Piper Betel Leaf Research Articles

Ethnomedicine of Mukundaras (S. E. Rajasthan)-Plant Remedies Used in Guinea Worm (Naaru) Disease

The communication deals with enumeration of plant species used by tribals and rural people residing in the vicinity of Mukundara ranges, Jhalawar district (S.E. Rajasthan), as hebral medicine for Guinea worm (Naaru) disease. This disease is very common in tribal and rural areas of South East Rajasthan, and is communicated through contaminated water. The 12 plant species, along with their plant parts used are - Arisaema tortuosum (Tuber), Aristolochia bracteolata (Root), Blumea lacera (leaf), Calotropis procera (Root), Cleome viscosa (leaf), Ferula asafoetida (Oleoresin Root), Hemiadelphis polyspermus (Root), Piper betel (leaf), Psoralea corylifolia (Seed), Pueraria tuberosa (Root), and Ricunus communis(Root). Enumeration contains, Plant's name, Family, Local name, Voucher specimen and Phenology along with brief notes on preparation of plant drug, the plant part used, amount and periodicity of dosage given.Brief notes on causal organism Dracunculus medinensis (Guinea worm) also given along with etiology, symptoms and mode of infection.

Herbal Innovations in Candidiasis Management: A Comprehensive Review of Aloe Vera and Betel Leaf Extract Based Antifungal Gel

Candidiasis is the most prevalent fungal infection in people, and it is caused by C. albicans, both primary and secondary. Herbal medications are still the backbone of around 75-80% of the world's population, primarily in poor countries, for basic health care due to superior cultural acceptance, compatibility with the human body, and less adverse effects. herbal medicines are made from plants or plant parts and are used to cure injuries, diseases, and illnesses, as well as to promote health and healing. Plant-based medicinal products have a vital part in the healthcare of the remaining 20% of the population, who primarily live in developed nations. Aloe vera (Sanskrit Ghritakumari, Kumara; Hindi-Guarpatha, Ghikanvar) is a herb often known as the "medicinal plant" due to its numerous therapeutic characteristics. Aloe vera, botanically known as Aloe barbadensis Miller, is a member of the lily family. Aloe products are quite popular on the market and are extensively utilized in the skin care, cosmetics, medical, healthcare, and food industries. We are now employing piper betel leaf, commonly known as betel leaf (khaupan). Ayurvedic medicine from ancient India cites various medicinal advantages, including its antifungal properties. Candidiasis is the most prevalent fungal infection in people, and it is caused by C. albicans, both primary and secondary “Abstract” is a necessary section in a research paper. It may be constructed by gathering main points (summary) from each section of the research paper.

Eco-friendly synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnOnps) from Piper betel leaf extract: spectral characterization and its application on plant growth parameters in maize, fenugreek and red gram

ABSTRACT Zinc oxide nano-particles (ZnONPs) were synthesized by the aqueous extract of the betel leaf and characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, XRD analysis, Zeta potential and SEM studies. The ZnONPs had spherical to irregular shapes ranging from 45.8 to 68 nm with a zeta potential of −22.2 mV. The biogenic ZnONPs are used for plant growth properties in maize and fenugreek. The ZnONPs had more than two to three-fold increase in the plant root, height and yield in the plants. Further, the ZnONPs had no significant changes in levels of antioxidant enzymes in the treated plants but slightly reduced the biofertilizers in the plant rhizospheres and no significant changes in the nodulation of Rhizobium spp. Therefore, the biogenic ZnONPs synthesized exhibited excellent nano-fertilizers in non-nitrogen fixing (maize) and nitrogen-fixing plants (Fenugreek and Red Gram) with multiple modes of fertilization in soil and plants.

Development of active packaging film based on poly (lactic acid) incorporated with Piper betel leaf ethanolic extract and its application in the shelf-life extension of tuna meat

Active packaging films based on poly (lactic acid) (PLA) were developed by adding different concentrations (5 wt% and 10 wt%) of betel leaf (Piper betel) ethanolic extract (BLEE). The extract showed excellent antioxidant (80.2 %) and antimicrobial properties (18.05 and 16.05 mm against S. aureus and E. coli respectively). The films' structural, functional, and mechanical attributes were studied, along with their potential for extending the shelf life of tuna meat. The water solubility and water permeability were reduced with the incorporation of BLEE; while the tensile strength showed an inverse relationship with the concentration, 214.5 kg/cm2 (5 wt%), and to 307.6 kg/cm2 (10 wt%). The lipid oxidation in PLA-BLEE-packed tuna meat stored under refrigeration (7 days) showed a significant reduction, which could be attributed to the phenolic migration from the films. The new PLA-BLEE films with significant antibacterial and film attributes could be used in food packaging and to extend the shelf life of commodities that have been packaged.

A study on coating of Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose incorporated with a nano-emulsion of Piper betel leaf essential oil to enhance shelf-life and improve postharvest quality of Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.)

Edible coating films derived from essential oils effectively preserve farm produce, especially fruits and vegetables, and the technology is widely prevalent in improving their shelf life. The present study aimed to reduce the post-harvest loss and extend the shelf life of tomatoes using edible coatings based on Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) containing Piper betel leaf essential oil nano-emulsion as an antibacterial and bioactive compound. It also aimed for optimal extraction of essential oils (EO) from Piper betel leaves which contain various medicinal, antimicrobial, and antioxidant compounds such as chavibetol, eugenol, and other compounds. The essential oils were extracted, and nano-emulsion was prepared by a low-energy emulsification method and incorporated into edible HPMC composite to determine whether the edible coatings of the nano-emulsion of Piper betel leaf could delay the changes that lead to deterioration of the fruit. Results showed that the coatings delayed 5 % changes in color, 8% weight loss, titratable acidity, ascorbic acid content, soluble solids concentration, lycopene, and decay percentage, compared to uncoated control fruits. It was inferred that tomatoes that were coated with 15% nano-emulsion containing dipping solution showed a significant increase in the shelf life of tomatoes up to 8 days. Therefore, it is suggested to use HPMC containing the Piper betel oil nano-emulsion as an edible coating, extending the shelf-life of tomato fruits post-harvest.

Why is Nicotiana tabacum leaf extract more effective than Piper betle leaf extract on mortality of Aedes aegypty larvae ?

The control of the dengue vector is an important step in preventing dengue fever. The use of synthetic pesticides has been proven to cause environmental pollution, death of various living things and resistance. Therefore, research on innovative vegetable insecticides such as nicotiana tabacum leaf extract and piper betel leaf extract is urgently needed. This true experimental research to compare the effectiveness of nicotiana tabacum leaf extract and piper betle leaf extract on the Aedes aegypti larva using a post-test only design with a controlled-group design. The nicotiana tabacum leaf and piper betle leaf were extracted with 96% ethanol to be tested on the 600 third instar larvae. Then, the test was done with three concentrations of nicotiana tabacum leaf extract and piper betel leaf extract, including 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.4%, with three repetitions in each concentration. The most effective concentration and time of nicotiana tabacum leaf extract and piper betel leaf extract on the larvae mortality were analyzed using the Freadman test as the alternative test since the data were not normally distributed. LC 50 and LC 90 of nicotiana tabacum leaf extract and piper betel leaf extract were tested using probit analysis. The results showed that the treatments of nicotiana tabacum leaf extract and piper betel leaf extract affected larvas mortality. The average mortality of larvae in nicotiana tabacum leaf extract was at concentrations of 0.1% (6 larvae), 0.2% (12 larvae), 0.4% (24 larvae) and occurred after 1 h exposure, whereas in piper betle leaf extract, only occurred after 4 h of exposure, with an average death ratio at a concentration of 0.1% in nicotiana tabacum leaf extract (29.33 larvae) and piper betle leaf extract (1.33 larvae). The results of the Probit analysis of nicotiana tabacum leaf extract and piper betle leaf extract at 8 h of exposure obtained LC50 results of 1.2% nicotiana tabacum leaf extract and 9.036% piper betle leaf extract. The LC90 yield of nicotiana tabacum leaf extract was 3.086% and piper betle leaf extract was 14.81%. The results of this study indicated that there were differences in the mortality rates of the two extracts, and that nicotiana tabacum leaf extract had a higher mortality rate than piper betle leaf extract. LC50 and LC90 of piper betle leaf extract had lower values than nicotiana tabacum leaf extract. Piper betle leaf extract requires a higher extract concentration to kill 50% and 90% of test larvae compared to nicotiana tabacum leaf extract.

Morphological growth study of extended branches of silver nanodendrites using piper betel leaf extract

The silver nanodendrites with distinctive morphology used in applications of anti-cancer activity, sensing, opto-electronic and catalyst for production of energy material. This work explains the morphological growth of Silver nanodendrites with extended branches. This report also describes physical properties of silver nanodendrites like morphology, composition, size, interplanar distance, crystallinity, wavelength absorption and energy gap. Silver nanodendrites were synthesized by green method using piper betel leaf extract at 40 °C. The morphology of silver nanodendrites confirmed with SEM (scanning electron microscopy) and noticed growth of extended branches as primary, secondary, and tertiary branches. The TEM (Transmission electron microscopy) images revealed particles size of silver nano dendrites around 50 nm formed. The length of the primary branches was observed as 20 nm. The branches have truncated with a nano triangle and interplanar distance of 0.2 nm dendrites observed in the High-Resolution TEM images. The highly crystalline silver nanodendrites were analysed by SAED (Selected area electron diffraction) pattern, which revealed face centred cubic crystal structure. In the EDS (Energy dispersive spectroscopy) analysis of sample no traces of impurities were found except pure silver. From the optical studies absorption spectra were observed at 436 nm and Energy band gap of material is calculated as 2.84 eV.

Piper Betel Leaf Phytochemical Study and Antimicrobial Effect against Clinical Bacterial Isolates

Herbal resources are useful for traditional medicine, folk medicine, modern medicine, nutraceuticals, dietary supplements, pharmaceutical intermediates, and chemical precursors for synthetic drugs. The antibacterial qualities of the leaves of piper betel, also known as paan, have long been employed in Indian traditional medicine. A methanol extract of Piper betel leaves was examined for its ability to inhibit the growth of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus frimicutes, Escherichia coli, Entrobacter, Klebsiella, and other bacteria (both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria).The extract of Piper betel leaves also contained proteins, glycosides, alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, fixed oil, and lipids. The antibacterial activity was evaluated using the agar disc diffusion method. The outcomes shown that the antibacterial properties of Piper betel Linn's limit the growth of microorganisms in a dose-dependent manner. The outcomes demonstrate that the extract from Piper betel possesses antibacterial activity in the tested system. Secondary metabolites are thought to be produced by this plant. The results also imply that favorable results can emerge from habitually using herbs with historical efficacy claims in scientific study.

Pemberdayaan Masyarakat di Desa Pucak dalam Pemanfaatan Tanaman Herbal Sebagai Gel Antiseptik

Maintaining hand hygiene is one of the most important steps to minimize the spread of disease from viruses and bacteria. But in reality there are still many people who are lazy to do it. In fact, the hands are one of the entrances for germs to enter the body. The use of antiseptics is an effort made to prevent disease transmission other than washing with soap. The practical use of hand sanitizer is a solution to keep hands clean anytime and anywhere. Natural ingredients are one of the right choices in making antiseptics because of the active chemical components that can fight bacteria or viruses, including piper betel leaf and orange peel. The chemical content of piper betel leaf and orange peel has anti-bacterial activity. This service activity aims to provide knowledge about training in making antiseptic gels from herbs, namely with the main ingredients of piper betel leaf and orange peel in partner groups in Pucak village, Bontonompo sub-district, Maros district. The community service activity was carried out in the form of training by providing materials and practices for the use of natural basic ingredients as an effort to make antiseptic gels made from herbs

General neuropharmacological studies of piper betel leaves on mice

The Piper betelplant is an evergreen and perennial creeper which is used in several traditional medicines to cure various diseases. The liquid extract of the plant has been used traditionally in curing inflammationand infection of the respiratory tract, cough, dyspnoea, indigestion,diphtheria, hysteria as well as general and sexual debility. The Indian traditional system ofmedicine has identified the Piper betelleaves with digestive and pancreatic lipasestimulant activities. In the present study, 14-day subacute toxicity assays were carried out.The crude extract did not produce toxic symptoms in mice in dose up to 2000mg/kg. This was also contirmed by hematological and histopathology examination.Piper betelshowed hypotensive, cardiac, and respiratory depressant effectssmooth and skeletal muscles relaxant actions, antimicrobial, fungicidal,and nematocidal activity.Piper betel leaves extract contains large number of bioactive molecule like polyphenol, alkaloids, steroids, saponin, and tannin.Alkaloid is the main constituent which is present in the extract has been detected by the Rf. values which were found from the TLC chromatography (HPTLC) has been performed.HPTLC also has been performed.

Untargeted Metabolomics in Piper betle Leaf Extracts to Discriminate the Cultivars of Coastal Odisha, India.

Betel leaf is consumed as a mouth freshener due to its characteristic flavor, aromaticity, and medicinal values. Abundance of phytochemicals in betel leaf contributes towards unique qualitative features. Screening of metabolites is quintessential for identifying flavoring betel leaves and their origin. Metabolomics presently lays emphasis on the cumulative application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic approaches. Here we adopted different protocols based on the above-mentioned analytical metabolomics platform for untargeted plant metabolite profiling followed by multivariate analysis methods and a phytochemical characterization of Piper betel leaf cultivars endemic to coastal Odisha, India. Based on variation in the solvent composition, concentration of solvent, extraction temperature, and incubation periods, five extraction methods were followed in GC-MS and NMR spectroscopy of betel leaf extracts. Phytochemical similarities and differences among the species were characterized through multivariate analysis approaches. Principal component analysis, based on the relative abundance of phytochemicals, indicated that the betel cultivars could be grouped into three groups. Our results of FTIR-, GC-MS-, and NMR-based profiling combined with multivariate analyses suggest that untargeted metabolomics can play a crucial role in documenting metabolic signatures of endemic betel leaf varieties.

Molecular docking and antibacterial activity of some natural products against cariogenic Staphylococcus aureus

In this study dental samples were collected from different hospitals of Hyderabad. Various plant extracts were assayed for phytochemical analysis and also for antibacterial activity. Anti-bacterial activity was screened against the bacteria isolated from decayed tooth sample. Among the plant extracts Piper betel leaf showed good antibacterial activity against the dental pathogen isolate. The results were supported by docking studies which showed the active molecules of the plant secondary metabolites. Hence, this study reveals that Piper betel can used as potential natural product to fight against dental caries.

Cassava starch film loaded with extract of Piper betel leaf for anti-inflammatory activity

The aim of the present research work was to formulate a transdermal film of Piper betel L. leaf extract along with diclofenac sodium and evaluate its anti-inflammatory activity. The ethanolic extract of P. betel leaf was obtained by solvent extraction method using a Soxhlet apparatus. The P. betel leaf extract was analysed for inhibition of the albumin denaturation and it showed a significant inhibition of the albumin denaturation. The topical film was then prepared by solvent casting method using diclofenac sodium and P. betel leaf extract. The film was evaluated for drug content, thickness, weight uniformity, folding endurance, moisture content, moisture uptake, and barrier properties of the film. The formulated film was thin, flexible, and possessed satisfactory physicochemical properties. The anti-inflammatory potential of the film was evaluated by using carrageenan-induced rat paw oedema method on albino Wistar rats. The anti-inflammatory activity of film was found comparable with standard diclofenac sodium film and exhibited inhibition of oedema within 4 h. This signifies that the combination of P. betel leaf extract and diclofenac sodium has remarkable potential to serve as synergistic topical anti-inflammatory film preparation than simple topical film formulation of diclofenac sodium.

Eggshells biowaste for hydroxyapatite green synthesis using extract piper betel leaf - Evaluation of antibacterial and antibiofilm activity

The present research work reports the biosynthesis of hydroxyapatite (HAp) from eggshells and green synthesis of HAp from eggshells with incorporation of Piper betel leaf extract (PBL-HAp) using microwave conversion method. Although there are several works on synthesis of HAp from eggshells and other calcium and phosphorus rich substrates, the incorporation of herbal extract with HAp to promote antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity is less explored and reported. This research work highlights a simple and cost-effective method for development of antimicrobial biomaterials by combining the concepts of waste management, biomaterial science, and herbal medicine. In the present study, characterization of synthesized HAp was applied by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Proton Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (1H NMR) spectroscopy, and morphological analysis using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). The characterization results indicated that the prepared HAp and PBL-HAp were pure b-type carbonated HAp. The PBL-HAp was checked for its antibacterial activity using the well diffusion method and biofilm inhibitory activity by crystal violet assay against some common pathogens. The antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus and biofilm inhibitory activities against Escherichia coli, Vibrio harveyi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus of Piper betel leaf extract coated HAp (PBL-HAp) were showed to be significant and offered a promising role for the development of potent dental biomaterials.

Formulation and Physical Evaluation of Edible Film Dosage from Ethanol Extract of Betel Leaves (Piper betle L) for Canker Sore Drugs

Canker sore which in medical terms is called aphthous stomatitis is a wound in the mouth that can cause pain and discomfort. Piper betel leaf can be used for strengthening the teeth, cure canker sores, treat the bad breath and stop the gum from bleeding. The research aimed to determine the edible film formula of betel leaf ethanol extract that met the physical evaluation requirements and to determine the effect of variation concentration of sorbitol and HPMC (Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose) on the physical evaluation. Edible film preparation from betel leaf extract is a thin layer made from the basic ingredients of corn starch, sorbitol, and HPMC. In this research, 3 edible film formulas were made with variations in the concentration of sorbitol and HPMC, namely: F1 (5%;5%), F2 (4%;4%), F3 (3%;3%). Data of evaluation results were analyzed statistics by Kruskal wallis method. The results showed that F1, F2 and F3 meet the physical evaluation requirements for edible film dosage. Variations in the concentration of sorbitol and HPMC gave different results significantly influence (p<0.05) on weight uniformity, film thickness, solubility and dissolution time, and did not significantly influence (p>0.05) on the organoleptic test, fragility of edible film, water resistance (swelling) and moisture content.Keywords: Betel leaf extract, edible film, HPMC, canker sore, sorbitol

Greener nanoscience: Piper betel leaf extract mediated synthesis of CaO nanoparticles and evaluation of its antibacterial and anticancer activity

Abstract The present study reports the antimicrobial and anticancer activities of green synthesized calcium oxide nanoparticles. The antimicrobial activity was assessed by agar well diffusion method. Maximum activity was observed for E. coli and minimum for S. mutans. The anticancer activity was determined by MTT assay against the cell line A549. The IC50 value of nano CaO was found to be 92.08 µg/mL. The experimental results suggest the applicability of synthesized CaO NPs as potential antibacterial and anticancer agents.

Study of Wound Dressing Material Coated With Natural Extracts of Leaf Solution Enhanced With Recombinant Human Epidermal Growth Factor (REGEN-DTM 150)

ABSTRACT In the part of work, the leave extracts of aloe vera, piper betel, and neem leaf were prepared and coated on bamboo fiber-based material for wound dressing applications. The fabrics coated with different compositions of the natural extract were enhanced with recombinant human epidermal growth factor (REGEN-D™ 150). The FTIR confirms the presence of alcoholic and phenolic group which were responsible for antibacterial activity. The SEM morphology of the developed dressing material was porous nature and more suitable for the process of curing wound. In antimicrobial tests, the zone of incubation of Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus ranges from 18 to 22 mm. In vivo study using albino rats induced with diabetes reveals that the wound healing rate is increased in the range of 25–54% compared to a negative control group.

Development and Characterization of Wound Dressing Material Coated with Natural Extracts of Curcumin, Aloe vera and Chitosan Solution Enhanced with rhEGF (REGEN-DTM)

ABSTRACT In this work, the leave extracts of Aloe vera, piper betel and neem leaf were prepared and coated on bamboo fiber based material for wound dressing applications. The fabrics coated with different compositions of the natural extract were enhanced with rhEGF (REGEN-D™ 150). The FTIR confirms the presence of alcoholic and phenolic group which were responsible for antibacterial activity. The SEM morphology of the developed dressing material was porous nature and more suitable for the process of curing wound. In antimicrobial tests, the zone of incubation of E. coli and S. aureus ranges from 18 mm and 22. In vivo study using albino rats induced with diabetes reveals that the wound healing rate is increased in the range of 25% to 54% compared to a negative-control group. Overall, the natural extracts coated dressing material has considerable potential and well suited for clinical application that was evidenced through antimicrobial and in vivo study results. Therefore, natural extracts coated on bamboo-based dressing materials are claimed to have helpful nature for wound healing and the current study will be one of the platforms for natural extracts coated material-based medical textile applications.

Antioxidant activity of eugenol in Piper betel leaf extract.

Background:Extracts of Piper betel are used for the treatment of various ailments since ages due to its essential properties like antioxidant, anticancer, anti-allergic etc. In the present study antioxidant activity for Piper betel leaf extract and Eugenol was assessed. Eugenol was taken as marker compound.Methods:Nitric oxide, Hydroxyl radical and Reducing power assay methods were carried out for assessment of antioxidant activity of Piper betel.Results:The antioxidant activity for Nitric oxide, Hydroxyl radical and Reducing power assay at 1000 to 62.5μg/ml was performed. The antioxidant activity of Piper betel leaf extract exhibited the IC50 value for Nitric oxide and Hydroxyl radical >1000 whereas Eugenol exhibited the IC50 value 114.34± 0.46 and 306.44 ± 5.28 respectively, for reducing power assay (RPA) Piper betel leaf extract and Eugenol revealed the RPA value ranging from 0.44-0.08 and 0.53-0.12.Conclusion:The benefits of Piper betel have been mentioned in our ancient texts. Keeping in view the emergence of various diseases and the benefits of Piper betei, there is need that every effort should be made to revive this treasure of nature into our daily supplement.

Efektivitas Perlakuan Kombinatif Plasma Medis dan Ekstrak Daun Sirih untuk Mempercepat Penyembuhan Luka Fase Proliferasi pada Model Mencit Diabetik

The continued increase in the number of people with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) in Indonesia is a serious problem. One of the big problems for people with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is the emergence of complications of diabetic wounds. To date the strategy for treatment of diabetic wounds has been limited to the use of wound dressing, cell therapy and oxygen therapy. The problem is that the strategy is not fully successful. Thus, it is very important to look for new strategies to improve the quality of diabetic wound healing, such as by applying a combination of plasma medicine and local natural product, like the extraction of Daun sirih (Piper betle) leaves. Plasma medicine is a relatively new and multidisciplinary study involving plasma science, biomedical, pharmaceutical and other health sciences aimed at applying plasma to therapeutic health. Plasma is the fourth phase of matter, after the solid, liquid and gas phase. The medical aspects of plasma are related to the ability of plasma to produce biological molecules Reactive Oxygen and Nitrogen Species (RONS). If RONS is controlled in the right dosage it can be efficacious for health therapy. This study intends to examine the effects of combinative treatment of plasma medicine and Piper betel leaf extract for proliferation phase of wound healing in diabetic small animal model. This study used male Balb c mice with acute wounds which were divided into 5 groups, namely groups of untreated normal mice (ND-TP), groups of untreated diabetic mice (D-TP), groups of diabetic mice wounds with Piper betel leaf extract (DS ), the wound group of diabetic mice with plasma medicine (DP) and the wound group of diabetic mice with plasma medicine and Piper betel leaf (DPS). The plasma medicine was treated on wound with condition non-contact style (the plasma jet did not touch the wound) with a distance of plasma jet reactor nozzle to the surface of wound about 20 mm, for 2 minutes, every day. Macroscopic observation of wounds is carried out every day from day 0 to 7. On day 7 it was seen that the size of the wound area for D-P-S was smaller than the other groups. The results of this study indicated that Piper betel leaf extract can potentially be used to optimize the performance of plasma medicine in accelerating diabetic wound healing during the proliferation phase. Further investigation, however, is important to be conducted to study the effect for all phases of wound healing and its mechanism histo-pathologically.