real industrial wastewater sample and deionized water was studied. The results showed that because there are more pollutants in industrial wastewater, the total treatment of the real sample required more time. The results thus showed that AB1 from actual industrial wastewater was successfully photocatalytically treated in an Au-ZnO NCs photocatalyst.

PANI grafted onto waste poros polyurethane for co-adsorption of multiple pollutants in industrial wastewater

Simultaneously up-taking multiple pollutants from industrial wastewater is an urgent challenge in the field of adsorption technology. In this study, a polyaniline (PANI)-based adsorbent supported by waste polyurethane (PU) was designed, and its capability for simultaneous adsorption of various pollutants was investigated. The results revealed that in a simulated multi-pollutant wastewater, the adsorbent demonstrated synchronous removal efficiencies of 88% for acid red G (ARG), 40% for methylene blue (MB), 90% for Cr(VI), 58% for phosphorus (TP), 42% for NH4+-N, 30% for NO3−-N, and 63% for chemical oxygen demand (COD). The corresponding adsorption capacities were 255.81, 22.57, 105.32, 10.04, 7.98, 23.03 and 236.31 mg/gP/T, respectively. The continuous flow column adsorption lasted for 1800 min (144 columns) before reaching saturation, and no significant decrease in adsorption efficiency was observed even after 5 cycles of regeneration. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and excitation-emission matrix spectroscopy (EEM) analysis revealed that ARG, Cr(VI), NO3−-N, and TP competed for the same adsorption sites, with ARG exhibiting the highest affinity, followed by Cr(VI), TP, and NO3−-N. During the adsorption process, redox reactions occurred between Cr(VI) and =N- in the PANI chain, resulting in the formation of Cr(III) and -NH+- species, which further enhanced the adsorption of anionic pollutants such as H2PO4−. The interaction between pollutants before adsorption directly affected the subsequent adsorption process. Overall, these findings demonstrate the feasibility and effectiveness of the PU-P/T adsorbent as a potential engineering adsorbent for co-adsorption of a variety of pollutants.

The synergetic action of FeVO4 and h-BN for decontamination of industrial wastewater pollutants and the assessment of phytotoxicity

The research's primary objective is to successfully utilize the sol-gel method to synthesize FeVO4/h-BN nanocomposite with a smaller bandgap than h-BN (hexagonal boron nitride). The nanocomposite was examined using various techniques, including XRD, SEM, TEM, UV–Vis, PL, FT-IR, XPS, EIS, and Mott-Schottky analysis, to properly evaluate its structure, optical activity, vibrational properties, chemical compositions, and electrochemical studies. The FeVO4/h-BN binary nanocomposite shifts the band gap of synthesized h-BN from 5.8 eV to 2.01 eV. The composite's morphology made it abundantly clear that the spherical FeVO4 was anchored together in a sheet of h-BN. A phytotoxicity test was conducted after the photocatalytic degradation of industrial wastewater from textiles. Correspondingly, interpretation of the photocatalytic process showed the FeVO4/h-BN nanocatalyst degraded against industrial wastewater (IWW), Congo red (CR), and Methylene blue (MB) dye by up to 92.5%, 86.4%, and 96.4%, and antibiotics like metronidazole (MNZ) and cephalexin (CPX) up to 95.8% and 83.5% respectively, within 60 min under visible light. Numerous Physiochemical parameters intensity in the degraded IWW had greatly reduced, denoting lessened toxicity. To understand the photocatalytic degradation mechanism, trapping experiments with different scavengers were pursued. The scavenger study's evidence suggests that holes (h+) deserve greater suspicion for the degradation process. The material's potential for recycling was examined, and it was found to have significant potential insight into recycling prospects. In actual textile wastewater, the FeVO4/h-BN degrading tactic proved itself to be an efficient as well as economical choice.

The Influence of Phenol on the Growth, Morphology and Cell Division of Euglena gracilis.

Phenol, a monocyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with various commercial uses, is a major pollutant in industrial wastewater. Euglena gracilis is a unicellular freshwater flagellate possessing secondary chloroplasts of green algal origin. This protist has been widely used for monitoring the biological effect of various inorganic and organic environmental pollutants, including aromatic hydrocarbons. In this study, we evaluate the influence of different phenol concentrations (3.39 mM, 3.81 mM, 4.23 mM, 4.65 mM, 5.07 mM, 5.49 mM and 5.91 mM) on the growth, morphology and cell division of E. gracilis. The cell count continually decreases (p < 0.05-0.001) over time with increasing phenol concentration. While phenol treatment does not induce bleaching (permanent loss of photosynthesis), the morphological changes caused by phenol include the formation of spherical (p < 0.01-0.001), hypertrophied (p < 0.05) and monster cells (p < 0.01) and lipofuscin bodies. Phenol also induces an atypical form of cell division of E. gracilis, simultaneously producing more than 2 (3-12) viable cells from a single cell. Such atypically dividing cells have a symmetric "star"-like shape. The percentage of atypically dividing cells increases (p < 0.05) with increasing phenol concentration. Our findings suggest that E. gracilis can be used as bioindicator of phenol contamination in freshwater habitats and wastewater.

Decolorization of azo dyes by produced laccase enzyme in solid-state fermentation using biphenyl as an inducer

Azo dyes are a common pollutant in industrial wastewater, especially in textile industries. Due to their indigenous toxicity and environmental and water resources hazards, public concerns are increasingly growing to find a suitable solution. In recent years, enzyme-based processes, particularly the use of laccase enzymes for wastewater treatment, have received broad awareness due to their performance and sustainability. This study investigated the activity, crude enzyme production and decolorization performance of the laccase enzyme from Megasporoporia sp. in solid-state media. The production of the enzyme in solid-state media was executed in two coupled modes of biphenyl as inducer and without biphenyl. The results showed a 62% increase in biphenyl enzyme production in the culture medium. Then the produced enzyme was used for decolorization examination for four different azo dyes. Enzyme activity and optimized dye removal performance were investigated for each dye at a different temperature, pH and times. Laccase enzyme from Megasporoporia sp. provides valuable insights into the potential use of these enzymes from an unstudied biological source for sustainable treatment of industrial wastewater contaminated with azo dyes. By understanding production parameters and optimizing enzyme performance conditions, this research can contribute to developing enzyme-based processes that offer a suitable solution to mitigate the environmental and water resource hazards associated with azo-dye pollution in different industries.

Isolation of Pseudomonas oleovorans Carrying Multidrug Resistance Proteins MdtA and MdtB from Wastewater.

The pollution of industrial wastewater has become a global issue in terms of economic development and ecological protection. Pseudomonas oleovorans has been studied as a bacterium involved in the treatment of petroleum pollutants. Our study aimed to investigate the physicochemical properties and drug resistance of Pseudomonas oleovorans isolated from industrial wastewater with a high concentration of sulfate compounds. Firstly, Pseudomonas oleovorans was isolated and then identified using matrix-assisted flight mass spectrometry and 16S rDNA sequencing. Then, biochemical and antibiotic resistance analyses were performed on the Pseudomonas oleovorans, and a microbial high-throughput growth detector was used to assess the growth of the strain. Finally, PCR and proteomics analyses were conducted to determine drug-resistance-related genes/proteins. Based on the results of the spectrum diagram and sequencing, the isolated bacteria were identified as Pseudomonas oleovorans and were positive to reactions of ADH, MTE, CIT, MLT, ONPG, and ACE. Pseudomonas oleovorans was sensitive to most of the tested antibiotics, and its resistance to SXT and CHL and MIN and TIM was intermediate. The growth experiment showed that Pseudomonas oleovorans had a good growth rate in nutrient broth. Additionally, gyrB was the resistance gene, and mdtA2, mdtA3, mdtB2, mdaB, and emrK1 were the proteins that were closely associated with the drug resistance of Pseudomonas oleovorans. Our results show the biochemical properties of Pseudomonas oleovorans from industrial wastewater with a high concentration of sulfate compounds and provide a new perspective for Pseudomonas oleovorans to participate in biological removal of chemical pollutants in industrial wastewater.

Biochar-based nanocomposites for industrial wastewater treatment via adsorption and photocatalytic degradation and the parameters affecting these processes

AbstractThe preparation of biochar (BC) as a useful substance generated from biomass valorization via pyrolysis has attracted much attention in recent years. Moreover, widespread worries about water pollution and the issues brought on by producing and releasing massive volumes of industrial effluents have sparked research initiatives to examine practical and affordable solutions to these problems. Dyes, heavy metals, and pharmaceutical compounds are the main hazardous pollutants in industrial wastewater. As a result, biochar (BC)/biochar (BC)-based nanocomposites have been presented as a potential alternative to handle wastewater pollution with both adsorption and photocatalytic degradation processes. Such nanocomposite materials benefit from the synergistic effect of adsorption and photocatalysis to attain improved removal of pollutants from industrial wastewater. Therefore, this review aims to describe different preparation methods for biochar and biochar-based nanocomposites. Furthermore, the differences between the adsorption and photocatalytic degradation processes are discussed. BC-based nanocomposites have emerged as promising adsorbents and photocatalysts for wastewater treatment applications. To maximize the efficiency of these processes, an overview of the parameters affecting pollutants removal from wastewater via adsorption and photocatalytic degradation processes is reviewed, where biochar dose, initial pollutant concentration, pH, temperature, time, the presence of different anions, and recycling are discovered to have a significant impact on their performance. Finally, future recommendations and research directions are provided to help shape the applications of BC-based nanocomposites for wastewater treatment applications. This review offers a comprehensive evaluation of the use of biochar as a new environmental material capable of removing pollutants from wastewater. Graphical Abstract

A facile approach to fabricating fluorine‐free superhydrophobic cotton fabric with excellent oil–water separation performance

AbstractWith the increasing deterioration of environmental and ecology caused by industrial wastewater pollution and petroleum spill accidents, superhydrophobic materials for oil–water separation have attracted considerable attention. Herein, we propose a facile approach to fabricate fluorine‐free superhydrophobic cotton fabric (CF) for oil–water separation after the coverage of chitosan (CS) and titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles and the subsequent hydrophobization modification by hexadecyltrimethoxysilane (HDTMS). The obtained HDTMS‐TiO2/CS@CF showed superhydrophobicity with a high water contact angle of 160.6° as well as excellent self‐cleaning capability, non‐adhesion capability and surface stability. Moreover, the CF was successfully applied for the separation of various oil–water mixtures. The separation efficiency for trichloromethane‐water mixture reached 95.8%, and still maintained 95.6% after 30 separation cycles. In addition, the CF also possessed superior photocatalytic degradation capability for organic contaminant such as oil red O and the degradation rate was 86.2% under UV irradiation for 180 min. The preparation method in this work is simple, environmentally friendly, low‐cost, and easy to produce on a large scale. The findings conceivably stand out as a new method to fabricate superhydrophobic materials and show great application potential in the fields of oil–water separation and water purification.