Preferences Of Players Research Articles

Knee Ligament Injuries in the National Football League: Impact of Field Surface Type During the 2020-2023 Seasons.

Introduction A subject of ongoing debate within the National Football League (NFL) community revolves around the comparative risk of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries on natural versus artificial turf field surfaces. There have been mixed results as to whether there is a difference in injury rates depending on the playing surface and what factors might play a role in affecting these rates. Methods This study aims to compare the incidence of in-game knee ligament tears in the NFL during the 2020-2023 seasons. Data was collected from publicly available resources to determine and classify specific injury characteristics such as ligament, injury date, location, and field surface type. Only in-game knee ligament tears, including those occurring in pre-season games, were included. Significance was determined using two-sample T-tests. Results Over the 2020, 2021, 2022, and 2023 seasons, there were 149 ligament tears, with 58 occurring on natural turf (38.9%) and 91 occurring on artificial turf (61.1%). Over the course of the same four years, 1213 games were played, with 524 (43.2%) games on natural turf and 689 games on artificial turf (56.8%). Accounting for the number of games played on each surface, natural turf saw a rate of 0.111 knee ligament tears per game, while artificial turf saw 0.132 ligament tears per game. Conclusion Over the course of the study period, we determined that there was no significant difference between the rates of in-game knee ligament tears on natural and artificial turf playing surfaces. Our study shows that regardless of differences in composition and other playing surface features, there is ultimately no difference in the incidence of knee ligament tears. Playing surfaces should still be monitored and regulated, and the incidence of other injuries, such as concussions, as well as player preference, should be considered when considering the ideal surface.

Understanding esports player preferences: which self-definitional needs drive their satisfaction?

PurposeEsports is emerging as a global sensation, yet its distinctive nature complicates our understanding of players' motivations. This study leverages self-hierarchy and self-determination theories to examine the motivations that define players at individual, relational, and community levels, seeking to identify which motivations are most valued.Design/methodology/approachA mixed-method approach was employed, focusing on Honor of Kings esports players in China to explore the answers to the research questions. First, semi-structured interviews were conducted to uncover self-definitional motivations at various levels. Second, a quantitative study was conducted with 607 regular Honor of Kings players to empirically examine the effects of the identified motivations on satisfaction.FindingsThe qualitative and quantitative data results reveal that self-efficacy and self-worth at the individual level, recognition and emotional attachment from close others at the relational-self level, and cocreation and belongingness at the collective level positively influence game satisfaction. More importantly, self-definitional motivations at the relational level are valued the most. Additionally, identification with a game character moderates the effects of self-definitional motivation at the collective level and emotional attachment at the relational-self level.Originality/valueThis research delves into players' motivations for engaging with Honor of Kings, anchored in self-hierarchy and self-determination theories. It uncovers that motivations rooted in different aspects of self-identity have distinct associations with players’ satisfaction level. This suggests a vital strategy for game designers and operators to adopt: to enhance player satisfaction, they should specifically address and emphasize the aspects of self-identity that matter most to their audience.

Data Analysis in Game Design: Enhancing the Player Experience

Data science plays an important role in many fields, and games have grown by leaps and bounds in recent years to occupy an important place in the entertainment industry. This paper explores the various applications of statistical analysis in game design, highlighting how developers can use data to optimize game mechanics, improve player engagement and overall user satisfaction. The results of the study show that by exploring and analyzing player behavioral patterns, market trends, and feedback, a science-based method is utilized to assist in decisions during the whole game development process. This method enables the developer to create games that are more relevant to the players preferences, providing a better gaming experience. Additionally, developers can use the data feedback to constantly optimize their games and make improvements based on player feedback in time after release. However, due to the rapid advancement of the gaming industry and the heterogeneity of the player community, data science is merely a supplementary instrument that assists developers in enhancing the player's gaming experience.

Evaluating the Effects of AI Directors for Quest Selection

Modern commercial games are designed for mass appeal, not for individual players, but there is a unique opportunity in video games to better fit the individual through adapting elements in games. In this paper, we focus on AI Directors, systems which can dynamically modify a game, that attempt to personalize the player experience to a player's preference. AI Directors have in the past provided inconclusive results, so their effect on player experience is currently unknown. In this paper, we take three AI Directors and directly compare them in a human subject study to test their effectiveness on quest selection. Our results show that a non-random AI Director provides a better player experience than a random AI Director.

A Study of Game Localization Translation under the Perspective of Skopos Theory--Taking the Game Red Dead Redemption 2 as an Example

As economic globalization continues to advance, the international market for video games is rapidly growing. For game companies aiming to expand their business globally, the localization of game translations is a crucial aspect. A well-executed localization can greatly boost a game’s international sales and appeal, attracting players from diverse regions. Thus, game localization is a vital strategy for companies seeking success on the global stage. Skopos theory, a key framework in translation studies, offers valuable insights for different types of translation work. This paper applies the principles of Skopos theory to examine the Chinese localization of various texts in the large-scale single-player game Red Dead Redemption 2. The analysis reveals that, under the guidance of Skopos theory, the localization enhances both the gaming experience and the sense of immersion for Chinese players. During the localization process, the translation, adaptation, or even rewriting of the original text is performed with the goal of aligning the final product with the cultural and linguistic preferences of local players.

Influence of Motor Imagery Modality on First-Serve Performance in Tennis Players.

Motor imagery (MI) is frequently used in tennis players. This pilot study aimed to assess whether the MI modality and preference of skilled tennis players could influence their service performance when using MI before serving first balls. Twenty expert players (Mage = 18.6years) completed the movement imagery questionnaire (third version) to assess their MI modality scores (internal visual, external visual, and kinesthetic) and their MI preference. Participants completed 4 experimental counterbalanced sessions spread over 4weeks, each including the completion of 20 first-serve balls in match condition. The sessions included a control condition (i.e.,only physical practice trials) and three MI conditions during which the players had to mentally imagine themselves performing a serve according to one of the imagery modalities, either internal visual, external visual, or kinesthetic, before serving. The percentage of success, the speed of the service balls (measured by a tablet with SWING VISION and a radar gun), and an efficiency score were recorded and then evaluated by experts and served as performance indicators and dependent variables. The results of this study showed that players benefited from MI before serving and that almost a third of the participants achieved a higher percentage of success and efficiency scores when using their preferred MI modality. These results lead us, in an applied way, to suggest to skilled tennis players to determine their MI preference and to have recourse to the mental simulation of a successful serve before serving the first balls in match condition.

Impact of a Ball Regulation Change on Game Performance and Shooting Play in Japanese U-15 Girls' Handball.

We aimed to investigate how a ball regulation change, implemented in U15 girls' handball games, now affects game performance and shooting plays. Over 14 matches (28 observations), we included all the attacks (n = 813) and shooting plays (n = 589) with the conventional ball and all the attacks (n = 821) and shooting plays (n = 618) with the new ball performed by both teams. We used notational analysis to compare the game performance and shooting plays in these two conditions. Our main results were as follows: (i) the attack efficacy was higher with the new ball (41.9%) than with the conventional ball (36.1%); and (ii) the prevalence of the three-line defensive system was higher with the new ball (10.5%) than with the conventional ball (2.7%). It can be inferred that the new ball enabled backcourt players to execute more powerful middle- and long-range shots, leading to their adoption of deeper defensive tactics that were effective in halting advancing backcourt players. Moreover, implementing new ball regulations resulted in a significantly higher frequency of shots targeted at the upper third of the goal frame (44.4%) compared to those observed with the conventional ball (35.8%). This implies that the introduction of the new ball enhanced precision control over shot placements, resulting in an increased player preference for targeting the upper course. Lastly, goalkeepers' saving rates decreased under the new ball, highlighting the need for technical and tactical coaching, tailored to goalkeepers. In summary, implementing the new ball regulations had a positive impact on Japanese U15 girls' handball performance.

Knowing the informed player's payoffs and simple play in repeated games

We revisit the canonical model of repeated games with two patient players, observable actions, and one-sided incomplete information, and make the substantive assumption that the informed player's preference is state independent. We show the informed player can attain a payoff in equilibrium if and only if she can attain it in the simple class of equilibria first studied by Aumann, Maschler, and Stearns (1968), in which the initial stages are used only for revealing information, and no further information is revealed after the initial stages. This sufficiency result does not extend to the uninformed player's equilibrium payoff set.

The emergent community of esports fans in Japan: an analysis of motivations and preferences

ABSTRACT Purpose/Rationale This study examines esports players’ and viewers’ motivations in Japan to inform market segmentation and strategy for industry stakeholders. Design/methodology/approach Employing purposive sampling, data from 500 Japanese esports participants were collected through an online survey including behavioural, motivational, and demographic factors. Cluster analysis was applied to identify distinct groups. Findings Results revealed three unique clusters each for players (all-rounder players, immersive fun seekers, and skill-based players) and viewers (casual viewers, entertainment-excitement seekers and skill appreciation seekers), with each exhibiting distinct motivations and preferences. Socio-economic factors did not significantly differentiate clusters, but fan behavioural patterns were useful in characterising them. Practical Implications Our study provides insights into Japan’s market preferences for console gaming and skill development and guides stakeholders in targeted strategy development for market engagement and growth. Research Contribution By applying the Uses and Gratifications theory within the Japanese context, this study enhances esports online community research by revealing distinct segment characteristics in a culturally unique setting and enriches esports interaction understanding. Originality/value This study sheds light on the motivations and preferences of esports players and viewers in Japan’s emerging market, offering valuable insights for stakeholders to better understand and engage their audience.

Enhancing the Adaptative Gamification Process Through User Behavior and Context

This article presents an innovative approach to developing a strategy for situational awareness in an adaptive gamification framework within the context of Collaborative location-based collecting systems (CLCS). The proposed approach involves incorporating five key factors that represent user behavior and context in the adaptive gamification process for CLCS. These factors include player preferences, player status, gamified activities, groupware activities, and project goal status. Each factor is crucial in describing various aspects of the framework and groupware interaction that players should be aware of during their game experience. By acquiring knowledge about these five axes, users can analyze and react appropriately to various situations. This modeling approach enables the early development of awareness and facilitates decision-making. Ultimately, this article serves as a useful guide for improving existing frameworks and enhancing the overall user experience through situational awareness.

Asymmetric leader-laggard cluster synchronization for collective decision-making with laser network

Photonic accelerators have recently attracted soaring interest, harnessing the ultimate nature of light for information processing. Collective decision-making with a laser network, employing the chaotic and synchronous dynamics of optically interconnected lasers to address the competitive multi-armed bandit (CMAB) problem, is a highly compelling approach due to its scalability and experimental feasibility. We investigated essential network structures for collective decision-making through quantitative stability analysis. Moreover, we demonstrated the asymmetric preferences of players in the CMAB problem, extending its functionality to more practical applications. Our study highlights the capability and significance of machine learning built upon chaotic lasers and photonic devices.

DATA GOVERNANCE IN GAMING INDUSTRY

This article examines the role of Big Data Analytics and Data Governance in the gaming industry. It shows how Big Data Analytics has changed game design and player interaction, focusing on trends and player preferences, especially in free-to-play games. The importance of Data Governance is stressed for handling data responsibly, focusing on challenges like data quality, security, and legal rules like GDPR. Examples from Ubisoft, SEGA, and Kolibri Games show these concepts in action. Metavibes is another example of research in field of Data Governance. The article also looks at how the gaming industry is dealing with data issues, including using strong policies and better security. It predicts future trends in AI and blockchain in gaming. The piece highlights the need for ethical practices, like protecting player privacy, as key for trust in the industry. The article points out the vital impact of these technologies in advancing and growing the gaming world.

Research on power battery recycling mode selection considering dual behavioral preferences under different government subsidies

AbstractEfficient and stable recycling of power batteries requires the construction of a perfect and reasonable recycling system; the current research however fails to take into account the comprehensive influence of government policies outside the supply chain and internal members’ behavioral preferences at the same time, hence fail to reflect the whole and true recycling reality. This paper studies how different battery recycling subsidy policies and relevant players’ behavioral preferences affect decision-making along the supply chain and tries to work out the optimal power battery recycling model. The results show that (1) Which recycling subsidy policy is better at promoting battery recycling is related to the size of battery capacity; (2) Behavioral preferences of key players, i.e. the risk aversion of the battery manufacturer and the fairness concern preference of the vehicle manufacturer, can be irrelevant or have a negative impact on power battery recycling; (3) The preferred recycling models vary among key stakeholders in the recycling ecosystem. The government encourages battery producers to lead the recycling operation, consumers and battery producers check the risk sensitivity, and vehicle manufacturers prefer to recycle batteries alone.

Field Surface Type and Season-Ending Lower Extremity Injury in NFL Players.

There is growing concern over the safety of artificial turf when it comes to the incidence of player injuries. The artificial surfaces can withstand more play, are cheaper to maintain, and are more predictable. However, there is concern that this beneficial durability comes at the expense of the forgiveness of the surface, leading to more injuries. In this study, we aim to compare the incidence of in-game season-ending lower extremity injuries on natural and artificial playing surfaces in the National Football League (NFL) during the 2020, 2021, and 2022 seasons. For this study, we used publicly available data to determine and classify the specific injury, where the injury occurred, field surface type, and duration of recovery. All data were collected, and significance was determined using two-sample T-tests. Only in-game injuries were included in this study. Over the course of 2020, 2021, and 2022, there were 199 season-ending lower-extremity injuries. Of these, 79 occurred on natural turf (39.7%) and 120 on artificial turf (60.3%). Of the 891 games played in this three-year period, 396 were played on natural turf (44.4%) and 495 were played on artificial turf (55.6%). Natural turf saw an injury rate of 0.199 per game, and artificial turf saw 0.242 injuries per game. We determined that there is no significant difference in rates of season-ending lower-extremity injury between artificial and natural turf. Any perceived difference in injury rates could possibly be attributed to the increased amount of play on artificial surfaces and anecdotal evidence related to high profile cases. While there is no significant difference in incidence, surfaces should continue to be monitored and regulated for traits such as hardness, and player preferences should be considered for qualities that are not quantifiable.

Trash Talking in Virtual Communication: A Study of Community Symbolic Interactions Game Online Pubg Mobile Nostra Bone

This research discusses communication behaviortrash talking what happens insidegame online PUBG Mobile through virtual communication features vizchat and voice chat which allows users to interact with other players. This research aims to analyze behavior trash talking Nostra Bone teenager in play game online PUBG mobile. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative. Primary data was obtained based on the results of observations and interviews with the Nostra Bone youth group, a community game online PUBG Mobile in Bone Regency, South Sulawesi Province. Research shows that behavior trash talking what Nostra Bone teenagers do when playing game online PUBG Mobile, namely the motivation and duration of playing PUBG Mobile which varies depending on each player's preferences, use of features chat and voice chat which is used to communicate virtually between players, and trash talking when playing PUBG mobile, it takes the form of aggressive communication carried out by players, among others flaming, that is, send chat and voice chat which is offensive in nature in the form of using harsh words, insulting or degrading other players.

The Analyses Between Different Player Groups -- Describe Their Preferences on Games and Social Media

Video games have become the mainstream entertainment for almost ages. Many people choose to become players of different games for different reasons, which makes the gaming industry have undergone earth-shaking changes in the past decade. This paper is mainly concerned with and investigates four types of games: MOBA, FPS, RPG, and MMORPG. Focus on users playing games and the reason why they choose the typical games to play. Especially their social behavior on several well-known social media such as Weibo, Bilibili, and Huya. Specifically, this paper focuses on combining the players preferences for social media and their backgrounds, reconstructing the profiles of the different game players and their true intentions for the games. The aim is to discover more about Chinese game player themselves and their surroundings. The research questions are as follows: 1) classification whether the correlation between their average play time and their interests exists. 2) Dig into the aims and reasons players choices between groups vary from person to person. 3) Research on factors influencing players social media choices.

Location-pricing problem in a two-echelon supply chain: A behavioral game-theoretic approach

The location-pricing problem is a relatively new class of problems in operations research that aims to solve both the pricing and facility location problems simultaneously. Unlike the classical facility location problem, where the demand of customers is known, in the location-pricing problem, the demand is a function of price. Other factors can also influence the final price of products, including production, transportation and inventory costs, competition and agents' behavior, which make the location-pricing problem complex. To this end, this paper proposes a bi-level mixed integer nonlinear programming model for the location-pricing problem in a two-echelon supply chain with players who make decisions based on their social preferences in a competitive market. The social preferences of players are a topic of great importance in the field of behavioral game theory. If the supply chain players care about the profits of other competitors in their utility functions, the simplifying assumption of pure selfishness must be corrected. It is predicted that considering social preferences for supply chain members can lead to better outcomes and payoffs. This paper proposes a single-to-multiple Stackelberg-Nash game in which a focal company serves as the leader, responsible for the location, capacity allocation, pricing, and production/distribution planning of manufacturers. Additionally, there are two competing retailers, as followers who base their pricing strategies on social preferences in order to gain a larger market share. The competition between the retailers determines the demands of customers. The effects of various parameters are then examined using a sensitivity analysis, and some economic and managerial insights are provided. The findings indicate that when both retailers exhibit status-seeking behavior in the market, average market demand increases as a result of lower retail and wholesale prices, resulting in an increase in the profit margins of the supply chain and agents compared to a model with self-interested players.

Identifying the Science and Art of Interactive Experiences

In game design, player engagement and game attractiveness are important components that influence player interaction and interest. This study examines player interaction with different game design aspects, including different races, difficulty levels, novice tutorials, and character design. A mixed-methods research approach was employed, combining qualitative and quantitative methods. A literature review was conducted to gather existing knowledge and insights. Expert interviews, surveys, and user testing sessions were also shown to collect data. The research findings indicate that allowing players to customize characters of different races enhances player immersion and immersiveness. In addition, multiple difficulty levels tailored to player preferences increase player satisfaction and motivation towards the game. And engaging character design, including unique traits and visually appealing aesthetics, can enhances player enjoyment and emotional connection. The research also emphasized the importance of player-centric design in game development. Developers can create immersive experiences that foster player engagement and enjoyment by incorporating these design elements such as player preferences, motivations, and engagement factors into games.

Let's Meetup? Board Game Communities in Hong Kong

Modern board games are becoming more prevalent, increasing their market share on a year-by-year basis. However, since board games are physically oriented media, their community growth has been distinct across regions. While China saw growth through a wangba model focused on socially oriented games, western countries have grown through hobbyism. Hong Kong exists at a cultural crossroads, and its board game communities form directly in response to this larger board game landscape. In this paper, I analyze the two largest board game groups on Meetup in Hong Kong—Board Game Oasis, an Anglophone group; and BGHK, a Cantophone group. By analyzing six months of events hosted, I will show how board game selection goes beyond player preference, and how these communities are heavily influenced by board game distribution and access, motivation behind play, as well as language dependency leading to two distinct communities further entrenching a systemic board gamer separation.

Examining Consumer Motivations for Play-to-Earn Gaming: Application of Analytic Hierarchy Process Analysis

This study aims to explore the participation preferences of players in Play-to-Earn (PTE) games, a topic of growing relevance as PTE games gain increasing attention. These games offer players the unique opportunity to earn real-world rewards through virtual gameplay activities. By examining the factors that drive players’ decision-making in PTE games, we deepen our understanding of the intersection between virtual economies and real-world financial needs. The insights from this study can provide game developers and policymakers with valuable information to design and implement effective strategies that support individuals seeking alternative income sources and new economic models in the face of unprecedented challenges. To determine the prioritization of motivating factors among PTE game players, we utilized the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) analysis as part of a three-stage process: a literature review (Stage 1), expert evaluation (Stage 2), and AHP analysis (Stage 3). The study derived 12 critical factors in PTE gameplay from literature review, divided into three primary elements, each with four sub-factors. These primary factors include Gaming Experience (comprising Fun factor, Game Quality, Game Genre, and Challenge), Financial Outcomes (consisting of Tokenomics, ROI, Game Company Reliability, and Coin Price), and PTE Game Awareness (including Management, Game Entry Timing, Game Platform, and Community). This study uncovers the three primary factors that encourage participation in PTE games, with Gaming Experience emerging as the most critical, followed by Financial Outcomes and PTE Game Awareness. This finding underlines the need for game developers to prioritize the gaming experience to ensure the development and sustainability of PTE games.