Political Speeches Research Articles

선거운동에 관한 내용 중립적 규제의 위헌심사강도 세분화 가능성

Regulation of speech can be categorized into content-based regulation and content-neutral regulation. This classification is widely accepted by both the Constitutional Court of Korea and the U.S. Supreme Court. However, distinguishing between the two types is not always clear in actual legislation. Therefore, a flexible approach is necessary when conducting constitutional review. In particular, regarding content-neutral regulation - even if a certain regulation is deemed to be content-neutral on its face -, it is necessary to consider the legislative purpose and the secondary effects caused by the legislation in order to determine whether the regulation functions as a form of censorship that prohibits expression itself or its content. Prior to such a discussion, it should be determined whether the regulation focuses on restricting actions rather than the expression itself, which may require a relaxed intensity of constitutional review. Based on the above, the Restriction on Use of Loudspeaker Systems clause in Public Official Election Act can be considered as a form of conduct-regulation rather than speech-regulation. The Prohibition of Installing of Facilities and Prohibition of Unlawful Distribution or Posting of Documents and Pictures in Public Official Election Act require alternative measures to minimize the restriction of political speech. The Restriction on Various Assemblies in Public Official Election Act is considered unconstitutional. In this regard, the recent decisions of the Constitutional Court of Korea are considered justifiable.

Power of Implicature in Addressing Covid19 as a Global Pandemic

Since Covid19 is a contagious virus when infected, patients should follow the recommended instructions and precautions, the first was to stay isolated from the community as much as possible. (Public Health Agency of Sweden, 2020. Although social distancing has effectively resulted in slowing the virus’s spread, there are enormous challenges posed to societies to convince the public, especially in democratic countries, to stay-at-home at the essential outbreak (Engle et al. 2020; Fowler et al. 2020; Bilgin 2020; Abouk and Heydari 2020; Hale et al. 2020; Studdert and Hall 2020; Gostin and Hodge 2020). This study investigates the implied meanings in the speeches declaring COVID-19 a global pandemic and shedding light on associated ambiguity and implied meaning.
 To what extent was the hidden meaning in line with the strength and ambiguity of the Covid-19 epidemic? For the pragmatic analysis, which is qualitative and quantitative, the model is: flouting Grice’s maxims (1975) utilizing the off-record strategies of politeness by Brown and Levinson (1978, 1987), and the data understudy were two political speeches which were: The South African President Ramasopha and the Nigerian President Buhari’ speeches addressing Covid19 as a global pandemic. The results reveal the connection between implicature and many other factors that contribute to its existence and which are included in the context.

Japanese Prime Minister Fumio Kishida: Examining his Speech Style through Sociolinguistic Lens

Prime Minister Fumio Kishida has been Japan’s top political leader since October 2021. Following the terrible assassination of Prime Minister Shinzo Abe in July 2022, Kishida strongly condemned the violent act. Yet, the media’s coverage has tended to emphasize the controversial close ties between Abe’s and Kishida’ LDP bloc and the Unification Church. Many Japanese citizens continue to criticize Kishida’s connections with the Church as well as his government’s justification for holding a state funeral for the late prime minister. The present paper examines how Kishida has been dealing with the recent overt criticism of these political and domestic issues. One finding shows that both Kishida’s “speaking” and “listening” skills are deficient. While initially appointed to Japan’s leadership due to his talent for “listening to others” (kiku chikara), Kishida now seems to have diminished, at least in his political speeches, in his communicative abilities to “kiku” (listen) and “hanasu” (speak). This study analyses Kishida’s skills within the theoretical framework of “involvement strategy” and the rapport-talking style in conversation. Kewwords: emotion, involvement, Japanese prime minister, speech style, rapport-talk

Diplomasi Indonesia Sebagai Negara Demokrasi Mayoritas Muslim dalam Merespon Pelanggaran HAM di Myanmar

<p>This research aims to analyze Indonesia's diplomacy as a majority Muslim democratic country in responding to human rights violations in Myanmar. The conflict in Myanmar, particularly concerning the treatment of the Muslim Rohingya minority, has raised international concerns. As a country with the largest Muslim population in the world and a strong democratic tradition, Indonesia plays a crucial role in responding to this situation. The research methodology employed in this study is the analysis of Indonesia's foreign policy towards Myanmar and human rights violations in that country. Data were obtained through document studies, including official government statements, political speeches, and relevant news sources. The research findings indicate that Indonesia has taken several steps in responding to human rights violations in Myanmar. The Indonesian government consistently condemns the acts of violence and human rights abuses occurring in Myanmar, including the treatment of the Rohingya. Indonesia has also utilized international forums, such as the United Nations (UN) and the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC), to advocate for human rights in Myanmar. However, this research also reveals some challenges faced by Indonesia in conducting diplomacy related to Myanmar. The limited influence of Indonesia over the Myanmar government and disagreements among ASEAN member states pose constraints on Indonesia's efforts to respond to human rights violations in its neighboring country. In conclusion, Indonesia's diplomacy as a majority Muslim democratic country in responding to human rights violations in Myanmar has resulted in several constructive steps. However, the challenges encountered indicate that Indonesia's efforts still need improvement.<em></em></p>

Войната в Украйна в ракурса на предизборната кампания за 49-ото обикновено народно събрание

The crisis in political speech in our country (2022 – 2023) was strongly influenced by the military conflict in Ukraine that officially began on February 26, 2022. The war, which has shaken politics at the international level, has exposed the thick red lines between political entities in Bulgaria, deepening the parliamentary crisis that has reached a state of collapse in the past year and a half. And the media – intentionally or not, became a witness and accomplice to what was happening. The relevance of the chosen topic is dictated by the need to analyze the political speech regarding the military conflict in Ukraine during the election campaign for the fifth consecutive early parliamentary elections in Bulgaria (April 2, 2023). In the analysis, the author refers to the messages from the political formations and the position they take on the war, as well as their media coverage. The positions of media experts are presented. Sociological surveys were also examined, which show the attitude of the voters on the question. The goals of the development are to make an attempt to analyze the behavior of the main political subjects in our country regarding the war in Ukraine, the position they take, as well as the messages they send to the voters; to examine the results of each party’s strategy and how far it was able to influence the election result; to offer a prediction about the future development of the parties (possible and impossible partners) in the perspective of their political speech related to the military conflict. The pre-election campaign for the 49th Ordinary National Assembly was marked by the theme of the war in Ukraine and made it necessary for political subjects to clearly define their position on the conflict both to the voters and to their competitors, but also to future potential partners in the attempt to form a cabinet. In the current uncertain domestic political and international situation, the Bulgarian voter demonstrates the need for clearly stated and categorical positions in which to recognize his convictions.

РИТОРИКА ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОГО ПРЕЗИДЕНТА НІМЕЧЧИНИ В КОНТЕКСТІ РОСІЙСЬКО-УКРАЇНСЬКОЇ ВІЙНИ: СТИЛІСТИЧНИЙ ТА ПЕРЕКЛАДАЦЬКИЙ АСПЕКТ

The article describes extralingual factors, functionally-communicative features, stylistic means and ways of their translation in the historic keynote speech of the Federal President Frank-Walter Steinmeier “Strengthening everything that connects us”, delivered by him on October 28, 2022. Information policy concerns all public spheres. It preconditions functioning of the social system. Change of ideas makes provision for a change in political public rhetorics as culturally accepted logic of progression of events. Rhetorics unite people emotionally, creating their identity. Texts carrying the main rhetorics in the course of the war can be called ones of the main constituents of the process of strategic communications. Texts of political speeches of the politicians during the Russian-Ukrainian war are basic factors of creation of rhetorics of this war within the societies addressed by them. The basis of their impact on the audience is the complex of stylistic tonality creation. Stylistic tonality is the text category which embodies the concentration of expressive means used by the author in their speech activity with the purpose of representation of the essence of the subject matter and their personal attitude to it. The stylistic tonality of a text is created based on the functionally-communicative features – invariant features of the texts which are based on its extralingual constituents and are called for simplification of their reveal in the text, which is the task of the addresser. They serve as mediators between the extralinguistics of the text and its linguistic implementation. The main functionally-communicative features of the speech by the Federal President are “evaluativity” and “inventivity”. Stylistic tonality of the text is characterized by the usage of metaphors, epithets, antitheses and an anaphor, as a kind of distant repetition. The most effective translation transformations of Ukrainian translation of the analysed political speech are in-context substitution, word-for-word translation, selection of variant equivalent, substantiation, omission, substitution of one part of speech with a word of another part of speech.

Fitur Bahasa Perempuan pada Gelar Wicara Kiki Saputri: “Roasting itu Mereka yang Minta” dalam Kanal Mata Najwa (Perspektif Robin Lakoff)

The use of woman language has distinctive characteristics that are different from the language used by man both in reality in life and in cyberspace. As for the content of the speech title on Najwa Sihab's Youtube channel, a woman speaker named Kiki Saputri is a representation of woman's language. The research method uses descriptive qualitative. The data such as words, phrases, clauses, and sentences that indicate woman language features. The source of the data comes from impressions that focus on Kiki Saputri's words. Data collection techniques are carried out by reading notes. The intepretative data analysis technique is description of the researcher in the woman language features of Lakoff's perpective. The results showed that a woman guest star named Kiki used seven of ten language features which included lexical hedges founded 5 data, increased intonation 4 data, intensifier 3 data, use of language according to the rules of 3 data, empty adjectives, emphatic stress, and polite speech each founded 1 data.

Analysing the Hate Speech Within the Framework of Political Discourse

The author considers hate speech within the broader context of the right to freedom of expression with specific reference to political speech. The European Court of Human Rights in its jurisprudence takes the stance that the protections for freedom of expression extend to content that might be offensive, shocking, and disturbing to someone. It is also well accepted in comparative case law and doctrine that political speech has a privileged position in terms of legal protection when it comes to the greater degree of criticism. On the other hand, it is extremely important to protect individuals and collectives from exposure to hate speech since it does not achieve the objectives of the right to freedom of expression in any way. However, it is clear at first glance that in a large number of cases, there is an intertwining of hate speech with speech to which the law provides legal protection. Content related to racial, negationism, revisionism, religious, ethnic, etc. issues is a legitimate and integral part of political discourse, while a very small space separates them from slipping into the field of hate speech. Although the historical, cultural, sociological, and psychological context is important for the qualification of certain content as hate speech, the author seeks to analyze the basics of the definition of hate speech through a comparative legal approach (UN and other international and regional organizations) to offer a framework for distinguishing hate speech from other permitted content which would be applicable in general, appreciating all the possible variables that affect the qualification of hate speech.

A Corpus-based Transitivity Analysis of President El-Sisi’s Political Speeches

A Corpus-based Transitivity Analysis of President El-Sisi’s Political Speeches

Rhetoric and Political Power: Analyzing Language and Persuasion in Political Discourse

This abstract presents a research paper that examines the pragmatic influence of rhetorical strategies in political speeches. The paper acknowledges that language manipulation by politicians can result in threats and hate speeches, posing a challenge to peace, unity, and progress. The theoretical framework used is Fairclough's Model and Analytical Framework, and the methodology employed is qualitative research. The data for the study were collected from print media advertisements in Nigerian newspapers during the period of political campaigning for the March 2015 general elections. The data primarily consist of campaign speeches delivered at rallies by politicians from the Peoples' Democratic Party (PDP) and All Progressives Congress (APC). Content analysis is used to analyze the data in line with the research framework. The study emphasizes the contextual nature of rhetoric, highlighting the importance of the speaker-audience relationship within the broader sociopolitical context. The conclusion suggests that rhetorical strategy is a significant aspect of political analysis and can contribute to understanding the operation of political power in society.

PERAN TINDAK TUTUR KESANTUNAN BERBAHASA SISWA DALAM PEMBELAJARAN BAHASA INDONESIA DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE DISKUSI DI KELAS XI SMAN 1 BANTAENG

This study aims to: 1) describe the form of interaction of politeness speech acts in learning Indonesian using the discussion method in class XI IPA 2 at SMAN 1 Bantaeng and 2) describe the role of politeness speech acts in learning Indonesian using the discussion method in class XI IPA 2 in SMAN 1 Bantaeng. This research was conducted in class XI IPA 2 SMAN 1 Bantaeng with a total of 32 students consisting of 18 female students and 14 male students. Data collection techniques used interviews, recording and recording techniques which were analyzed using a qualitative descriptive research type. Using the discussion method in classroom learning with the results of the research showing that the student discussion method is more active and increases politeness in speaking. It can be seen that the results of the data on compliance with the maxims of tact show that there are 21 utterances that are in accordance with the principles of politeness maxims. Each utterance with its respective maxims has the role of speech act such as locutionary, illocutionary and perlocutionary. Researchers found that there were 34 speeches to be analyzed in accordance with the adherence to the principle of politeness.

Terrifying Memory: An Interview with Carey Perloff

Terrifying Memory: An Interview with Carey Perloff

An Appraisal of Political Speeches: Ideological Motivations in the Use of Metaphors

An Appraisal of Political Speeches: Ideological Motivations in the Use of Metaphors

Rhetoric of Redress: Australian Political Speeches and Settler Citizens' Historical Consciousness

ABSTRACT This article traces the convergence of state redress and the educational construction of citizenship from the 1990s onwards in Australia. It examines how successive settler political leaders used the education of a historical consciousness—settler citizens’ relation to past, present and future—as a core strategy to seek resolution to the problematic national past. The article examines key political speeches that sought to mediate the settler nation's past in light of growing international and domestic pressures, including Keating's 1992 Redfern Park speech and Rudd's 2008 Apology to the Stolen Generations, and one of conservative backlash: Howard's 1996 Menzies Lecture. Rudd's subsequent national policy agenda of apology and an Australian Curriculum sought to inaugurate a new era in the settler nation's history. That program was embodied by the figure of the future citizen positioned to reckon with the nation's unjust past, a task inscribed in the inaugural national history curriculum.

Mapping the distribution of euphemisms across taboo themes in Swahili

Euphemisms are vital elements of language, especially in polite speech training, tracing language change and use. Hence, the lack of studies on the distribution of euphemisms in Swahili denied stakeholders knowledge of what Swahili speakers consider sensitive and less sensitive. In this regard, the current study determined the distribution of Swahili euphemisms by taboo themes. The data were collected from 384 Swahili speakers using a questionnaire. The euphemisms were categorised by taboo themes, whereas the ranking was based on the volume of euphemisms per theme. The finding reveals that the theme of “dead body” had the highest concentration of taboo phrases, followed by themes of “burial” and “farting." The least euphemised themes in Swahili are “female sexual organ," "semen," and “orgasm." The hierarchy implies that speakers should trade carefully on topics of dead body, burial, and farting in Swahili communication. Contrarily, relaxation is permitted in conversations around sexual organs, semen and orgasm in the Swahili culture. The findings might be useful to native people who are upbringing their children according to the Swahili culture, diplomats and orienters of foreigners in the Swahili culture.

The Rise of China and Evolving Defense Cooperation between India and Japan

This research paper investigates the evolving defense cooperation between India and Japan in the context of the strategic landscape in the Indo-Pacific region, particularly considering China’s rise. The existing literature recognizes China’s increasing influence as a significant factor in India-Japanese security cooperation, but tends to overlook the dynamics behind India’s shifting stance. The study reveals that India initially hesitated to actively engage in anti-China security cooperation with Japan until the mid-2010s, but later adopted a more proactive partnership. An analysis of policy documents, political speeches, and government records attributes India’s initial reluctance to its commitment to non-alignment and strategic autonomy, its desire to balance relations with both China and Japan, and its domestic political priorities favoring economic development over military expansion or strategic alliances. However, growing concerns over China’s assertiveness, military modernization, a change in political leadership, and the Quad’s development as a regional security platform have prompted India’s attitude shift. The research’s recommendations not only offer a roadmap for India, Japan, and other Indo-Pacific countries with deep economic ties to China, but also help combat China’s military threats to contribute to regional stability and security, address common challenges, and foster a peaceful and prosperous Indo-Pacific region.

FUNCTIONS OF SPEECH ACTS IN AUSTRALIAN MINISTER OF FOREIGN AFFAIRS SPEECH AT UNGA

<p>Sometimes, politicians may use speech acts in their political speeches that the audience may interpret in a variety of ways. Speech acts are used when a speaker expresses words or phrases to achieve specified objectives and it relates to pragmatics in some way. This research aims to find the most dominant and the functions of illocutionary acts found in Australian Minister of Foreign Affairs speech at UNGA. The theory used was from Searle and it was found that there were four illocutionary acts in the speech, namely representative, commissive, directive, and expressive. It was found that representative was the most dominant type of act in the speech. It occurred 54 times to inform and state the current condition and issues of the world. The second was commissive with 23 occurences, followed by directive with 14 occurences, and expressive with 6 occurences. While declarative was not found because there was not any declaration that could change the current condition.<strong></strong></p><p> </p>

EQUIVALENCE IN THE TRANSLATION OF METAPHORS AND IDIOMS IN KING ABDULLAH II'S POLITICAL SPEECHES

Translation is a process of converting the meaning of a certain message from one language to another language.one of the major problems encountered by translators of political speeches is translating figures of speech like metaphors and idioms and finding equivalent meaning for them. This research aims at finding the equivalent translation provided by the Royal Court translators when translating metaphors and idioms from English into Arabic in the political speeches of king Abdullah II of Jordan. In the current study, Nida (1969) theory of equivalence in translation is adapted in order to achieve the objectives of the study. Nida (1969) proposes two types of equivalence in translation, namely formal and functional/dynamic translation. This study deploys descriptive and comparative methods in dealing with the selected examples of the political speeches and discussions papers of king Abdullah II of Jordan which are published in his official website: (http://www.kingabdullah.jo) . The findings of the study revealed that translators of the royal court apply Nida (1969) theory of equivalence in translating both metaphors and idioms in the political speeches of king Abdullah II. namely, Formal and functional equivalence.

THE BACKGROUND OF THE EMERGENCE OF PRAGMALINGUISTICS

The research in the fields of linguistics, psycholinguistics, sociolinguistics, and ethnolinguistics is particularly interested in exploring how language can be used to appeal to various social, psychological, personal, and individual characteristics of individuals. The aim is to develop strategies for influencing speech, detect the impact of text on recipients through psycholinguistic and pragmalinguistic experiments, and diagnose the personalities of authors of reviews and political speeches from the 30-50s of the XX century by qualitatively and quantitatively interpreting fragments of their speech portraits.

Toward a Grounded Theory of Democracy

Abstract If we want to develop a comparative democratic theory, we need a methodology that is open for unusual data, suspends previous knowledge, and develops concepts inductively. We argue that Grounded Theory as a general methodology can be used to systematically develop a comparative democratic theory strictly rooted in empirical data. In this article we first present and discuss concepts of Grounded Theory and then use 17 exemplary speeches of politicians from three centuries and five continents to illustrate how such theory development, including unusual sources, proceeds. Finally, we discuss the results by focusing on promises and perils of applying Grounded Theory as a strategy for developing a comparative democratic theory.