Pig Breeding Complex Research Articles

РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ЭКСПЕРИМЕНТАЛЬНЫХ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЙ НАСОСА-ПОНТОНА ДЛЯ ЛАГУН-НАВОЗОХРАНИЛИЩ

The main methods of preparing organic fertilizers from manure runoff coming from pigbreeding complexes are analyzed. In particular, one of the effective technologies is the technology of homogenization of runoff in lagoons-manure storages. The purpose of the article is to substantiate the design and parameters of the pontoon pump for homogenization and pumping of liquid organic fertilizers (LOF) from lagoons-manure storages. The analysis of studies on the problem of homogenization and pumping of LFO from lagoons-manure storages made it possible to formulate scientific prerequisites for improving the working process of mixing manure runoff in manure storages and pumping them to the place of application to the soil. Their essence lies in the substantiation of the design parameters of the transporting screw - length, diameter and frequency of its rotation. A new design of the pontoon pump is described and a diagram of its location when changing the depth of the lagoon-manure storage is presented. A diagram of the working process for the pontoon pump, consisting of three stages, is developed. The pump flow rate, the total specific energy of the pumped liquid at the pump outlet, and the pressure created by the conveying screw are determined. The analysis of the forces applied to a point in the conveying part of the pontoon pump is performed, which made it possible to determine the trigonometric functions of the angular parameter. Research is conducted using the multifactorial experiment technique. An analytical dependence of the change in the pump pressure on the diameter of the conveying screw casing and the length of the conveying screw at a constant screw rotation frequency is obtained. A graphical dependence of the response surface is constructed. The obtained design parameters ensure the efficient flow of the working process of pumping ZOU from the manure storage lagoon with the specified parameters of pressure and flow rate.

Productivity of young pigs in rearing when the use of feed additives ActivSorbent and PolyActiv as feed adsorbents of mycotoxins

Intensification of pig farming is directly related to the need to provide pig-producing farms with their own feed. Modern conditions of industrial pig farming impose increased requirements on the organization of complete feeding of pigs based on the use of high-quality feed, feed and biologically active additives. The purpose of the research was to study the productivity of young pigs during rearing when use feed additives ActiveSorben and PolyActive adsorbents of mycotoxins in feed. Research to identify the optimal dosage of mycotoxin adsorbents of feed ActiveSorbent and PolyActive and their effect on the metabolism and productive indicators of young pigs was carried out on fi rst-generation hybrid piglets (Large White × Landrace) during rearing, in the production conditions of the pig-breeding complex of Tavla LLC in the Kochkurovsky district of the Republic of Mordovia with a capacity of 12,000 heads per year. It has been found according to the results of industrial testing of the feed mycotoxin adsorbents ActiveSorbent and PolyActive that their use in doses of 1.750 kg/t of compound feed reduced the costs of producing 1 kg of live weight gain by 10.31 and 8.51 rubles, respectively. The level of profi tability in the experimental groups increased compared to the control group when using the additive ActiveSorbent by 18.93 abs.% and PolyActive by 15.24 abs.%. Thus, the inclusion of feed additives ActiveSorbent and PolyActive of feed mycotoxin adsorbents in the diet of rearing piglets under industrial pig farming conditions when recalculated for the resulting products contributes to increased productivity, reduced cost of production and an increase in the level of production profitability.

Влияние теплового стресса на оплодотворяемость и многоплодие свиноматок

Abstract. The study of the effect of heat stress on the reproductive parameters of pigs is an urgent problem all over the world. Knowing the degree of influence of heat stress on pigs of different breeds will allow you to choose economically sound solutions to this problem in specific conditions. The propose is to study the effect of heat stress on some indicators of reproduction of sows of different breeds (large white, landrace, duroc, MAXGRO). Methods. The study was conducted on a large pig breeding complex. The material for the analysis was data on changes in air temperature in the breeding farm in the period from June to August (13 weeks) and data on the fertilization and duration of pregnancy of sows fertilized during this period and the size of the offspring obtained from them. Scientific novelty. For the first time, a comparative analysis of the effect of heat stress on fertilization, duration of pregnancy and the size of the offspring of sows of four breeds – large white, landrace, duroc, MAXGRO – was carried out on a wide population of pigs. Different sensitivity of sows to heat stress was revealed. Results. From the 4th to the 6th week of the experiment, the sows were in a state of increasing heat stress – the average daily temperature during this period increased to 27.68 ± 1.36 °C. The negative effect of hyperthermia on fertilization was recorded with a delay of 1–3 weeks, depending on the breed. The most sensitive to heat stress were sows of the duroc breed – fertilization decreased by 25.00 % compared to the pre-stress period, the least – sows of the large white breed – fertilization decreased by 9.82 %. The duration of pregnancy was not affected by heat stress. As well as fertilization, heat stress had a negative effect on the size of the litter. The most sensitive were sows of duroc and MAXGRO breeds – the litter size decreased by 3.77 and 3.61 heads compared to the pre-stress period, the least – sows of the large white breed, the size of the litter decreased by 0.38 heads. duroc sows are the most sensitive to heat stress, then, according to sensitivity reduction, MAXGRO, landrace and large white.

Морфофункциональное состояние органов иммунной системы у поросят-гипотрофиков в ранний неонатальный период

Abstract. The purpose of the study was to study the state of the immune system organs in hypotrophic piglets in the early neonatal period in an industrial pig breeding complex. Methods. The experiment was conducted in 2023 in a large industrial pig farm in the Voronezh region on piglets of the wounded neonatal period received from sows 3-4 farrowing. The sows were kept at optimal microclimate parameters, taking into account their physiological state, and fed with SK-1 nutritionally balanced feed. At the initial stage of the experiment, the piglets obtained during farrowing underwent clinical examination and weighing. Animals under 800 g are counted as hypotrophic piglets (n = 30), animals over 800 g are normotrophic, respectively (n =30). After the groups were formed, animals were forced to be slaughtered before taking colostrum (n =5) and biological material was taken from each group (thymus, lymph nodes (inguinal), spleen for immunohistochemical studies. Results. The level of mitotic activity in the thymus of normotrophic piglets was 9.4 % higher (p < 0.05) than in piglets with body weight deficiency. In the spleen, the level of mitotic activity had no significant differences and was approximately the same in all animals participating in the experiment. In lymph nodes, the mitotic activity of cells in normotrophics was 12.7 % higher (p < 0.05). A study of positively expressed CD-3 cells in the spleen revealed significant differences, so, in normotrophic piglets, the number of cells positively stained with this marker was significantly higher than in piglets with a body weight deficiency by 10.2 % (p < 0.05). The number of CD-3 cells in the thymus differed by 5.6 %, and in the lymph nodes by 2.4 % between the groups, but there were no significant differences. The cellular expression of “immature” forms of B lymphocytes (PAX-5) in the lymph nodes of normotrophics was significantly higher by 12.9 % (p < 0.05) compared with hypotrophic piglets. The scientific novelty lies in the fact that for the first time a comprehensive immunohistochemical study of the organs of the immune system of piglets in the early neonatal period was carried out using monoclanal antibodies CD-3, Ki-67 and PAX-5. As a result of the experiment, it was revealed that piglets with body weight deficiency have a “depression” of the immune system, which manifests itself in hypoplasia of T-lymphocytes in the spleen, “maturing” B-lymphocytes in the lymph nodes and low mitotic potential in the thymus and lymph nodes.

Infl uence of biologically active additive on meat productivity of pigs

In order to improve the digestibility and assimilation of nutrients in feed by animals, biologically active additives have recently been used in practice. The purpose of the research was to study the infl uence of a biologically active additive on the meat productivity of pigs. The research was carried out at the Agrofi rma Ariant LLC in the Emanzhelinsky district one of the largest pig-breeding complexes in the Chelyabinsk region for the production of pork on an industrial basis. The data on the use of the probiotic Bifi dumbacterin in the diet of fattening pigs have been presented in the article. The probiotic feed additive was given to animals in the amount of 0.05 and 0.10 g/head/day. It was found that the absolute gain in live weight of young pigs in the control group during the experimental period was 69.60 kg, in the 1st experimental group it was 74.16 kg, which was by 4.56 kg more, and in the 2nd experimental group it was 76.56 kg, which was by 6.96 kg more. The average daily live weight gain of animals in the 1st and 2nd experimental groups was higher than in the control by 6.55 and 10.00 %, respectively. The use of a biologically active additive in addition to the main diet had a positive eff ect on the formation of meat productivity of fattened young pigs in the experimental groups. The pigs of the 1st and 2nd experimental groups exceeded the control group in slaughter weight by 5.35 and 7.81 %, respectively, in hot carcass weight by 5.13 and 7.39 %, in slaughter yield by 0.5 and 0.7 abs.%. Economic effi ciency in monetary terms was higher in the experimental groups. The use of Bifidumbacterin in feeding of young pigs made it possible to reduce the prime-cost of 1 centner of live weight gain by 294.14–423.17 rubles and increase the level of profitability of pork production by 7.26–10.74 abs.%.

The main venous vessels of the stomach of a Yorkshire pig in the age aspect

Currently, there are known pig breeds that are characterized by a high rate of growth and development, precocity, fertility, individual structural features, high productivity and economic profitability. The study and breeding of new pig breeds helps to thoroughly analyze the data obtained in comparative, species, age aspects with similar types of farm animals. This fact helps to make a reliable assessment of all economic factors, as well as to analyze the quality of products received from the pig industry. The study was conducted at the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. Cadaveric material for the study was delivered to the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine from the pig breeding complex of the Leningrad Region. To achieve this task, traditional morphological research methods were used, namely: fine anatomical dissection with injection of latex vessels, photographing, vasorentgenography with injection of lead meerkat, morphometry in the "RadiAnt" program. The largest main vessels diverting blood from the pig's stomach are the splenic, left and right gastric veins. Ultimately, they are syntopically connected to the small omentum, passing between the leaves of which they open into the portal vein of the liver. The branch of the right gastric vein branches along the loose type, and the splenic and left gastric veins branch along the main one. When conducting a comparative analysis of the morphometric characteristics of the diameter, the splenic vein will prevail over the left and right gastric veins. The results of the study can be used by veterinary specialists, in particular surgeons, to establish operative access to the stomach of pigs.

Изучение периода выведения флорфеникола и его метаболитов из организма поросят после применения препарата «Флорипрем 40»

Purpose. Determination of the period of elimination of residual amounts of florfenicol and its metabolites in the form of florfenicolamine from the organs and tissues of pigs after the use of the veterinary drug "Floriprem 40". Materials and Methods. The study of the period of elimination of residual amounts of the active substance of the drug was carried out on the basis of a pig-breeding complex in the Kaluga region. For research work, 21 animals (20 experimental, 1 control) were used at the age of 86 days with a body weight of 44-49 kg. The drug was given to piglets during 7 days in a group method in a mixture with compound feed at a dose of 5 kg of the drug per 1 ton of feed. The slaughter of animals (5 animals per term) was carried out 8, 12, 14, 16 days after the last administration of the drug. Samples of muscle tissue (right thigh), liver, kidneys and skin with subcutaneous and fatty cellulose were collected from each animal in individual bags. The content of florfenicol and its metabolites in the form of florfenicolamine in extracts of samples of organs and tissues of piglets was determined by high-performance liquid chromatography; residual amounts of florfenicol in organs and tissues of animals were determined using acid hydrolysis. The study was carried out using a Shimadzu LCMS-8050 chromatography-mass spectrometry system (Japan). Data analysis and processing were carried out using the Shimadzu LabSolutions software package (Realtime Analysis, Postrun Analysis, Quant Browser) v.5.99 SP2 (Japan). Results. The results of a study of the dynamics of excretion of residual amounts of florfenicol and its metabolites from organs and tissues of pigs showed that florfenicolamine accumulates mainly in the liver and kidneys; insignificant levels of florfenicolamine were found in the muscles of pigs. The data obtained indicate a high degree of adsorption of the active substance of the test drug into the organs and tissues of pigs and a long-term presence in the body. Florfenicol and its metabolites were not detected in skin tissues with subcutaneous fat of pigs. An assessment of the elimination time of florfenicol and its metabolites from the body of pigs, carried out using the WT1.4 program, showed that the elimination period of the active substance is: in the muscles – 5 days, in the liver – 14 days, in the kidneys – 10 days. Conclusion. Consumption of animal products obtained after a course of oral administration of the drug "Floriprem 40" in pigs does not pose a danger to human health 14 days after the end of the drug.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЯ ФИТОБИОТИКА «ГЕРБАСТОР» ПРИ ВЫРАЩИВАНИИ МОЛОДНЯКА СВИНЕЙ

The article presents research data obtained as a result of studying the prospects of using the HerbaStor phytobiotic in the cultivation of young pigs. Modern pig farming provides for the use of feed additives with probiotic properties in the diets of young animals, normalizing the composition of intestinal microbiocenosis. In this regard, the purpose of the research is to study the prospects for the use of HerbaStor phytobiotic in the cultivation of young pigs. Phytobiotics are representatives of a new generation of probiotics. Unlike probiotics, the overall effect of phytobiotics on the body of farm animals is associated not only with an antimicrobial effect, but also with their positive effect on digestive processes. Phytobiotics stimulate the production of endogenous enzymes, improving the digestibility and absorption of feed nutrients. Many of them serve as natural flavors that stimulate feed consumption, which has a positive effect on animal productivity. Scientific and production experience was conducted in the conditions of the pig breeding complex of JSC named after Lenin, Beloglinsky district, Krasnodar Territory. The object of research was piglets after weaning, obtained from experimental sows of the Yorkshire breed. From the piglets received, 2 groups were formed at the age of 26 days, with 15 heads each. The experimental young pigs were kept in the same room, in machines, without restraint, separately in groups. The microclimate in the room for young animals met the requirements. Feeding of young animals was carried out with full-fledged compound feeds 2 times a day, access to water was free. The young animals of the control group received the basic diet (OR), the piglets of the experimental group additionally received a feed additive with the HerbaStor phytobiotic, in the amount of 5 g per 10 kg of compound feed. The use of feed additives with HerbaStor phytobiotic in the diet of young animals on fattening allowed to increase the meat productivity of pigs.

Blood supply to the stomach of Yorkshire pigs at the stages of postnatal ontogenesis

The development of the agro–industrial complex of the Russian Federation is one of the priorities in agriculture. Pig breeding is one of the most profitable branches of animal husbandry. This is due to the fact that pigs have a number of biological features that are successfully used to produce products (pork, bacon, bacon). With the intensification of pig breeding, special attention is paid to scientific approaches to improving pig feeding. In this regard, we set ourselves the goal of the study – to study the arterial vascularization of the stomach in Yorkshire piglets and to determine the morphometric data of the organ at the stages of postnatal ontogenesis. The study was conducted at the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. Cadaver material for the study was delivered to the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine from the Idavang Agro pig breeding complex in Nurma village, Tosnensky district of the Leningrad Region. The study was conducted in three age groups, according to the periodization of the life of pigs. To achieve this task, traditional morphological research methods were used, namely: fine anatomical dissection, photographing, vasorentgenography with morphometry in the "RadiAnt" program. During the study, it was found that arterial gastric vascularization in Yorkshire piglets at the stages of postnatal ontogenesis is carried out due to the hepatic and splenic arteries, which are branches of the abdominal artery. The branches of the arteries of the first order branch in a loose type. When conducting a comparative analysis of the morphometric characteristics of the hepatic and splenic arteries and their branches, we came to the conclusion that the diameter of the hepatic artery will prevail over the splenic, and their branches of the first order are diametrically opposed to each other.

Indicators of uterine contractile activity in highly productive sows using supraphysiological doses of oxytocin

The use of large doses of oxytocin to sows in the early postpartum period is indicated to normalize lactogenesis, increase immune proteins in colostrum and transitional milk, prevent postpartum complications, and increase the viability of the offspring. However, the effect of these doses of myotropic drug on the contractile activity of the uterus is not shown. The aim of the work was to study the contractile function of the uterus of highly productive sows in the early postpartum period and the peculiarities of its reaction to supraphysiological doses of oxytocin. Scientific and production experience was carried out on the basis of a large pig breeding complex. The object of the study was highly productive sows 16 hours after the completion of normal labor. The hormonal drug oxytocin was administered intra-muscularly to animals at a supraphysiological dose of 75 units. Hysterograms of uterine contractions were recorded by internal hysterography before and immediately after administration of the myotropic drug, as well as one hour after injection. On hysterograms, spontaneous contractile activity of the uterus in highly productive sows was characterized by regular, short-term contractions of the optimal amplitude. Activation of the contractile function of the myometrium occurs 5-7 minutes after injection of the drug. After administration of oxytocin, an increase in the amplitude of contraction of uterine smooth muscle cells was noted by 39.17% (p<0.05), while a longer period of contractions was recorded by 31.64%. The frequency of uterine contractions increased 2.0 times (p<0.01). The contract index was significantly 3.66 times (p<0.05) higher than that in relation to the initial level. After 1 hour after oxytocin administration, an increase in the contraction period by 5.42% was noted, with a decrease in amplitude by 37.87% (p<0.01) and the number of contractions by 49.91% (p<0.01), the contractional index decreased by 3.05 times (p<0.01) relative to the previous level. In relation to the initial level, the contract index was 20.0% higher. At the same time, an increase in the duration of contractions by 38.78% and a decrease in their amplitude by 13.53% were noted. Consequently, oxytocin at a dose of 75 ME not violate the contractile ability of the myometrium. The response of the smooth muscle cells of the uterus to the supraphysiological dose of oxytocin is maximally manifested in the first hour after the administration of the myotropic drug.

Effect of concentration of deodorizing reagents on the emission of odor-forming substances in pork manure

Complaints on unpleasant odor occurring near pig-breeding complexes and frequently, at a considerable distance from them, are one of the key factors that are limiting the development of pig-breeding industry. Unpleasant odor takes place as a result of anaerobic decomposition of the manure and also due to liquid slurry at the pig-breeding facility. Despite the fact, that the effect of unpleasant odor on human health is under-investigated, the people suffer natural aversion to the smell of manure. The smell of swine manure can be an unpleasant factor affecting the quality of the life of people living in the cities close to the pig-breeding complexes and also have an effect on the price of the real estate located within this area. Tightening of standards regulating the level of odor can also be a limiting factor for this branch of industry. Detailed research aimed at the selection of the optional composition of chemical reagents for deodoration and disinfection of liquid slurry waste at a pig breeding complex is presented. It has been determined, that the effect of disinfection and suppression of unpleasant odor for a long time is provided by the composition of ammonium persulphate, peracetic acid and formalin, the composition that contains sulphuric acid, sodium hypochlorite and sodium hydroxide and finally, the composition that contains sodium nitrite and ammonium molybdate. It was showed that the abovementioned mixtures are effective in relation to the samples of manure in laboratory (the volume of manure taken for the experiment was 200-400 ml), as well as semi-industrial conditions (the volume of manure – 80 liters). The manure mixtures obtained as a result of such treatment are environmentally friendly and can be used for the production of organo-mineral fertilizers.

Arterial vascularization of the nasal mucosa Yorkshire piglets

Pig breeding in the Russian Federation is one of the leading branches of agricultural products. In large industrial pig breeding complexes, part of the diseases in livestock is associated with the respiratory system. This is noted in statistical reports on newborn animals in pig breeding complexes of the North-Western region of the Russian Federation. The nasal cavity in animals performs a number of vital functions, which include heating and humidifying the incoming air. The work was performed at the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. The corpses of Yorkshire piglets aged 10-14 days were used as the test material. In total, seven corpses of piglets delivered from the pig breeding complex of the Leningrad region were examined. Arterial vascularization of the nasal mucosa in Yorkshire piglets is carried out due to the cuneiform artery, which is a branch of the internal maxillary artery. In the studied piglets, the diameter of the cuneiform artery averaged 1.25±0.15 mm– In the nasal cavity, this artery passes through the cuneiform opening, and in the area of the last molar is divided into three branches. The first branch is the artery of the nasal septum, its diameter on average is 0.58 ± 0.05 mm; the second branch is the artery of the ventral nasal conch, its diameter on average is 0.73± 0.06 mm; the third branch is the artery of the dorsal nasal conch, its diameter on average was 0.54± 0.04 mm. Arterial branches of the first, second and third order in the mucous membrane of the nasal septum throughout have a constant diameter and are located parallel to each other.

Skeletotopy of the caudal vena cava of Yorkshire piglets

The venous system of animals always arouses a certain interest among veterinary specialists. On the one hand, there are issues related to comparative anatomy in different animal species, and on the other hand, there is a practical interest put forward by veterinary surgeons and clinicians. First of all, it is certainly the valve apparatus of this system, which gives reason to believe that the valves of the veins not only direct the movement of blood through the venous vessels, but also contribute to balancing the blood pressure in the entire cardiovascular system. The purpose of our study is to study the skeletotopy of the caudal vena cava of Yorkshire piglets, to give anatomical and topographic characteristics of veins, to carry out morphometry of main collectors. To study the branching of the caudal vena cava of Yorkshire piglets, ten corpses aged 28-30 days of life were obtained, which were delivered from the pig breeding complex to the Department of Animal Anatomy of the St. Petersburg State University of Veterinary Medicine. During the study, such methods as: fine anatomical dissection, vasorentgenography, morphometry, photographing were used. As a result of our study, skeletotopy of the caudal vena cava of Yorkshire piglets with anatomical and topographic characteristics of veins was established and morphometry of the main collectors was performed. The topography of the iliac veins in Yorkshire piglets has certain patterns associated with the conditions of maintenance and movement. No valves were found in the common iliac vein, which ensures the outflow of blood from the parietal and visceral branches. A large number of anastomoses were established between the circumferential deep iliac, gluteal and internal sacral veins.

Analysis of Manure Separation Technology Efficiency into Fractions Followed by Liquid Fraction Rectification

Introduction. There is not enough data on the used intensive technologies of processing pig manure into organic fertilizer to accurately calculate the content of nutrients in the final products and, accordingly, their doses of application. Aim of the Article. To determine the efficiency of pig manure processing technology, which includes liquid fraction rectification, by the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of manure and final products, and to trace the redistributing total nitrogen between the final products on the example of a pilot pig breeding complex production. Materials and Methods. For the study, there was chosen a typical pig-breeding complex, where the pig manure processing included slurry acidification, flocculation, separation into fractions in a decanter centrifuge, rectification of liquid fraction, passive composting of solid fraction, and long-term storing of liquid fraction. The technology allows producing three types of end products: solid organic fertilizer, concentrated liquid (ammonia water), and fertilizer solution. Quantity and quality of pig manure and the end products were calculated by the known methods. Experimental studies were performed to compare the results. Samples were analyzed in the analytical laboratory of Institute for Engineering and Environmental Problems in Agricultural Production in 2022. Three replications were carried out for each sample. The experimental data were statistically analysed in MS Excel. Results. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of pig manure, its solid and liquid fractions, and end products were calculated. The difference between the calculated and actual values does not exceed 10.2% that indicates the reliability of calculations. Discussion and Conclusion. The introduction of a new technology at the pig-breeding complex has reduced atmospheric emissions by 10% due to the nitrogen conservation, has reduced operating costs for transporting organic fertilizer by 47% due to the concentration of nutrients in a smaller volume and has improved soil fertility through fertilizer irrigation.

Histological features of the bladder wall in yorkshire piglets in the age aspect

Yorkshire pigs occupy one of the first places in livestock farms in different parts of the world. This is due to the fact that breeding boars of this breed are widely used by farmers and owners not only of large livestock complexes, but also by private farms for crossing with other breeds of adapted pigs to increase the meat indicators of offspring. Pigs of this breed are very sensitive to sudden changes in ambient temperature, often suffer from overheating or hypothermia, which can affect the health of internal organs and body systems and can lead to diseases of the urinary system in general and in particular the bladder. The purpose of our study is to study the features of the histological structure of the bladder wall in Yorkshire piglets in the age aspect. Cadaver material for the study was delivered to the Department of Animal Anatomy of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Russian Academy of Sciences from the Idavang Agro pig breeding complex in Nurma village, Tosnensky district of the Leningrad Region. The study was conducted in three age groups, according to the periodization of pig life: the first stage of development – newborn piglets (1-4 days of the postnatal period); the second stage of development – the first dairy (5-21 days of the postnatal period); the third stage of development – the second dairy (22-45 days of the postnatal period). From the first stage of development, newborn one-day-old piglets were used; from the second stage – animals 10-14 days; from the third – piglets 28-30 days of the postnatal period of ontogenesis. The average body weight of piglets of group 1 is 550 g.; Group 2 is 1800 g.; Group 3 is 3000 g. In total, five piglets were inherited in each age group. The age was determined by the bonus cards and from the words of the chief veterinarian of the farm. To achieve this task, a set of traditional morphological research methods was used: fine anatomical dissection, histological, photographing and morphometry. Histological examination revealed that in Yorkshire piglets, the bladder wall has a typical histological structure and consists of mucous, muscular, and serous membranes. Morphometric indicators of histological structures of the bladder wall were determined and it was concluded that these values of thickness and diameter in males slightly exceed those in females.

О СПОСОБАХ ОБЕСПЕЧЕНИЯ ВОЗДУХООБМЕНА В ЦЕХАХ ЖИВОТНОВОДЧЕСКИХ КОМПЛЕКСОВ

The methods of organization ventilation in livestock complexes are considered. Using the example of a fattening housing for 200 heads of a pig breeding complex, the methods of organizing a mechanical supply and exhaust and natural ventilation system are shown. For this housing, the performance of the ventilation system is calculated by excess moisture and by the content of carbon dioxide in the room. It is established that it is advisable to produce the performance of the ventilation system according to the values of excess moisture, which meets the requirements of the zoo-hygienic standard. The calculation of the multiplicity of air exchange in the animal housing is made, which is 1.5 times and corresponds to the normative design indicators for pig farms. An aerodynamic calculation of the supply and exhaust ventilation systems is made, the number of supply and exhaust ducts for each system is determined, respectively. To visualize the process of air supply and distribution in the SolidWorks program, a model of air flows is built during the operation of a natural and supply and exhaust ventilation system for three cases when the outside air temperature is -20; 0; +20 ° C. It is shown that in warm and cold periods of the year it is advisable to supply prepared air through distribution channels of supply ventilation. To achieve the required parameters of the indoor air in the pig complex, it is proposed to prepare the supply air in the mechanical ventilation system using an air heat pump with the MOVEBIT anti-icing system.

Cellular immunity in sows in various physiological periods in a norm and in case of postpartum pathology

The relevance of this study is due to the need to assess the functioning of the cellular component of the immune system in dynamics in sows before insemination, during periods of gestation and lactation in the norm and in the event of postpartum pathology.The purpose of the research is to study cellular immunity in sows in different physiological conditions. The article presents the results of a study of cellular immunity in sows before insemination, during periods of gestation and lactation in normal and postpartum pathology in an industrial pigbreeding complex. Cellular immunity indicators were determined in the blood: T- and Blymphocytes, theophylline-resistant (Ttfr), theophylline-sensitive (Ttfh) lymphocytes and their ratio (Ttfr/Ttfh) in accordance with the "Methodological recommendations for assessing and correcting the immune status of animals" .Statistical processing of the obtained data was carried out using the program Statistica v6.1, reliability assessment - Student's test. It has been established that before insemination, diseased animals have reduced cellular adaptive immunity compared to clinically healthy sows. With the onset of gestation (37-39 days), sows of both groups showed suppression of cellular immunity, which is necessary to ensure the tolerance of the mother's body to fetal alloantigens, the normal course of pregnancy and fetal development, which was more significant in diseased animals. In the second half of gestation (78-80 days), the marked increase in cellular adaptive immunity in sows of both groups is associated with the effect of antigens of the administered vaccines, which was more pronounced in clinically healthy animals. During lactation, the cellular immune response to the administered vaccines in diseased sows was also less significant.

Histological patterns of kidney structure in newborn one-day-old Yorkshire piglets

Questions related to the peculiarities of the structure of the kidneys in productive animals are currently relevant, and affect such an apparatus as urination. The study of the structure of the organs of urination, in particular, the kidneys, their anatomy and histology in animals in species, breed and age aspects, expand the field of knowledge of veterinary specialists. This knowledge allows you to select an individual approach to a specific animal in the treatment of kidney pathology, thanks to the study of embryogenesis and the peculiarities of the development of this organ in neonatal animals. The aim of the study was to study the features of the histological structure of the kidneys in newborn one–day-old Yorkshire piglets, as well as to establish morphometric parameters of histostructures of this organ. Cadaveric material for the study was delivered to the Department of Animal Anatomy of the SPbGUVM from the Idavang Agro pig breeding complex in Nurma village, Tosnensky district of the Leningrad region. The objects for this study were newborn one-day Yorkshire piglets in the number of five males and females. The age was determined by the bonus cards and from the words of the chief veterinarian of the farm.To achieve this task, a complex of traditional anatomical research methods was used: fine anatomical dissection, histological, photographing and morphometry. Histological examination revealed that in Yorkshire piglets, the kidney on the incision has a cortical and cerebral substance, which is a densely intertwined compound consisting of epithelial tubules and tubules, between which renal corpuscles and blood vessels of various types are visualized. According to the results of the histological study, morphometric data for each anatomical structure in female and male piglets of this group are presented.

Experience in the introduction of scientific, information, technological innovations in the production process of the pig breeding complex

Purpose: assessment of the introduction of innovations in the conditions of a pig -breeding complex.A special role in increasing the profitability of agricultural production is given to the use of digital technologies. The authors organized a local network that provides the collection of information about animals throughout the entire period of their use, as a result of which the database is constantly updated with new information. The problem of the correct organization of the in-line process of reproduction of the herd and the uniform production of young animals of the desired condition was solved by scientists of the Don State Agrarian University using the system of index evaluation of young animals, which is implemented in the ACC program package. The complex of ACC programs allows you to keep records of the presence and condition of breeding and commercial pigs; compile reports on the movement of the herd for a day, month, quarter, year; promptly and comprehensively analyze the productivity of animals, timely detect and eliminate deviations in technological indicators; optimize the reproduction process to reduce the number of sow failures; timely identification of sows not coming to hunt; accounting for abortions, causes of death, production rhythm disturbances; accounting for the quantity and quality of sperm production of boars-producers. All this makes it possible to reduce unproductive technological downtime and reduce losses in the production of final products, identify the causes of rejection, conduct a reliable assessment of the quality of work of insemination technicians, animal care operators, as well as analyze veterinary measures. The use of new methods for assessing the breeding value of animals, index selection based on the use of computer technology creates ample opportunities for further improvement of breeding management systems. The positive experience of step-by–step introduction of breeding methods and comprehensive work on a closed circuit "production - science – IT solutions - production" allows you to increase not only the quantity of products, but also its quality.

НЕСПЕЦИФИЧЕСКАЯ ГУМОРАЛЬНАЯ И КЛЕТОЧНАЯ ЗАЩИТА В РАЗНЫЕ ПЕРИОДЫ РЕПРОДУКТИВНОГО ЦИКЛА У СВИНОМАТОК С ПОСЛЕРОДОВОЙ ПАТОЛОГИЕЙ

The article presents the results of the study on non-specific resistance in sows at different periods of the repro-ductive cycle in the conditions of an industrial pig-breeding complex. It has been established that in the animals that fell ill after farrowing, before insemination and during gestation, the level of humoral and cellular defense is lower than that in clinically healthy sows, indicating a risk of inflammatory processes developing in the reproductive system, which manifest themselves clinically as endometritis and MMA after farrowing. During lactation, sows that had postpartum diseases also had lower nonspecific resistance indicators than clinically healthy animals.