Platinum Working Electrode Research Articles

Electrochemical Behavior of Chlorine on Platinum Microdisk and Screen-Printed Electrodes in a Room Temperature Ionic Liquid

As a result of the toxic and corrosive nature of chlorine gas, simple methods for its detection are required for monitoring and control purposes. In this paper, the electrochemical behavior of chlorine on platinum working electrodes in the room temperature ionic liquid (RTIL) 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide ([C2mim][NTf2]) is reported, as a basis for simple sensor devices. Cyclic voltammetry (CV) and chronoamperometry (CA) on a Pt microelectrode revealed the two-electron reduction of Cl2 to chloride ions. On the CV reverse sweep, an oxidation peak due to the oxidation of chloride was observed. The reduction process was diffusion controlled at the concentrations studied (≤4.5% in the gas phase), in contrast to a previous report (J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 19477), which examined only 100% chlorine. The diffusion-controlled currents were linear with gas-phase concentration. Fitting of the CA transients to the Shoup and Szabo expression gave a diffusion coefficient for chlorine ...

Electrochemical and Electrophysiological Performance of Platinum Electrodes Within the Ninety-Nine-Electrode Stimulating Nerve Cuff.

The trend in neural prostheses using selective nerve stimulation for electrical stimulation therapies is headed toward single-part systems having a large number of working electrodes (WEs), each of which selectively stimulate neural tissue or record neural response (NR). The present article reviews the electrochemical and electrophysiological performance of platinum WE within a ninety-nine-electrode spiral cuff for selective nerve stimulation and recording of peripheral nerves, with a focus on the vagus nerve (VN). The electrochemical properties of the WE were studied in vitro using the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique. The equivalent circuit model (ECM) of the interface between the WE and neural tissue was extracted from the EIS data and simulated in the time domain using a preset current stimulus. Electrophysiological performance of in-space and fiber-type highly selective vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) was tested using an isolated segment of a porcine VN and carotid artery as a reference. A quasitrapezoidal current-controlled pulse (stimulus) was applied to the VN or arterial segment using an appointed group of three electrodes (triplet). The triplet and stimulus were configured to predominantly stimulate B-fibers and minimize the stimulation of A-fibers. The EIS results revealed capacitive charge transfer predominance, which is a highly desirable property. Electrophysiological performance testing indicated the potential existence of certain parameters and waveforms of the stimulus for which the contribution of the A-fibers to the NR decreased slightly and that of the B-fibers increased slightly. Findings show that the design of the stimulating electrodes, based on the EIS and ECM results, could act as a useful tool for nerve cuff development.

Electrochemistry of tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) cobalt(II) in ionic liquids and aprotic molecular solvents on glassy carbon and platinum electrodes

The tris(2,2′-bipyridyl) complexes of cobalt(II) and (III) ([Co(bpy)3]2+/3+) produce a redox couple of great interest in thermoelectrochemical cells and dye sensitized solar cells including both types of devices based on ionic liquid electrolytes. We present a systematic study of the electrochemistry of [Co(bpy)3]2+ [NTf2]−2 in two ionic liquids (ILs) based on the 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (C2mim) cation and two ILs based on the 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium cation (C4mpyr), as well as three aprotic molecular solvents. Platinum (Pt) and glassy carbon (GC) working electrodes were compared. In all solvents better electrochemical responses were observed on GC, which yielded higher currents in the cyclic voltammograms and lower rate constants for the redox reaction. The [Co(bpy)3]1+/2+ couple is also readily observed, but this redox reaction is chemically irreversible, possibly because the [Co(bpy)3]1+ complex dissociates. However, the [Co(bpy)3]1+/2+ reaction is chemically reversible in all of the solvents studied, except 3-methoxypropionitrile, if excess of 2,2′-bipyridyl is added to the solution.

Synthesis and characterization of a new family of aryl-trifluoromethanesulfonylimide Li-Salts for Li-ion batteries and beyond

The battery energy-storage industry is evolving rapidly so new battery components are needed with high stability and improved energy density, as well as enhanced safety. In this paper, results on new salts, safer degradation and good electrochemical performances are reported. Four organic anions for Li-salts were synthesized and their conductivity, viscosity and electrochemical potential window in EC/DEC (3/7) solutions were examined. These salts have high thermal stability and safer degradation products (compared to LiPF6 and Li-TFSI), which were identified by TGA-MS. Cyclic voltammetry measurements showed their electrochemical window and oxidation limits were at least 4.3 and 4.5 V vs Li/Li+ using a platinum and high surface area carbon material working electrode, respectively. The salts passivated the common aluminum current collector at 4.4 V vs Li/Li+ and without corrosion. The properties of one Li salts were evaluated in half cell configuration as a model system using lithium iron phosphate (LFP), lithium titanate oxide (LTO) and graphite as electrodes. The performance of the salt showed promising behavior in the model system, compared to benchmark salts such as LiPF6 and Li-TFSI.

Iodide analysis by ion chromatography on a new stationary phase of polystyrene-divinylbenzene agglomerated with polymerized-epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine

Abstract A new stationary phase for iodide ion analysis has been developed. The cationic polymer-epichlorohydrin-dimethylamine (PEPI-DMA) was served as modifier in synthesizing polyelectrolyte sorbents and the macroporous polystyrene-divinylbenzene (PS-DVB) resin was used as support. The positively charged polymer (PEPI-DMA) was electrostatically bonded to a negatively charged particle (PS-DVB sulfonated). The new stationary phase was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), elemental analysis, chemical adsorption and desorption measurements. The chromatographic evaluation of the new stationary phase was performed using various anions with a conductivity detector. The new stationary phase was also applied to the determination of iodide directly with a DC amperometric detector using a platinum working electrode and an Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The chromatographic conditions were optimized and the eluent solution contained 5 mmol/L HNO 3 and 15 mmol/L NaNO 3 at a flow rate of 1.0 mL/min and column temperature of 30 °C. The applied voltage of the DC amperometric detector was 0.9 V. Under the optimum conditions, the linear range of the method was 0.2–50 mg/L for iodide ion with a correlation coefficient of 0.9990. The detection limit was 0.05 mg/L (calculated at S/N = 3) and the relative standard deviations (RSD, n = 6) were all less than 1% for retention time, peak area and peak height. This method was also utilized for the determination of iodide ions in samples of povidone iodine solution and kelp samples with satisfactory results.

Using "Tender" X-ray Ambient Pressure X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy as A Direct Probe of Solid-Liquid Interface.

We report a new method to probe the solid-liquid interface through the use of a thin liquid layer on a solid surface. An ambient pressure XPS (AP-XPS) endstation that is capable of detecting high kinetic energy photoelectrons (7 keV) at a pressure up to 110 Torr has been constructed and commissioned. Additionally, we have deployed a “dip & pull” method to create a stable nanometers-thick aqueous electrolyte on platinum working electrode surface. Combining the newly constructed AP-XPS system, “dip & pull” approach, with a “tender” X-ray synchrotron source (2 keV–7 keV), we are able to access the interface between liquid and solid dense phases with photoelectrons and directly probe important phenomena occurring at the narrow solid-liquid interface region in an electrochemical system. Using this approach, we have performed electrochemical oxidation of the Pt electrode at an oxygen evolution reaction (OER) potential. Under this potential, we observe the formation of both Pt2+ and Pt4+ interfacial species on the Pt working electrode in situ. We believe this thin-film approach and the use of “tender” AP-XPS highlighted in this study is an innovative new approach to probe this key solid-liquid interface region of electrochemistry.

Comparisons in Voltammetry of Phenylenediamine Based Ureas on Platinum and Glassy Carbon Working Electrodes

“Proton-coupled electron transfer” (PCET) reactions are essential to many of the fundamental chemical processes of biological systems. PCET has been studied for some time, but it is only recently that the role of H-bonding intermediates has been explored. One such H-bonding system under investigation consists of a phenylenediamine based urea that undergoes an apparent self-PCET reaction where one urea is oxidized by two electrons to the quinoidal cation, followed by the transfer of a proton and deactivation of the other half of the ureas. Reversibility of this process is due to the second electron transfer and proton transfer occurring through a H-bond complex between the oxidized urea and the dimethylamino group on an electroinactive urea. In this study it was sought to observe possible differences in voltammetry of the phenylenediamine based urea system using different working electrode surfaces, in this case: platinum and glassy carbon working electrodes. Differences in voltammetry were observed between platinum and glassy carbon in methylene chloride. These differences appear to be due to faster heterogeneous electron transfer on glassy carbon than on platinum. In order to further explore this faster rate of electron transfer that is observed on glassy carbon, the working electrode surface was methylated, intentionally disrupting the electrode surface. The resulting voltammetric behavior of the phenylenediamine based urea system using this compromised electrode was similar to that of platinum, suggesting that the rate of electron transfer on glassy carbon was slowed down. Further voltammetric experiments are being conducted in other solvents due to the solvent-dependence of the phenylenediamine based urea system. Possible differences in voltammetry between platinum and glassy carbon electrodes are currently being explored in dimethyl sulfoxide.

Development of a multi‐parameter sensor chip for the simultaneous detection of organic compounds in biogas processes

An enzyme‐based multi‐parameter biosensor is developed for monitoring the concentration of formate, d‐lactate, and l‐lactate in biological samples. The sensor is based on the specific dehydrogenation by an oxidized β‐nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)‐dependent dehydrogenase (formate dehydrogenase, d‐lactic dehydrogenase, and l‐lactic dehydrogenase, respectively) in combination with a diaphorase from Clostridium kluyveri (EC 1.8.1.4). The enzymes are immobilized on a platinum working electrode by cross‐linking with glutaraldehyde (GA). The principle of the determination scheme in case of l‐lactate is as follows: l‐lactic dehydrogenase (l‐LDH) converts l‐lactate into pyruvate by reaction with NAD+. In the presence of hexacyanoferrate(III), the resulting reduced β‐nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) is then regenerated enzymatically by diaphorase. The electrochemical detection is based on the current generated by oxidation of hexacyanoferrate(II) at an applied potential of +0.3 V vs. an Ag/AgCl reference electrode. The biosensor will be electrochemically characterized in terms of linear working range and sensitivity. Additionally, the successful practical application of the sensor is demonstrated in an extract from maize silage.

Development of an amperometric-based glucose biosensor to measure the glucose content of fruit.

An amperometric enzyme-electrode was introduced where glucose oxidase (GOD) was immobilized on chitosan membrane via crosslinking, and then fastened on a platinum working electrode. The immobilized enzyme showed relatively high retention activity. The activity of the immobilized enzyme was influenced by its loading, being suppressed when more than 0.6 mg enzyme was used in the immobilization. The biosensor showing the highest response to glucose utilized 0.21 ml/cm2 thick chitosan membrane. The optimum experimental conditions for the biosensors in analysing glucose dissolved in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 6.0) were found to be 35°C and 0.6 V applied potential. The introduced biosensor reached a steady-state current at 60 s. The apparent Michaelis-Menten constant () of the biosensor was 14.2350 mM, and its detection limit was 0.05 mM at s/n > 3, determined experimentally. The RSD of repeatability and reproducibility of the biosensor were 2.30% and 3.70%, respectively. The biosensor was showed good stability; it retained ~36% of initial activity after two months of investigation. The performance of the biosensors was evaluated by determining the glucose content in fruit homogenates. Their accuracy was compared to that of a commercial glucose assay kit. There was no significance different between two methods, indicating the introduced biosensor is reliable.

A Highly Miniaturized Low-Power CMOS-Based pH Monitoring Platform

This paper presents the design and fabrication of a wireless, highly miniaturized, low-power electrochemical pH sensing system employing complementary metal-oxide- semiconductor (CMOS) electronics. Since plasma pH readings directly correlate to carbon dioxide levels present in the human body, this paper holds great promise for continuous monitoring of carbon dioxide in totally implantable device applications. In this paper, we have integrated a CMOS voltage controlled oscillator, which consumes only 120 μW of power and occupies an area of 0.045 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , together with a miniature electrochemical pH sensor which detects real-time changes in pH levels. The fabricated sensor employs an electropolymerized poly(o-phenylenediamine) layer atop a platinum working electrode which yields linear operation well above and below the physiological pH range of 7.38-7.42, with sensitivities as high as 56 mV/pH. In turn, the fabricated CMOS electronics convert the voltage generated by the sensor to output frequency pulses in a linear fashion. Furthermore, a wireless transmission link was designed which broadcasts the resulting sensor data to a computer which displays real-time continuous pH readings. The miniature footprint of both the sensor and electronics, together with its low power consumption, renders this a versatile platform for facile carbon dioxide monitoring and other metabolic sensing systems.

Synthesis and Electrochemical Properties of the Tetraferrocenyl‐Cavitand in Dimethyl Formamide Solvent Using Platinum and Carbon Working Electrodes

AbstractA tetraferrocenyl‐cavitand was synthesized through copper(I)‐catalyzed azide‐alkyne cycloaddition reaction. The electrochemical property of the cavitand possessing four ferrocenyl moieties at the upper rim was investigated in dimethyl formamide solvent using platinum and carbon working electrodes. Quasi reversible redox character was observed and no electrode fouling could be found. Different electrochemical methods were selected for determination of the diffusion coefficient and number of electrons taking part in the redox process of this species. Electrochemical measurements were carried out with ferrocene and the cavitand, utilizing the same cells, electrodes and conditions. The obtained results were compared.

Silicon-based electrochemical microdevices for silicate detection in seawater

This paper describes the electrochemical characterisation of gold and platinum microdevices mass fabricated using silicon technology. Specific attention was paid to allow in situ electrochemical detection of silicate in seawater. Thus, using a silicon nitride (Si3N4) inorganic passivation layer patterned using Inductively Coupled Plasma Chemical Vapor Deposition (ICP-CVD), coupled with a non-aggressive lift-off based process, different electrodes were isolated electrically: one gold or platinum working electrode named “macroelectrode” (2mm of diameter), four gold or platinum working ultramicroelectrodes (UME) (15μm of diameter), one platinum counter electrode and one silver electrode which can be used as a reference electrode after its chlorination. Their small size and mass fabrication make them very promising for oceanographic applications. As some components of microdevices release silicate and contaminate the solution, after being immersed in seawater, these microdevices were inserted in a specific cell that only puts the electrodes in contact with the seawater solution. Gold has been tested as a possible material for working electrodes but its lack of adherence to the passivation layer in seawater solutions led to non-accurate measurements. On the contrary, passivation layer on platinum electrodes resists to the seawater corrosive medium. The analytical performances of the platinum microdevices has been tested through different silicate calibrations and shows an outstanding accuracy and reproducibility when measurements are performed, especially with the macroelectrodes which showed only 2.8% signal variation after four months of use and a limit of quantification of 0.50μmolL−1 suitable for oceanographic applications.

CO2 capture and electrochemical conversion using superbasic [P66614][124Triz

The ionic liquid trihexyltetradecylphosphonium 1,2,4-triazolide, [P66614][124Triz], has been shown to chemisorb CO2 through equimolar binding of the carbon dioxide with the 1,2,4-triazolide anion. This leads to a possible new, low energy pathway for the electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to formate and syngas at low overpotentials, utilizing this reactive ionic liquid media. Herein, an electrochemical investigation of water and carbon dioxide addition to the [P66614][124Triz] on gold and platinum working electrodes is reported. Electrolysis measurements have been performed using CO2 saturated [P66614][124Triz] based solutions at -0.9 V and -1.9 V on gold and platinum electrodes. The effects of the electrode material on the formation of formate and syngas using these solutions are presented and discussed.

Microwave-assisted synthesis, electrochemistry and spectroelectrochemistry of amphiphilic phthalocyanines

Novel hexadeca-substituted metallophthalocyanines (M=Cu, Ni, In) carrying eight hexyloxy groups on non-peripheral positions together with four chloro and four p-sulphonylphenoxy groups on peripheral positions have been synthesized by using microwave irradiation. All newly synthesized amphiphilic phthalocyanine complexes have been characterized by using elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, proton nuclear magnetic resonance, mass and UV–vis spectroscopy techniques. The electrochemical behavior of the phthalocyanines was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and square wave voltammetry on a platinum-working electrode. While all complexes gave common phthalocyanine ring-based electron transfer processes, changing the metal center especially affected the aggregation and chemical stabilities of the complexes during the redox reactions. Aggregation tendency of copper phthalocyanine was also studied in methanol and no aggregation was observed in the concentration range from 2×10−6 to 12×10−6moldm−3.

Screen‐Printed Electrodes for Amperometric Determination of Iodide

AbstractAn amperometric method for the determination of iodide ions has been developed using disposable, screen‐printed electrodes. The used sensors have a gold, graphite and platinum working electrodes with an area of about 7 mm2. Calibration curves exhibit a linear relationship between the electrode response and the iodide concentration up to 3.00 mM. The correlation coefficients for all calibration curves varied from 0.988 to 0.998. The relative standard deviations were equal to or less than 5.26 % (n=5). The lowest iodide concentration measured was 100 µM.

Amperometric cell for subcutaneous detection of hydrogen sulfide in anesthetized experimental animals

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a toxic gas. It has been recognized that H2S evolving in biochemical reactions in living organisms has an important role in different physiologic processes. Nowadays, H2S is known as an endogenous messenger molecule. Natural sulfurous spring water has been proved beneficial in the therapy of diseases of the skin and other organs (Boros et al ). In vivo real-time detection of local H2S concentration is an important but challenging task.We developed a two-electrode amperometric cell for selective subcutaneous detection of H2S in anesthetized mice. The cell is a small size implantable gas sensor containing a platinum disc anode and a silver cathode. The selectivity is provided by a membrane permeable only by gases. There is a buffered reversible electrochemical mediator solution in an oxidized form inside the cell. As gaseous H2S penetrates into the cell the mediator is reduced, and +0.4 V versus the reference is employed on the platinum working electrode. The reduced mediator is oxidized on the anode surface. The current provides an analytical signal representing the concentration of H2S.Appropriate shape, size and membrane material were selected, and optimal working parameters—such as mediator concentration, pH and cell voltage—were determined in vitro. The lower limit of detection in the stirred sample solution at pH = 5.5 was as small as 9.4 × 10−7 M and a dynamic concentration range of 0–6 × 10–4 M could be achieved.The detecting surfaces of the cell were covered with freshly dissected mouse skin to test dermal H2S permeability. In other experiments, the cell was implanted subcutaneously in an anesthetized mouse and the animal was submerged in a buffer solution containing different concentrations of H2S so that the skin surface over the sensor was covered by the solution. Measurements of subcutaneous H2S concentration were taken. The experiments clearly proved that H2S diffuses through the skin of the live mouse.

Spatiotemporal Mapping of Diffusion Layers Using Synchrotron Infrared Radiation

Synchrotron infrared (SIR) radiation has been employed to map the diffusion layer surrounding a platinum working electrode. A thin-cavity transmission cell containing a raised, 12μm platinum working electrode is employed to generate a two-dimensional diffusion space. The use of a prototypical redox system, i.e. the diffusion controlled reduction of ferricyanide (Ox) and concurrent production of ferrocyanide (Red), allows for a proof of principle evaluation of the viability of SIR for simultaneous mapping (in time and space) of the concentrations of species in the diffusion layer. Diffusion coefficients for the two species in the redox couple are extracted by comparing the experimental results with numerical simulations using finite elements. Absolute values of DOx=4.5X10−6cm2s−1 and DRed=3.6X10−6cm2s−1 have been obtained which are systematically lower by about 30% than those independently determined from electrochemical measurements in the 0.10M NaF supporting electrolyte. However, their ratio is in excellent agreement with accepted values. Deviations are attributed to heterogeneity in the SIR beam's intensity profile as well as difficulties in accurately accounting for the working electrode's pronounced edge effects. Implications for future IR spectroelectrochemical studies of chemical reactions in electrochemically generated diffusion layers are discussed.

Electrochemical Charge and Discharge of Magnesium Anode in Triglyme-Based Solution

Magnesium rechargeable batteries have paid attention for the next generation battery, because magnesium metal has a higher volumetric specific capacity and higher melting point than these of lithium metal. Electrolyte for magnesium rechargeable batteries has been developed by Aurbach and co-workers [1, 2], in which Grignard reagents (RMgX, where R is an alkyl or aryl group, and X is Cl or Br) are contained. The anodic stability (about 1.7 V vs. Mg2+ / Mg) and chemical stability of the Grignard reagents-based electrolyte is not satisfied with practical application [3]. Recently, Muldoon and co-workers have developed magnesium electrolytes contain [Mg2(μ-Cl)3-6THF] [4]. The anodic stability in this electrolyte is drastically improved. However, it is still desired to improve the anodic and chemical stability. The development of new electrolyte system for magnesium rechargeable batteries is required. In this study, we investigate magnesium deposition and dissolution in triglyme-based electrolyte having high chemical stability.Electrochemical properties of the electrolyte were investigated by cyclic voltammetry with the three-electrode cell. Platinum plate and magnesium rod were used as working electrode and counter electrode, respectively. A silver wire was used as a reference electrode. Magnesium trifuluoromethanesulfonyl-imide (Mg(TFSI)2) / triglyme was used as the electrolyte. The deposition after electrochemical measurement was characterized by XRD and SEM. XRD measurements were carried out at the beam line BL02B2 at SPring-8 (Japan). Magnesium K-edge XAFS measurements were also carried out for the triglyme-based electrolyte and the Grignard reagents at the beam line BL27SU at Spring-8 (Japan).Figure 1(a) shows cyclic voltammogram of the platinum working electrode in Mg(TFSI)2 / triglyme electrolyte. The cathodic and anodic peaks correspond to magnesium deposition and dissolution, respectively. The anodic stability in this electrolyte is higher than 3.5 V vs. Mg2+ / Mg. This value is higher than that of the potential window in Grignard reagents / THF and Mg2(μ-Cl)3-6THF system. The deposited product was characterized by XRD and SEM (Fig. 1(b)). The diffraction pattern of the product is fully indexed to the P63/mmc space group, which is similar to the space group of magnesium metal. The particles with a thickness of approximately 5 mm were deposited on a platinum-working electrode. These results validate that the Mg(TFSI)2 / triglyme system can practically be used in magnesium rechargeable batteries coupled with high-voltage cathode materials. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This work was partially supported by Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST) program of Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) in Japan.

Indirect electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide to carbon nanopowders in molten alkali carbonates: Process variables and product properties

Carbon was deposited on a mild steel cathode during electrolysis in the molten mixture of Li2CO3 and K2CO3 (mole ratio: 62:38) under CO2 or mixed N2 and CO2 atmospheres at 3.0–5.0V and 540–700°C. In a three-electrode cell, cyclic voltammetry was applied on a platinum working electrode to study the reduction and deposition processes. A two-electrode cell helped correlate electrolysis variables, e.g. temperature and voltage, with the deposition rate, current efficiency, and properties of the deposited carbon powders. High current efficiency (>90%) and deposition rate (>0.11gcm−2h−1) were achieved in the study. Elemental analysis of the electro-deposits, following washing with HCl solutions (2.3–7.8molL−1), showed carbon as the dominant element (75–95wt.%) plus oxygen (5–10wt.%) and small amounts of other elements related to materials of the electrolytic cell. Thermogravimetry detected fairly low onset combustion temperatures (310–430°C), depending on the electrolysis and acid washing conditions. Amorphous and various nanostructures (sheet, rings and quasi-spheres) were revealed by electron microscopy in carbon samples deposited under different process conditions. The specific surface area of the carbon deposited at 5.0V and 540°C was as high as 585m2g−1. An analysis of the energy consumption suggests several ways for efficiency improvement so that the electrolytic carbon from CO2 will become commercially attractive.

Electrochemical Properties of Charge Transfer Complexes of 4,4’-bipyridine with Benzoquinone Derivatives

The electrochemical characteristics of charge transfer complex of 4,4’-bipyridine with benzoquinone derivative have been investigated using cyclic voltammetry, convolutive voltammetry and digital simulation methods. Cyclic voltammetry experiments were performed at a platinum working electrode. The electrode reaction pathway, the relevant chemical and electrochemical parameters of theinvestigated complex were determined using cyclic voltammetry, convolution - deconvolution transforms. The extracted electrochemical parameters and the nature of the electrode reaction were verified &amp; confirmed via digital simulation method.