Plateletcrit Values Research Articles

Platelet indices in children with sepsis and their relation to the outcome

Introduction: Sepsis is a major causes of mortality and morbidity among children. An effective and accurate biochemical marker is needed which can support or exclude the diagnosis of sepsis. Objective: To study the platelet indices in children with sepsis and their relation to the outcome Method: A prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary care centre from southern India from October 2015 to July 2017. Children aged 1 month to 18 years of age with sepsis, as per the definition of International Paediatric Sepsis Consensus Conference 2005, were included in the study. Children with no infection were taken as controls. Children with haematological malignancies, known platelet disorders, haemolytic anaemia and children with a history of recent blood transfusions or splenectomy were excluded from the study. History and physical examination findings were noted in a pre-designed proforma. Platelet indices were measured using an automated blood counter, Beckman Coulter LH780 series. Counts done at the time of admission and prior to discharge or death were taken for analysis. Mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) and plateletcrit (PCT) values were compared with standard normal values. Severity of thrombocytopenia was classified as mild (50,000-150,000/cu mm), moderate (20,000-50,000/cu mm) and severe ( Results: A total of 191 children with sepsis were enrolled in the study of which 40 were excluded. Thrombocytopenia was observed among 67.5% (102/151) of the study population with sepsis. The difference in platelet indices between cases and controls were found to be statistically significant. Mortality rate in the present study was 27.8% (42/151). Platelet count (p=0.003) and plateletcrit (p=0.004) were significantly low among non-survivors when compared to survivors with sepsis. Among the children who had thrombocytopenia prior to discharge, severity of thrombocytopenia showed significant relation with the outcome of children with sepsis (p=0.006). Conclusions: In the present study, plateletcrit, mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width and platelet count showed statistically significant relation in children with sepsis when compared to controls. With regard to predicting mortality, platelet count and plateletcrit showed statistically significant lower values among non survivors when compared to survivors. Sri Lanka Journal of Child Health, 2018; 47(4): 301-305

Relationship Between Haemostasis Parameters and Anxiety Under Examination Stress: A Pilot Study.

This work aims to clarify how blood coagulation parameters reflect mild stress response in males and females. Healthy student volunteers of both sexes were used in this pilot study. A new global sensitive assay of haemostasis, spatial thrombodynamics, along with conventional coagulometry approach were used to evaluate of blood coagulation parameters. Psychodiagnostics scales (according to Spielberger and Taylor) are employed to evaluate anxiety as stress-induced response. We have selected exam stress, which despite being a mild stressor may nevertheless cause somatic disorders. We provide the first evidence of a statistically significant increase in initial clot growth velocity in women, but not men, in response to exam stress. The exam situation produces higher situational anxiety in female volunteers, and so they express remarkable stress-induced haemostatic responses, including plasma- and platelet-based changes. In contrast, male volunteers do not express pronounced stress-induced changes in haemostasis, and only display a decrease in plateletcrit value and an increase in prothrombin time. Mild form of stress (exam) induces changes in some blood coagulation parameters. A statistically significant remarkable increase in Vinit value and some other plasma- and platelet-based parameters has been seen in female students (but not male ones) under exam stress.

The diagnostic and prognostic value of platelet indices in gastrointestinal bleeding

BackgroundWe aimed to investigate the association between platelet indices [platelet, plateletcrit (PCT), mean platelet volume (MPV) and platelet distribution width (PDW)] and gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB), as well as determine its severity and prognosis. Method500 patients with GIB who were admitted to hospital between March 2014 and February 2017 and diagnosed with “Gastrointestinal System Bleeding”, as well as114 healthy individuals were retrospectively included in the study. Patients' platelet indices were recorded after one week and one month from their files. ResultsPlatelet, PCT, MPV and PDW levels were determined to be higher in the patients with bleeding, when compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Within the first week, a significant reduction was determined in patients' platelet, PCT, MPV and PDW values compared to the admission values (p < 0.001). In initial-month controls, a significant reduction was determined in the platelet indices compared to the initial-week values (p < 0.001). A significant association between bleeding severity and increased platelet indexes was determined. Increasing age, female gender, the presence of comorbidities, high levels of platelet indexes, low levels of hemoglobin, and albumin values were all found to be associated with a poor prognosis. PCT, MPV, and PDW were determined as being the independent risk factors that predict the odds of GIB, alongside the independent predictors that predict risk of bleeding severity and the prognosis. ConclusionWe think that platelet indices may be used in diagnosis of GIB, as well as in predicting bleeding severity and the prognosis.

Thrombocyte Alterations in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: Inflammation and its complications might develop in patients diagnosed with diabetes mellitus. It is shown that number, shape and functions of thrombocytes are important for development and prediction of inflammatory process. We aimed to show the changes of number, morphology and functions of platelets in the patients with gestational diabetes mellitus.study design: In a retrospective study, 928 cases in 24-28th weeks of gestation followed regularly in the same clinic were included. We performed 75g oral glucose tolerance test to all cases. Mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width and plateletcrit values of the cases with and without gestational diabetes mellitus according to American Diabetes Association criteria were compared to evaluate the platelet count, morphology, functions and activity.Results: Platelet count and plateletcrit values of cases were significantly higher in the patients with gestational diabetes mellitus. No significant differences were found between the cases with and without gestational diabetes mellitus in mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width values.Conclusion: There is tendency to inflammation in GDM and platelets are part of inflamatuary process in human metabolism. Our findings show that, platelets are affected in GDM. We believe that further studies in this subject will help understanding of pathophysiology of GDM.

An assessment of platelet parameters in different ethnic groups with hypertension subtypes and associated risk factors in Xinjiang, China

ABSTRACTThe goal of this study was to investigate platelet parameters in populations with hypertension subtypes among the Han, Uygur, and Kazakh ethnic groups and their associated risk factors in Xinjiang, northwestern China. In total, 9816 adult participants were recruited from a multiethnic, cross-sectional cardiovascular risk survey. Our results indicated that the platelet counts in Han, Uygur, and Kazakh participants with isolated systolic hypertension (ISH), isolated diastolic hypertension (IDH), and systolic diastolic hypertension (SDH) varied significantly (P < 0.001). Additionally, the mean platelet volume (MPV) in Han, Uygur, and Kazakh participants with ISH was significantly different (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the individual platelet parameters had different associated risk factors. For example, the risk factors for platelet counts were Uygur ethnicity, Kazakh ethnicity, drinking, ISH, diabetes, and high triglycerides (TGs). The risk factors for MPV were Uygur ethnicity, smoking, overweight, obesity, ISH, IDH, diabetes, and high TGs. Gender was a risk factor for abnormal plateletcrit (PCT) values. Only a low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level was found to be a risk factor for platelet distribution width (PDW). We suggest that more attention should be paid to platelet parameters and the associated risk factors to reinforce the effect of antiplatelet therapy and to provide a clinical basis for preventing the occurrence of thrombosis complications and cerebro- and cardiovascular diseases effectively.

Markers of inflammation and tolerance development in allergic proctocolitis.

Today, as a result of an increase in the frequency of food protein-induced allergic proctocolitis (FPIAP), there is a need for studies not only to enlighten the pathophysiology of the disease but also to determine simple, non-invasive markers in both diagnosis, and evaluation of the development of tolerance. No study has been found in the literature about the place of neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and mean platelet volume (MPV), which are easy to calculate and non-invasive markers. The purpose is to determine the relation between NLR and MPV with the diagnosis and development of tolerance in children with FPIAP. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, clinical, demographic symptoms and laboratory findings of patients, monitored with FPIAP diagnosis in allergy and gastroenterology clinics, were acquired from the patient record system. Hemogram values at the time of diagnosis were compared with the values of healthy children of the same age and gender. Among 59 patients diagnosed with FPIAP, males constitute 47.4% and females constitute 52.6%. MPV and platelet crit (PCT) values were significantly high when compared to the control group (n: 67) in FPIAP cases (p < 0.001). Also, MPV and PCT values were significantly high in non-tolerance developing cases when compared to developing ones (p= 0.01). Contrary to NLR, MPV and PCT values have been considered to be good markers in predicting prognosis in cases with FPIAP since they are quick, cost effective and easy to calculate.

Assessment of the Platelet Parameters in Children With Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Background: The purpose of this study was to assess platelet morphological parameters in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and to determine the factors affecting those parameters. Methods: A total of 80 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and 80 healthy control subjects were included in this study. All subjects’ platelet parameters including platelet count (PLT), mean platelet volume (MPV), platelet distribution width (PDW) and plateletcrit (PCT) levels were measured. Age at diagnosis, duration of diabetes, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels of patients with T1DM were also recorded. Results: There was no significant difference in PLT, MPV, PDW and PCT values between patients and controls (P > 0.05). PCT and PLT values were higher in patients with poor metabolic control compared to the other cases (P = 0.002, P = 0.005). Positive correlation was found between HbA1c and PCT (r = 0.28, P = 0.01). There was no correlation between HbA1c and MPV, PDW and PLT. Conclusions: Indices of platelet morphology such as PCT, PLT, PDW and MPV were similar in children with T1DM and in healthy controls. However, an increase in PCT values in poor glycemic control group and a significant positive correlation between PCT and HbA1c were observed, suggesting that PCT levels may be an early marker of vascular complication. J Endocrinol Metab. 2018;8(6):144-148 doi: https://doi.org/10.14740/jem537

Lipid profile and atherogenic indices and their association with platelet indices in familial Mediterranean fever

The aim of this study was to investigate lipid profiles and atherogenic indices and their association with platelet indices in Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF) patients. A total of 63 FMF patients and 51 healthy individuals were included in this retrospective study. Inflammatory marker values (erythrocyte sedimentation rate [ESR], C-reactive protein [CRP] and fibrinogen), platelet indices (mean platelet volume, plateletcrit value, platelet large cell ratio, and platelet distribution width), lipid profiles (levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoprotein [HDL] cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol) were recorded. Atherogenic indices (atherogenic index of plasma [AIP], atherogenic coefficient [AC], Castelli's risk indices I and II [CRI I and II]) were calculated using lipid parameters. In FMF patients, while AIP, AC, and CRI I and II values were significantly higher than in the healthy control group, the HDL cholesterol level was significantly lower (all p<0.05). However, no significant difference was determined in terms of the other studied parameters (all p>0.05). In male FMF patients, whereas AIP, AC, and CRI I and II values were significantly higher than in female FMF patients, the platelet count, ESR, and HDL cholesterol levels were significantly lower (all p<0.05). The level of CRP was negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol (r=-0.275; p=0.032) and total cholesterol level (r=-0.313; p=0.014) in FMF patients. HDL cholesterol level was negatively correlated with disease duration (r=-0.269; p=0.049). The use of atherogenic indices may be recommended to identify patients with an increased risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in FMF, especially in male patients.

Evaluation of Hemocytometer Parameters as Potential Biomarkers in Benign Multinodular Goiter and Papillary Thyroid Carcinoma

Background: Hemocytometer parameters can be important biomarkers for some types of cancers and diseases. There is a need to evaluate their biomarker potential in thyroid diseases. Objectives: The current study aimed at contributing to potential biomarker researches to diagnose papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) and benign multinodular goiter (BMG), evaluate the role of these markers to determine the PTC characteristics and contribute to clarification of controversial issues. Methods: The study was designed as a retrospective observational study. The study included 389 patients who underwent total thyroidectomy at private Sani Konukoglu hospital (Sanko University, School of Medicine, Gaziantep, Turkey) due to BMG or PTC diagnosis from November 2011 to May 2017. The study subjects were divided into 3 groups. Groups 1, 2, and 3 were subjects with BMG, PTC, and the control, respectively. The comparisons were made among the groups in terms of hemocytometer parameters. In the group with the thyroid papillary carcinoma diagnosis, the relationship between the hemocytometer parameters and the bilateral tumor presence, single-sided multicentrite, and tumor diameter (size) were investigated. Results: Red cell distribution width (RDW) levels were 15.50 ± 2.39, 15.68 ± 2.16, and 12.5 ± 1.51 in the BMG, PTC, and control groups, respectively. Mean platelet volumes (MPV) were 7.97 ± 1.19, 8.05 ± 1.20, and 7.23 ± 1.39 in the BMG, PTC, and control groups, respectively. MPV and RDW values were significantly lower in group 3 compared with the groups 1 and 2 (P < 0.0001). Plateletcrit (PCT) values were 0.22 ± 0.05, 0.23 ± 0.06, and 0.19 ± 0.05 in the BMG, PTC, and control groups, respectively. PCT was significantly lower in the group 3 compared with the groups 1 and 2 (P = 0.0001). In PTC group, no significant relationship was observed between any of the examined hematological parameters in terms of multicentric and bilateral tumor presence. Conclusions: RDW, MPV, haemoglobin content, and PCT were significantly higher in the BMG and PTC groups. This increase was not specific for either of the 2 groups. No significant difference was found between any of the hemocytometer parameters and the multicentricity and bilaterality of PTC. But, a possible correlation was observed between activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), hemoglobin content, and tumor size.

Platelet indices in preterm premature rupture of membranes and their relation with adverse neonatal outcomes.

Preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM) is not only the most common distinguishable cause of preterm delivery, but is also associated with adverse neonatal outcomes. We determined the platelet indices in PPROM cases and evaluated their relationship to adverse neonatal outcomes. Fifty patients with PPROM and 50 patients who experienced spontaneous preterm labor at < 37 gestational weeks were evaluated. Complete blood counts, birth weights, Apgar scores, presence of sepsis and respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and neonatal intensive care unit admission were recorded. Patients with PPROM had increased mean platelet volumes (9.40 vs 10; P = 0.01), plateletcrit (0.19 vs 0.21; P = 0.03) and a higher frequency of neonatal sepsis (18% vs 38%; P = 0.02). Platelet indices in the patient group were compared according to the development of RDS. Plateletcrit values were higher in the RDS positive group (0.23 ± 0.05 vs. 0.21 ± 0.04; P = 0.04). The cut-off value for plateletcrit was determined as > 0.22, and the probability of RDS increased 5.86 times when plateletcrit values exceeded 0.22 (odds ratio 5.86, 95% confidence interval 1.01-32.01; P = 0.04). A one-unit increase in platelet distribution width resulted in a 1.33-fold increase in the risk of RDS (odds ratio 1.33, 95% confidence interval 1.01-1.77; P = 0.04). Mean platelet volumes and plateletcrit significantly increased and plateletcrit had a predictive value for RDS in PPROM cases. Monitoring plateletcrit may be promising for predicting the development of RDS, one of the most common and serious complications of PPROM rupture.

Evaluation of mean platelet volume in localized scleroderma.

BackgroundLocalized scleroderma is a chronic inflammatory skin disease characterized by sclerosis of the dermis and subcutaneous tissue. Platelets play an important role in inflammation. Following activation, platelets rapidly release numerous mediators and cytokines, which contribute to inflammation.ObjectivesTo evaluate whether there was any relation between localized scleroderma and platelet parameters.MethodsForty-one patients with localized scleroderma were enrolled in the study. The control group consisted of 30 healthy subjects.ResultsThe mean platelet volume level in the patient group was 9.9 ± 1.3 fl and in the control group was 7.6 ± 1.1 fl. This difference was statistically significant (p< 0.001). The plateletcrit values are minimally higher in the patient group as compared to the control group. It was statistically significant (p<0.001). There was no significant difference in the platelet counts between the two groups (p= 0.560) In the patient group, there was no significant relation between the mean platelet volume levels and clinical signs of disease (p=0.09). However, plateletcrit values are higher in generalized than localized forms of disease (p=0.01).Study LimitationsThe limited number of patients and the retrospective nature of the study were our limitations.ConclusionsThis study suggests that platelets might play a role in the pathogenesis of scleroderma. Platelet parameters may be used as markers for evaluating disease severity and inflammatory processes. Thus, there is a need for more detailed and prospective studies.

Increased monocyte-to-HDL cholesterol ratio is related to cardiac syndrome X

Objective: Cardiac syndrome X (CSX) is typically identified with ischaemia in treadmill exercise test or stress myocardial perfusion scintigraphy as well as angina-like chest pain without stenosis in coronary angiography. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the association between cardiac syndrome X and monocyte-to-HDL cholesterol ratio (MHR) which is a new marker associated with inflammation.Patients and methods: A total of 230 patients (105 patients with cardiac syndrome X and 125 normal controls) were included in the study. Peripheral venous blood samples were drawn from all study population before coronary angiography for measuring MHR and other haematological parameters.Results: The patients with cardiac syndrome X were more likely to have higher platelet counts, plateletcrit (PCT), monocyte count and MHR values. Monocyte count and MHR of the CSX group were significantly higher than the control group [0.53 (0.35–1) vs. 0.49 (0.23–0.96); p = .002, .011 (0.006–0.038) vs. 0.010 (0.004–0.034); p < .001, respectively]. HDL-cholesterol levels of the CSX group were significantly lower than the control groups (46.3 ± 10.1 vs. 49.6 ± 11.6; p = .021). Higher MHR and PCT values were found to be associated with the presence of CSX by multivariate logistic regression analysis.Conclusions: Elevated MHR level independently was found in association with the presence of CSX. The value of MHR appears additive to conventional expensive methods commonly used in CSX prediction.

Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, mean platelet volume and plateletcrit in isolated intrauterine growth restriction and prediction of being born small for gestational age

&lt;b&gt;Introduction&lt;/b&gt;: Mean platelet volume (MPV), plateletcrit (PCT), neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) are accepted as inflammatory markers. In this study, we aimed to investigate the changes occurring in these parameters in pregnancies complicated with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and the role of these parameters in the prediction of being born small for gestational age (SGA).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Material and methods&lt;/b&gt;: The study concerned a group of 200 patients with isolated IUGR and a control group of 200 patients without IUGR. Changes in MPV, PCT, NLR, and PLR were analyzed in patients with IUGR and prediction of SGA.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Results&lt;/b&gt;: Gravida, parity, gestational week at birth, and birth weight were significantly lower in the IUGR group. The PCT and MPV values were similar in both groups. Lymphocyte count was significantly higher and the PLR and NLR values were significantly lower in the IUGR group. In the ROC curve analysis, the area under the curve (AUC) values for NLR, PLR, and lymphocyte count were statistically significant (p = 0.005, 0.0001, 0.0001, respectively).&lt;br /&gt; &lt;b&gt;Conclusions&lt;/b&gt;: The NLR, PLR, and lymphocyte count appear to be useful markers for the prediction of SGA newborns. However, their low sensitivity and specificity values restrict their use in clinical practice.

Thrombocyte Functions in Pregnant Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus

Objective: We have aimed to show the changes of number, morphology and functions of platelets in presence of gestational diabetes mellitus comparing to patients that are not diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus in our study. Methodology: The 928 cases in 24th to 28th weeks of gestation followed regularly in the same clinic were included in the study. Mean platelet volume, platelet distribution width and plateletcrit values of cases that are diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus according to American Diabetes Association criteria and that are not diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus were compared to evaluate the platelet count, morphology, functions and activity. Results: Platelet count and plateletcrit values of cases diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus were significantly higher than those that were not diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus. No difference between mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width values of cases diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus and not diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus was found. Conclusion: 75 gm oral glucose tolerance test to prevent false negative results and evaluation of platelet count, function and activity for cases that are diagnosed with gestational diabetes mellitus could contribute importantly to predict and take necessary precautions for possible atherosclerotic vascular and end-organ damage.

Role of Platelet Parameters on Neovascular Glaucoma: A Retrospective Case-Control Study in China.

PurposeRetinal vein occlusion (RVO) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) are two major sight-threatening diseases which may lead to neovascular glaucoma (NVG). The aim of this study was to explore the association between platelet parameters and NVG.MethodsA total of 185 subjects were enrolled for the study from January, 2012 to December, 2015 at the Eye-ENT Hospital of Fudan University. Patients include those with NVG secondary to RVO (RVO group, n = 38), patients with NVG secondary to DR (DR group, n = 47), diabetics mellitus without retinopathy (DM group, n = 52), and healthy individuals (control group, n = 48). A complete ophthalmological examination including visual field examination, A-scan ultrasound, Fundus photography, and measurement of platelet parameters were performed for NVG subjects.ResultsThere was no statistical difference in the mean age and gender among the RVO, DR, and control groups (p>0.05). The mean level of platelet distribution width (PDW) was higher (p<0.001) in the RVO group (15.16±2.13fl) and DR group (16.17±1.66fl) when compared with the control group (13.77±2.99fl). The mean plateletcrit (PCT) value of the RVO group (0.229±0.063%) was also higher (p = 0.049) than the control group (0.199±0.045). In the DR group, mean platelet volume (MPV) value (10.72±1.57fl) was significantly higher (p = 0.002) than the control group (9.75±0.89fl). A similar trend was observed when platelet parameters were compared among the 3 groups with respect to age. The mean level of PDW was significantly higher (p<0.001) in the DR group (16.17±1.66fl) compared with the DM group (13.80±3.32fl). Stepwise multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that PDW (OR = 1.44, 95%CI = 1.149–1.805, p = 0.002) and MPV (OR = 1.503, 95%CI = 1.031–2.192, p = 0.034) were associated with the DR group, PDW (OR = 1.207, 95%CI = 1.010–1.443, p = 0.039) and PCT (OR = 1.663, 95%CI = 1.870–2.654, p = 0.036) were associated with the RVO group.ConclusionOur results suggest that increased PDW and MPV are associated with the NVG secondary to DR group, elevated PDW and PCT are associated with the RVO group. It indicates that platelets might be an important factor in the onset and/or development of NVG.

Impact of Hypoproteic Diet on Liver Function and Thrombopoiesis in New Zealand White Rabbits

Protein under nutrition may play a role in the development and progression of liver disease. The relationship between hypoproteic diet, liver function and subsequently thrombopoiesis has not been fully documented; hence, this study sets out to determine it in normal rabbits. The broad objective of this work is to determine the relationship between a hypoproteic diet, liver function and thrombocyte indices in normal rabbits. Twenty New Zealand White Rabbits weighing 950-1050g were used. They were assigned into two groups (A and B) of ten rabbits each and fed with rabbit chow containing 30% protein for a period of four weeks. Group A animals were changed to a 4% protein feed while group B animals were maintained on 30% protein feed. Blood samples were obtained from the marginal ear vein of the Rabbits after the period of acclimatization (4 weeks) and analyzed for baseline data and twice at eight weeks intervals post-acclimatization. The samples were taken into 2ml EDTA tubes and 5ml plain tubes for the determination of platelet counts, AST, alanine transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphate (ALP), plateletcrit (PCT), platelet distribution width (PDW), mean platelet volume (MPV), Total Protein estimation, Albumin estimation and thrombopoietin assay using standard protocols. It was observed that Platelet counts, MPV, Total protein and Albumin levels were significantly lower (P≤ 0.05) in the rabbits fed hypoproteic diet compared to the rabbits of the control group while AST, ALT, ALP and thrombopoietin levels were significantly increased (P≤ 0.05) in the rabbits fed hypoproteic diet compared to the rabbits of the control group. The PCT values were decreased in the experimental group compared to the control group but were not statistically significant (P≥ 0.05). These findings suggest that hypoproteic diet impaires liver function and induce platelet destruction leading to low platelet count and alteration of platelets indices.

Long-term prognostic significance of admission plateletcrit values in patients with non-ST elevation myocardial infarction.

The plateletcrit has been investigated as a new predictor of cardiovascular risk. The objective of our study was to investigate the role of admission plateletcrit in predicting long-term cardiovascular mortality in patients presenting with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). We enrolled 296 patients with NSTEMI (mean age 59.2 ± 11.8 years; 228 men, 68 women) in this study. The study population was divided into tertiles on the basis of admission plateletcrit values. A high plateletcrit (n = 98) was defined as a value in the upper third tertile (plateletcrit >0.23), and a low plateletcrit (n = 198) was defined as any value in the lower two tertiles (plateletcrit ≤0.23). The median follow-up time was 38 months. In multivariate analyses, a significant association was noted between high plateletcrit values and the adjusted risk of long-term mortality (odds ratio = 12.15, 95% confidence interval = 1.78-82.77; P < 0.001). In the Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the long-term mortality rate was 20.4% in the high plateletcrit group versus 4.5% in the low plateletcrit group (P < 0.001). Long-term major advanced cardiac events (MACE), hospitalization for heart failure and reinfarction were significantly higher in patients with high plateletcrit. Admission plateletcrit is a strong and independent predictor of long-term cardiovascular mortality in patients with NSTEMI.

Association between platelet indices and first trimester miscarriage.

We aimed to measure the effect of several potential risk factors on first trimester miscarriage. A total of 169 cases were included in the present study. Patients were selected from women who had first trimester miscarriage (n = 78) and controls were selected from the women who had given birth at term (> 37 weeks of gestation) to healthy infants (n = 91). Compared with the control group, in the miscarriage group gestational age (8.9 ± 2.8 weeks and 8.1 ± 2.2 weeks, respectively, P = 0.032), mean platelet volume (MPV) (8.8 ± 1 and 9.5 ± 1.1 fl, respectively, P < 0.001), plateletcrit (0.209 ± 0.03% and 0.241 ± 0.05%, respectively, P < 0.001), and platelet/lymphocyte ratio (128 ± 37 and 145 ± 60, respectively, P = 0.027) were significantly higher. Multivariate analysis showed that first trimester miscarriage development ratio was 1.909 times higher when MPV value was over 9.1 fl (P < 0.001); 9.147 times higher when plateletcrit value was over 0.219% (P = 0.022). Receiver operating characteristic analysis was performed to determine diagnostic MPV and plateletcrit values for first trimester miscarriage. MPV value greater than 9.1 fl determined miscarriage with 60% sensitivity and 65% specificity, while plateletcrit value greater than 0.219% determined miscarriage with 64.5% sensitivity and 64.7% specificity. MPV and plateletcrit values were strongly associated with first trimester miscarriage. Platelet indices can be used for prediction of fetal loss.

Mean Platelet Volume is Associated with Diabetic Macular Edema in Patients with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus

ABSTRACTAim: To evaluate the effect of the platelet indices on the stage of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular edema (DME). Methods: In this retrospective study, the mean platelet valume (MPV), Plateletcrit (PCT), platelet (PLT), and platelet distribution width (PDW) of 199 diabetic patients and 76 healthy subjects were enrolled. The participants were divided into four groups. The first group was healthy control; the second group consisted of diabetic patients without DR; the third group was nonproliferative DR (NPDR); and the fourth group was proliferative DR (PDR). Results: Significant differences were found only in MPV and PCT values between patients with diabetes and healthy participants (8.6±0.96 fL vs 8.32±0.9 fL, P=0.011, 0.216± 0.58 vs 0.202±0.52, P=0.038). Comparing the groups, a statistically significant difference in MPV values was found between groups 4 and 1 (8.91±.7 fL vs 8.32±0.9 fL P=0.001) and between groups 4 and 3 (8.91±.7 fL vs 8.42±0.9 fL P=0.014). The MPV values of patients with DME were significantly higher than those of diabetic patients without DME (8.87±0.80 fL vs 8.45±0.97 fL). Conclusion: High MPV values may be an important risk factor for the development of PDR and DME in patients with diabetic retinopathy.

Is Xanthine oxidase activity in polycystic ovary syndrome associated with inflammatory and cardiovascular risk factors?

The aim of this study is to examine women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) to determine the relationship between xanthine oxidase (XO) and oxidative stress, inflammatory status, and various clinical and biochemical parameters. In this cross-sectional study a total of 83 women including 45 PCOS patients and 38 healthy women were enrolled. We collected blood samples for XO and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, hormone levels, cholesterol values, and inflammatory markers. Body mass index (BMI) , waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and blood pressure were assessed. Blood samples were taken for hormonal levels, cholesterol levels, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), fasting plasma insulin (FPI), homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index, quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), C-reactive protein (CRP), white blood cell and neutrophil counts, XO and SOD activities. The basal hormone levels, triglyceride (TG) levels, TG/HDL-C (high density lipoprotein-cholesterol) ratios FPG, FPI and HOMA-IR levels were higher in PCOS patients compared to controls (p<0.05). Platelet and plateletcrit (PCT) values, CRP, and XO activity were significantly increased, however SOD activity was decreased in PCOS patients (p<0.001). XO activity was positively correlated with LH/FSH and TG/HDL ratios, CRP, PCT, FPG, FPI, and HOMA-IR, and negatively correlated with QUICKI levels. In conclusion, XO is a useful marker to assess oxidative stress in PCOS patients. Positive correlations between XO and inflammatory markers and cardiovascular disease risk factors suggest that XO plays an important role in the pathogenesis of PCOS and its metabolic complications.