Interaction Point Research Articles

SND@LHC: the scattering and neutrino detector at the LHC

SND@LHC is a compact and stand-alone experiment designed to perform measurements with neutrinos produced at the LHC in the pseudo-rapidity region of 7.2 < η < 8.4. The experiment is located 480 m downstream of the ATLAS interaction point, in the TI18 tunnel. The detector is composed of a hybrid system based on an 830 kg target made of tungsten plates, interleaved with emulsion and electronic trackers, also acting as an electromagnetic calorimeter, and followed by a hadronic calorimeter and a muon identification system. The detector is able to distinguish interactions of all three neutrino flavours, which allows probing the physics of heavy flavour production at the LHC in the very forward region. This region is of particular interest for future circular colliders and for very high energy astrophysical neutrino experiments. The detector is also able to search for the scattering of Feebly Interacting Particles. In its first phase, the detector is ready to operate throughout LHC Run 3 and collect a total of 250 fb-1.

Two new helium refrigerators for the LHC accelerator upgrade (HL-LHC) at CERN; From concept and tender to contract

The High Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC) project is aiming to upgrade the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN by increasing its peak luminosity by a factor of five with respect to its nominal value. This upgrade will include the replacement of the final focusing superconducting magnets and additional superconducting radiofrequency crab cavities in the long straight sections of the interaction points 1 and 5 of LHC. The cryogenic heat loads in points 1 and 5 of the LHC accelerator will significantly increase, mainly because of the higher luminosity. Therefore, two new Refrigerators will be required in points 1 and 5, with each an equivalent capacity of 14 kW@4.5 K, including 3.25 kW@1.9 K. This paper presents the functional requirements and conceptual design, the key choices and specific challenges including the civil engineering constraints and the major technical requirements detailed in the Technical Specification documents for the supply from the European industry of two new helium Refrigerators for HL-LHC. A procurement contract based on this specification, was placed in 2022.

Searching for minicharged particles at the energy frontier with the MoEDAL-MAPP experiment at the LHC

The MoEDAL’s Apparatus for Penetrating Particles (MAPP) Experiment is designed to expand the search for new physics at the LHC, significantly extending the physics program of the baseline MoEDAL Experiment. The Phase-1 MAPP detector (MAPP-1) is currently undergoing installation at the LHC’s UA83 gallery adjacent to the LHCb/MoEDAL region at Interaction Point 8 and will begin data-taking in early 2024. The focus of the MAPP experiment is on the quest for new feebly interacting particles — avatars of new physics with extremely small Standard Model couplings, such as minicharged particles (mCPs). In this study, we present the results of a comprehensive analysis of MAPP-1’s sensitivity to mCPs arising in the canonical model involving the kinetic mixing of a massless dark U(1) gauge field with the Standard Model hypercharge gauge field. We focus on several dominant production mechanisms of mCPs at the LHC across the mass-mixing parameter space of interest to MAPP: Drell-Yan pair production, direct decays of heavy quarkonia and light vector mesons, and single Dalitz decays of pseudoscalar mesons. The 95% confidence level background-free sensitivity of MAPP-1 for mCPs produced at the LHC’s Run 3 and the HL-LHC through these mechanisms, along with projected constraints on the minicharged strongly interacting dark matter window, are reported. Our results indicate that MAPP-1 exhibits sensitivity to sizable regions of unconstrained parameter space and can probe effective charges as low as 8 × 10−4e and 6 × 10−4e for Run 3 and the HL-LHC, respectively.

Integration of stakeholder management and risk management methods in projects of housing and communal services providers

The object of research is stakeholder and risk management processes in the projects of housing and communal services providers. In conditions of constant change and uncertainty, such management becomes key to ensuring the success and sustainability of projects in this area. The problem addressed by the study is the development and analysis of an integrated model that combines stakeholder management with risk management, with an emphasis on innovation and performance improvement. The essence of the obtained results is the identification of key points of interaction between stakeholders and risks, as well as the development of complex strategies for their effective management. The model is based on a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis, including structural-logical analysis, SWOT analysis, as well as the use of expert evaluation methods. The results are explained by the need for a deeper integrated approach to stakeholder and risk management, especially in the context of housing and communal services (HCS), where the interaction between these elements directly affects the success of projects. This approach allows not only to identify potential problems at an early stage, but also to respond to them more effectively. The innovativeness of the proposed model lies not only in its comprehensive approach to the analysis and management of stakeholders and risks, but also in the possibility of its scaling and adaptation to various conditions and projects in the field of housing. The application of this model includes the intensive use of modern analytical tools, which contributes to more accurate forecasting of risks and more effective solving of problems related to stakeholders. This, in turn, allows utilities providers to increase the quality and reliability of the services provided, strengthening trust and satisfaction among users. Also, the model provides for the active involvement of stakeholders in the project management process, which ensures greater openness, transparency of actions and the ability to quickly adapt to changing market conditions. The research results can be used in practice in the field of housing and public utilities to optimize project management, increase their efficiency, and reduce risks. This will be especially relevant in cases where an integrated approach to management is needed, considering both the requirements and expectations of stakeholders, as well as potential risks.

Trajectory analysis of circulating tumor cells through contorted deterministic lateral displacement array for unruptured trapping: a simulation study

During the multistage process of cancer spread, fragments of cells branch out from the primitive tumor tissue and scatter throughout the body by blood flow stream or lymph, which are termed as circulating tumor cells (CTCs), regarded as an important biomarker for early cancer diagnosis. Deterministic lateral displacement (DLD) is one of the most efficient passive type particle isolation techniques which functions on asymmetrical laminar flow diversion around the placed microposts forming an array, based on the critical dimeter of the device. In this simulation study, complete trajectory analysis of CTCs and WBCs has been performed using COMSOL Multiphysics software with respect to the angular orientation of sample inlet channel. A simulated model of an asymmetric DLD array-based microfluidic device with latest empirical expression for critical diameter has been presented with optimized sample inlet orientation so as to maintain perfect separation efficiency of CTCs along with arrangement for unruptured trapping of CTCs and WBCs. The approximate CTC isolation efficiency was obtained above 95% for sample inlet inclinations up to 0.5°, and further tilt showed reduction in efficiency. Migration angle of CTC trajectory for the modeled device was obtained around 15° for both the sample inlet orientations leading to least intermingling of CTCs and WBCs. A smaller number of CTC–WBC interaction points was observed for clockwise sample inlet tilt compared to the anticlockwise displacement reducing possibilities of cell rupture. The shear rate around central microposts was found to be higher as well in clockwise sample inlet orientation. This simulation study establishes that sample inlet clockwise tilting of maximum around 0.5°–0.7° leads to better CTC isolation and provides better chances of unruptured trapping of cells at the designated outlets. The results of this study provide an approach toward further optimization of DLD devices' functioning and, thus, could help fabricate better DLD-based microfluidic devices for efficient trapping of CTCs.

Digital marketing automation

Increased competition in an uncertain digital environment requires new approaches to improving marketing and business efficiency. Automation of business processes and marketing ensures management decisions aimed at improving customer experience by collecting, processing, and analyzing a huge amount of objective customer data from various sources and software services. For the company, it saves time and resources by automating routine processes, and, given the improved customer experience and corresponding loyalty of the target audience, it helps to increase the efficiency of marketing investments and improve the effectiveness of digital marketing (DM) and business. The article is aimed at substantiating the structure of a single user profile based on the integration of ESP and other DM software services with a CRM system. The hypothesis is formulated: creating a single user profile based on the integration of ESP and other DM software services with a CRM system by speeding up communication and improving customer experi­ence will increase the efficiency of DM and business in general. The research was conducted using general scientific and special methods: analysis and synthesis, system-structural analy­sis, comparison, systematic, logical generali­zation of results. Considerable attention is paid to email marketing, which remains one of the most popular DM automation tools, as it allows you to smoothly guide the consumer through the sales funnel with a high return on marketing investment. The effectiveness of integrating a CRM system and an ESP is proved, due to the specialization and functional features of the latter in interacting with consumers via email. The technologies, stages and tools of DM automation are systematized. It is proposed to collect all information about a particular consumer in a single user profile. This requires finding a technical solution for each business process and connecting software services into a single digital ecosystem. Collecting information about the company’s customers and their journey at all points of interaction in one place by integrating the services used into a single user profile allows you to make more effective decisions in marketing and business and achieve business goals

Supportive communication between apprentices and supervisors: development of a digital role play game

PurposeThis paper describes the development of a digital role play game (RPG) designed to help construction apprentices to better communicate with their supervisors about issues with the potential to impact on their physical and psychological health and safety.Design/methodology/approachA participatory approach was adopted to utilise the knowledge and insights of the target users to inform the digital RPG development. Apprentices and supervisors were interviewed to identify characteristics of effective supervisor-apprentice communication, which became the RPG’s learning objectives. The scenarios constructed in the RPG were drawn from lived experiences shared by the apprentices in the interviews. During the development process, consultations were conducted with an advisory committee comprising of apprentices and supervisors to improve the realism of the RPG scenarios.FindingsThree scenarios were developed for the RPG. In each scenario, players are asked to make decisions at various interaction points about how the characters should respond to the unfolding and challenging situations. Scripts were developed for the game, which were acted out and motion captured to animate digital MetaHuman characters embedded in a virtual construction site. Two example situations are introduced in this paper to illustrate the development process.Originality/valueTo our knowledge, the RPG introduced is one of the first applications of digital game-based training in the construction industry. The adoption of a participatory design approach ensures that the game content relates to real-world experiences. The digital RPG is highly interactive and engaging in nature and presents a novel approach to developing “soft” skills in construction.

Competitive points in Mandarin-speaking multiparty interaction: Speakership and epistemics

This study explores the use of hand points in competitive epistemic and speakership environments in Mandarin-speaking conversation. It examines incoming speakers’ points at a current speaker. This study employs multimodal conversation-analytic methods to analyse 334 min of triadic interaction. 40 points directed at a current speaker by an incoming speaker are the focus of analysis. This study finds that these points indicate an upcoming bid for the floor, thereby carrying out self-selection for speakership. In addition, the turn introduced by the incoming speaker's point suggests that they know at least as much as the current speaker about the issue at hand, and can implicate epistemic and speakership competition. As such, these points foreshadow delivery of a weakly aligning turn or a disaligning turn, and may accomplish either affiliation or disaffiliation. This study generates new knowledge about the interactional functions of points in multiparty conversation, and suggests potential phenomena for cross-linguistic comparison.

Dynamical and statistical features of soliton interactions in the focusing Gardner equation.

In this paper, the dynamical properties of soliton interactions in the focusing Gardner equation are analyzed by the conventional two-soliton solution and its degenerate cases. Using the asymptotic expressions of interacting solitons, it is shown that the soliton polarities depend on the signs of phase parameters, and that the degenerate solitons in the mixed and rational forms have variable velocities with the time dependence of attenuation. By means of extreme value analysis, the interaction points in different interaction scenarios are presented with exact determination of positions and occurrence times of high transient waves generated in the bipolar soliton interactions. Next, with all types of two-soliton interaction scenarios considered, the interactions of two solitons with different polarities are quantitatively shown to have a greater contribution to the skewness and kurtosis than those with the same polarity. Specifically, the ratios of spectral parameters (or soliton amplitudes) are determined when the bipolar soliton interactions have the strongest effects on the skewness and kurtosis. In addition, numerical simulations are conducted to examine the properties of multi-soliton interactions and their influence on higher statistical moments, especially confirming the emergence of the soliton interactions described by the mixed and rational solutions in a denser soliton ensemble.

What parents know: Informing a wider landscape of support for trans and gender diverse children and adolescents

The childhood and adolescence of transgender and gender diverse children and young people (trans children) is contested in many areas, such as media, education, health, and increasingly in the political sphere. Parents and carers of trans children navigate services and societal relations in their journey to affirm their children, from happy childhood to trans adults. This paper reports on the accounts of parents of trans children in Australia. Semi-structured interviews with 18 parents of 15 trans children in four states were analysed to understand the journey holistically, and interactions with services and institutions on this journey. Children ranged in current age from 8 to 21 years, and were 2 to 16 years when they first expressed their trans identity. These journeys highlight moments of gender euphoria, and points of both positive and negative interactions with a range of services such as GPs, specialist healthcare, trans healthcare, schools, foster care, government records, and sporting environments. This research demonstrates that parents have a collective body of knowledge on supporting and affirming trans children that should be drawn on to inform child and youth services.

PARADIGMS OF RESEARCH IN HYBRID ARTISTIC PRACTICES

The context in which artistic practices are developed today requires a constant preoccupation with the challenges and commitments of artistic research, an intrinsic condition of these endeavors. Artistic research supports many points of coincidence, interaction, or overlap with the principles of scientific research, although they are characterized by a series of specific parameters. Due to the particularities of artistic research, art that questions topics of global interest (as happens in the case of sustainability, ecology or technology) is the art of our time, and the communication of these positions presupposes the development of ideas through research. The present text establishes a series of parameters related to engagement in artistic research, approached through the prism of representative contemporary artistic practices.

Topological detection of phenomenological bifurcations with unreliable kernel density estimates

Phenomenological (P-type) bifurcations are qualitative changes in stochastic dynamical systems whereby the stationary probability density function (PDF) changes its topology. The current state of the art for detecting these bifurcations requires reliable kernel density estimates computed from an ensemble of system realizations. However, in several real world signals such as Big Data, only a single system realization is available—making it impossible to estimate a reliable kernel density. This study presents an approach for detecting P-type bifurcations using unreliable density estimates. The approach creates an ensemble of objects from Topological Data Analysis (TDA) called persistence diagrams from the system’s sole realization and statistically analyzes the resulting set. We compare several methods for replicating the original persistence diagram including Gibbs point process modelling, Pairwise Interaction Point Modelling, and subsampling. We show that for the purpose of predicting a bifurcation, the simple method of subsampling exceeds the other two methods of point process modelling in performance.

Power Point Learning Media on Students' Interest in Learning in Social Sciences Subjects at SD Inpres Paranga District. Ulu Ere District. Bantaeng

The main problem in this research is whether there is an effect of using interactive PowerPoint learning media on fourth grade students' interest in learning in social studies subjects at SD Inpres Parang, Ulu Ere District, Bantaeng Regency. Meanwhile, the aim of the research carried out was to determine the effect of using interactive power point learning media on fourth grade students' interest in learning in social studies subjects at SD Inpres Paranga District. Ulu Ere District. Bantaeng. This type of research is pre-experimental research with a quantitative approach. The sample in this research was fourth grade students at SD Inpres Paranga, Ulu Ere District, Bantaeng Regency. The results of the research show that there is an influence of the use of interactive power point media on the learning interest of fourth grade students at SD Paranga Presidential Instruction, District. Ulu Ere Bantaeng Regency. The design used in this experimental research is one group pretest-posttest design. This can be seen from the comparison between the pre-test and post-test scores. The average pre-test score obtained was 55.47. The average score was in the 55-64 interval which was included in the medium category. However. The average posttest value obtained was 81.94 which was in the 65-84 interval, which means it was in the high category. The research results were obtained by researchers using at distribution table with a significance level of a = 0.05 and d. b = N-1 =17-1=16 then we get t0.05 = 1.024. After obtaining t Count = 10.45 and t Table = 1.024, we get t Count &gt; t Table or 10.45 &gt; 1.024 so it can be concluded that the use of Interactive Power Point Media has an effect on the learning interest of class IV students at SD Inpres Paranga District. Ulu Ure District. Bantaeng. So it can be concluded that H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. This means that there is a significant difference in the influence of the use of interactive power point media on interest in learning social studies among fourth grade students at SD Inpres Paranga District. Ulu Ere District. Bantaeng.

Biometric door lock system with automated fire detection alert

The reconciliation of biometric advancements and fire recognition components in shrewd homes is critical for access control and crisis readiness. The Blynk mobile app is used to access this project's biometric door lock and automated fire detection system. For access authorization, the biometric system uses cutting-edge fingerprint or facial recognition technology. The mechanized fire location framework screens the climate for potential fire dangers and triggers an alert when distinguished. The Blynk application gives controller and checking abilities, permitting inhabitants to lock or open the entryway, get ongoing warnings, and remotely screen the fire discovery framework's status. The microcontroller coordinates communications between the frameworks, outfitted with Wi-Fi availability. The Blynk application point of interaction is planned with easy-to-understand gadgets, permitting inhabitants to control and screen the coordinated frameworks. Safety efforts, for example, encoded correspondence conventions and secure stockpiling of biometric information, shield client protection. This all-encompassing approach to residential security ensures that their homes can effectively handle access control and emergencies, providing residents with security and peace of mind.

Features of “Fishtail” Shock Interaction in Transonic Flows on a NACA0012 Profile

Slender profiles flying at nearly sonic speed exhibit a peculiar shock pattern, which is commonly referred to in literature as the “fishtail” shock structure. It consists of two oblique shock waves that originate at the trailing edge of the airfoil and interact with a detached, nearly normal shock wave in two triple points located along the oblique shocks. Making use of both shock-fitting and shock-capturing CFD simulations and classical shock polar analysis, we prove that, in the case of a NACA0012 airfoil, the two interaction points cannot be modeled using the three shocks theory that von Neumann developed nearly a century ago to describe triple points arising in Mach reflections. Our analysis suggests that the four-wave interaction model proposed by Guderley should be used instead.

A cluster analysis-based shock wave pattern recognition method for two-dimensional inviscid compressible flows

Compressible flows typically exhibit multiple shock waves which interact with each other, making the detection of these shock waves crucial for various aspects of flow studies including construction of high-order numerical schemes (e.g., shock-fitting), adaptive grid refinement, and flow visualization. This study aims to effectively identify and localize multiple shock waves and their interaction points in two-dimensional inviscid steady and unsteady flows. A novel shock wave pattern recognition method based on cluster analysis is proposed, including three processes. First, a series of grid-cells located at the transition zones of captured shock waves are extracted using a shock wave detection approach based on local flow variation. Subsequently, these grid-cells are grouped into numerous clusters using the classical K-means clustering algorithm, with categorization based on nearest neighbor features. Finally, a strategy is introduced to merge relevant adjacent clusters and further localize the points where shock waves interact. The Bézier curve fitting technique is then employed to obtain the high-quality shock-lines. Several numerical cases demonstrate that this method achieves high localization accuracy for shock-lines while being minimally affected by grid type and scale variations. Moreover, it enables clear and effective identification of the shock interaction patterns in both steady and unsteady flows, providing an effective visualization means for analyzing the motion and evolution of shock wave configurations.

Extensive optical and DFT studies on novel AIE active fluorescent sensor for Colorimetric and fluorometric detection of nitrobenzene in Solid, solution and vapor phase

An electron rich isophthalamide based sensor IPA has been synthesized through a simple two-step reaction, containing noteworthy aggregation induced emission (AIE) properties. Considering the significant emission with λmax at 438 nm, sensor IPA has been employed for the sensing of nitrobenzene (NB) in solid, solution and vapor state with high sensitivity and selectivity. Sensor IPA showed noteworthy colorimetric and fluorometric quenching in fluorescence emission when exposed to NB. Small size of NB and involvement of photoinduced electron transfer (PET) lead to detection of NB down to 60 nM. IPA-NB interaction was studied through UV–Vis. spectroscopic studies along with fluorescence spectroscopy. Moreover, 1H and 13C NMR titration experiments provided additional support for determination of interaction type. Furthermore, by using density functional theory (DFT) calculations, thermodynamic stability was studied. Additionally, non-covalent interactions (NCI), frontier molecular orbitals (FMO), density of states (DOS), were investigated for providing further evidence of nitrobenzene sensing and its interaction with sensor. Natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was carried out for charge transfer studies. Quantum theory of atom in molecule (QTAIM) and SAPT0 studies provided information about interaction points and binding energy. Additionally, IPA was investigated for NB sensing in real water samples, and its effective participation in solid state on-site detection as well as in solution phase was brought to light along with logic gate construction.

ON THE UNIQUENESS OF INVERSE PROBLEMS FOR ”WEIGHTED” STURM-LIOUVILLE OPERATOR WITH DELTA INTERACTION

We establish various uniqueness result of inverse problems for ”weighted” Sturm-Liouville operator with interaction point.

Effects of body shape on hydrodynamic interactions in a dense diamond fish school

To examine the effect that body shape plays in the interactions between fish in a dense fish school, fish-like undulating foils are numerically studied in a high-density diamond school. Shape parameters of leading edge radius, boattail angle, and maximum thickness location along the body are independently varied to control the body shape. A traveling wave is prescribed to the body, and the flow around the school is solved using an immersed boundary method-based incompressible Navier–Stokes flow solver. Our findings indicate that body shape does play a significant role in the performance of the school and varies school efficiency and thrust productions by as much as 7% and 40%, respectively, and changes the efficiency in individual swimmers within the school by up to 25%. The leading edge radius drives the scale of the anterior body suction experienced throughout the school. A rounder leading edge generates more suction but consequently consumes more power. Changes to the location of the maximum thickness along the foil significantly impact the wall effect in the school by changing the shape of the “wall.” A maximum thickness that occurs at or in front of the closest point of interaction between the body and tail is favored. Finally, changes to the boattail angle manipulate the shape of the active channels in the school altering vortex–body interactions and the wall effect. A large boattail angle leads to a pinching that prohibits significant flow in the channels, reducing performance.

An Investigation of DRM Procedures and Best Strategies Carried Out to Safeguard Sound Documents in on the Web

Abstract: The study of data security has turned into a worry of numerous specialists, whose endeavors are attempting to concoct arrangements and innovations that guarantee the exchange of data in a safer way through the organization, particularly the Web, with practically no entrance of that data. Because of the significance of computerized information sent between the two gatherings through an unreliable channel. Subsequently, there are numerous advances and techniques that are as of now utilized in data security. This paper subtleties the examination into utilizing sound sign handling strategies to give confirmation and ID administrations to the motivation of upgrading digital protection in voice applications. Sound is a developing space for network protection innovation. It is visualized that throughout the following 10 years, the essential point of interaction for giving orders to customer web empowered gadgets will be voice. Progressively, gadgets like work stations, savvy speakers, vehicles, television's, telephones and Web of Things (IOT) gadgets all have underlying voice collaborators and voice enacted highlights. This exploration frames a way to deal with safely distinguish and verify clients of sound and voice worked frameworks.