Plastic Cards Research Articles

Financial Fraud Detection in Plastic Payment Cards using Isolation Forest Algorithm

The need for technology has always found space in Financial Transaction as the number of fraud in financial transactions increases day by day. In this research we have proposed a new methodology by using the isolation forest algorithm and local outlier detection algorithm to detect the financial fraud. A standard data set is used in experimentation to classify a transaction occurred is a fraudulent or not. We have used neural networks and machine learning for classification. We have focused on the deployment of anomaly detection algorithms that is Local Outlier Factor and Isolation Forest algorithm (IFA) on financial fraud transactions data.

ТРАНСФОРМАЦИЯ СРЕДЫ И БИЗНЕС-ПРОЦЕССОВ БАНКОВСКОЙ СИСТЕМЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦИФРОВИЗАЦИИ

Digital transformation of business processes is main direction of development of all sectors of national economy. The introduction of digital technologies in banking sector contributes to a fundamental change in business processes, strategy of behavior of commercial banks in financial market and development of internal ecosystem. The digital transformation of banking system's business processes aims to introduce modern ways of providing financial services and banking products to public and businesses. Traditional banking services are being transferred to online services, especially when managing accounts, plastic cards, issuing loans, opening deposits, etc. The introduction of new banking technologies allows credit institutions to reduce their operating costs, improve quality and speed of customer service, balance active and passive operations, expand the line of banking products and financial services, stabilize and expand customer base. The development of banking system based on digitalization of business processes is main factor in growth of competitiveness of Russian financial market.

38‐1: Invited Paper: Liquid Crystal Applications in e‐Paper and Security Films: New Trends

Optically rewritable technique based on photoalignment azodye nanolayers technology will be discussed for various applications in labels and plastic card displays, as well as for security applications.

Enhanced Photoluminescence Properties of Polyhedral Oligomeric Silsesquioxane-Based Hybrid Phosphors for Anti-Counterfeiting and Flexible Composite Applications

We have described a novel organic-inorganic hybrid polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) type monomer ligand 2,6-pyridinediamine-bis-propanylheptaisobutyl POSS (PDC-POSS) and synthesized it using rare-earth (RE = Eu3+, Tb3+) doped hybrid complex PDC-POSS phosphors. The PDC-POSS precursor was prepared by (3-aminopropyl) heptaisobutyl POSS, 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid chloride (PDC), and then coordinated with RE3+ using europium and terbium nitrate regents to yield PDC-POSS:RE3+ phosphors. Under UV light (A = 285 nm) excitation, photoluminescence (PL) spectra of Eu3+-doped PDC-POSS were detected at 591, 615, 650, and 693 and those of Tb3+-doped PDC-POSS were monitored at 488, 544, 584, 619, and 647 nm. The thin films with good transmittance were deposited from aqueous colloidal solution of hybrid phosphors on bank notes, plastic card substrates, and cotton fibers to demonstrate the transparency of phosphor thin films, which are feasible for use in anti-counterfeiting applications, which require concealment and identification by the naked eye. In addition, a polymer composite with good flexibility that can be applied to LED chips and display was produced. Finally, it was suggested that PDC-POSS:RE3+ phosphors can be used in various applications.

A Study on Women’s Perception towards Usage of ATM Cards in Madurai City

Women are the major source of economic development in countries like India, now a day’s women are financially independent and equally earnable in family, society has also accepted the changes as well, at the same banking becomes digitalized every individual prefers to use plastic cards instead of cash for the transaction and shopping. ATM card is a basic instrument that helps to withdraw money and deposit money in the bank account. Every banking company offers free ATM that is debit /credit card services to their customer; the objective of the study is to find the usage perception towards women and find the purpose of using ATM cards in their day to day life. The sample size of the study is 40, SPSS 22 software is used to analyze data collected., the hypothesis of the study is valued with the help of One Way ANOVA.

Perlindungan Hukum Nasabah Kartu Kredit dalam Perspektif Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999

At this time the technology has been developing rapidly, as well as means of payment. If the first payment can only be done with cash, current payment already can be done by credit card. When the first buyers and sellers have to meet directly, unlike with the current buyers no longer have to meet with the seller directly. A credit card is a plastic card issued by a bank that provides credit services. But many cases credit card used another person, which is possible because the card is missing or scams online, these problems can be analysed as follows: 1) What kind of legal protection for customers according to credit card Consumer Protection Legislation? 2) How the legal consequences if a credit card were used by someone else? This presentation uses research methods are normative, legal rules and legal norms according are the norm in the form of orders or prohibitions it in accordance with the principle of the law and whether one's actions is in compliance with legal norms with the approach of legislative and conceptual. This research requires a source of secondary legal materials as primary legal materials. Form of legal protection given by the Government in the form of legislation, but the legislation has not been effective. Legal consequences if the credit card used another person's credit card, the customer must still pay the Bills that go up to the customer to report in writing. The Government should streamline the laws and make special laws about credit cards as well as the bank and the customer must be open.

Financial literacy of students of technical universities: analysis of opinions and development prospects

Introduction. The development of students' ability to make informed and responsible decisions in the field of personal finance is an urgent problem. Young people must have the appropriate competencies, have the required level of financial literacy. This also applies to students of non-economic areas of training, in particular students of technical specialties. The purpose of the study is to analyze the financial literacy of students of a technical university. Materials and methods. The material of the research was the data of an anonymous sociological survey of 100 students of Stupino branch of Moscow Aviation Institute (National Research University) of the 3rd and 4th courses of full-time education by filling in Google forms. Results. Analysis of students' opinions showed a positive trend (65% of respondents) for the introduction of financial literacy in the educational process of a technical university. Students admitted (54% of respondents) that they are not aware of all kinds of risks when investing in NPFs, when buying a home, compulsory motor third party liability insurance, taking a loan, when calculating wages, etc. Based on the students' answers, it was found that 62% of the respondents had no experience in solving financial issues. At the same time, 67% of students are not interested in rates on deposits, loans, the key rate of the Central Bank, but daily use the financial services of the bank (plastic cards, payment for services via the Internet, e-wallet, etc.) 97% of students. Conclusion. Today, the financial literacy of the population is fraught with many vital issues and affects the effectiveness of decisions made and the associated risks.

The Object and Its Significance in Crimes of Looting Other’s Property by Using Computer Tools

It should be noted that some types of plundering can damage not only property, but also other social relations protected by criminal law, that is, such crimes affect several social relations at once. In criminal law, crimes of this type are called crimes of a complex nature if the damage is caused to more than one object as a result of the commission of a socially dangerous act.
 The crime of looting other people's property by means of computers is also a crime of a complex nature, ie not only property relations, but also social relations in the field of information technology, and in some cases social relations in the field of public administration. will also be damaged.
 As a rule, in complex crimes, the object is qualified depending on the main direct object, if the objects affected are two or more social relations protected by criminal law.
 In robberies of other people's property using computer tools in most cases, the object of the crime is not in the direct possession of the victim, ie non-cash money is usually kept in a special institution (bank) or device (plastic card) where the money is stored and authorized to carry out certain operations.
 Generally, the property of another is defined as property that is not in the possession or legal possession of the offender. However, such an interpretation does not apply to the crime of misappropriation or robbery of another's property by means of computers, as the subject of the crime uses special powers in relation to the subject of the robbery, ie abuses the trust of the owner and the perpetrator robs him.
 The fact that special powers in relation to property are the main special feature of the crime of embezzlement or plundering is determined by the disposition of the property in the disposition of the criminal law.
 However, non-cash money in a specific account entrusted or pledged to the defendant or at the disposal of the defendant shall not constitute the subject of misappropriation or misappropriation by computer means.
 In this case, the actions of the offender are qualified by the relevant articles of the Special Part of the Criminal Code, which provide for liability for crimes against justice, and are not qualified as a set of crimes under the articles of liability for robbery.

Nanooptical elements for visual verification

This paper focuses on the development of flat diffractive optical elements (DOEs) for protecting banknotes, documents, plastic cards, and securities against counterfeiting. A DOE is a flat diffractive element whose microrelief, when illuminated by white light, forms a visual image consisting of several symbols (digits or letters), which move across the optical element when tilted. The images formed by these elements are asymmetric with respect to the zero order. To form these images, the microrelief of a DOE must itself be asymmetric. The microrelief has a depth of ~ 0.3 microns and is shaped with an accuracy of ~ 10–15 nm using electron-beam lithography. The DOEs developed in this work are securely protected against counterfeiting and can be replicated hundreds of millions of times using standard equipment meant for the mass production of relief holograms.

Effect of Technology in Shaping the Indian Banking Sector

Technology by far has one of the most profound impacts on development of human lives. Banking industry is growing rapidly with the use of various technologies like ATMs, on-line banking, Telephone banking, Mobile banking etc., plastic cards are some of the banking products that cater to the needs of the retail segment and have seen its number grow exponentially in recent years. Researchers have tried to analyse the said impact it has had. The expectation was that an increase in adoption of technology led to an increase in GDP, either because of the convenience of cashless modes of payment or volume of withdrawals/deposits at ATMs and many more.

СТАН ТА ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ РОЗВИТКУ РОЗРАХУНКІВ ПЛАТІЖНИМИ КАРТКАМИ В УКРАЇНІ

The article has considered the development trends and the current state of non-cash payments by payment cards in Ukraine. The system of non-cash payments plays an important role in the development of the national economy: it reduces the share of the economy shadow sector and the stability of money circulation, it develops the modern electronic technologies and increases activity of the population as a participant in the country's banking system. The article has analyzed the growth rate of the number of Internet users in Ukraine. It has also analyzed the number of transactions with plastic cards and the volume of transactions by the amount of payments. It has considered the structure of transactions with plastic cards in cash equivalent and by the number of non-cash transactions and cash withdrawing operations. It has determined that the share of non-cash payments in the structure of payments by payment cards is being constantly increased. It has also determined that the largest percentage of non-cash transactions with plastic cards is carried out in the retail network. Transactions with contactless payment technology have accounted up to almost the third of the total number of transactions. The smallest number of operations is accounted by operations in self-service devices. There is a tendency to increase the number of contactless payments. They are payments using Apple Pay, Google Pay, Garmin Pay, smartphones and smart watches, chipped payment cards. Security, speed and convenience of contactless payments, with using of contactless cards and smartphones and other NFC devices, encourages the spread of cards that support this payment technology. The article has also examined the main types of threats by payment cards using.

ІНТЕРНЕТ-БАНКІНГ У СУЧАСНОМУ СВІТІ

The article considers the trends of banks' transition to online customer service systems and statistics of Internet banking users.The introduction of Internet technologies in the banking sector since the mid-90's has transformed the traditional banking system, changed the structure of banking markets and even the very essence of the bank.During the COVID-19 pandemic, the bank's resources were limited. Employees are overwhelmed with requests from customers, which increases waiting times. To optimize the work, banks can resort to intelligent automation of some processes and use the Internet banking service. After the coronavirus pandemic, which helped change the behavior of banking users, most of them understood the benefits of the Internet and mobile banking. 57% of customers prefer Internet banking after lockdown, because it saves them time, but the digital banking system is also profitable for banks, because when serving customers through Internet banking, the bank has lower costs: no need to pay rent for the premises, there is no need to maintain a large number of employees through the automation of services provided ...Internet banking systems are indispensable for tracking transactions with plastic cards – any withdrawal of funds from a card account is promptly reflected in account statements prepared by the systems, which also contributes to increased control by the client over their operations. In general, the world tends to increase the number of banks with Internet banking, most customers in European countries use this system due to its benefits. The introduction of digital banking is a necessity in modern the world because today Internet banking is one of the most progressive services.Neobanks benefit from traditional banks not only in terms of service quality, but also in other parameters. For example, the average cost of attracting one client for them is $ 1 – $ 38, and for traditional banks – is about $ 200. The cost-effectiveness ratio of traditional banks is 50–60%, but the new generation of banks is catching up with them with a rate of 46%. In digital banking is important to reduce the likelihood of errors in the processing of banking information and increasing the level of secrecy. The quality of this work often creates a position for the bank in the market. A virtual bank can serve a client located anywhere in the world. In the virtual space, the specific features that distinguish banking services from physical goods practically disappear. The nature of the banking services themselves and the factors that ensure their competitiveness in the market are changing.

Актуальные аспекты управления кассовой ликвидностью банка в условиях минимизации налично-денежного обращения

The article is devoted to the problem of the banks’ participation in improving the efficiency of the organization of cash circulation, which does not lose its relevance in the modern economy. In the current situation, despite the growth in the volume and share of non-cash payments, the demand for cash is characterized by stability. The article focuses on the features, advantages and disadvantages of the reducing cash circulation process. It is noted that the primary impact on cash circulation is made by settlements made by individuals. In this regard, the study focuses on the fundamental changes in this direction that are taking place in the banking sector. This is, first of all, the reduction of cash withdrawals from plastic cards and the growth of non-cash payments with their use, the lack of growth of the card market; increase in electronic terminals and reduce the number of ATMs installed. At the same time, it is emphasized that one of the main areas that determine both the liquidity and profitability of the bank is the regulation of cash balances. With the number of banks operating in the economy shrinking, the struggle for customers is becoming more acute. The satisfaction of the latter with the quality of the bank’s services, including in terms of settlement liquidity, should be considered as one of the primary factors that ensure the effectiveness of a significant number of banking operations. In this context, special attention is paid to the specifics of the bank’s actions to optimize cash flows, which requires the use of specialized automatic systems that allow processing data on cash balances and turnover to form forecasts that optimize the collection schedule and reduce ATM downtime due to lack of funds

ОЦІНОЧНІ ПОКАЗНИКИ СТАНУ РОЗВИТКУ КЛІЄНТСЬКОЇ БАЗИ РИНКУ ЕЛЕКТРОННИХ ЗАСОБІВ ПЛАТЕЖУ В УКРАЇНІ

As a result of the rapid development of IT technologies, a new stage of development of the financial services market has begun, which is characterized by extremely high dynamics of financial flows. In Ukraine, an integral part of the development strategy of banking and other credit and financial institutions was the development and implementation of high-tech financial instruments and products to dynamically develop the domestic financial services market and ensure financial flow management in e-business systems, especially electronic payment market. The high dynamics of the payment card market is due to the fact that since 2000 the popularity of electronic payment instruments in Ukraine has grown rapidly due to the convenience and efficiency of their use by consumers, and close connection with the development of the relevant infrastructure. However, since 2015, due to the occupation of Crimea and Donbass by the Russian Federation, as well as the beginning of the reform of the banking system of Ukraine, the number of banks participating in payment systems has decreased, primarily due to loss of territory and reduction in the number of banks and the number of electronic payment holders. The same dynamics was observed for electronic means of payment in circulation. The development of the market of electronic payment systems and their instruments in Ukraine was influenced by a number of factors, in particular transactions with bank payment cards, are extremely profitable for banks, because, on the one hand, expand the range of bank services, making it more attractive to customers; on the other hand they are a powerful source of resources in both foreign and national currencies, and provides intensification of the bank's activities, which ultimately leads to a reduction in the bank's costs, primarily for staff salaries and rent. An important factor hindering the development of electronic payments in Ukraine is the high level of cash use in payments in the country's economy. Keywords: plastic card, electronic payment means, banks which are the participants of card payment systems, operations with payment cards, indicators of the electronic payment means market

Disposable photonics for cost-effective clinical bioassays: application to COVID-19 antibody testing.

Decades of research have shown that biosensors using photonic circuits fabricated using CMOS processes can be highly sensitive, selective, and quantitative. Unfortunately, the cost of these sensors combined with the complexity of sample handling systems has limited the use of such sensors in clinical diagnostics. We present a new "disposable photonics" sensor platform in which rice-sized (1 × 4 mm) silicon nitride ring resonator sensor chips are paired with plastic micropillar fluidic cards for sample handling and optical detection. We demonstrate the utility of the platform in the context of detecting human antibodies to SARS-CoV-2, both in convalescent COVID-19 patients and for subjects undergoing vaccination. Given its ability to provide quantitative data on human samples in a simple, low-cost single-use format, we anticipate that this platform will find broad utility in clinical diagnostics for a broad range of assays.

ІНТЕРНЕТ-ТЕХНОЛОГІЇ: ЇХ РОЛЬ ТА МІСЦЕ У РОЗВИТКУ СИСТЕМИ БАНКІВСЬКИХ ПОСЛУГ

The article examines the role of Internet technologies and their implementation in the modern banking system. Modern information technologies have achieved remarkable development, and, of course, the banking sector is no exception. After all, with the help of the Internet, you can perform most operations from home, being anywhere in the world and spending a minimum of time. Various information technologies began to have a significant impact on the profitability of banks and make them more competitive in the market of banking services, creating an attraction for customers. The system of remote banking services is quite convenient for customers and banks. Therefore, the article examines what factors and advantages of using remote technology for each category. Internet banking technology is taken as the basis in the article, which provides the bank with services for monitoring, account management, and banking operations through the Internet, and the list of operations that can be carried out with its help is also characterized. Analysed which services are most popular in remote banking in Ukraine in 2019–2020. From this research, conclusions are made that plastic cards occupy the largest share. Internet banking also occupies a large part of the market, because it is a versatile tool to increase funds raised and expand the customer base of banks. It is considered one of the most dynamic sectors of e-commerce, as its capabilities are constantly increasing and improving. The research on the use of payment cards has been conducted and the distribution of non-cash transactions by amount and quantity in the first half of 2021 has been analysed. And also the share of non-cash transactions in relation to cash by amount and quantity in 2017–2021 was analysed. On this basis, the benefits of the effective use of Internet technologies for consumers and banks are identified. The use of information technology allows banks to automate their activities and expand services and the customer base in different regions. Nevertheless, there remains a significant part of the distrust of this technology among the population in Ukraine. Therefore, the article considers what reasons impede and hinder the development of Internet banking in Ukraine based on the current economic situation.

The role of GIS technology in determining irrigated geosystems

Irrigated lands of Bukhara, Samarkand and Navoi regions are located in the Zarafshan river oasis and are called geosystems. Assessment of the reclamation state of geosystems of the region has been carried out in the area of classification and mapping for the effective use of land. When classifying a research object, it is much easier to identify, evaluate and apply reclamation measures. In the classification of landscapes, they are grouped in a certain order and there is an opportunity to apply such reclamation measures. So far, the basin-level classification of the Zarafshan river oasis and geosystems has not been carried out. In the scientific paper, landscapes were analysed as a form of geosystem. The geosystems of the region were grouped and summarized for the performance of the reclamation geographical assessment based on water and salt parameters. The classification of the object of study using GIS is of great scientific and practical importance. An analysis of the origin, structure, development and other features of an object when it is classified will determine the scientific significance of the case. Geosystems were isolated using the forms depicted on the relief plastic card in the scientific paper. Measures have been developed to improve the reclamation state of existing geosystems. They reached scientifically sound conclusions.

НАЦИОНАЛЬНАЯ ПЛАТЕЖНАЯ СИСТЕМА РОССИИ: ОЦЕНКА СОСТОЯНИЯ И АНАЛИЗ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ПЛАТЕЖНЫХ ИНСТРУМЕНТОВ

Modern economic reality draws attention to the need to ensure the uninterrupted and efficient operation of the national payment system. An increase in the share of non-cash payments, acceleration of operational processes, contactless payment methods, the use of mobile devices and plastic cards necessitate the compliance of the national payment system with the prevailing realities. Thus, there is a need for a con-stant comprehensive assessment of indicators characterizing the state and development of the national pay-ment system in Russia.

ПРАВА ГРОМАДЯН НА СВОБОДУ СВІТОГЛЯДУ ТА ВІРОСПОВІДАННЯ В УКРАЇНІ: СУЧАСНИЙ СТАН ТА РИЗИКИ ВИНИКНЕННЯ КОНФЛІКТІВ

The article analyzes the current situation with enforcement of the right to freedom of personal philosophy and religion of the Ukrainian citizens, which are guaranteed by Article 35 of the Constitution of Ukraine. Based on the analysis of the current legislation of Ukraine and judicial practice, the tendency of the necessity for citizens of Ukraine to appeal to the judiciary to protect their right to freedom philosophy and religion is investigated. These appeals are also closely related to the exercise of citizens' rights to the protection of confidential information about citizens, guaranteed by Article 32 of Constitution. The vast majority of citizens' claims are caused by impossibility to obtain or make changes to the passport of the Ukrainian citizen in the form of a booklet, as there are inconsistencies in regulations on this issue. In fact, the state forces its citizens to sue, established in a legal act the right of the State Migration Service to legalize and issue passports in the form of a booklet only to those citizens for whom there is entered into force decision that has the obligation to legalize and issue a passport Ukraine of the 1994 model. Defending their constitutionally guaranteed right to freedom of personal philosophy, religion and protection of personal data, citizens of Ukraine refuse to obtain a passport in the form of a plastic card. The citizens right violation guaranteed by Articles 32 and 35 of the Constitution of Ukraine is widespread and needs to be addressed immediately. The authors propose amendments to the current legislation of Ukraine regarding the settlement for believers the issue of passports registration of 1994. The authors of the article pay attention to the situation in society, which is directly related to separation of church and state, and schools from the church on the example of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine proposal to make ethics and moral courses compulsory for 5th and 6th grades Ukrainian schools with the programs "Fundamentals of Christian Ethics", "Christian Ethics in Ukrainian Culture", "Biblical Stories and Christian Ethics", "School of Marital Life" and "Orthodox Culture of Slobozhanshchyna". The authors propose to improve the provisions of Article 35 of the Constitution of Ukraine by referring in the text of the article to Ukraine as a secular state.

The Concept of the Receipts & Promotions Cloud Service: a New Level of Communication between Bank, Store, and Customer

The development of cloud services improving the interaction of banks, stores and customers becomes high-demanded by digitalized society, that is ready to use innovative software products. The Receipts & Promotions cloud service, developed at the concept level, allows to realize the idea of providing complete information of a receipt in electronic form along with printed receipt for the Mir plastic card holders through the "Privet, Mir!" mobile application. Information from electronic receipts accumulated in the Mir cloud will allow the customer to receive personalized bonus offers from the stores — partners of the program, as well as manage the family budget. The introduction of the service opens up the wide opportunities to the stores for communication with customers. The Receipts & Promotions service is able to become the first software product based on the collection and analysis of information from electronic receipts linked to a specific user. The system of flexible personalization of bonus offers and their assessment by customers is unique and not implemented in other software products. It will be possible to consider the display of electronic receipts in the "Privet, Mir!" mobile application in a user-friendly interface as the first fully automated option of providing electronic receipts to a wide range of users.