Polypropylene Plastic Research Articles

Pyrolysis of Polyolefins into Chemicals Using Low-Cost Natural Zeolites

An experimental study of pyrolysis from polyethylene (PE) and polypropylene (PP) has been done by catalytic method and utilization of low-cost natural zeolite in a semi-batch reactor. A low-cost natural zeolite made from acid-treated zeolite with 1 M HCl solution was denoted as HZ. The prepared HZ catalyst was then carried out under pyrolysis reaction at 350, 400, 450 °C for 60 min. The chemical products composition from this reaction was analyzed using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS). According to the analysis result, a low-temperature reaction of pyrolysis could produce wax in all variant types of feed. Utilization of HZ catalyst could reduce formation wax while also increasing the yield of oil products after the reaction. Catalytic pyrolysis using HZ for PE and PP plastic feed yields oil products up to 67% and 70%, respectively. The composition of oil products mainly consisted of paraffin, olefin, and alcohol compounds. The temperature optimum for the catalytic reaction could produce the highest paraffin and olefin products at 400 °C. Additionally, utilization of low-cost natural zeolite could improve pyrolysis reaction's performance from PP to produce yield olefin products from 39 to 62%.Graphical Abstract

Modification Of Gelamai Payakumbuh Through the Addition Of Yellow Pumpkin (Cucurbita Moschata Duch) And Improved Packaging

This study entitled “Modification of Gelamai Payakumbuh through the Addition Yellow Pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata) and Improved Packaging” was conducted in order to empower local roots based on the traditional foods of the Payakumbuh area and also incorporating it with proper packaging techniques using various types of packaging materials to extend product shelf life. The research objective is to diversify the product of processed pumpkin gelamai, a specialty food from the city of Payakumbuh. This involves determining the proper formulation in the manufacturing of gelamai with the addition of yellow pumpkin, as well as extending the shelf life of processed gelamai through treatment and packaging modifications. Research was carried out for six months at the Payakumbuh Erina Gelamai Company and the Laboratory of Food Microbiology at the State Food Chemistry and Agriculture Polytechnic of Payakumbuh. The design used in this laboratory study was a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) arranged in a factorial with two factors, where each treatment was repeated three times. The first factor was modification by the addition of pumpkin waluh at 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%. While the second factor was the treatment of the packaging type by using polypropylene plastic, aluminum foil, dried banana leaves, dried corn leaves, and glassine paper. The results showed that the diversification of product in the manufacturing of processed pumpkin gelamai can enhance flavor, fat content, and extend shelf life. The addition of pumpkin in the production of gelamai can suppress the formation of free fatty acids and the oxidation process during the storage. The best treatment was found to be modification by the addition of 30% pumpkin with the use of aluminum foil packaging, which can extend shelf life for 20 days at room temperature.

Physical Quality of Fresh Cayenne Pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) with Different Types of Packaging during Low Temperature Storage

Cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens L.) is classified as a horticulture product that easly damaged and it can only survive for 2-3 days in room temperature conditions. In maintaining the quality and self life time of fresh cayenne pepper during storage it is recommended to use the packaging and storage at low temperature. The purpose of this study is to analize the effect of packaging type and storage length on the physical quality of fresh cayenne pepper during low temperature storage (5°C). This study used a complete randomized design method with two factors, each of which consisted of 3 levels, namely storage time (4, 8, and 12 days) and type of packaging (vacuum pack, perforated polypropyline plastic, and wrap plastic). The data were analized by using factorial Anova two mix factors test (α= 5%) and was followed up by Tukey test. The results showed that the best packaging was found in perforated polypropylene plastic with the lowest moisture content 76.45%, the lowest weight loss 3.87%, the highest texture (hardness) 0.027 N/mm², the highest lightness (L*) 44.52, the lowest redness (a*) 26.7, the lowest yellowness (b*) 10.97, the lowest ΔE 23.47, and the lowest water activity 0.889. Physical quality of fresh cayenne pepper can last up to 12 days at low temperature storage (5°C) using perforated polypropylene plastic. Keywords: Cayenne pepper, packaging, storage, low temperature, physical quality.

Flows and waste reduction strategies of PE, PP, and PET plastics under plastic limit order in China

Plastic pollution is a global threat. China's plastic limit order has the most significant impact on plastic pollution. However, under the plastic limit order, the change characteristics of flows and waste for polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), and polyethylene terephthalate (PET) (the most widely used plastics in China) are unknown. Therefore, this study explored the flow characteristics of PE, PP, and PET based on material flow analysis, then considered the impact of the plastic limit order on them, and obtained the most effective strategies for mitigating plastic pollution. The study found that if plastic waste is not controlled, the total amount will reach 128.84 Tg, an increase of 116% over 2017. The PET waste was the largest, followed by PE waste. Moreover, the waste reduction under multiple strategies would be the most significant, and the waste of PE, PP, and PET would reduce by 23.32, 16.84, and 28.96 Tg respectively, and the total would reduce by 69.12 Tg, 54% less than the “business as usual (BAU)” in 2030. The second is the alternative strategies, which is 33% less than BAU (reducing by 42.11 Tg), followed by strategies of prohibition (reducing by 24.29 Tg) and standardizing waste management. Notably, PE waste from packaging and agriculture is reduced most significantly under the prohibition strategy. This study expounds on the reduction potential and strategies of PE, PP, and PET waste under plastic limit order, which will provide a scientific basis for promoting the sustainable consumption of plastics and realizing the waste reduction goal.

Quantification of waste in schools: A case study in Danang City, Vietnam

BACKGROUND AND AIM Waste is a major problem that can affect the environment and health; especially in developing countries where there is often a lack of an appropriate system for waste treatment. Understanding the current situation of waste, its common type and amount are important to develop appropriate strategies for waste control, especially in a school-based setting. This study has been conducted to identify common types of waste that are disposed in schools and quantify such waste. METHODS This study used an audit method to identify the common types of waste and quantify such waste in Da Nang city in 2021. RESULTS There were four schools with a total number of 3064 students were participated in this study. The average total volume of waste that schools discharge in a day is 460kg (accounting for 7542 litres of storage volume); in which, organic waste has the largest volume of 261kg (57% of total volume) accounting for 2262 litres (30% of total volume); non-recyclable waste weights 175kg (38% of the total volume) with a maximum volume of 4524 litres (60% of the total volume); recyclable waste has a weight of only 22kg (5% of total volume) accounting for 719 litres (10% of total volume); The remaining types of waste are insignificant. This study also showed the presence of a large number of plastic bags (2128 pieces), multi-layer packaging (2036 pieces), milk cartons (1047 boxes), straws (772 pieces), plastic bottles (670 bottles), foam boxes (531 pieces), plastic spoons (400 pieces), polypropylene plastic cups (327 pieces) in the total waste produced in one day in these schools. CONCLUSIONS Schools are emitting a large amount of waste, significantly plastic waste. Intervention programs in the school-based setting are needed to reduce the amount of waste toward ensuring health for children and protecting the environment.

Effect of different types of sweet potato (Impomea batatas) cultivars on growth performance in woven polypropylene plastic bags

ABSTRACT The sweet potato is one of the exceptionally healthy foods that requires low inputs for production. However, in South Africa the majority of people purchase their staple food, owing to land scarcity. The woven polypropylene plastic bag (WPPB) planting technology, could be a solution for food production in limited spaces. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different sweet potato cultivars on growth performance using the WPPB technology. Compared to the standard (‘Blesbok') cultivar, all the tested cultivars (‘Bosbok', ‘Bophelo', ‘Mafutha' and ‘Mvuvhelo') had higher chlorophyll content. ‘Bophelo' and ‘Mvuvhelo' obtained thickest (0.40 and 0.45 cm) stem diameters. ‘Mafutha' achieved the highest (64.30 cm) vine length and number of shoots (4.64). Noticeably, ‘Mafutha' produced the highest (4.50) number of flowers compared to the standard. ‘Bophelo' obtained the highest (122 g) dry shoot mass and ‘Bosbok' recorded the highest (11.2) number of enlarged roots (NER). Contrary to that, ‘Mafutha' had the lowest (3.4) NER. In conclusion, ‘Mafutha' performed well in terms of the above-ground plant parameters, whereas ‘Bosbok' was best with regard to the below-ground plant parameters. Therefore, planting ‘Bosbok' and ‘Mafutha’ cultivars in WPPBs achieved the best below and above growth performances, respectively.

Influence of drone carriage material on maintenance of storage temperature and quality of blood samples during transportation in an equatorial climate

The disruptive potentials of drones are rapidly growing including for the delivery of blood samples in healthcare. Maintenance of the quality of blood samples is important to ascertain that the drone is a safe mode of transportation, particularly during emergencies and in critical cases. The influence of the drone carriage material on blood samples transportation was investigated in this study. Two phases of drone simulation flights were conducted in Cyberjaya, Malaysia. In Phase 1, the effect of drone carriage material on the internal storage temperature during blood samples transportation was determined. Three types of carriage materials were compared: aluminium, expanded polystyrene (EPS) foam, and polypropylene (PP) plastic. In Phase 2, the quality of drone-transported blood samples was assessed, using the best material from Phase 1 as the drone carriage material. Biochemical and hematological analyses of 60 blood samples were conducted using five parameters. In Phase 1, EPS foam was found to be the best material to maintain a stable and favorable internal storage temperature at mean kinetic temperature ±SD of 4.70 ±1.14°C. Much higher and unfavorable mean kinetic temperatures were recorded for aluminium (11.46 ±0.35°C) and plastic (14.17 ±0.05°C). In Phase 2, laboratory tests show that the quality of blood samples was well maintained, and the mean biochemical and hematological parameters of drone-transported blood samples showed no significant alteration compared to ground controls. Drone carriage material is an important determinant of the quality of blood samples transported by drone, particularly in hot equatorial climates as in Malaysia. The blood storage temperature was best maintained using EPS foam, as evidenced by the favorable average temperature and preservation of hematological and biochemical parameters of the blood samples.

Optimising partial replacement of coarse and fine aggregates with medical PP plastic and HIPS plastic waste to develop lightweight concrete

Climate change, land scarcity, overexploitation of natural resources, generation of vast amount of trash, and the difficulty to dispose off that trash in an effective and safe manner are just some of the issues that modern society is now dealing with. Inevitably, as the need for new construction rises, so does the demand for the materials needed to make new buildings. Incorporating waste components into the concrete will alleviate some of the pressure placed on the virgin building materials and will also contribute to the removal of a sizeable amount of garbage from the surface of the earth. This study has been undertaken to highlight and showcase the utilization of plastic wastes as an aggregate replacement. The study aims to develop a lightweight concrete using plastic wastes. Here, natural coarse aggregates have been replaced by black polypropylene (PP) plastic and natural fine aggregates are replaced with high-strength polystyrene commonly known as HIPS plastic. The literature suggested an optimum replacement percentage of 40% against natural coarse. For a constant workability, a combination of 40% coarse replacement along with 10% fine aggregate replacement was found to be optimum with comparable mechanical properties as compared to conventional concrete. With the inclusion of plastic aggregates into the concrete, a significant weight reduction was observed. When 40% coarse aggregate and 10% fine aggregates were replacement with PP plastic and HIPS plastic, respectively, a weight reduction of 21.17% was observed.

Waste plastic thermal-transformed CNT@Fe–Mo/MgO for free radical activation and bacteria sterilization

Pyrolysis technology has been focused on waste plastics for recycling. However, there is rare research for reusing pyrolysis products (carbon nanotubes). Based on pyrolysis technology of waste polypropylene (PP) plastic, carbon nanotube coated Fe–Mo/MgO nanomaterial (CNT@Fe–Mo/MgO) was prepared by chemical vapor deposition to remove Gram-pathogenic bacteria. The addition of Mo and MgO promoted the cracking of PP plastic and the formation of MWCNTs. The as-obtained CNT@Fe–Mo/MgO can stimulate H2O/O2 to produce abundant ·OH, ·O2− and 1O2 radicals, which probably resulting from the synergistic effect of delocalization of CNTs and REDOX pair of Fe3O4. Consequently, the removal rate of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus by CNT@Fe–Mo/MgO composite catalyst can reach 100% within 2h, without the help of any additional energy or active oxidant. At the same time, the material is remarkable stability and reusability with complete removal of pathogens after six cycles. This study not only provides a method for the synthesis of highly effective sterilizers, but also opens up a new direction for the application of functional carbon nanocomposites prepared by pyrolysis of waste plastics.

Influence of promoting Ni-based catalysts with ruthenium in the dry reforming of polypropylene plastics for syngas production

The catalytic dry reforming of plastic waste is conducted in two-stage fixed bed reactors. The pyrolysis of polypropylene plastics occurs in the first reactor, and the pyrolyzed gases undergo a reforming reaction with carbon dioxide over a catalyst in the second reactor. The wet impregnation method is used to synthesize Ru–Ni/Al2O3 catalysts, which are then calcined and reduced at 800 °C. The results show that as the nickel loading increases, the syngas production increases. Promoting the catalyst with a small quantity of ruthenium significantly improves the plastic conversion into syngas. The dry reforming of polypropylene over 1Ru15Ni/Al2O3 catalyst resulted in the maximum syngas yield (159 mmolsyngas/gPP) at a 2:1 plastic to catalyst ratio. The catalytic dry reforming of plastics is promising for the production of synthesis gas.

An Emerging Solution for Medical Waste: Reuse of COVID-19 Protective Suit in Concrete

With the continuous spread of COVID-19 (coronavirus disease 2019), a large number of medical protective suits (PS) have been used and discarded, causing great damage to the ecological environment. The main component of PS is polypropylene plastic, which will enter the oceans, rivers, and animals with groundwater and will not decompose for hundreds of years. Therefore, this global health crisis not only affects the health and economy of the world’s population now but will also continue to disrupt our daily lives after the pandemic ends. The main objective of this study is to explore an effective method to reduce the biological and environmental hazards of medical waste by combining PS with concrete. Due to the excessive size of the PS, protective suit fibers (PSF) were obtained from PS by cutting. To investigate the possibility of using PS in concrete, a series of experiments were conducted, including a physical parameter test, compression test, split tensile test, ultrasonic pulse velocity test, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and finite element simulation. The results indicated that the introduction of PSF significantly enhanced the mechanical properties of concrete, and the maximum compressive strength and splitting tensile strength increased by 7.3% and 43.6%, respectively. The ultrasonic pulse velocity and density of concrete containing PSF decreased compared with the control group. The images of SEM show that PSF binds tightly to the cement matrix and hinders the propagation of micro-cracks. The introduction of PS into the concrete material leads to the improvement of the mechanical properties of concrete and the improvement of the overall quality of the concrete, which is of great significance for reducing the damage of medical waste to the environment. The originality of this work is that polypropylene fibers acquired from PS were put into concrete for the first time for performance testing.

Experimental investigation on the use of COVID-19 waste in bituminous concrete

The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in unprecedented growth in the production and disposal of PPEs, face masks, gloves, face shields, and disinfectants. Daily consumption of masks and PPE has increased the plastic load on the municipality and very few plastics are taken to the recycling during the complete shut down during Covid-19. Plastic pollution is already a matter of concern that is increasing due to the negligence of humans. COVID-19 health crisis puts extra pressure on the regular waste management systems as increased daily consumption of single-use plastics around the world. It leads to the inappropriate management of waste; including mobile incineration, direct land-filling, and local burning of the waste. As the PPE kits and gowns are made of polypropylene plastic, they are non-biodegradable like any other plastics. Incineration and land-filling of plastics do not help them to degrade, even if it increases the number of pollutants in the form of microparticles.In this paper, we discussed the research procedures to utilize the waste plastic specifically Covid-19 waste which is received from the health care clinics in Bituminous concrete for the construction of flexible roads. The main objective of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of the bituminous mix modified with Polypropylene gowns waste and to compare it with the conventional bituminous mix. This research concentrated on the Maximum Stability and Flow Value of the asphalt mixture with the waste. The measurements of the Plastic of 10%, 12.5%, 15%, 17.5 %, and 20% were utilized as substitutions for the bitumen binder in the mix. From the experimental investigation, it is concluded that the optimum bitumen content is found at 10% Plastic waste with 6.5 bitumen content. Bitumen properties also increase with the addition of PPE waste.

A hydrostatic test study on the waterproofing of an underground ecological granary using a plastic-concrete system

Underground granaries can store grains at low and quasi-low temperatures due to the existing shallow geothermal energy, which can ensure long-term quality and grain preservation. However, water and moisture resistance of groundwater is a key technical problem which restricts its wide application. Consequently, a polypropylene plastic-concrete wall was proposed in this study to solve these problems. First, a hydraulic test was performed on three plastic-concrete specimens using polypropylene plastic (PP) plates of different thicknesses including 10, 15, and 20 mm to investigate the mechanical performance under water pressure loading. The displacement, deformation, interior force, failure mode, and mechanism of the plastic-concrete specimens were comprehensively analysed. Second, a lining waterproof component model was established based on the ABAQUS software. Finally, the interior force adjustment coefficient calculation formulas and interior force analysis method are presented according to the experimental results and direct design method for column-supported slabs. Consequently, the ultimate bearing capacities of the specimens with different PP plate thicknesses were 120, 180, and 170 kPa, respectively, and the failure modes of the specimens varied with the thickness of the PP plate. Moreover, for thicknesses greater than 15 mm, the ultimate bearing capacity of the specimen was mainly dependent on the strength of the nodes. The numerical simulation results correlated with the experimental data, where the stress and displacement of the plastic waterproof components increased gradually with increasing water pressure. The experimental and simulation results of this study can provide a reference for the waterproof design of underground granaries and widen their practical applications.

The Effect of Temperature on Tensile Strength of Polypropylene Plate Material Using Hot Gas Welding (HGW) Method

This study focuses on plastic welding, a technique that employs polypropylene plastic material in 3600-litre reservoir applications. The liquid pressure within it causes hydrostatic pressure in the reservoir. The pressure in the reservoir is approximately 0.01 N/mm2. This study aimed to determine how frequently polypropylene joints leak or sustain damage as a result of welding. Hot gas welding (HGW) with a v-groove connection type is employed (v-grove). Specimens of polypropylene were prepared in accordance with ASTM D638-I. In this study, the input parameters were chosen by varying the welding position and the machine's setting temperature. The results indicated that the required welding temperature for 5 mm-thick polypropylene plastic ranged between 220 and 280 degrees Celsius. In the tensile test on samples S1, S2, and S3, the average decrease in tensile strength of the three test objects was 13.84 N/mm2, 15.98 N/mm2, and 15.21 N/mm2, respectively

Corn Cob Char as Catalyst Support for Developing Carbon Nanotubes from Waste Polypropylene Plastics: Comparison of Activation Techniques.

The future and continuity of nanomaterials are heavily dependent on their availability and affordability. This could be achieved when cheap materials are actively employed as starting materials for nanomaterials synthesis. In this study, waste corn cob char was used as support during the preparation of the NiMo catalyst, and the effect of different char-activating techniques on the microstructure, yield and quality of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) obtained from waste polypropylene (PP) plastics using the chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique was investigated. Properties of the catalysts and obtained nanomaterials were evaluated by XRD, SEM, N2 physisorption experiment, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy and TEM. Results showed improved surface properties of the NiMo catalyst supported on chemically (NiMo/ACX) and physically activated char (NiMo/ACT) compared to the NiMo catalyst supported on non-activated char (NiMo/AC0). High-quality CNTs were deposited over NiMo/ACT compared to NiMo/ACX and NiMo/AC0. It was also observed that different activation methods resulted in the formation of CNTs of different microstructures and yield. Optimum yield (470.0 mg CNTs/g catalyst) was obtained with NiMo/AC0, while NiMo/ACT gave the least product yield (70.0 mg CNTs/g catalyst) of the as-produced nanomaterials. Based on the results of the analysis, it was concluded that utilizing a cheap pyrogenic product of waste corn cob as a catalyst support in a bimetallic NiMo catalyst could offer a promising approach to mass producing CNTs and as a low-cost alternative in CNTs production from waste plastics.

Research on Lightweight Injection Molding (CAE) and Numerical Simulation Calculate of New Energy Vehicle

Abstract In this paper, the new energy automobile front-end frame of a factory is taken as the research object, the polypropylene plastic is used to replace the traditional sheet metal material, and the hyper mesh is used to load the front-end frame’s six loading loads, which are the locking limit tension and the cushion impact force, respectively, pedestrian impact strength, condenser support strength, radiator support strength, oil cooler support strength, ensure to achieve certain mechanical properties before production. The maximum warpage deformation is 1.023 mm by mold flow analysis with Moldflow. It does not meet the needs of manufacturers, so it is necessary to optimize the process parameters. We use the mold temperature, melt temperature, holding pressure, injection time, and holding time as test factors, and take the amount of warpage as the optimization goal. Then this paper uses the orthogonal test method to design the test plan and establishes 25 groups of 5-level 5-factor orthogonal tests. Moreover, the effect of the deformation on the warpage is analyzed. These are all to obtain the minimum warpage deformation and find the optimal combination of process parameters. Verification by numerical simulation shows that the warpage is reduced to 0.632 mm. By analyzing the range and variance, the combination of process parameters is optimized, and the warpage is effectively reduced. In the premise of satisfying mechanical properties, plastic instead of steel, to achieve a lightweight design. It provides correct theoretical guidance for setting the actual injection molding process parameters.

Full-Scale Interface Friction Testing of Geotextile-Based Flood Defence Structures

Open-topped woven polypropylene cellular containers filled with dense granular ballasts are often used as emergency flood defence structures. The effectiveness of these systems is highly dependent on the interaction with their bedding surface. The characteristics of the foundation will often govern the system’s overall resistance to applied loading imposed by retained floodwater. However, the frictional relationship between polypropylene bulk bag flood defences and common bedding surfaces has not been extensively investigated. This study aims to reduce the reliance on arbitrary static friction coefficients by measuring and presenting actual data obtained through quantitative testing. This study presents the results of full-scale field testing to quantify the frictional resistance generated between filled polypropylene bulk bags and seven common bedding surfaces. Findings resulting from testing each interface scenario are expressed as coefficients of static friction. Test interfaces affording high frictional resistance comprised an unmade gravel road (µ = 0.74) and grass (µ = 0.64). Contrastingly, interfaces generating significantly lower frictional resistance were steel floated concrete (µ = 0.40) and polypropylene plastic (µ = 0.40). Test interfaces involving asphalt (µ = 0.54) and tamped concrete (µ = 0.56–0.58) were also investigated. This study recommends new friction coefficients necessary to characterise the structural stability analysis of bulk bag flood defences with greater accuracy. Practical advice based on experimental observation and field design experience is also given.

Study of Thermal Behavior in Mixed Scrap Tires (ST) And Polypropylene (PP) Plastic Using Thermogravimetry Analysis (TGA) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC)

<p>The world's rapid population growth, technological progress, and industrialization lead to an increase in fossil energy demand such as oil, coal, and natural gas. It is feared that this could lead to a scarcity of fossil energy in the future, therefore the use of alternative energy must be considered. One interesting concept to develop is waste to energy by utilizing plastic waste and also tires on vehicles. This is very possible because the two wastes contain elements of hydrocarbons which are also contained in fossil fuels so they can be processed to become alternative energy which can simultaneously reduce the population of the waste due to the increase in the world's population. This study aims to investigate the thermal behavior of scrap tires (ST) and polypropylene (PP) plastic using thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). TGA thermogram showed that the feedstock samples were degraded in the temperature range of 331,97 <sup>o</sup>C to 448,08<sup> o</sup>C. The interpretation of the DSC thermogram that showing information about the glass transition point and the melting point of the feedstock polymer will also be presented in this study. <em></em></p>

The Effect of Comparison of Polypropylene Plastic Waste Composition and Paper Sludge On Fiber Reinforced Composite Panels of Sugarcane Bags on Mechanical Properties

Indonesia's landfills contain 15% of plastic waste. Of the total plastic waste, some are recycled and stored in the TPA. The remaining unmanaged will be wasted into the environment. Therefore, it is necessary to utilize waste so that it does not damage the environment, for example the use of waste into composite boards. Composite board made from polypropylene plastic wastepaper sludge and bagasse fiber. This study aims to see the effect of the composition of polypropylene plastic waste and the effect of paper sludge composition on the mechanical properties of composite panels. Composites are made using the hand lay-up method. The compositions used varied, namely 60% polypropylene plastic waste: 40% paper sludge, 50% polypropylene plastic waste: 50% paper sludge, 40% polypropylene plastic waste: 60% paper sludge with 2% bagasse fiber. Based on the results of research on the composition of polypropylene plastic waste of 60% and paper sludge composition of 40%, the highest tensile strength, compressive strength and hardness values were 11.86 N/mm2, 21.54 MPa and 6.33 HV. And the composition of plastic waste polypropylene by 40% and composition of paper sludge by 60% obtained the lowest tensile strength, compressive strength and hardness of 1.23 N/mm2, 9.77 MPa and 4.53 HV. From this study, it can be concluded that if the composition of polypropylene plastic waste is used more and more and the composition of paper sludge used is less, the value of mechanical properties will be higher. The value of the mechanical properties produced has met SNI

The Effect of Variations of Bagasse Sugarcane Fiber Composition with Plastic/Polypropylene Waste Matrix and Paper Sludge Filler on Acoustic Testing on Composite Panels

Noise can affect a person's health and comfort. Noise can cause mood disorders, anxiety, and stress. One of the efforts to control noise is the selection of acoustic materials. The utilization of these materials can use as panels that can muffle sound, thereby reducing noise. In this study, bagasse fiber, polypropylene plastic waste, and paper sludge were used as materials in the manufacturing of composite panels. The method used is the impedance tube method. The greaterzthe sound absorption coefficient, the betterethe material is used as a sound dampening material. In this study, the composition of polypropylene plastic and paper sludge was 40:60, and variations in fiber composition of 0%,1%,2%,3% of the total weight of the composite panel. The bagasse fiber used is a fiber that has been alkalized to a good mechanical interlocking between the fiber and the matrix.Based on the results, the highestasound absorptionrcoefficienteis 0.98 atea frequency of 8000 Hzsfor a 3% fiber composition. The lowest soundeabsorptionrcoefficient is 0.63 at arfrequency of 2000eHz, for a 0% fiber composition. The more fiber composition used in the composite panel, the higher the resulting sound absorption coefficient. More bagasse fibers can increase the pores and thickness of the composite panel so it can absorb the sound that passes through it. The greater the soundaabsorption coefficient, the better the materialeis used as sound material. All sample variations meet the standard requirements as noise materials in buildings, namely 0.15