Piezo-optic Coefficients Research Articles

Refringency laws and optical properties of water at various temperatures. II. Macroscopic approach

For pt.I see ibid., vol.17, p.3493 (1984). Expressing the elasto-optical coefficient of a fluid through its refractive index, one obtains relations between the refractive index, its derivatives relative to temperature and pressure, and various thermodynamic parameters of the liquid. Study of the particular case of water allows the author to express these various relationships in a more convenient way. One is then close to the Eisenberg formulae (with the Gladstone-Dale refringence function instead of the Lorentz-Lorenz function). The addition of one more term in the equation of the isothermal piezo-optical coefficient gives a very good agreement with experimental data. The equations obtained may be extended to the case of any liquid.

Rayleigh and Brillouin scattering in aqueous electrolyte solutions

The linearized hydrodynamic description of concentration fluctuations in ionic solutions can be used to predict the Rayleigh and Brillouin light scattering. Using new experimental results for solutions of potassium fluoride and potassium bromide, we critically examine and test the hydrodynamic description for a wide range of concentrations. Approximations which are used to calculate the piezooptic coefficient are shown to be inaccurate for all but low concentrations (less than 1 m). The previous practice of ignoring terms containing (∂n/∂T) is found to be wrong, and these terms are shown to be important for these solutions. The information required to obtain mean activity coefficient data from light-scattering results is also outlined.

Electric-field-induced ionic contributions to photoelasticity of diamond

It is shown from lattice dynamical calculations that an externally applied field can induce measurable changes in the photoelastic constants and the piezo-optical coefficients of diamond, in the region of the long-wavelength optical phonon at 1332 cm-1. This in turn may lead to narrow resonances or antiresonances of the Brillouin scattering efficiency when the incident radiation is chosen to be in the vicinity of the phonon frequency. The field may also induce Brillouin scattering in configurations which are normally forbidden. In all these calculations the phonon linewidth is taken into account explicitly. Assuming a value of 103 esu for the electric field, the complete dispersion curves are plotted in the region of 1332 cm-1, for the photoelasticity constants, the elasto-optical coefficients and the Brillouin scattering efficiency in allowed and forbidden configurations.

The isothermal piezooptic coefficient and compressibility of some substituted benzenes and cyclic compounds

The isothermal piezooptic coefficient (∂n∂p)T of 13 aromatic compounds, of seven cyclic alkanes and alkenes, and of four other compounds has been measured interferometrically at 632.8 nm by centrifugation at two temperatures, 293.15 and 298.15 K. Isothermal compressibilities κT of these liquids were also measured by the ultracentrifugal method. The isotropic part of light scattered by the liquids was calculated, as was the density coefficient of polarizability. Linear relations were observed between (∂n∂p)T and κT within homologous series.

Quantitative photoelastic measurement of residual stress in LEC grown GaP crystals

The characterization of GaP crystals, grown by the liquid encapsulated Czochralski method, has been accomplished by means of a quantitative photoelastic technique. Two kinds of radiation with wavelengths, 0.55 and 1.1 μm, are effectively used to determine the isochromatic line corresponding to the zeroth order of retardation. Residual stress is determined by using piezo-optical coefficients calculated in various coordinate systems. It has been found that the diameter control of crystals is effective to reduce the residual stress, and also that the crystallographic symmetry of principal stress lines is related with the pulling direction of the crystal.

Piezooptic coefficients of four neodymium-doped laser glasses

The stress-induced birefringence was measured for the phosphate glasses Q-88, LG-812, E-181, and LHG-10. (AIP)

Piezobirefringence of PMMA: Optical and mechanical relaxations and influence of temperature

Several optical and piezo-optical properties of PMMA have been studied and results are now presented. The refractive index shows a small dispersion for wavelengths in the visible region and decreases considerably for temperatures T>50° C. A similar behaviour is shown by the piezo-optical coefficient. Its dispersion in the visible and near ultraviolet has been analysed in the light of the models proposed by Kuhm and Grumm, and Wemple and Di Domenico. From them the influence of temperature on the molecular polarizability and on the “interband transition”, energy splitting has been obtained. Several differences have been found between the optical and the mechanical relaxations. Their temporal dependence seems to obey simple logarithmic laws although they depend on temperature. At temperatures higher than the glass transition temperature Tg, the above picture is seriously modified. A qualitative explanation of this behaviour is tentatively proposed.

The isothermal piezooptic coefficient of n-alkanes, n-alcohols, and some substituted benzenes

The isothermal piezooptic coefficients ( ∂n ∂p ) T of 27 pure liquids have been measured with an ultracentrifuge equipped with laser optics, in good agreement with available literature values. The isotropic part ( R 1s) of light scattered by pure liquids has also been calculated. A decrease in R 1s has been observed with increasing chain length of n-alkanes. For n-alcohols R 1s remains constant at least up to nonanol.

Measurement Of The Photoelastic Contents Of Optical Materials

The photoelastic constants describe the effect of stress or strain on the refractive indices of materials. These coefficients are important in several applications. They are required for the computation of stress-induced optical distortion in optical systems such as high-power laser systems and they are needed for computing figures of merit for materials to be used in acousto-optic devices. Interferometric and polarimetric techniques are described for measuring piezo-optic coefficients under static load-ing conditions. Acousto-optic and Brillouin scattering techniques are described for measuring elasto-optic constants.

Piezooptic coefficient of some aqueous electrolytes

The isothermal pressure derivative of the refractive index, (an/JOT, is frequently called the piezo-optic coefficient. Few measurements have been reported in the literature since the classical work of Rontgen and Zehnder (3). Thus, in a recent paper on Brillouin scattering by aqueous electrolytes (2). Maret and Yeager had to estimate the required values of the piezo-optic coefficient with a semiempirical relation. Experimental values are presented here for some of the solutions they studied.

Relation between piezo-optical and thermo-optical properties of crystals*

Through a consistent use of thermodynamics it is shown that the intrinsic piezo-optical and thermo-optical coefficients of crystals are not directly measurable. They are interrelated; for their determination, both piezo- and thermo-optical experiments are necessary. The analysis of the rotatory power as a function of pressure or temperature is based on the well-accepted coupled-oscillator model of optical activity. Similar analysis for the index of refraction is based on the Drude-type oscillator model of dielectric dispersion. The interpretation of previously reported experimental work should be reconsidered.

Optical Determination of the Nonlinearity Parameter of Water

The optical methods of investigating ultrasonic waves played an important role in the early investigations of finite-amplitude acoustics, particularly in experimental determinations of the nonlinear parameter B/A of water. However, after thermodynamic methods were discovered for obtaining B/A, the optical methods did not then, and have not as yet, yielded values in agreement. This paper discusses a new attempt to evaluate B/A for water, utilizing the optical techniques and taking in account a correction for the nearfield of the transducer. Assumptions made for smoothness of the second harmonic nearfield and the accepted value of the piezooptic coefficient are discussed.

Photoelastic properties of cuprous halides

In view of the possibility of using the photoelastic effect to phase match nonlinear optical processes in cubic acentric materials, we measured the piezooptical coefficients of CuCl, CuBr and CuI flux grown single crystals. Among these materials, it is shown that the highest piezobirefringence, at constant stress, is achieved for cuprous iodide although the absolute magnitude of the piezooptical coefficients decreases with increasing atomic number of the halogen.

Measurement of the isothermal piezooptic coefficient with the ultracentrifuge

ADVERTISEMENT RETURN TO ISSUEPREVArticleNEXTMeasurement of the isothermal piezooptic coefficient with the ultracentrifugeRobert Josephs and Allen P. MintonCite this: J. Phys. Chem. 1971, 75, 5, 716–718Publication Date (Print):March 1, 1971Publication History Published online1 May 2002Published inissue 1 March 1971https://doi.org/10.1021/j100675a018RIGHTS & PERMISSIONSArticle Views25Altmetric-Citations2LEARN ABOUT THESE METRICSArticle Views are the COUNTER-compliant sum of full text article downloads since November 2008 (both PDF and HTML) across all institutions and individuals. These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days.Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by Crossref and updated daily. Find more information about Crossref citation counts.The Altmetric Attention Score is a quantitative measure of the attention that a research article has received online. Clicking on the donut icon will load a page at altmetric.com with additional details about the score and the social media presence for the given article. Find more information on the Altmetric Attention Score and how the score is calculated. Share Add toView InAdd Full Text with ReferenceAdd Description ExportRISCitationCitation and abstractCitation and referencesMore Options Share onFacebookTwitterWechatLinked InReddit PDF (407 KB) Get e-Alerts

Dispersion of piezo-optic constants of some alkali halides in the ultraviolet region. II. Deformation potential constants of the valence band

Expressions are developed for the deformation-induced changes in polarizability in terms of fundamental frequency shifts and oscillator strength changes using the Lorentz model. The peaks in the absorption spectrum of the alkali halides are identified with exciton transitions associated with the conduction and valence band levels following recent band structure calculations. The large dispersion of piezo-optic coefficients near the absorption edge in KBr and KI is ascribed to the first low lying exciton peak, which is associated with the transition Γ−8−Γ+6 at K = 0 in the Brillouin zone. The piezo-optic data are used to evaluate the deformation potential constants of the valence band at K = 0 for KBr and KI.

Dispersion of piezo-optic constants of some alkali halides in the ultraviolet region. I. Determination of absolute values

Static and ultrasonic methods are described for the determination of the piezo-optic coefficients, q11 − q12 and q44, and the strain-optic ratios, p12/p11 and p11 + p12 − 2p44)/(p11 + p12 + 2p44), for NaCl, KCl, KBr and KI. Dispersion of the absolute elasto-optical constants, p11, p12 and p44 is evaluated. Comparison is made with predictions of Bansigir & Iyengar's theory of the piezo-optic effect in cubic crystals. The occurrence of isotropy of birefrigence for uniaxial stress and uniaxial strain at different wavelengths of light is explained.

Pressure Dependence of the Refractive Indices of the Hexagonal Crystals Beryl,α-CdS,α-ZnS, and ZnO

The variation of the ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices of the hexagonal crystals beryl, $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-CdS, $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-ZnS, and ZnO with hydrostatic pressure to 7 kbar has been measured by an interferometric technique for $\ensuremath{\lambda}5893$ \AA{}. For beryl, both the refractive indices increase linearly with pressure with slopes of +0.072 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ ${\mathrm{kbar}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$ over the entire range investigated. For $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-CdS, $\ensuremath{\alpha}$-ZnS, and ZnO, the ordinary refractive indices decrease linearly with pressure to about 4 kbar with slopes of -1.38\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, -0.25\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, and -0.34\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ ${\mathrm{kbar}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, respectively, while the corresponding extraordinary refractive indices also decrease linearly with pressure to about 4 kbar with slopes of -1.37\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, -0.25\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$, and -0.35\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${10}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ ${\mathrm{kbar}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, respectively. Above 4 kbar both the refractive indices of these crystals decrease nonlinearly with pressure as well as with strain, indicating the influence of the second-order piezo-optic coefficients. On release of pressure, no hysteresis effects were noticed, indicating that the above nonlinear piezo-optic behavior occurs in the elastic region. Finally, the results are interpreted according to Mueller's theory of photoelasticity.

Piezo-optic coefficients of liquids: Riley, W.A. and Klein, W.R. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol 42, No 6 (December 1967) p1258

Piezo-optic coefficients of liquids: Riley, W.A. and Klein, W.R. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, Vol 42, No 6 (December 1967) p1258

Adiabatic PiezoOptic Coefficients of Liquids

Knowledge of variations in the optical properties of liquids with pressure is required in ultrasonic-light interaction studies. One parameter used to describe these variations is the piezooptic coefficient, defined as the change in refractive index produced by a unit change in the applied pressure. The relative adiabatic piezooptic coefficients of numerous pure liquids and alcohol-water mixtures were determined from measurements made on light diffracted by pulsed ultrasonic waves. Absolute values of this parameter for the liquids tested were calculated from a consideration of experimental values previously determined and the results compared with the theoretical and empirical formulas presently used to compute this parameter. [Research sponsored by the Office of Naval Research.]

Refractive Indices and Piezo-optic Coefficients of Deuterium Oxide, Methanol, and Other Pure Liquids

The piezo-optic coefficients of deuterium oxide and of methanol and the refractive index of methanol have been determined over a range of temperatures up to 35°C. These results, and data available in the literature for benzene and a number of other pure liquids, have been examined in terms of an equation recently proposed for the dependence of refractive index of pure liquids on temperature and volume.