Police Action Research Articles

The system of principles of administrative activity of the national police of Ukraine

The system of principles of administrative activity of the national police of Ukraine

The main elements of the solution to China’s demotic violence

Domestic violence represents a complex and pervasive issue within China, deeply entrenched in historical norms and sociocultural attitudes. Even with legal reforms aimed at criminalizing domestic violence and establishing legal protections for victims, challenges persist due to the societal perception of domestic violence as a family matter. This paper critically examines the main elements necessary for effectively combating domestic violence in China—policy instruments, policy implementation, and lobbying. By dissecting the shortcomings of current measures, the paper argues for the adoption of multidimensional policy tools beyond policing and legal action, such as public awareness campaigns and persuasive strategies designed to shift societal attitudes. The significance of rigorous policy implementation is emphasized, highlighting the need for iterative enforcement and organizational learning to ensure the efficacy of domestic violence policies. Furthermore, the complex role of lobbying within China's political context is explored, demonstrating its impact on policy proposals and reforms. Overall, the paper posits the need for a comprehensive approach, involving a concerted effort from policymakers, law enforcement, and civil society to address the multifaceted challenges of domestic violence in China.

Transplantes de órgãos: abordagens éticas e soluções legais

Abstract This integrative literature review investigates legal aspects and ethical solutions involved in the illegal organ trade, an activity that sparks debates about ethics and morals. Bibliographical search was conducted on the Virtual Health Library, PubMed and SciELO databases. A total of 14 papers were analyzed, which pointed to low supply associated with high demand for organs as the main etiology of the problem. This market takes advantage of vulnerable populations to coerce them into organ donations. Additionally, the lack of connection between international databases and instabilities in countries with high trafficking rates hinders police action to confront this crime. Organ trafficking should be combated by encouraging legal organ donation, confronting “transplant tourism” and actions aimed at the most vulnerable countries. International entities play a fundamental role in ensuring that different nations work together to repress this type of crime.

Optimization of the professional training of policemen: parameters, pedagogical conditions and stages of optimization

The subject of the study is the optimization of the process of professional training of policemen, which will ensure the achievement of levels of preparedness of employees for police activities. The policemen preparedness to act competently, meaningfully and actively in the specific conditions of the operational situation will contribute to his professional self-determination and career growth. The parameters and pedagogical conditions for optimizing the professional training process substantiated in the study contribute to increasing the level of preparedness of a policeman (the level of his initial qualifications) and create conditions for the professional development of a policeman when performing professional functions in solving future official tasks. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that the parameters have been determined and pedagogical conditions have been developed for optimizing the process of professional training of policemen, which are aimed at the professional development of an employee who is ready and able to perform professional service tasks in any position held with his further specialization. Reasonable levels of professional preparedness of policeman can be used to clarify the qualification requirements for this activity, as well as when assigning employees to various positions, to other units or services (departments), during rotations or career moves.

Police activities to prevent mercenary-violent criminal offenses in times of war

Police activities to prevent mercenary-violent criminal offenses in times of war

The use of blockchain technology in law enforcement

This article explores the possibilities of using blockchain technology in police work. Examples of the use of blockchain in various areas of police activity, such as personal data management, control of drug trafficking and other prohibited substances, traffic monitoring and the fight against cybercrime, are considered. The authors note that thanks to the storage of data in the blockchain, it becomes possible to increase the protection of the confidentiality of personal information, ensure transparency and efficiency of police work, as well as prevent fraud and corruption. The conclusion of the article emphasizes that the use of blockchain can improve the work of the police and ensure greater security of citizens. Distributed ledger technology, or blockchain as a service (BaaS) is indeed a relatively new product on the market that allows you to provide blockchain services for corporate clients. This solution allows you to use more reliable and secure methods of data processing and transaction management within the organization. All these economic effects can lead to a reduction in costs and an increase in the efficiency of the police. In general, the use of blockchain technology in the police can have a number of advantages, such as increasing transparency and accountability, reducing data processing time and combating data falsification. However, it is necessary to take into account some risks, such as the possibility of data privacy violations, as well as difficulties in integrating with existing systems and training personnel. In general, the introduction of blockchain technology into the police requires careful analysis and an approach that takes into account all aspects of the use of technology and its impact on the organization.

The essence of police activity in foreign countries in the field of control over the circulation of civilian firearms

The essence of police activity in foreign countries in the field of control over the circulation of civilian firearms

정부기관 청렴도 인식이 경찰신뢰에 미치는 영향과 정부기관 신뢰의 매개효과

Looking at previous studies on factors affecting trust in police in Korea, we can see that most of them are limited to variables related to police activities (fairness, effectiveness, etc.). However, the police is one of the government agencies under the Ministry of Public Administration and Security, and improving police activities or citizens' awareness of police activities alone may not be enough to increase trust in the police. Previous overseas studies have gone further to identify factors influencing trust in the police through comparative studies using country-level variables. The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of citizens' perception of the integrity of government agencies on trust in the police and to verify the mediating effect of trust in government agencies in that influence relationship. Accordingly, the Korea Institute of Public Administration conducted a quantitative statistical analysis based on the results of a survey collected as part of the 2021 “Study on Governance and the Level of Trust in Korean Society.” As a result of the analysis, trust in government agencies was found to have a significant partial mediating effect between the integrity of government agencies and trust in the police. These research results suggest that there is a need to more broadly discuss improving trust in the police in order to elicit police cooperation as an essential element of community police activities, which is the basis of the modern police activity paradigm. Therefore, in follow-up research, related influencing factors should be explored through a review of overseas previous research, and scale development and validation work to apply it domestically should be prioritized.

경찰의 초동대응 체계 개선을 위한 드론 활용 방안 연구

This study explores the necessity and potential of utilizing drone technology in police operations. To address the increasing crime rates and complex safety issues in modern society, the efficient allocation of police resources and swift response are becoming imperative. This research analyzes how drone technology can meet these demands and how AI can enhance the operation of drones from both theoretical and practical perspectives. The use of drones in first response scenarios can reduce arrival times at scenes, enable monitoring over extensive areas, and facilitate accurate situation awareness, thus supporting the police in taking quicker and more effective measures. However, the integration of such technologies necessitates consideration of the legal and ethical issues that may arise, as well as preventive measures against potential technological errors and privacy invasions. The study underscores the need for a legal basis, procedural legitimacy, and safe operational conditions when actively utilizing drones and AI technology in police activities, and presents specific recommendations for this purpose.

경찰의 인권보호 정책에 대한 시민인식

Police organizations have been attempting to change to human rights-friendly police by reorganizing the human rights-related legal system. However, questions still remain as to how much citizens are experiencing such changes and whether they are highly receptive to the police's human rights policy. Therefore, this study attempted to analyze citizens' perceptions of the police's human rights protection policy and what variables affect their perceptions. Specifically, the effect of the experience of human rights violations through the media, police trust, and human rights policy awareness on citizens' perceptions of the police's human rights protection policy was empirically analyzed. To this end, an online survey was conducted on a sample of 800 people proportionally allocated by gender, age, and region. As a result of the analysis, the average of the questions on the relationship between police activities and human rights was all over 3.4. In addition, citizens recognized that the life safety function was most related to human rights protection activities. Citizens highly recognized the necessity of the criminal management system and the victim assessment report. As a result of regression analysis, it was confirmed that the experience of human rights violations through the media, trust in the police, and awareness of the human rights policy had a statistically significant effect on the Citizens' perception of the police's human rights protection policies.

Exploratory Model of Security Perception in the COVID-19 Era

The perception of the police action in the face of Covid-19 was the objective of this work. A cross-sectional, psychometric and correlational study was carried out with a sample of 100 students, considering their participation in the public health system as social servants or professional practitioners through a platform. A four-factor structure was found that explained 63% of the total variance, although the findings are only applicable to the sample, and its extension to other scenarios is recommended.

GIS를 활용한 불법 주정차 핫스팟 분석

Illegal parking inhabits the convenience of transportation, threatens the safety of pedestrians, and worsens the emergency situation by acting as an obstacle. Each local government has made efforts in various ways, such as expanding the no-parking area and operation resident reporting systems for illegal parking, but it is not sufficient to resolve the illegal parking problem, with the many complaints related to the illegal parking in all complaints. Therefore, this study conducted spatial analysis to derive a solution to the illegal parking phenomenon based on the theory of evidence-based policing for crime prevention and interpreted the phenomenon by using Ratcliffe's hotspot matrix.
 Seongnam-si, Gyeonggi-do, ranked first in the number of illegal parking reports by district, and Jung-gu, Daegu-si, ranked first in the reports per area, were selected as study areas. As a result of executing Moran's I analysis, a methodology to ascertain spatial dependency for each area, revealed that both regions exhibited positive spatial dependency, indicating a spatial association with illegal parking incidents.
 Furthermore, Local Moran’s I analysis, a methodology that identifies areas with significant differences from the surrounding areas by setting the analysis scope locally, was conducted to understand the spatial and temporal distribution of hotspots where illegal parking occurs frequently.
 In Seongnam, hotspot areas with high reported volumes appear in large, distributed forms and scattered patterns throughout the city, exhibiting characteristics of spatial clustering and temporal concentration according to Ratcliffe's hotspot matrix. In addition, it was found that the hotspots were often adjacent to the parks, suggesting ways to fundamentally improve parking environment around the parks by activating the sharing of idle parking spaces in surrounding buildings, and encouraging citizens to participate voluntarily through logo-projectors.
 In Jung-gu, Daegu-si, the result presented that most hotspots from a cluster in Dongseong-ro, with a more concentrated temporal concentration, indicating spatial clustering and temporal acuteness based on Ratcliffe's hotspot matrix. Therefore, we propose concentrated patrols around the hotspot area during by time periods to persuade illegal parking vehicles. In particular, benchmarking the current flexible patrol system used by the police and utilizing optimal routes were suggested to ensure efficient patrols. Moreover, using intelligent CCTV was proposed to effectively enforce habitual areas.
 By applying the methods presented in this study, local governments can utilize valuable information for policy decision-making to facilitate efficient evidence-based policing activities and derive fundamental solutions to illegal parking issues.

시·도자치경찰위원회의 발전방안

In terms that our nation needs the decentralization of police authority and the provision of the police security service suitable to regional characteristics, it has been proposed that the overall execution of the autonomous local police system is necessary and that bloated police authority should be efficiently distributed through the adjustment of the investigatory authority and the introduction of the autonomous police system.
 The autonomous police system having gone through overall execution since 2021 is the contemporary task that has been steadily discussed to enhance the democracy of police activities and the directivity of residents for 70 or more years since the restoration of independence. The Moon Jae-in government has made an effort on enacting the autonomous police system around the Self-Governing Decentralization Commission belong to the president by determining the introduction of the wide area local police system. as a national task.
 The legal basis for introducing the local police system was prepared by revising the Police Act through the discussion process to divide police work into national police work and local police work, decentralize the commander and the supervisor by work, and have the municipal and provincial self-governing police committee command and supervise local police work. Henceforth, concerns on the bloatedness of police authority were settled with the secured connectivity of local administration to public security administration to provide the various quality public security services suitable to residential demand and efficiently strengthen the public security capacity of the whole nation.
 This study is concerned with addressing the details of the major bills related to the establishment of National Police Committee with the meeting operation results and the details of the National Public Safety Commission of Japan, analyzing the operation status of municipal and provincial self-governing police committee, and presenting the plan on developing municipal and provincial self-governing police committee accordingly.

시민에 대한 부정적 인식과 경찰활동의 위축

This study examined whether frontline officers' negative perception of citizens affects depolicing. Furthermore, we tried to understand specific mechanism through perceived risk, which explain how negative perception of citizen dampen police activities. In other words, the current study investigated whether the perceived risk plays a mediating role in the relationship between negative perception of citizen and depolicing. Using survey data from 327 frontline officers, this study estimates an ordinary least squares (OLS) regression model with robust standard errors. The results indicated that officers' negative perception of citizen was closely associated with increase in the perceived risk. In addition, officers' negative perception of citizen affected depolicing indirectly through the perceived danger rather than directly affecting the deplicing. The implications and limitations of the current study were discussed based on these results

범죄예방에 있어서 시민참여의 한계

Citizens perceive crime prevention as the task of a criminal justice institution, but the police, one of the criminal justice institutions, has a vacuum in crime prevention and policing activities due to excessive policing duties. Accordingly, the participation of the private sector in crime prevention, that is, a way to activate citizen participation, was actively discussed among criminal and criminal justice and police scholars and practitioners. However, civic participation in crime prevention is currently experiencing many limitations rather than being activated.
 This study intends to examine the limitations by exploring the types and limitations of citizen participation in crime prevention and deriving problems.
 As a result, there is a limit to civic participation. First, there is a lack of publicity for the Citizens Police Academy due to the lack of channels for citizen participation in crime prevention activities. Second, the simplification of the participating organizations or participating personnel of the crime prevention conference. Third, there is a limit to citizens' awareness and participation in reporting crimes. Fourth, it was considered as insufficient support for autonomous crime prevention unit activities. Therefore, future research directions were suggested through consideration of the limitations.

WAR AS A CHALLENGE TO ROAD SAFETY: DAMAGE TO SOCIETY AND THE ECONOMY OF UKRAINE

Purpose of the article. Russia's armed aggression against Ukraine has become a real challenge and threat to Ukrainian society in various aspects of life. The lack of financial resources due to the defensive nature of the economy caused by the war makes it difficult to ensure road safety in Ukraine and to prevent deaths and injuries on the roads. The topical issue of the state of road safety in Ukraine is also related to its European integration course, as road safety is a priority European policy task for EU member states. The aim of this article is to conduct a criminological analysis of the state of road safety in Ukraine during the war, and to determine the damage caused by road traffic injuries and fatalities to the Ukrainian economy and society as a whole, taking into account the war situation. Research conclusion. The assessment of the state of road safety in Ukraine is based on official statistical information from the General Prosecutor's Office and the Department of Patrol Police, and the theoretical conclusions are based on the results of an anonymous survey of Ukrainian drivers on their compliance with traffic rules. The study of the level of road traffic accidents with fatalities and injuries in Ukraine has shown that the state of road safety deteriorated during the war in comparison with the pre-war period. The impact of the war on this condition is diverse and depends on the dislocation of the region in Ukraine and the intensity of combat operations in a given area. It has been established that among the factors significantly influencing the quantitative and qualitative indicators of violations in the field of road safety during the war, the most significant are the destruction of objects of road and transport infrastructure, a decrease in the effectiveness of patrol police activities, the construction of road fortifications, etc. The article also reveals the characteristics of the road safety system in wartime, emphasising the inadmissibility of extrapolating the state of road safety from the pre-war period to wartime, including in the direction of preventing violations in this area.

Foreign experience of implementation of certain forms of public control over police activities and ways of its implementation in Ukraine

In order to develop an effective national model of public control over police activities in general and to clarify the main aspects of interaction between the public and the police, the article analyzes the foreign experience of public control over police activities and highlights the ways of its implementation in Ukraine.
 The systematic basis of the study of forms of public control over police activities in foreign countries and the methods of their implementation is the principle of selectivity, the basis of which is the study of the international experience of politically, economically, and socially successful countries (France, Great Britain, Germany, the USA, Canada, Japan) in in which the public is actively involved in police activities.
 As a result of the study, separate ways of implementing foreign experience in public control of police activities were proposed, in particular, the expediency was determined: to define and normatively establish the grounds, forms and methods of involving citizens in the protection of public order in the new Law of Ukraine «On Public Participation in the Protection of Public Order», which needs development and adoption; to regulate in the Law «On the National Police» one of the forms of public control over police activities - participation of citizens on a voluntary basis in the protection of public order, detection, recording and investigation of the circumstances of commission of offenses and crimes and taking measures to eliminate the causes and conditions of their commission; to develop and adopt state and municipal programs for public participation in public order and security, which should determine effective, not formal grounds, forms and procedures for such activities, including establishing the mechanism of interaction between the police and the public in this area; to create the Association for the Support of Police Activities as a public organization created on a voluntary basis by citizens to participate in the activities of the police, including to improve the provision of police services to the population and public control over police activities.

TYPES OF ANALYTICAL TECHNOLOGIES AND THEIR CLASSIFICATION (THE EXPERIENCE OF THE NATIONAL POLICE OF UKRAINE)

The change in approaches in the activities of the National Police is due to the accumulation of large data sets and the active process of using modern analytical technologies. This process necessitates a change in approaches to police activity. In view of the above, the purpose of this article is to determine the types of analytical technologies and provide their classification based on the experience of the National Police of Ukraine. The basis of the methodological toolkit was general scientific and special methods of cognition, including: historical, comparativist, synthetic, logical-semantic, normative-dogmatic (formal-legal), legal regulation, thanks to which it was possible to consider analytical technologies in the international and national context of the activities of police bodies. The factors that caused the active use of analytical technologies in police activities, as well as the development of a model of police activity guided by analytics, were studied. Scientific works of domestic and foreign scientists who researched the use of modern methods of information processing and analysis in police activities were considered. It was determined that the intensification of the use of analytical technologies in the work of the police will contribute to the transformation of the criminal police activity model from reactive to active, the shift of law enforcement emphasis from the practice of responding to crime-incidents to the activity of detecting latent crimes, their prevention and prevention. The author's specialized computer support, which implements analytical technologies of operational and tactical criminal analysis, is considered. The practical value of the scientific results is that they can be used to determine ways to build a unified information and analytical system of the National Police of Ukraine.

The image of a policeman and the attitude of society towards policemen of different countries

This article analyzes the image of the police and society's attitudes towards law enforcement in different countries. The study includes various aspects such as the prestige of the profession, the image of law enforcement, and guarantees of professional activity for police officers. The authors consider the experiences of some countries, including Ukraine, and highlight the importance of police reform based on a community-oriented approach. The results of this study can be useful for police officers, law enforcement agencies, and governments in ensuring a positive image of the police and improving relations between police officers and the community.
 Special conditions of service, such as a state of emergency, can have both positive and negative impacts on the image of the police and society's attitudes towards them. On the one hand, strengthening loyalty and unity among police officers can enhance their professionalism and effectiveness. On the other hand, a too strong sense of a military atmosphere can lead to the use of violence and human rights violations, which negatively affects the image of the police and citizens' attitudes towards them.
 Furthermore, dedication to their duties and readiness to perform them under any circumstances are crucial components of effective police work. This is where high morale is necessary, which is required for effective police work. The responsibility for the safety and order of the country is entrusted to them, and they must always be ready to act. Therefore, the police should strive to ensure the support and respect of the community, reflect their needs, and perform their duties with a high degree of professionalism and ethics.
 The article compares the image of the police in different countries and examines how police officers act during times of crisis. It analyzes and compares the approaches of different countries to the development of police activity and their impact on the relationship between the police and citizens during a state of emergency in Ukraine.

SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT APPLIED TO CRIMINAL AGRICULTURE: Acase study of cocaine seizures in Brazil.

Transnational criminal organizations such as those that operate in international drug trafficking function as multinationals, which is why it is possible to observe clear fundamentals of business management in their operations. Among them, those observing Supply Chain Management and Operations, common to legal business on a global scale, stand out. In this study, based on observations of 21 (twenty-one) large seizures of cocaine carried out by Brazilian security forces between 2017 and 2023, the application of such concepts is evident. The analyzed sample, select due to its homogeneous profile, contains import standards such as the size of the bales, the packaging technique, the type of textile fiber used in the bale packaging, the sewingpattern of the bales, the means of transport, the dynamics of logistic integration between the different stages of the supply chain. The complexity of the crime in question and the dynamics of supply chain management is a preponderant factor for its efficiency, maintenance of scale and mitigation of costs associated with losses resulting from seizures. It is also crucial for assessing the level of difficulty faced by security forces in combating international drug trafficking: the dependence on defense infrastructure, technology and intelligence is clear for defense, homeland security and police activities to be successful.