Plasma Display Panel Research Articles

AC thin-film electroluminescence: A historical overview with a look ahead

50 years ago, television screens used bulky cathode ray tubes (CRTs) with a size limited to about 70 cm in diagonal (28 in.), while flat panel displays belonged to the realm of science fiction. Although the performance of CRTs in terms of energy consumption, size, and color rendering slowly improved, there were numerous applications where flat panel displays would present a tremendous advantage, notably for confined spaces and in portable equipment. Starting from the 1970s, AC thin-film electroluminescence (ACTFEL) was investigated as a high performance alternative to the—also emerging—liquid crystal displays (LCDs) and plasma display panels (PDPs). For a number of years, ACTFEL developed from the phase of fundamental research to commercial products (for monochrome displays) and full color prototype displays. However, due to the fast development and strong cost reduction of LCDs, ACTFEL did not remain competitive and most of the research activities were ceased. The current overview sketches a brief history of the ACTFEL technology, its merits and limitations, and the reasons why such displays still have their use in some niche applications.

Anti-thermal Quenching in Blue Phosphor Ba3YAl2O7.5: Tm3+

Blue-emitting phosphors are essential components of the color plasma display panel (PDP), white light-emitting diodes (W-LEDs), and liquid crystal display (LCD) backlights. However, the thermal quenching effect of the phosphor is a serious problem in practice. In this work, a new kind of blue phosphor Ba3YAl2O7.5: xTm3+ was prepared and the luminescent characteristic and thermal stability were studied. Under 358 nm excitation, the phosphors produced a blue emission peak centered at 461 nm, which is due to the transition of Tm3+ from level 1D2 to 3F4. Moreover, the optimal sample Ba3YAl2O7.5: 0.03Tm3+ shows an anti-thermal quenching effect in which the emission intensity at 210 °C rises to 120 % of that at 30 °C , attributable to the presence of oxygen vacancy defects. The result indicates that the Ba3YAl2O7.5: Tm3+ with excellent thermal stability is a promising blue phosphor for lighting and display fields.

Monte Carlo Simulation of Alkaline Earth Metal Oxides Protective Layers Bombarded With Ne+ or Xe+ in Plasma Display Panels

One of the major components of commercial plasma display panel (PDP) cells is the magnesium oxide (MgO) protective layer. In order to obtain both lower discharge breakdown voltage and higher energy efficiency in the cells, other alkaline Earth metal oxides have been extensively studied as alternatives to MgO. Another important factor in the life-extending of PDP is resistance to ion sputtering. In this article, the Monte Carlo simulation program Stopping and Range of Ions in Matter (SRIM)-2013 was applied to study the behavior of the sputtering yield, vacancies/ions, backscattered ions, ion range, lateral and radial projection, energy loss due to ionization, vacancies, and phonons, of MgO, calcium oxide (CaO), SrO, and barium oxide (BaO) as a function of incident angle for Ne <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{+}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> and Xe <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$^{+}$ </tex-math></inline-formula> ion beam. It is discovered that CaO, SrO, and BaO protective layers increase the number of backscattered ions from surfaces when they are hit by noble gas ions. They resist sputtering and vacancies better than the MgO protective layer.

Effect of VO2+ ions incorporation on paramagnetic behavior of Calcium Borophosphate (CaBP) nanophosphors: A detailed study of structural and EPR properties

Novel phosphor luminous materials have attracted much interest due to their prevalent use in light emitting diodes (LEDs), Field-emission display (FED), Plasma display panel (PDP), and fluorescent markers in biomedicine. Vanadium steel is utilised for crankshafts, bicycle frames, gears, and other things. Solid-state technique is used to produce samples of Calcium Borophosphate (CaBP) Nanophosphors that incorporate VO2+ ions. At various VO2+ concentrations, the structural and EPR features have been investigated. The powder XRD patterns and predicted lattice cell properties allow us to determine that the generated phosphors belong to the triclinic crystal system. Crystallite sizes for VO2+ doped CaBP nanophosphors are typically in the range of 29 nm. The octahedral coordination of VO2+ with tetragonal compression is shown in the EPR data. An increase in the bonding parameters is observed with an icnrease in VO2+ concentration. The Tetragonal and Spin Hamiltonian values and the calculated crystal field support the same.

Market competition, technology substitution, and collaborative forecasting for smartphone panels and supplier revenues

Market competition coupled with technology substitution concurrently drive rapid progress and revolution of panel displays. Today, display technology has evolved from cathode ray tube (CRT), plasma display panel (PDP), liquid crystal display (LCD), organic light emitting diode (OLED), to mini/micro LED (MLED). Although technical characteristics including intensity, contrast, and duration have been significantly enhanced, it is still difficult for global leaders to forecast product sales because of intensive price variations and dynamic technology evolution. This research presents a novel framework to achieve the following goals: (1) Sales forecast for upstream panels is linked to demand for downstream consumer products, (2) Market competition between the top vendors, Samsung, LGD, and BOE, is included to reveal managerial insights, and (3) Technology substitution between OLED and LCD is captured in smartphone panels to estimate stable equilibriums. Experimental findings show the inclusion of smartphones, tablets, laptops, monitors, and flat TVs can significantly improve the performances of sales forecasting. Meanwhile, Samsung and LGD are mutually independent but LGD suffers from the existence of BOE. Lastly, technology substitution between OLED and LCD reveals global OLED shipments are expected to grow by 12.54% while Samsung’s OLED revenues only increase by 3%.

The Highly Efficient Inorganic SrF&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt;:Gd&lt;sup&gt;3+&lt;/sup&gt;, Eu&lt;sup&gt;3+ &lt;/sup&gt;Phosphor for Mercury Free Fluorescence Lamps

The strong vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) radiation absorption and energy transfer mechanism is detected in SrF2: Gd3+, Eu3+ fluoride phosphor. The phosphor is synthesized by a wet chemical method followed by reactive atmospheric process (RAP). The Powder XRD analysis shows structural purity. The photoluminescence characteristics of SrF2:Gd3+, Eu3+ phosphor is studied using the remote access of 4B8 window (VUV beamline) of the Beijing Synchrotron Radiation Facility (BSRF) China. In this paper the mechanism of Energy transfer from the Gd3+ to Eu3+ through the cross relaxation process is investigated. The down-conversion of energy from VUV (142 nm) to visible with quantum efficiency (QE) around 124% has been detected. The PL excitation and emission characteristics of the prepared phosphor advocates it as a prominent material for the applications in mercury free fluorescent lighting (MFFL) &amp; Plasma Display Panel.

Achieving Bright Reddish-Orange Luminescence in CaSnO3 Ceramics through Doping Manipulation

The reddish-orange phosphors of rare-earth activator have attracted intense interest due to their applications in lighting and display devices, including plasma display panel, field emission display and white light diode. In this work, Eu-doped CaSnO3 phosphor materials were prepared and examined. Their X-ray diffraction patterns were used for lattice parameters calculations and show that there was no phase transformation in all doping conditions. XANES studies suggest the stabilization of Sn and Eu ions in 4+ and 3+ oxidation states in the prepared phosphors, respectively. A broad emission band, with a major peak at 614 nm upon excitation wavelength of 395 nm, was observed in the range of 550 to 730 nm at room temperature due to 5D0 → 7FJ transition of Eu3+ ions. The luminescent spectra of the samples showed the intense light emission in the red-orange light region.

Co-solvent-assisted sintering and thermal stability investment of BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ by cationic substitution

Thermal quenching is one of the most critical challenges for the application of materials under high temperatures. Particularly, BaMgAl10O17:Eu2+ (BAM) has been well considered the preferred blue-emitting phosphor in tricolor fluorescent lamps, plasma display panels (PDP), and many other lighting and display devices due to its excellent luminescence efficiency and satisfactory chromaticity. However, its wide application range is still constrained by two major problems. Firstly, the synthesis temperature for BAM is too high. Commercial BAM materials are typically prepared with high-temperature solid-phase methods over 1550°Ctemperatures. Secondly, co-solvent, which is added during the synthetic process to dissolve the solid phases, is prone to thermal deterioration. To tackle these problems, we propose the cationic substitution method combined with co-solvent-assisted sintering to improve the thermal stability of BAM. In the end, we obtained a novel BAM material with a comparably lower synthesis temperature and satisfactory thermal stability. In our work, the thermal stability of BAM synthesized with 5% boric acid substituted by 0.08 mol Ca2+ was significantly higher compared with that synthesized without calcium substitution. Additionally, the activation energies (ΔE) of Ba0.92Ca0.08MgAl10O17:Eu2+ and Ba0.92Sr0.08MgAl10O17:Eu2+ were calculated to be approximately 0.26 eV and 0.35 eV, respectively, indicating that the BAM substituted with Sr2+ is more thermally stable.

VUV and UV photoluminescence of green emitting Sr2P2O7:Tb3+ phosphors for PDP applications

Tb3+-activated Sr2P2O7 phosphor samples were prepared via the co-precipitation route. The phase structure and vibrational characteristics of the synthesized phosphors were confirmed by X-ray diffraction and Fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy, respectively. The prepared phosphor exhibited green emission under VUV and UV excitation wavelengths of 147 nm, 172 nm, and 223 nm. The color-correlated temperature of the proposed phosphor suggested a cool greenish light. Based on our study results, we predict that these phosphors may be applied in green-emitting phosphors, optical display systems, white light-emitting diodes, and plasma display panels (PDP).

Luminescence studies of green emitting CaLa4Si3O13:Tb3+ phosphor for WLED and PDP applications

We prepared CaLa4Si3O13:xTb3+ phosphors by sol-gel method and analyzed their structural features by X-ray diffraction technique. Upon excitation at vacuum ultraviolet (147 nm, 172 nm) and UV (233 nm), the prepared phosphor showed green emission. The color-correlated temperature (CCT) of the phosphor indicated cool greenish light. Therefore, this luminescent powder has potential applications in the green emitting phosphor converted white light-emitting diodes (LEDs), optical display systems and plasma display panel (PDP) applications.

Green-emitting Tb3+ doped LaP3O9 phosphors for plasma display panel

La1−xP3O9:xTb3+ (x = 0.005 ≤x ≤ 0.11) phosphors were prepared via the co-precipitation method. The crystal phase was analyzed by X-ray diffraction and the various functional groups in the host were investigated using Fourier transform infra-red (FT-IR) spectroscopy. The luminescence properties of the Tb3+ ions were studied using photoluminescence (PL) excitation and emission spectra. The PL analyses under ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) excitation both gave almost similar results. The green emission was observed at 546 nm, corresponding to the transition 5D4→7F5 under 251, 147 and 172 nm excitation. The optimum concentration was 0.09 mol. The calculated CIE coordinates were shifted towards the intense green region from the pale white region with increasing Tb3+ ion concentration. The obtained results demonstrated the potential for LaP3O9 as a candidate in lighting and plasma display panel (PDP) applications.

UV and VUV induced luminescence in Tb3+ doped Ca3La3(BO3)5 phosphors for PDP applications

Ca3La3-x(BO3)5:xTb (x = 0.005 to 0.10) phosphors were synthesized by the sol-gel process. The formation of the sol-gel products was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. The samples were also characterized by FTIR spectroscopy to study the nature of bonding between boron and oxygen ions. The luminescence properties of the synthesized products were examined under ultraviolet (UV) and vacuum UV (VUV) excitations. The phosphor exhibited green luminescence with the optimum emission peak centered at 544 nm for UV and VUV excitation. The color purity of the sample with optimum Tb concentration was 63.63 %. The prepared phosphors are a good option for the green-emitting component in plasma-display panels (PDPs).

A novel blue-emitting Sr2Gd8(SiO4)6O2:Bi3+ phosphor with oxyapatite structure

A series of Sr2Gd8(SiO4)6O2 (SGSO):xBi3+ (x = 0.005, 0.007, 0.010, 0.030 and 0.050) phosphors were successfully synthesized by a high-temperature solid-phase route. The X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR), ultraviolet–visible diffuse reflectance (UV–Vis DR), photoluminescence excitation (PLE) and emission (PL) spectra were utilized to evaluate the samples. The characterization results show that the PLE spectra monitored at 440 nm present a broad band with the maximum at 315 nm. Besides, the pure SGSO possesses the space group P63/m crystal structure, in which the low symmetry C3 or Cs sites favor the transition from 3P1 to 1S0 of Bi3+, thus produce strong blue emission. According to the calculation of concentration quenching, the critical distance of energy transfer (ET) between adjacent Bi3+ is 23.48 Å, and it is concluded that the quenching mechanism is attributed to d-d interaction. Eventually, the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) chromaticity coordinates of phosphors are located in blue region, which can be suitable for practical application in the field of the white light-emitting diode (WLED) and plasma display panels (PDPs).

Proton, UV, and X-ray Induced Luminescence in Tb3+ Doped LuGd2Ga2Al3O12 Phosphors

The well-known solid-state reaction method is used for the synthesis of Tb doped LuGd2Ga2Al3O12 phosphor. XRD and SEM techniques are used for the phase and structural morphology of the synthesized phosphor. UV, X-ray and proton induced spectroscopy is used to study the luminescence properties. LuGd2Ga2Al3O12:Tb3+ phosphor shows its highest peak in green and blue region. The two major emission peaks correspond to 5D3→7FJ (at 480 to 510 nm, blue region) and 5D4→7FJ (at 535 to 565 nm, green region). Green emission is dominant; therefore, it may be used as an efficient green phosphor. The absorption spectra of the synthesized material matches well with the spectra of light emitting diodes (LEDs); therefore, it may have applications in LEDs. X-ray spectroscopic study suggests that this phosphor may have uses in medical applications, such as X-ray imaging. The synthesized phosphor exhibits 81% efficacy in comparison to the commercial plasma display panel material (Gd2O2S:Tb3+). The Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity diagram is obtained for this phosphor. The decay time of ms range is measured for the synthesized phosphor.

Structure and tunable luminescence in Sm3+/Er3+ doped host-sensitized LaNbO4 phosphor by energy transfer

The pure Sm3+/Er3+ doped host-sensitized LaNbO4 phosphors were synthesized and characterized. By virtue of the Rietveld Method, crystal structure of LaNbO4:Sm3+/Er3+ were refined, with the occupation of dopants determined. The luminescence properties of Sm3+/Er3+ doped LaNbO4 phosphors were carefully measured and analyzed by diffuse reflectance spectra, ultraviolet and cathodoluminescence (CL). The energy transfer was recognized between host and doped Sm3+/Er3+ ions based on the luminescence spectra and decay lifetimes, which is dominated by electric multipolar interaction. Further, the calculated critical distance is 23.71 and 23.08 Å for Sm3+ and Er3+ doped, respectively. Moreover, the temperature sensitivity of Sm3+/Er3+ doped LaNbO4 was evaluated at the temperature ranging from 23 K to 298 K. By adjusting the concentration of Sm3+/Er3+ ions, the emission colors of LaNbO4:Sm3+ and LaNbO4:Er3+ are varied from blue to pink and from blue to cyan. These results indicate that LaNbO4:Sm3+/Er3+ phosphors can be applied in the plasma display panels (PDP) and general lighting.

Potential Use of Waste Cathode Ray Tube (CRT) Glass as Fine Aggregate in Concrete for Sustainable Built Environment: A Review

Electrical and electronic waste (E-waste) has become a great matter of concern all around the world. Due to the fast growth in kinescope technology, Cathode Ray Tubes (CRTs) are being replaced by lighter and thinner panels with flat displays, namely – Light Emitting Diodes (LEDs), Plasma Display Panels (PDPs) and Liquid Crystal Displays (LCDs). The environmental hazards caused by CRTs waste generation have become an extensive dilemma around the globe. Lead is contained in sufficient amounts in the waste CRTs, which causes serious hazards to human health and the environment. The increasing demand for concrete and natural resources due to swift urbanization has made it crucial to replace the natural aggregates in concrete either as a partial replacement or total replacement, without affecting the concrete performance. CRT waste glasses are abundant in silica, have low water absorption property and adequate intrinsic strength. These characteristics of CRT waste glass make it apt for usage as pozzolan or sand in construction materials. They can be partially or totally replaced for natural sand as fine aggregate in concrete. This review work extends an in-depth summary of literature detailing the reuse of CRT glass waste as a fine aggregate replacement in concrete. The properties such as water performance, thermal property, strength and durability of CRT glass waste-based concrete and their method of manufacturing have also been studied in this paper. Furthermore, a comparative performance analysis of CRT glass waste concrete with other E-waste incorporated concrete has also been included in this paper. The current work shall contribute to enhancement towards sustainability and economic development of CRT glass waste incorporated concrete in the construction industry. Thus, the issues related to CRT glass waste such as contamination of soil, environment and water bodies, health issues caused to living beings and simultaneously, the degradation of natural restricted aggregate resources could be reduced considerably by several folds.

교류형 플라즈마 디스플레이에서 배경광을 줄이기 위한 계단형 경사파형

교류형 플라즈마 디스플레이에서 배경광을 줄이기 위한 계단형 경사파형

Structure, tunable luminescence and thermal stability in Tb3+ and Eu3+ co-doped novel KBaIn2(PO4)3 phosphors

To develop the new luminescence materials, a series of Eu3+/Tb3+ doped novel KBaIn2(PO4)3 (KBIP) phosphors were successfully synthesized using the high-temperature solid-state method. The powder X-ray diffraction data and Rietveld refinement results showed that the phosphors are pure phases. The UV excited luminescence properties of the Eu3+/Tb3+ doped KBIP phosphors were investigated. Based on the UV spectra and decay curves, the efficient energy transfer from Tb3+ to Eu3+ in KBIP phosphor was recognized. In addition, the energy-transfer mechanism is ascribed to the resonant type via a non-radiative dipole-dipole interaction, with the transfer efficiency as high as 79.8%. At 150 °C, the overall emission intensity still maintains 68.5% of that at room temperature. The tunable color emission from green to red can be obtained by adjusting the concentration of doped Tb3+ and Eu3+ ions. The results indicate that the KBaIn2(PO4)3 based phosphors are potential candidate for applications in the plasma display panels (PDP) and lighting fields.

Ultraviolet, vacuum ultraviolet excited photoluminescence study of sol-gel derived CaAl4O7:Tb3+ green emitting phosphor

Paper reports sol-gel synthesis of terbium (Tb) doped calcium aluminate compound with varying concentration of dopant ions. Phase formation and structural analysis is done with the help of X-ray diffraction studies. To determine functional group and bonding present in the prepared material Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) study was done. Ultraviolet (UV), Vacuum Ultraviolet (VUV), Visible (Vis) photoluminescence study was performed which demonstrated green emission under UV and VUV excitations. Synthesized phosphor shows intense absorption in UV region which makes it potentially capable to use in plasma display panels (PDPs) as a green component. Color tuning was observed for changing dopant concentration calculated by CIE-chromaticity diagram.

Product Interface Design for Complexity Management in Assembly Systems

Manufacturing firms are facing the challenge of minimizing variety-induced complexity in assembly systems. One of the effective approaches to complexity management is to reconfigure the assembly system by rearranging its assembly sequence. In order to rearrange an assembly sequence, a design-oriented approach is necessary because assembly is an activity of connecting parts through an interface between them. It means that the assembly sequence in production is restricted by the structure of interface connections in design. In this vein, this paper introduces a new design-oriented approach called interface design approach to complexity management in assembly systems. First, the mechanism of how the structure of interface connections affects assembly system complexity is identified. Then, an interface design framework is proposed for effectively finding an optimal interface structure and its assembly sequence to minimize assembly system complexity. For evaluating the complexity, the operator choice complexity index is adopted and modified for the interface design problem. In the case study, the framework is applied to the interface design problem by using industrial data of a plasma display panel (PDP) family from LG Electronics. The result of the study demonstrates that the assembly system complexity is significantly reduced by the proposed interface design framework.