Pleurotus Ostreatus Extract Research Articles

Phytochemical Constituents of Pleurotus ostreatus

The chromatographic separation of the dichloromethane extract of Pleurotus ostreatus, fatty acid derivatives like trans-4-acetoxy-5-hydroxy-5-pentadecanoyl-2-cyclopenten-1-one and trans-4-acetoxy-5-hydroxy-5-(1-acetoxypentadecyl)-2-cyclopenten-1-one were isolated. The structures of these compounds have been determined by 1H, 13C, DEPT-135 NMR and GC-MS spectral data.

The Phytochemical Screening, Total Phenolic Contents and Antioxidant Activities in Vitro of White Oyster Mushroom (Pleurotus Ostreatus) Preparations.

BACKGROUND:The popular commercially cultivated Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom contains very high nutrients and bioactive compounds with high antioxidant activity. The ethanolic extract seems to be the most active in preparation.AIM:This study has an aim to compare the phytochemical analysis of a fresh, dry and ethanolic extract of Pleurotus ostreatus, to measure the total phenolic content and antioxidant activities in vitro of ethanolic extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus.METHODS:The fresh plant’s materials (FPM), dry plants materials (DPM), ethanolic extracts were macerated with 70% (EE70) and 96% ethanol (EE96) of Pleurotus ostreatus which were used for phytochemical analysis, and EE96 was used for antioxidant activity in vitro. The phytochemical analysis was conducted using the Dragendorf and Meyer, FeCl3 test, Salkowsky method, Lieberman method, amyl alcohol, foam test and the NaOH reagent. The total phenol test was carried out using the Follin-Ciocalteu method. The antioxidant activity was tested using the ABTS and H2O2 essay.RESULTS:The phytochemical screening showed that the flavonoid, phenolic compounds, tannin, saponin, alkaloids, and steroids were detected in the FPM, DPM, EE70 and also the EE96. The alkaloid, however, was not identified by the Meyer Reagent in the FPM and DPM. The DPM and EE70 seemed to have the highest amount of saponin based on the foam that was formed. Meanwhile, steroids and flavonoids were detected at a higher level in the EE96, based on the strength of visible colour. However, triterpenoid and quinones could not be identified. In the total phenol test, there was an amount of 6.67 μg phenol in a 1 mg extract sample which was equivalent to 1 mg of Gallic Acid. The EE96 has an IC50 of 108.07 μg/mL for ABTS and an IC50 reduction of 229.17 μg/mL. The process of Pleurotus ostreatus drying did not reduce the content of active substances. The polar active substances seem to be more soluble in the EE70 than the EE96.CONCLUSION:The higher the bioactive substances in the preparation, the more significant the bio-therapeutic effects. Ethanolic extract of Pleurotus ostreatus has a phenol content and a good antioxidant action.

An edible fungi Pleurotus ostreatus inhibits adipogenesis via suppressing expression of PPAR γ and C/EBP α in 3T3-L1 cells: In vitro validation of gene knock out of RNAs in PPAR γ using CRISPR spcas9

ObjectiveObesity is now well recognized as a disorder, one that is essentially preventable through changes in lifestyle. Obesity is also a main concern associated with expanded morbidity and mortality from many noncommunicable illnesses (NCDs). The study aimed to determine the antiobesity effect of Pleurotus ostreatus (PO) and its bioactive anthraquinone (AQ). The overall promoter genes CEBPα (CCAAT enhancer binding protein α) and PPARγ (Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ) in controlling the homeostasis of glucose was analysed using 3T3-L1 cell line. Finally, an insilico study was carried out using CRISPR software to identify the RNA’s involved in adipogenesis especially of the control gene PPARγ. Materials and methodsPreliminary screening of the edible fungi and their bio actives led to the marvellous discovery of side effect free agonists for treating obesity (adipogenesis). An edible fungi Pleurotus ostreatus (PO) were analysed in a screening platform with different series of tests for adipocyte differentiation, triglyceride analysis, lipolysis determination, glucose uptake assay, cytotoxicity assay and lipase activity followed by specific gene expression analysis. The gene knockout mechanism was also elucidated by CRISPR spcas 9 tool. ResultsThe antiadipogenic (antiobesity) activity of DMSO extract of PO were found to stimulate the insulin dependent uptake of glucose. The extract also decreased the levels of triglycerides and glycerol accumulation in differentiated adipocyte cells. The binding FABP4 (Fatty acid binding protein) and transport protein FATP1 (Fatty acid transport protein) along with the fat breaking LPL (lipoprotein lipase) was found to be inhibited after the PO treatment at varying concentration (0–300 μg/ml). CRISPR spcas9 genome editing software was used as an insilico approach in validating the efficiency of mouse embryonic and human adipogenic cell line (3T3-L1). These tool analysed and found 4 RNAs gene knock out possibilities in PPARγ and their efficiency for further treating obesity. ConclusionThese novel finding contribute to the confirmation that edible fungi PO and it’s bioactive AQ is an adequate supplement for constraining the lipid and triglycerides in differentiated mature adipocytes by reversing the fat deposition. Thereby, forbidding the enzymes linked with fat absorption. Besides, the CRISPR tool identified gene knock out possibilities of control gene PPARγ, will pave a way in further research for treating obesity.

Phytochemical screening of white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus)

Event Abstract Back to Event Phytochemical screening of white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) preparations Santun B. Rahimah1, 2*, Dhiah D. Djunaedi2, Arto Y. Soeroto2 and Tatang Bisri2 1 Bandung Islamic University, Indonesia 2 Padjadjaran University, Indonesia Background Pleurotus ostreatus is a popular commercial mushroom that contains very high nutrients and bioactive compounds with therapeutic effects. The ethanolic extractions seem to be the most active preparation. This study aimed to compare the phytochemical analysis of fresh, dry and ethanolic extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus. Methods The fresh (FPM), dry (DPM) and ethanolic extracts [macerated with 70% (EE70) and 96% ethanol (EE96)] of Pleurotus ostreatus were used in the study. The phytochemical analysis was conducted using the Dragendorf and Mayer reagents for alkaloids, FeCl3 and gelatin tests for polyphenolic and tannins, the Sawkosky and Lieberman methods for steroids and triterpenoid, an ammonium and Shinoda tests for flavonoids, foam test for saponin and NaOH reagent was used for the Quinone. Results The phytochemical screening showed that flavonoid, phenolic compounds, tannin, saponin, alkaloids, and steroids were detected in the FPM, DPM, EE70 and also in the EE96. Alkaloid however, was not identified by the Mayer Reagent in the FPM and DPM. The DPM and EE70 seemed to have the highest amount of saponin based on the foam output. Meanwhile, steroids and flavonoids were detected at a higher level in the EE96, based on the strength of visible color. However, triterpenoids and quinones could not be identified. Conclusion The process of drying Pleurotus ostreatus did not reduce the content of active substances. The slight differences in the phytochemical screening obtained in all samples may be due to the influence of water content and polarity of the active substances. The polar active substances seem to be more soluble in the EE70 than the EE96. The higher the bioactive substances in the preparation, the bio-therapeutic effects become more significant. Acknowledgements Thank the Lembaga Pengelola Dana Pendidikan (LPDP) and the Bandung Islamic University’s Medical Faculty and Padjadjaran University in Bandung for helping in the research process. Keywords: Pleurotus ostreatus (jacq.) p. kumm, phytochemical, dry plants material, fresh plants material, Ethanolic extract Conference: International Conference on Drug Discovery and Translational Medicine 2018 (ICDDTM '18) “Seizing Opportunities and Addressing Challenges of Precision Medicine”, Putrajaya, Malaysia, 3 Dec - 5 Feb, 2019. Presentation Type: Oral Presentation Topic: Miscellaneous Citation: Rahimah SB, Djunaedi DD, Soeroto AY and Bisri T (2019). Phytochemical screening of white oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) preparations. Front. Pharmacol. Conference Abstract: International Conference on Drug Discovery and Translational Medicine 2018 (ICDDTM '18) “Seizing Opportunities and Addressing Challenges of Precision Medicine”. doi: 10.3389/conf.fphar.2018.63.00014 Copyright: The abstracts in this collection have not been subject to any Frontiers peer review or checks, and are not endorsed by Frontiers. They are made available through the Frontiers publishing platform as a service to conference organizers and presenters. The copyright in the individual abstracts is owned by the author of each abstract or his/her employer unless otherwise stated. Each abstract, as well as the collection of abstracts, are published under a Creative Commons CC-BY 4.0 (attribution) licence (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) and may thus be reproduced, translated, adapted and be the subject of derivative works provided the authors and Frontiers are attributed. For Frontiers’ terms and conditions please see https://www.frontiersin.org/legal/terms-and-conditions. Received: 05 Nov 2018; Published Online: 17 Jan 2019. * Correspondence: Mrs. Santun B Rahimah, Bandung Islamic University, Bandung, Indonesia, santunbr94@gmail.com Login Required This action requires you to be registered with Frontiers and logged in. To register or login click here. Abstract Info Abstract The Authors in Frontiers Santun B Rahimah Dhiah D Djunaedi Arto Y Soeroto Tatang Bisri Google Santun B Rahimah Dhiah D Djunaedi Arto Y Soeroto Tatang Bisri Google Scholar Santun B Rahimah Dhiah D Djunaedi Arto Y Soeroto Tatang Bisri PubMed Santun B Rahimah Dhiah D Djunaedi Arto Y Soeroto Tatang Bisri Related Article in Frontiers Google Scholar PubMed Abstract Close Back to top Javascript is disabled. Please enable Javascript in your browser settings in order to see all the content on this page.

Anti-invasive and antiproliferative effects of Pleurotus ostreatus extract on acute leukemia cell lines.

Currently, mushrooms have been used in traditional and folk medicines for their therapeutic activities, such as antibiotic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antileukemic and immunomodulatory actions. This investigation evaluates the anti-invasive, antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of Pleurotus ostreatus (Pleurotaceae) on leukemia cell lines. The proliferation of KG-1 cells was measured by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay after treatment with gradient dilutions of P. ostreatus extract. Then, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract was determined. Moreover, the proliferation of Jurkat cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), a cancerous cell line and normal body cells, respectively, was considered. The apoptotic morphology of treated KG-1 cells was evaluated with Giemsa staining. The invasion and migration of cells were evaluated using transwell invasion assay. Thereafter, the rates of apoptosis and necrosis were measured by using flow cytometry, and BAX and MMP-9 gene expression were evaluated using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction as apoptotic and metastatic genes, respectively. The MIC of the extract was determined to be 1 mg/mL after 48 h. According to the results, the extract decreased the proliferation of leukemia cell lines (KG-1 and Jurkat cells) but had no antiproliferative effects on BMSCs. Moreover, KG-1 cell migration and MMP-9 gene expression decreased after the treatment, and the rate of apoptosis and BAX gene expression increased significantly. According to the efficient therapeutic properties of P. ostreatus on leukemia cell lines, this mushroom could be introduced as a natural medicine to cure leukemic patients who suffer from the harmful side effects and enormous costs of chemotherapy.

Effectiveness of Pleurotus ostreatus Extract Through Cytotoxic Test and Apoptosis Mechanism of Cervical Cancer Cells

<p><em>Pleurotus ostreatus</em> is a common mushroom cultivated in Indonesia, and potential properties of bioactive compounds for medicinal mushroom. This study was aimed at obtaining <em>P.ostreatus</em> extract bioactive compounds potential in inhibiting the proliferation of cervical cancer cells (HeLa) and evaluating the HeLa cell proliferation kinetics and HeLa cell death mechanisms. The research was beneficial in making this product can be easily applied in a more controlled industrial scale. Anticancer activity test through a cytotoxic test using the MTT [3- (4,5-dimetiltiazol-2-yl) -2.5-diphenyl tertrazolium bromide], the kinetics proliferation of HeLa cells and HeLa cell death mechanism was performed. Linear regression analysis was used to analyze the data. Ethyl acetate extract of <em>P.</em> <em>ostreatus</em> isolated from Madiun showed the best results with IC <sub>50</sub> = 107.59 µg / ml. HeLa cell proliferation kinetics analysis showed that the application of bioactive compounds 100 µg / ml resulted in an increase of in death of HeLa cells along with length of incubation time. An important finding was that HeLa cells death by apoptosis was greater than by necrosis. In conclusion, the extracts of <em>P.</em> <em>ostreatus</em> has the potential to inhibit the growth of HeLa cells.</p><p> </p>

Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Pleurotus ostreatus extract with Their Electrochemical Activity of Detection of Carbendazim in vegetable

Biosynthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using Pleurotus ostreatus extract with Their Electrochemical Activity of Detection of Carbendazim in vegetable

Influence of pH, Temperature and Various Heavy Metals on β-galactosidase Activity in the Crude Extract of Pleurotus ostreatus

The aim of this study was to determine the activity of β-galactosidase in the crude extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus in the presence and absence of various heavy metals. β-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.23), is a hydrolase enzyme which helps in the hydrolysis of lactose into monosaccharides. Characterization of β-galactosidase from Pleurotus ostreatus was achieved using the substrate 2-nitrophenyl β-D-galactopyranoside (ONPG). The pH and temperature profiles of β-galactosidase showed maximum activity at pH 3.0 and at 50°C, respectively. The Vmax and Km values of β-galactosidase using ONPG as a substrate was found to be 0.571 μmol/min and 0.307 mM, respectively. These results revealed that the β-galactosidase activity in the crude extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus was changed in the presence of different heavy metals. The results indicated that Hg2+ and Mo2+ have an uncompetitive inhibition on the β- galactosidase activity in the extract of Pleurotus ostreatus by decreasing both Km and Vmax values. while Al3+, Cu2+, Cr3+, Zn2+ and Ni2+ showed mixed inhibition activity by decreasing Vmax values and by increasing Km values. However, Pb2+ was found to act as a non-competitive inhibition by decreasing Vmax value. The findings suggested that crude extract of Pleurotus ostreatus can be used as a source of β-galactosidase for medical and industrial purposes.

In-vitro antimicrobial activity of ethyl acetate extract of two common edible mushrooms

Ethyl acetate extracts of the reishi (Ganoderma lucidum) and oyster (Pleurotus ostreatus) mushrooms were tested for their in vitro growth inhibitory activity against a panel of microorganisms of reference strains. Antimicrobial effects of both mushrooms were monitored in the dose of 400 micro gm /disc by disc diffusion method using five Gram-positive bacteria, five Gram-negative bacteria and three fungi as well. Present study showed that ethyl acetate extract of Pleurotus ostreatus has moderate and Ganoderma lucidum has only mild antibacterial effect in comparison with standard Kanamycin (30 gm. /disc). However, both mushrooms had no antifungal activity on the experimental fungi compared with standard drug Nystatin at the dose of 30 gm. /disc.

The contribution of phenolic acids to the anti-inflammatory activity of mushrooms: Screening in phenolic extracts, individual parent molecules and synthesized glucuronated and methylated derivatives

In the present study, the ethanolic extracts of fourteen edible mushrooms were investigated for their anti-inflammatory potential in LPS (lipopolysaccharide) activated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Furthermore the extracts were chemically characterized in terms of phenolic acids and related compounds. The identified molecules (p-hydroxybenzoic, p-coumaric and cinnamic acids) and their glucuronated and methylated derivatives obtained by chemical synthesis were also evaluated for the same bioactivity, in order to establish structure–activity relationships and to comprehend the effects of in vivo metabolism reactions in the activity of the compounds. The extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus, Macrolepiota procera, Boletus impolitus and Agaricus bisporus revealed the strongest anti-inflammatory potential (EC50 values 96±1 to 190±6μg/mL), and also the highest concentration of cinnamic acid (656 to 156μg/g), which was also the individual compound with the highest anti-inflammatory activity. The derivatives of p-coumaric acid revealed the strongest properties, specially the derivative methylated in the carboxylic group (CoA-M1) that exhibited similar activity to the one showed by dexamethasone used as anti-inflammatory standard; by contrast, the derivatives of p-hydroxybenzoic revealed the lowest inhibition of NO production. All in all, whereas the conjugation reactions change the chemical structure of phenolic acids and may increase or decrease their activity, the glucuronated and methylated derivatives of the studied compounds are still displaying anti-inflammatory activity.

Formulation and Evaluation of Herbal Fairness Cream Comprising Hydroalcoholic Extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus, Glycyrrhiza glabra and Camellia sinensis

The present study was carried out to prepare and evaluate the herbal fairness cream comprising extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus, Glycyrrhiza glabra and Camellia sinensis. The various types of formulations oil in water (O/W) base namely F1 to F6 were formulated by incorporating different concentrations Stearic acid and Cetyl alcohol. The pH, viscosity, spreadibilty, and stability of prepared base were investigated. The base F3 was found appropriate for the preparation of cream. The extracts of varying ratio of Pleurotus ostreatus, Glycyrrhiza glabra and Camellia sinensis were incorporated in base F3 for the preparation of three herbal fairness cream (HF1, HF2 and HF3). All the three herbal cream demonstrated good spreadibilty, good consistency, homogeneity, appearance, pH, ease of removal and no evidence of phase separation. All the prepared herbal cream was found to be safe for skin.

느타리버섯 물 추출물의 항산화 및 항암 활성 효과

Abstract Mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus) have been used as traditional remedies as well as food sources. This study particularly used an extract of Pleurotus ostreatus among many other mushrooms for research to figure out the antioxidant activity and an effect of cytotoxin. The result of antioxidative effect was significantly increased at the high concentration. The otal contents of polyphenol and flavonoid were 30.2±0.7 and 20.4±0.6 respectively. Both reducing power and DPPH radical scavenging activities are highest at 5.0 mg/mL of concentration. According to the research about cytotoxin of normal cell, an extract of Pleurotus ostreatus showed no existence of toxicity based on 80.5% of viability. Meanwhile, Pleurotus ostreatus is not strongly effective on the growth of cancer cell, indicating anti-cancer effect has a quite high range of viability up to 70.0±5.3% in 5 mg/mL of concentration.Key words: Pleurotus ostreatus, antioxidant activity, cytotoxin, anti-cancer Corresponding author: Hye-Sook Ryu, Dept. of Food and Nutrition, Sangji University, Wonju 220-702, Korea. Tel: +82-33- 738-7641, Fax: +82-33-730-0186, E-mail: rhs7420@hanmail.net

Medicinal Mushroom Extracts Possess Differential Antioxidant Activity and Cytotoxicity to Cancer Cells

Many species of edible mushrooms are known to contain a wide array of compounds with high nutritional and medicinal values. However, these values vary widely among mushroom species because of the wide diversity of compounds with different solubilities to solvents used in extraction. We report here the comparison of antioxidant activity and cytotoxicity against cancer cells in extracts of Pleurotus ostreatus, P. sajor-caju, Agaricus campestris, and A. bisporus from 7 different solvents, including water, ethanol, ethyl acetate, acetone, chloroform, hexane, and petroleum ether. The extracts were analyzed for their antioxidant activities using the % DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazylhydrate) scavenging activity method. Our results revealed that the water extracts exhibited the highest % DPPH scavenging activity in comparison to all other solvent extracts. The highest value was obtained from the water extract of P. sajor-caju (78.1%), and the lowest one was from the hexane extract of A. bisporus (0.8%). In general, extracts from nonpolar solvents exhibited much lower antioxidant activities than those from polar solvents. The cytotoxic effects of these extracts were evaluated using 2 cancer cell lines of larynx carcinoma (HEp-2) and breast carcinoma (MCF-7). When added into Hep-2 cells, the hexane extracts from P. ostreatus, P. sajor-caju, A. bisporus, and A. campestris yielded the highest IC50 values of 1.7 ± 1.56, 2.1 ± 2.82, 4.4 ± 1.71, and 2.2 ± 1.34 μg/mL, respectively, in comparison to all other solvent extracts. Similar IC50 values were obtained when the MCF-2 cancer cells were tested, suggesting that hexane is the preferred solvent to extract the anticancer compounds from these mushrooms. Our results also indicated that extracts from solvents with nonpolar or intermediate polarity were more potent than those with high polarity in their cytotoxicity against cancer cells, and extracts from different mushrooms by the same solvent possessed varied degrees of cytotoxicity.

느타리버섯 균주별 항산화효능 및 폴리페놀함량 비교분석

느타리버섯은 한국사람들에게 인기있는 버섯이며 새송이버섯, 팽이버섯과 더불어 대부분 많이 재배되어지는 버섯이다. 느타리버섯의 항산화 효능과 폴리페놀 함량을 비교 분석하였다. 항산화 효능을 분석한 결과 열수추출에서는 ASI 2099가 가장 높게 나타났으며, 주정과 메탄올 추출물에서는 ASI 2122가 가장 높게 나타났다. 폴리페놀 성분은 대부분 7~10 mg/g 이었으며, 추출용매별 함량차이는 크지 않았다. Oyster mushroom is one of the popular mushrooms for Korean people and it is thus one of the mushrooms that were mostly cultivated in Korea in addition to winter and king oyster mushrooms. This study was carried out to compare the medicinal effects of fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus extracts. We analyzed comparing antioxidant activity and polyphenol contents of fruiting body of Pleurotus ostreatus. Firstly, ASI 2099 showed the highest level in hot water. ASI 2122 showed the highest level in the 70% EtOH and MeOH extraction. Polyphenol contents was measured after extraction with different solvents. polyphenols contents is mostly 8~10 (mg/g) and there is no difference of polyphenols contents depending on the extract solvent.

SCREENING OF ANTIFUNGAL ACTIVITY OF PLEUROTUS OSTREATUS AND AGARICUS BISPORUS

The fruiting body powder of Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster mushroom) and Agaricus bisporus (button mushroom) was extracted with ethanol by using the agar well diffusion technique, the extract were tested for their antifungal activity against six fungi belonging to 5 genera viz. Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigatous, Penicillium chrysogenum, Sporotricum carnis, Humicola grisea and Thermoascus aurantiacus. The extract of Pleurotus ostreatus showed the maximum inhibition against Penicillium chrysogenum and minimum against Aspergillus flavus. The extract of Agaricus bisporus showed the maximum inhibition against Humicola grisea and minimum against same fungi Aspergillus flavus.

Telomerase inhibitory effects of medicinal mushrooms and lichens, and their anticancer activity.

Telomerase has been widely accepted as a cancer marker and a promising therapeutic target for novel anticancer drugs. The aim of this study was to investigate the in vitro telomerase inhibitory effects of mushrooms and their anticancer properties. The inhibitory effects of mushrooms and lichens against telomerase activity of HL-60 cells were systematically assessed using polymerase chain reaction based on assay of telomeric repeat amplification protocol. Telomerase inhibitory samples were further tested for antiproliferation effects against the gastric cell line SNU-1 using the MTT method. Ethyl acetate extract of Pleurotus ostreatus, ethyl acetate and water extracts of Lasiosphaera fenzlii, hexane extract of Strobilomyces floccopus, water extract of Sarcodon aspratus, and hexane, ethyl acetate, and water extracts from Umbilicaria esculenta showed strong positive telomerase inhibitory activity. Hexane extract of S. floccopus and water extracts from the edible lichen U. esculenta exhibited strong anticancer effects against SNU-1 cells through antiproliferation assay. The water extract of U. esculenta has a great potential to be developed into an anticancer agent that targets telomerase.

Antidiabetic Effect of Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.ex Fr) kumm. Mushroom on Alloxan-induced Diabetic Rats.

Antidiabetic effects of ethanolic extract of Pleurotus ostreatus (mushroom) on alloxan-induced diabetic rats was studied. The median lethal dose (LD50) of the extract was determined to be 3,472.14 mgkg-1 and a single dose of 380.0, 760.0 and 1140.0 body weight of the extract were intraperitoneally administered as the treatment dose and the blood glucose levels (BGL) examined for 7 hours and 15 hours (prolonged) at 2 and 4 hours intervals respectively. The extract exhibited significant (p 0.05 and p 0.01) reduction in the blood glucose levels of the albino rats. The extract compared favourably with the standard reference drug (metformin) which all gave their maximum BGL reduction at 5 hours duration. The confirmation of antidiabetic potentials of the Pleurotus ostreatus tuber has been justified in this study as claimed by traditional medicine practitionersin Akwa Ibom State.

Extracts of oyster mushroom (Pleurotus ostreatus) grown on wheat ameliorate hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in rats

Pleurotus ostreatus (PO), which is also called the oyster mushroom, is the secondly most popular cultivated mushroom in the world and has been shown to display antioxidant activity. In this study, the hepatic protective effects of extracts of PO cultured in wheat (POW) on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury in rats were evaluated by analyzing blood markers of liver injury. Sprague-Dawley rats were pretreated with POW extracts (0, 0.5, and 1.0 g/kg) orally for 14 days prior to the administration of CCl4 for 3 days. Marked evaluation of alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, lactate dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase, and γ-glutamyltransferase were observed in the plasma from control rats after CCl4 treatment. This increased liver injury markers were significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner by pretreatment with the POW extract, suggesting that POW prevented acute liver damage in CCl4-intoxicated rats by suppressing cellular leakage and loss of the functional integrity of cell membranes in the liver. POW extracts could also improve lipid profiles damaged caused by CCl4 in liver through a reducing plasma triglyceride and total cholesterol and a recovering plasma HDL-cholesterol. These results suggest that the extracts of POW ameliorate hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 in the rat model.

Biochemical characterization of three phase partitioned laccase and its application in decolorization and degradation of synthetic dyes

Abstract Growing laccase utilization in numerous biotechnological applications encourages the search for high benefit/cost ratio purification methods such as Three Phase Partitioning (TPP). TPP was employed to the crude extract of Pleurotus ostreatus , gave yielded nearly 161% with 27.8 fold purity. The specific activity of the TPP purified laccase was 91 U/mg and the molecular mass of isozymes was estimated to be 72 kDa and 40 kDa. An extracellular laccase acted optimally at pH 6.0 and exhibited an optimum temperature of 45 °C. The enzyme was able to sustain its activity even at elevated temperatures (50–60 °C) for extended periods (2–3 h). Laccase displayed a high affinity towards syringaldazine and oxidizes other phenolic compounds. This laccase was activated by Mn 2+ and glycerol, but completely inhibited by the classic laccase inhibitors, oxalic acid, Hg 2+ , Pb 2+ and Fe 2+ . The purified laccase could efficiently decolorize triphenyl methane (TPM), azo and indigo dyes without addition of redox mediators. The biodegradation of malachite green (MG) was monitored by UV–vis, IR-spectroscopy and HPLC. The thermostable and rapid dye decolorizing property makes it an attractive and promising biocatalysts for the environment biotechnological applications.

Anti‐Cancer Effects of Protein Extracts from Calvatia lilacina, Pleurotus ostreatus and Volvariella volvacea

Calvatia lilacina (CL), Pleurotus ostreatus (PO) and Volvariella volvacea (VV) are widely distributed worldwide and commonly eaten as mushrooms. In this study, cell viabilities were evaluated for a human colorectal adenocarcinoma cell line (SW480 cells) and a human monocytic leukemia cell line (THP-1 cells). Apoptotic mechanisms induced by the protein extracts of PO and VV were evaluated for SW480 cells. The viabilities of THP-1 and SW480 cells decreased in a concentration-dependent manner after 24 h of treatment with the protein extracts of CL, PO or VV. Apoptosis analysis revealed that the percentage of SW480 cells in the SubG1 phase (a marker of apoptosis) was increased upon PO and VV protein-extract treatments, indicating that oligonucleosomal DNA fragmentation existed concomitantly with cellular death. The PO and VV protein extracts induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, glutathione (GSH) depletion and mitochondrial transmembrane potential (ΔΨm) loss in SW480 cells. Pretreatment with N-acetylcysteine, GSH or cyclosporine A partially prevented the apoptosis induced by PO protein extracts, but not that induced by VV extracts, in SW480 cells. The protein extracts of CL, PO and VV exhibited therapeutic efficacy against human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells and human monocytic leukemia cells. The PO protein extracts induced apoptosis in SW480 cells partially through ROS production, GSH depletion and mitochondrial dysfunction. Therefore, the protein extracts of these mushrooms could be considered an important source of new anti-cancer drugs.