Political Linguistics Research Articles

Language as a tool for creating a positive Image of the state in the system of Interstate Relations (using the example of China's Global Security Initiative)

The article examines the language tools used to create a positive image of the state in the system of interstate relations using the example of China's global security initiative. Special attention is paid to metaphors as a key element of linguistic influence. The article examines how various metaphorical techniques contribute to the formation of a favorable perception of China in the international arena. Attention is focused on the analysis of official texts related to the Global Security initiative in order to identify and interpret key metaphors. The object of our research is political discourse. The subject of the study is the image of China in the context of the representation of the Global Security Initiative. The research makes a significant contribution to the theory of intercultural communication and political linguistics, expanding the understanding of the role of language in interstate relations and the formation of public opinion. Critical discourse analysis allows us to evaluate the linguistic means of the text used, the pragmatic purpose of which includes not only an informational appeal to the world community explaining the political position of the Chinese government, but also the creation of a certain image of the country. A comprehensive analysis of the use of metaphors in official statements and documents of the People's Republic of China concerning the global security initiative is being conducted. This analysis allows us to identify specific metaphorical constructions that China uses to create a positive image in the international arena.The study deepens the understanding of how metaphors function in interstate relations and influence the perception of China as a peacemaker and stable partner. This includes studying how metaphors contribute to the formation of a positive image and strengthen trust between states. The findings of the study can be applied in the practice of international relations and diplomacy, providing recommendations on the use of language tools to improve the image of the state. This is important for developing effective public diplomacy and communication strategies. The conclusions of the article emphasize the importance of the competent use of metaphors as a tool of diplomacy and a strategic communication resource in the modern world.

Language of Political Campaign: Unraveling the Linguistic Landscape in Billboard Advertisements

Billboard advertisements for legislative and senatorial campaigns are integral to the cityscape leading to the general elections, reflecting local political dynamics. This study examines the linguistic landscape in billboard advertisements for legislative and senator campaigns heading for the general election in Indonesia. A qualitative method was employed, gathering data from billboard advertisements across various city areas. Analysis was conducted on the language usage, stylistic features, word choice, sentence structure, and visual representations in these billboard advertisements. Findings indicate a variation in language usage, with standard Indonesian predominating but also a presence of local language mixtures. Stylistic features range from persuasive to informative, while word choice tends toward positively connotated terms. Sentence structures tend to be simple and direct, while visual representations emphasize the candidates and symbols reflecting political aspirations. These results depict candidates' complex communication strategies influencing voter opinions and attitudes. A profound understanding of this linguistic landscape is crucial for political observers and candidates to comprehend local political campaign dynamics and effective communication strategies. This study added a new dimension to understanding how political communication is manifested in public spaces. By focusing on billboards as an outdoor media, which often serves as a daily backdrop for many people, this study explores how language can effectively capture voters' attention and influence their political attitudes. Thus, this study is expected to significantly enrich the understanding of political linguistics and communication strategies in the context of election campaigns.

У лабіринтах політичного неймінгу: структурно-семантичне розмаїття найменувань політичних партій

The article reveals some problems of domestic political linguistics. Especially it’s about language sources that are used in the marketing technologies of Ukrainian political parties in the creating of some political brand-name. The essences of such terms as political brand / branding, political name / naming are found out throw the prism of interpretive linguistics and psycholinguistics. Political names are presented in formal and lexical-semantic connections. Political brand-names are qualified as mental units of the conceptual picture of the world, which accumulate various associative icons, concepts, ideas, assessments and are capable of instilling trust and creating a positive image. The focus is on complexity to find a way out of the labyrinths of the naming space for the average elector. These labyrinths contain the number of objects, renaming, consonance, duplication, etc. that don’t contribute to adequate perception, understanding, but on the contrary, lead to disorientation. Comprehension of the structure and content of political names is mostly impossible without special background knowledge, linguistic skills, etc., directly depends on the level of political culture of the electorate and civic position.

Linguistic means of expressing communicative strategies in non-cooperative discourse (based on the material of English-language talk shows

Every year there is a rapid development of the media sphere, including its visual and discursive component, which contributes to the development of the "digital language" and the "language of television", the parallel development of YouTube journalism as a media phenomenon, which are evolving along with all the ongoing processes. Any language is susceptible to this, especially English, which is the most widespread and popular in the world. The study of linguistic issues of the language of television shows, the language of talk shows in line with the anthropological paradigm of modern linguistics in its broadest sense (issues of the functioning of language in various types of discourse, journalism and PR, media linguistics and political linguistics) and its central concepts such as the manipulative influence of language, linguistic personality, pragmalinguistics of language and text as part of it are an integral part of both the theory of language and the linguodidactic component of foreign language teaching (English as a foreign language). Taking into account the current conflicting political situation in the world, aggravated political and armed conflicts, the study of non-cooperative discourse in the media of English-language talk shows is certainly of scientific novelty. The main content of the research is concentrated around the analysis of the concepts of "non-cooperative discourse", "PR-discourse" from a linguistic point of view. Media linguistic analysis, discourse analysis, the method of multimodal text analysis, etc. are used as research methods. Results suggest that the concept of non-cooperative discourse is revealed (based on the material of English-language talk shows). Even so, the present study concludes that the approach is worthwhile and promising for further research.

«…Мы отливаем нашу речь по определенным жанровым формам…»: размышления о прочитанном

The article provides an analytical review of the ideas set out in the book by L.V. Balashova and V.V. Dementiev “Russian speech genres” (Moscow: YASK Publishing House, 2022. 832 p.) in the context of the formation and development of speech definitions as a reflection of the language picture of the world. The concept of the theory of speech genres and its interpretation in the aspect of communicative and cognitive linguistics is revealed. It is said about the linguistic and cultural potential of the study of Russian speech phenomenon in this aspect. Related problems are considered: genre and creativity, genre and linguistic personality, etc. It is noted that much attention in the book is paid to the analysis of the value characteristics of speech communication — the study of genres such as heart-to-heart conversation, small talk, genres of the Runet, etc. A special place in the concept is occupied by the sphere of political linguistics and its verbal and genre organization. The role of the clerical speech, analytical review and friend-and-foe oppositions in the mass media is emphasized. It is indicated that the vector of evaluation meta-commentaries in the news pages of the media has changed. Attention is drawn to the applied importance of studying speech genres based on the use of the National Corpus of the Russian language, computer analysis of texts and digitalization of language material in the Russian Scientific Citation Index. The discussion of controversial issues related to the definition of the status of popular expressions as speech units of special organization is introduced. This circumstance makes it possible to include them in the system of speech genres. The rich historical and linguistic experience is used: from the classical ideas of M.M. Bakhtin, V.V. Vinogradov, G.O. Vinokur and other scientists who stood at the origins of this problem, to the concepts of modern domestic and foreign researchers. The reception of their views suggests possible vectors of the development of the theory of speech genres, the need to identify and analyze them in the conditions of centrifugal trends of communicative practice.

Language as an object of interdisciplinary research: methodological aspects in the context of development trends of political and legal spheres in modern conditions

Тhe article is devoted to the identification and analysis of the main methodological assets of interdisciplinary studies of the phenomenon of language at the interface of various social sciences and disciplines (in particular, jurisprudence, linguistics, sociology, political science, geopolitics, marketing management) and the consequences of their use in the context of the significance of their influence on the development of political of the legal sphere at the state and world levels in the conditions of modern reality. Particular attention is paid to the patterns of the emergence of specific linguistic political and social phenomena ("new languages", "languages of Nazism", global language) and the transformation of ideas about language in the light of the use of marketing tools in the field of language policy. Special attention is paid to the study of the main regularities of the influence of the globalization factor on the linguistic space of the world in the context of the problems of violation of the "linguistic balance of languages" and the use of language as a tool of "soft power". It was found that legal linguistics, political linguistics and sociolinguistics are key subdisciplines in the linguistic field in the political and legal context. Based on the study of the influence of the globalization factor on the language space, it was found that among its consequences is the emergence of a new political language, the key directions of which discourses were reflected in the legal dimension through the legalization of certain social relations, and the global spread of the English language - a key tool of "soft forces" of Great Britain in the geopolitical sphere, which is considered as the main threat to the "linguistic balance of power". As a result of the analysis of the fundamentals of the marketing approach to language policy, we came to the conclusion that its application to the phenomenon of language as such contributes to the reduction of the spiritual and civilizational assets of mankind to the mercantile level of world perception. As a proposal, the need to begin the formation of appropriate (scientific) terminology systems in the context of creating a new language capable of providing conceptual support for radical transformations in all spheres of human existence in the future is indicated.

Prospects for Investigations of Political Discourse (Review of a Monograph by Prof A.A. Romanov and O.V. Novosiolova “Constructions of Threat in Pre-electoral Discourse. Linguocognitive Analysis of papers and programs of presidential campaign in 2018”. Moscow: URSS, 2021. — 440 p.)

This article presents a review of the monograph titled “Constructions of Threat in Pre-electoral Discourse. Linguocognitive Analysis of papers and programs of the 2018 presidential campaign” by A.A. Romanov and O.V. Novosyolova. The authors examined different factors related to pre-election communication, such as cognitive-discursive, psycholinguistic, and pragmalinguistic factors. They analyzed representative material and used topical linguistic analysis methods, including Diatone, an automated program for analyzing textual data in pre-election communication. They also examined the emotional-suggestive impact of pre-election programmes. Prof. A.A. Romanov and O.V. Novosyolova’s monograph is topical since it is grounded upon present-day trends of conducting linguistic analysis on the basis of one of the genres of political discourse in a comprehensive manner. The scientific novelty of the research lies in the fact that it is the first time such a massive investigation has been completed. The results of the book under study significantly contribute to further development of various linguistic theories, such as pragmalinguistics, speech act theory, functional semantics, communication theory as well as political discourse, cognitive semantics, and communicative-pragmatic constructivism. The practical value of this research is evident in the sphere of political linguistics as well as in teaching courses such as “Topical Issues of Present-day Linguistics”, “Methods of Linguistic Analysis”, “Modern Political Discourse”. It also contributes to integration of new courses into programmes that explore interaction between language and thinking, language and speech, and language and society from a political science perspective.

Первая речь члена парламента как жанр парламентского дискурса: функциональный аспект

Introduction. The paper focuses on the genre of a maiden speech, which is the first official speech of a newly elected parliamentarian. The relevance of the research is due to the fact that no special studies of this genre have been presented in the linguistic literature so far.
 Aim. The study aims at discovering and describing the functional features of a maiden speech. 
 Methodology and research methods. The methods used in the work include the descriptive method, the methods of discursive, contextual, functional and stylistic analysis.
 Results. As a result of the study, the following main functions of a maiden speech are identified: the functions of presentation, social identification and solidarity, the performative function, the functions of orientation, differentiation and confrontation. Special features and means of implementing each of the functions are considered. It is concluded that a maiden speech is a “hybrid” speech genre, in which the signs of ritual genres are combined with the signs of orientational genres; the features of agonal genres can also be found in a maiden speech.
 The scientific novelty of this study lies in the functional approach to the description of the speech genre under consideration.
 The practical significance of the paper is determined by the fact that its results can be used in the courses of lectures on political linguistics, discourse theory, genristics and rhetoric.

Impact Of Arabic Language Academies And Their Foundations On Community Service/ أثر مجامع اللغة العربية ومؤسساتها في خدمة المجتمع

This research is a descriptive approach that studies the impact of linguistic academies and institutions concerned with the Arabic language on both the local and the Arab communities. The boundaries of the study are the linguistic academies in Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Algeria, Syria, and other linguistic institutions; it aims to monitor the goals of the academies and institutions and to show their relationship with society, in addition, to highlight the areas of cooperation between them, to present the areas in which community can be served, and to identify the core obstacles facing these academies and institutions in their linguistic mission. Therefore, the research answers an important question: Is there an impact of Arabic linguistic academies and institutions on the local and Arab community? The sample of study adopted by the research was all the Arab academies, the most prominent of which are the Iraqi, Syrian, Jordanian, Egyptian, Saudi, and Algerian Arabic language academies, by tracking their websites and printed books and collecting the topics they published, and have a direct relationship with the local and Arab community. The most important goals of these academies are to preserve the integrity of the Arabic language, to take care of new terms and Arabize them, to establish linguistic issues, to monitor the reality of the Arabic language, and to make linguistic dictionaries. One of the aspects of the relationship between the academies and the community is through carrying out linguistic projects, communicating with it, and holding courses and competitions for it. The research clarified the most significant obstacles that affect this relationship, the most important of which are low financial resources, the rarity of linguistic experts, and media weakness. The research concludes with the need to break the elite control of linguistic academies and institutions and to expand the integration of human potentials that serve the Arabic language so that there are multiple windows of influence and the need to involve segments of society in linguistic thinking, its problems, ways to solve it and to pay attention to computational, psychological, social, political linguistics, by offering courses, programs, and diplomas that assist national plans for human development.

SEMANTIC FEATURES OF POLITICAL VOCABULARY IN THE KAZAKH LANGUAGE

The paper defines all the linguistic means denoting political vocabulary. Linguistic concepts such as "political communication", and "political discourse" are considered, and several linguistic units that express them are defined. It is established that language and politics are not considered separately from each other, the analysis of the political system in Kazakhstan of various natures using the language, positions, and statements of public and state figures, and political leaders should be carried out at the junction of political, philological and linguistic research.A number of basic terms and methods covering the main problems of political linguistics are defined, and an explanation is given for each. In Kazakh society, the place of Alash leaders and activist S. Seifulin in the political discourse is characterized, and recognized based on their works by political leaders, and statesmen, conducting political discussions of a democraticeducational, educational-revolutionary orientation. So far, the language of political leaders has not been studied and cognitively studied only on the basis of their works.The relevance of our research lies in the study of the political linguistic personality of public figures who lived in Kazakh society within the framework of political discourse, the formation of a political linguistic personality based on slogans, reports, journalistic articles of socio-political content using stylistic structures and types of tropes of the artistic and political image in the language.The practical significance of the conclusions formulated in the paper is relevant for linguists, Alash scholars, literary critics, and other readers.

PROVOCATIVE QUESTIONS AND REACTIONS TO THEM IN A POLITICAL INTERVIEW

Provocative questions are one of the most effective techniques in a political interview. The article considers the communication strategies and tactics of politicians as a reaction to provocative questions, as well as the means of creating a provocation by journalists. The purpose of the study is to analyze provocative questions and responding replica of politicians. The article is a contribution to the study of political interviews as a special genre of political discourse, as well as to the development of a methodology for analyzing communication strategies and tactics. The main methods were the method of contextual analysis and pragmalinguistic analysis in combination with the method of component analysis. The analysis found that the journalist has a limited set of ways to construct provocations in questions of a political interview, in contrast to a set of strategies in the answers of politicians. The provocation of journalists was created with the help of such lexical and syntactic means as metaphors, irony, repetition, parallel constructions. To increase emotional pressure, enumerations with negatively colored pragmes, semantic markers of confidence were used. Politicians' responses included selfdefense, counter-attack, and avoidance strategies. The choice of a strategy and the way of its implementation is the reflection of such factor as the image of the politician. The value of the study and its practical significance lies in the use of its main results for research in the field of political communication, as well as in the practice of disciplines related to political linguistics.

REGULATORY COMMUNICATIVE STRATEGY IN THE UKRAINIAN PARLIAMENTARY DISCOURSE

The article is devoted to the analysis of the Ukrainian parliamentary discourse in terms of the communicative behavior of its participants, in particular, the implementation of communicative strategies of its participants. The concepts of political discourse and parliamentary discourse as a manifestation of the latter are defined; genre features of Ukrainian parliamentary discourse are revealed and to characterize parliamentary debates as the main speech genre. The main communicative strategies of politicians - participants in the Ukrainian parliamentary discourse are outlined and the linguistic means of implementing communicative strategies are analyzed. The study is focused on the communicative behavior of the chairman of the Verkhovna Rada meetings, who performs the communicative role of the moderator and chooses regulatory as the main strategy of communicative behavior in the parliamentary discourse. The purpose of the article is to determine the role of the regulatory strategy in the Ukrainian parliamentary discourse. The object of the study is the Ukrainian parliamentary discourse, the subject of the study is the speech behavior of the “moderator” of the parliamentary debates in the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine. The transcripts of the meetings of the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine for 2022-2023 served as the research material. The speech behavior of the speaker is considered - the chairman of the meetings is the speaker of the Verkhovna Rada or his deputy, who acts as a moderator at the parliamentary debates: announces the agenda, gives the floor, sums up what was said, etc. Participants in parliamentary debates take turns speaking in the discussion: in most cases, the topic of discussion is set by one politician who presents the draft law, and the deputies criticize or support his speech. The regulatory strategy is subordinated to the observance of procedural norms and rules during parliamentary debates, the information strategy provides for the notification of new and operational information to the participants of the parliamentary discourse. The study deepens the theoretical foundations of political linguistics, discourse studies and linguistic pragmatics; theories of speech genres and communicative strategies.

Идеологический компонент военного дискурса

This article analyses the ideological component in the Georgian-language military discourse. It should be noted that the concept of discourse in modern Russian and foreign linguistics is interpreted in different ways, and the range of scientific approaches applicable to it is rather diverse, including linguocognitive, pragmastylistic, linguoculturological and others. The scientific description of the phenomenon of military discourse is limited to a few works. One of the key characteristics of this phenomenon is that its function is to organize communication between the subjects of professional communication, in the particular case, in the armed forces. The subject of research in this paper is the functioning and implementation of the language structures that contribute to the formation of the desired ideological attitudes and values in the addressee. The choice of texts of the military discourse of contemporary Georgia is determined by their accessibility to a wide range of readers (open access), as well as by the fact that to date there are no works related to the study of Georgian-language military texts within the framework of linguistics. Based on the works of Russian and foreign linguists, the main components that characterize military discourse as a separate category are identified. The ideological constituents of military discourse are determined, reflecting the communicative organization of the worldview of its subjects. In addition, lexical characteristics inherent in military discourse are highlighted. We believe that the materials reflected in this paper can be of interest and use to linguists, linguoconflictologists, specialists in intercultural communication and political linguistics as well as in Kartvelian studies.

Influence of spoken language in English-Speaking political media discourse

A great deal of attention is paid to the problems of political discourse because political discourse is the most frequently used event in society. The impact of speech on political discourse is discussed within the framework of political linguistics, pragmatic linguistics, discourse theory and psychology. The relevance of the topic of this article is due to the increased interest in the problem of manipulation of public opinion. As E. Siegel points out one of the clear manifestations of power is the monopoly on information and the right to speak. The ability of language to shape the worldview of the public plays a big role in the mentioned case. In this regard, one of the characteristic features of research in the field of political communication is that language is perceived as a means of achieving a pragmatic goal: to manipulate the addressee's cognition. Thus, we can talk about the strategy of manipulation. The great role of metaphors is noteworthy here. This article is devoted to the impact of speech with a metaphor, the source of which is the sports concept "loser". This metaphorical unit has a negative connotation and contains a strong emotional signal.

Influence of New Trends in Kyrgyz Language Studies

This article is devoted to the problem of expansionism, which, influencing the subject-content environment of the language, covers the extralinguistic side. This approach allows you to explore the field of linguistics as a multifaceted and heterogeneous industry. Modern linguistics allows you to explore the language, taking into account the influence of the human factor, since anthropocentrism contributes to the emergence of new directions in linguistics. We know that “new” views on the language are beginning to take root in modern Kyrgyz linguistics. Like general linguistics, Kyrgyz linguistics is freely integrated with other sciences, for example, cognitive linguistics already has a strong place in Kyrgyz linguistics. If cognitive linguistics, gender, political linguistics, pragmalinguistics, cultural linguistics, ethnolinguistics, legal linguistics and other similar areas are not new in Russian linguistics, then in Kyrgyz linguistics they have become the basis for the emergence of new theories and concepts. The variety of new directions in linguistics allows us to analyze the language in a new way, since new directions in linguistics appear on the basis of public interest. The change in attitude to language is due to its ontological properties in relation to the linguistic society and linguistic personality that take place in life. Thus, the article gives a brief description of the formation and development of new directions in general linguistics, as well as the influence in Kyrgyz linguistics.

Carnivalesque Humour in the 2017 Women’s March Protest Posters Against Trumpism: A Multimodal Discourse Analysis

The 2017 Women's March is a histo-political icon in the US for women's rights, voice, solidarity, collective identity and power to resist Trump’s ideologized masculinity, racism and social hegemony. Although the multitude of protest posters in the Women’s March has become the core of research from different perspectives, there is still a scarce attention given to how Trump’s body compared to Putin’s was used to ridicule Trumpism through protestors’ multimodal protest posters. To cover such a research gap, this work, in turn, focuses mainly on grotesque imagery in the 2017 Women’s March for protesters to delegitimize and scorn Trump’s political agenda for ‘America First’ and ‘Make America Great Again’. Based on Bakhtin’s (1984a) carnival theory and carnivalesque as an overarching theoretical framework and Kress and van Leeuwen’s (2006) visual social semiotics as a methodological approach to the selected protest posters corpus, we found that a multimodal grotesque imagery of the Trump-Putin’s relationship was manipulated in the 2017 Women’s March as a counter discourse to vent protesters’ anger and resistance against Trumpism. A work like this will significantly add more to sociolinguistics and political linguistics in terms of considering linguistic and nonlinguistic units in communication. As such, this implies broadening the toolkit of analysis in applied linguistics.

POLITICAL DISCOURSE: MAIN TRENDS AND APPROACHES

The article presents an overview of the main trends and approaches to the study of political discourse. The combination of linguistic and ideological structural approaches to the discourse analysis of specific texts leads to an understanding of discourse as a point of intersection of language and ideology, and discursive analysis as an analysis of ideological aspects of language use and the implementation of a certain ideology in language. Institutional discourse is a discourse determined by the types of social institutions formed in a certain society, characterized by a number of linguistically relevant features determined by such factors as the purpose of communication, the representative communicative function of its participants, and fixed typical circumstances of communication. One of the types of institutional discourse is political discourse, which is a reflection of the socio-political life of the country, contains elements of its culture, and also reflects the features of the national character, general and national-specific cultural values, and aims to gain and maintain political power. The main functions of political discourse are informative, instrumental, prognostic, normative, legitimating, persuasive and political propaganda. In political linguistics, genres related to the functioning of the political system are distinguished (for example, parliamentary debates, political manifestos and programs, reports of party leaders at conferences, political documents), genres related to mass media (for example, political news, political interviews, talk shows, political advertising in the press) and genres related to the public sphere (for example, meetings with citizens, political forums). Emphasizing the special role of the media in the implementation of political discourse, with the help of which it becomes addressed to a large audience, public, there is a tendency to merge the discourse of the mass media and political discourse.

COMMUNICATIVE-SPEECH REALIZATION OF THE CATEGORY OF POLITENESS IN MODERN GERMAN POLITICAL DISCOURSE

The article is devoted to the analysis of the communicative-speech implementation of the category of politeness in modern German political discourse, associated with the manifestation of such professional and personal qualities of its main subjects — politician, as political correctness, persuasiveness, etc. The analysis is carried out on the material of the texts of modern German political discourse. The methodological basis of the analysis is scientific works on the theory of discourse and text, political linguistics, pragmalinguistics, sociolinguistics, cultural linguistics. The understanding of the category of politeness as an interdisciplinary dynamic phenomenon is accepted. The complex bipolar system of the category of politeness, which is based on a dynamic scale of communicative strategies and linguistic means of expressing both formally polite and emotionally expressive address, is updated in various types of discourses. When analyzing the features of the expression of the category of politeness in modern German political discourse, the syncretism of its functions, primarily ethical and persuasive, is taken into account. The interaction and mutual influence of the main functions of the category of politeness are shown on the example of the implementation of the communicative strategy of dialogization by the linguistic personality of a German politician in various situations of political discourse. The article substantiates the thesis that by creating a quasi-reality of dialogue, using speech politeness formulas, a politician has an impact on the audience to achieve political goals.

КОММУНИКАТИВНАЯ СТРАТЕГИЯ ДИСКРЕДИТАЦИИ РОССИИ В НЕМЕЦКИХ СМИ ПРИ ОСВЕЩЕНИИ СОБЫТИЙ НА УКРАИНЕ (МАРТ-МАЙ 2022 ГОДА)

Political linguistics is a relatively new branch of philological science in Russia. It is actively and productively developing at present, enriching the humanities and social sciences with its achievements. The results of research in thefield of political linguistics are in demand not only in philology but also in such areas of knowledge as political science and sociology. The article considers the question of communicative strategy of discrediting in modern German political discourse. The research material is presented by articles published in the well–known German newspapers and magazines: “Focus”, “Handelsblatt”, “Tageszeitung”. These articles are devoted to the assessment of events in Ukraine in March – May 2022. The author establishes that one of the main communicative strategies in the speech genre of "article" in the German media discussing the problem of relations with Russia is a strategy of discrediting. This fact is explained by the sender’s communicative intention to inflict maximum damage to the reputation of his opponent – the Russian Federation, to turn public opinion against its leadership, to justify modern foreign policy of Germany. The linguistic analysis of mass media’s texts shows the evaluative attitude of journalists, experts, state and political figures of Germany to the events in Ukraine, value orientations of the Western civilization’s representatives, as well as means of linguistic manipulation of the readers' minds used by them. The strategy of discrediting in the German media is implemented through a number of communicative tactics. The most commonly used are tactics of accusations, insult and highlighting the negative information. The reader is offered a justification for their active use by experts, journalists, German politicians and statesmen. The author of the article reveals main lexical-stylistic and syntactic-stylistic means that are used to convey communicative strategy of discrediting in speech.

Manipulative strategies and tactics in Joe Biden’s presidential victory speech

The study was carried out within the framework of political linguistics. The article provides an analysis of the strategies and tactics of Joe Biden in his victory speech in the presidential election on November 7, 2020. The author sets himself the task of studying the self­presentation of a politician. The paper examines the main characteristics of political discourse, the results of the study provide examples of various tactics and strategies that the president used in his speech. The task of the study is to identify and analyze various speech tactics, and an attempt is made to justify their use. The following tactics were identified and analyzed: tactics of association, identification, highlighting positive information, illustration, citation and tactics of discrediting the opponent. The result of the analysis showed that it is important for the president to create a positive image in front of the American people, his speech is filled with patriotic statements and gratitude to his electorate. The relevance of the work is due to the growing interest in political discourse on the example of American politicians. It was concluded that Joe Biden positions himself as a confident leader of the American people, who is destined to change the lives of citizens for the better and strengthen the grandness of his country.