Phytochemical Screening Of Ethanolic Extract Research Articles

INHIBITORY EFFECT OF RED PIPER BETEL LEAF ETHANOL EXTRACT (PIPER CROCATUM RUIZ AND PAV.) AGAINST TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS TROPHOZOITES IN VITRO

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of red betel leaf ethanol extract against Trichomonas vaginalis trophozoites.Materials and Methods: The samples of red piper betel leaf were extracted with 70% ethanol using a maceration method. The phytochemical screening of ethanol extract was performed using the standard procedures. Isolation of T. vaginalis trophozoites from vaginal secretions was conducted using swab method, then suspending it into a saline solution sterile and followed by observing trophozoites motility using a microscope. While the anti-leucorrhea activity test and determination of MIC extract was done using macrodillution method. The inhibitory effect of each extract concentration to trichomonas trophozoites’ morphology was observed under a microscope using staining techniques by adding Giemsa dyes.Results: The extract of red piper betel leaves contains several secondary metabolites such as alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, quinones, and saponins. Of the six vaginal secretions, four positive trichomoniasis secretions were obtained. The results of anti-leucorrhea activity of red piper betel ethanol extract showed that the number of inactive trophozoites was proportional to the increasing of extract concentration. The inactive trophozoites were characterized by the absence of its motility under microscope observation. The MIC value of red piper betel extract of T. vaginalis trophozoites was 5% w/v.Conclusion: It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of red piper betel leaves could be contribute as a natural and safe anti-leucorrhea candidate for in vivo study on trichomoniasis in the future.

DNA Fingerprinting Profile and Quality Control Standardization of Folklore Medicinal Plant Exacum lawii

Context and Aim: Exacum lawii (Gentianaceae) is bitter folk medicinal herb. The study deals with molecular investigation by DNA fingerprinting profile of Exacum lawii, quality control and phytochemical standardization of Exacum lawii. Methods: The DNA fingerprinting profile was performed by RAPD technique using 3 pairs of primers. The quality control standardization was done as per the WHO guidelines and official methods of AOAC. Phytochemical standardization employed quantitative estimations of phytoconstituents by spectrophotometric and identification using GCMS technique. The quantification of Swertiamerin and Ursolic acid in Exacum lawii was carried by HPLC. Results: Macroscopical and microscopical examination confirmed the diagnostic morphological and histological features. The content of vitamins, minerals and fatty acids were estimated. Physicochemical parameters obtained within the provided limits as per WHO. The phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract and its fraction revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, terpenoids, glycosides and steroids Total phenolics (57.4mg/g tannic acid equivalent), total tannins (15.3 mg/gm), total flavonoids (51.4 mg/gm rutin equivalent), total flavonols (5.4 mg/gm) and carbohydrates (12.6 mg/gm D-fructose equivalent) content were estimated using spectroscopic techniques. The GC-MS data revealed 20 compounds. Swertiamerin and Ursolic acid content was 119.59 mg/gm and 5.34 mg/gm respectively. Conclusion: Present study provides the referential information to develop a monograph for quality control standardization of Exacum lawii. Key words: Exacum lawii, DNA fingerprinting, Swertiamerin, Ursolic acid, GC-MS.

STUDY ON THE ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY OF FRUIT EXTRACTS OF KLUTUK BANANA (MUSA BALBISIANA COLLA) AGAINST SHIGELLA DYSENTERIAE ATCC 13313

Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine the antibacterial activity of Klutuk Banana (Musa balbisiana colla) fruit extracts against Shigella dysenteriae ATCC 13313 and the amount of potassium to the discovery of anti-dysentery drug candidates.Methods: The simplisia of Klutuk banana fruit was extracted with ethanol using a maceration method. The phytochemical screening of ethanol extract was performed using standard procedures. Determination thin layer chromatography (TLC) profile of the extract was performed using a thin layer plate. The antibacterial activity was investigated using agar well diffusion technique. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) were determined by a serial microdilution method, whereas the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was done by subculturing the MIC result onto agar medium. Potassium levels of the extract were carried out quantitatively using atomic absorption spectrophotometry.Results: The phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of flavonoids, polyphenols, tannins, monoterpenoid and sesquiterpenoids, quinones, and saponins. The TLC results prove the existence of flavonoids in the tested extract. The content of secondary metabolites that can act as an antibacterial, strengthen the antibacterial activity of ethanol extract of Klutuk banana against S. dysenteriae 13313 with MBC values in the range of 5-10%w/v. Potassium levels in the ethanol extract of Klutuk banana fruits contain potassium as much as 2.919% (29 190 ppm).Conclusion: It can be concluded that the ethanol extract of Klutuk banana fruits is more potent as antibacterial against S. dysenteriae than as potassium supplier in hypokalemia therapy.

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY OF TAUCO ETHANOL EXTRACT AND ITS FRACTIONS

Objective: To investigate antioxidant activity and phytochemical screening of ethanol extract, fractions of water, ethyl acetate and n-hexane from tauco.Methods: Two types of tauco was extracted using soxhletation methods, followed by fractionation using liquid-liquid extraction methods and phytochemical screening. Antioxidant activity test was carried out using DPPH with Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) as a reference. Modified method of Farnsworth was applied for phytochemical screening.Results: It was found that extracts of ethanol and ethyl acetate fraction containing flavonoids, monoterpenoid, and sesquiterpenoids whereas the water fraction and a fraction of n-hexane only contain monoterpenes and sesquiterpenoids. The IC50 value for the ethanol extract, water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fractions of two taucos in a row were 1192.71 ppm, 1746.01 ppm, 722.38 ppm, 1845.45 ppm and 1190,15 ppm, 1740.30, 710.46, for tauco A and B respectively.Conclusion: It was unexpected that tauco ethanol extract and fractions showed much weaker antioxidant activity than vitamin C, which had the IC50 value of 4.41 ppm.

Comparative Antioxidant Potential of Bark and Leaves of Terminalia arjuna (Roxb) Wight & Arn from Himachal Pradesh

The present study aimed to compare antioxidant activities, total phenolic and flavonoid content present in leaves and bark of Terminalia arjuna and check whether there is any correlation between phenolic content and flavonoid content with antioxidant activities or not. Phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract of leaves and bark revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, carbohydrates, glycosides, saponin, phytosterols and phytosteroids. Total phenolic content was found to be higher in bark (272.71±3.18 mg/g gallic acid equivalents) as compared to that of leaves (95±3.11 mg/g gallic acid equivalents). Similarly, flavonoid content of ethanolic extract of bark was found to be higher (203.95±5.13 mg/g rutin equivalents) than that of leaves (87.625±4.28 mg/g rutin equivalents). DPPH activity of ethanolic extract of bark (IC50-17.41 µg/ml) was more than that of leaves (IC50-20.22µg/ml). FRAP activity of bark (IC50- 4.781 µM Fe (II) equivalents) is more than that of leaves (IC50-7.572 µM Fe (II) equivalents). Nitric oxide (NO) scavenging activity of bark (IC50-12.87 µg/ml) was higher than that of leaves (IC50-13.91 µg/ml).The present study clearly showed that there is a correlation between total phenolics, flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of leaves and bark of T. arjuna. The phenolic compounds and flavonoids could be major contributor to antioxidant activity of T. arjuna. Keywords: Terminalia arjuna, DPPH, FRAP, NO, IC50, Antioxidants

Preliminary phytochemical screening, total phenolic content and antibacterial activity of thirteen native species from Guayas province Ecuador

Phytochemical screening of ethanolic extracts of Acnistus arborescens (L.) Schltdl. (Solanaceae); Albizia multiflora (Kunth) Barneby & J.W. Grimes (Fabaceae); Capparidastrum petiolare (Kunth) Hutch. (Capparaceae); Colicodendron scabridum (Kunth) Seem. (Capparaceae); Gronovia scandens L. (Loasaceae); Gustavia angustifolia Benth. (Lecythidaceae); Piscidia carthagenensis Jacq. (Fabaceae); Psidium rostratum Mc Vaugh (Myrtaceae); Psidium guayaquilense Landrum & Cornejo (Myrtaceae); Psidium cf. rostratum Mc Vaugh (Myrtaceae); Salicornia fruticosa L. (Amaranthaceae); Simira ecuadorensis (Standl.) Steyerm. (Rubiaceae); Ruellia floribunda Hook. (Acanthaceae) were assayed. Alkaloids, tannins and terpenoids were the secondary metabolites most frequently found, while flavonoids, quinones, anthraquinones, steroids and saponins were present in less proportion. Folin-Ciocalteu method was used to quantify the total phenolic content in the ethanolic extracts using a calibration curve of gallic acid. The range between 941.97±30.69 and 241.54±15.54GAE/mg dry extract, has been observed for Psidium guayaquilense and Acnistus arborescens, respectively. On the other hand, antibacterial activity of the ethanolic extracts was evaluated using the disk diffusion agar method against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Vibrio parahaemolyticus ATCC 17802. P. rostratum, P. guayaquilense, P. cf. rostratum, R. floribunda and S. ecuadorensis were the most active extracts against the bacterial assays with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging between 20 and 100ppm. According to literature, it is most likely that this is the first report on phytochemical screening, total phenolic content and antibacterial activity of ethanolic extracts of these species.

THE ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING OF ETHANOL EXTRACT, FRACTIONS OF WATER, ETHYL ACETATE AND n-HEXANE FROM MISTLETOE TEA (SCURRULA ATROPURPUREABL. DANS)

Objective: The aim of this study is to investigate antioxidant activity and phytochemical screening of ethanol extract, fractions of water, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane from mistletoe tea (Scurrula atropurpurea Bl. Dans).Methods: Simplicia extracted using soxhlet equipment with 96% ethanol. Fractionation was conducted using liquid-liquid extraction using a solvent of water, ethyl acetate and n-hexane. Screening of phytochemical and antioxidant activity was performed against these fractions. Antioxidant activity was determined by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry with ascorbic acid as standard. Phytochemical screening was conducted based on the method of Farnsworth.Results: The IC50 values of ethanol extract, water fraction, fraction of ethyl acetate, and n-hexane fraction were 21.92 ppm, 89.57 ppm, 14.08 ppm, and 162.09 ppm, respectively, whereas for ascorbic acid was 4.41 ppm. The ethanol extract and ethyl acetate fraction contained compounds were the same group, polyphenolic, tannins, flavonoids, monoterpenoid, steroids, triterpenoids, and quinones. Fraction of water contained compounds such as polyphenolic group, flavonoids, monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, steroids, and triterpenoids. n-hexane fraction compounds contained steroids and triterpenoids.Conclusion: The ethanol extract, water fraction, ethyl acetate fraction, and n-hexane fraction showed antioxidant activities. The ethanol extract, fractions of water, and ethyl acetate fraction contained flavonoids and polyphenolic potential as antioxidants.Keywords: Mistletoe tea, Scurrula atropurpurea, Antioxidant, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, Ascorbic acid.

Comparative Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activities of Cashew (Anacardium occidentale), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Guava (Psidium guajava) and Bitter-leaf (Vernonia amygdalina) chewing sticks and Herbal Toothpaste against Streptococcus mutans

The comparative study on the antimicrobial activity of aqueous and ethanolic extracts of four chewing sticks (Anacardium occidentale, Azadirachta indica, Psidium guajava and Vernonia amygdalina) and two herbal tubes of toothpaste (Darbur® and Macleans®) against Streptococcus mutans were evaluated in this study. The preliminary phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract of cashew and neem miswaks (also known as chewing sticks or teeth cleaning twigs made from plants) revealed the presence of alkaloids, steroids, saponin, tannins, flavonoids and carbohydrate. Aqueous extract revealed the presence of saponin, alkaloids, steroids, and carbohydrates for cashew miswak while flavonoids, alkaloids and carbohydrates were revealed for neem miswak. There was no antibacterial activity observed against Streptococcus mutans by aqueous extracts of Vernonia amygdalina, Azadirachta indica and Anacardium occidentale miswak. The ethanol extract of A. indica had a mean zone of inhibition of 19.6±0.9 mm at 40 mg/ml compared with ethanol extract of A. occidentale 9.3±0.6 mm at the same concentration. Better antibacterial activity was observed for aqueous extract of Psidium guava compared to the ethanolic extract of the same plant. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between the activity of Macleans® and Darbur® herbal toothpaste with the mean zone of inhibition being 27.3±0.9 mm and 25.7±1.5 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration values observed for ethanolic extract of neem and cashew were 0.625 mg/ml and 2.5 mg/ml respectively while that of herbal tubes of toothpaste examined was 0.313 mg/ml. There was a significant difference (P < 0.05) between herbal toothpaste and nature’s miswak. The herbal toothpaste used in this study had a much better antibacterial activity than the chewing sticks.

Bioactivity of Boehmeria Macrophylla (Urticaceae) leaf extract

Boehmeria macrophylla is a perennial herb used as folk medicine in Bangladesh for the healing of pathologic conditions like fever, trauma, dermatitis, boils etc. After phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract of B. macrophylla (Urticaceae) leaf (BMET), in vitro antioxidant activity was investigated by free radical (DPPH) scavenging assay. Total tannin, phenolic and flavonoid contents were also estimated. Analgesic, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities were evaluated by ‘acetic acid induced writhing inhibition in mice’, ‘brine shrimp lethality bioassay’ and ‘disk diffusion assay’, respectively. Phytochemical screening indicated the presence of alkaloids, tannins, flavonoids, saponins, steroids and terpenoids. The extract showed scavenging activity with IC50 value of 39.76 μg/mL whereas IC50 was 6.86 μg/mL for ascorbic acid. The extract also showed the total phenolic, flavonoid and tannin content as 439.48, 356.84 and 395.42 mg QE/100 g of dried plant extract. BMET showed 32.91 % and 54.2 % writhing inhibition in mice at doses 250 and 500 mg/kg, respectively. BMET showed LC50 against brine shrimp nauplii at 33.16 μg/mL. The extract also showed antibacterial activity against Vibrio cholerae, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus ferus. The results suggest that BMET has antioxidant, analgesic, cytotoxic and antibacterial activities.

Antibacterial and Phytochemical Screening of Ethanol Extract of Hemidesmus indicus roots

Hemidesmus indicus belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae, and is one of the rare medicinal and aromatic plants of India. The Hemidesmus indicus recommended for the treatment of various diseases namely skin disease, liver impairment, leprosy, dysentery, bronchitis etc by tribal people. The present study was aimed to investigate the phytochemical and antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of Hemidesmus indicus root. The ethanol extract of Hemidesmus indicus root was prepared and phytochemical screening was performed. The findings indicate the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, carbohydrates, steroids, polyphenol, saponins and terpenoids in extract. The antibacterial activity of various concentrations (25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) of ethanol extract was tested by disk diffusion method against E. coli, S. aureus, S. epidermis, B. subtilis, P. aeruginosa and S. flexneri. Zones of Inhibition produced by extract at various concentrations against selected strains were measured. The highest zones of growth inhibition were observed against B. subtilis compared to other microorganism. It produced a mean zone diameter of 23.5 mm at a dose of 100% on B. subtilis and lowest zone of growth inhibition was observed on S. epidermis, which gave a zone of inhibition measuring 9.8 mm.

In vitro antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of Zanthonitrile isolated from Zanthoxylum alatum

Assessment of cytotoxicity, antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of ethanol extract of Phyllanthus acidus L. (family: Euphorbiacceae) BarkSubrata Kumar Biswas, Anusua Chowdhury, Joysree Das, Utpal Kumar Karmakar, Manik Chandra Shill, Sheikh Zahir Raihan

Chemical constituents and cytotoxic effect from the barks of Goniothalamus chinensis Merr. and Chun. growing in Vietnam

Assessment of cytotoxicity, antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of ethanol extract of Phyllanthus acidus L. (family: Euphorbiacceae) BarkSubrata Kumar Biswas, Anusua Chowdhury, Joysree Das, Utpal Kumar Karmakar, Manik Chandra Shill, Sheikh Zahir Raihan

PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND CYTOTOXICITY LEVEL OF MACROALGAE IN LORETO, DINAGAT ISLAND, PHILIPPINES

The use of macroalgae as a substitute for synthetic drugs is gaining popularity. Macroalgae is a simple and fascinating species that is a treasure chest of natural chemicals and beneficial ingredients and can be found in some areas of the marine environment. This study was undertaken to evaluate the toxicity effect through brine shrimp bioassay and presence of the secondary metabolites through phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract in selected macroalgae collected along the intertidal zone in selected areas of the Barangays in Loreto Dinagat Islands. A total of ten macroalgae were collected containing two samples for red algae, four samples for green algae and four samples brown algae. Screening of phytochemical constituents showed positive results for flavonoids, anthraquinones, saponins, tannins, steroids and alkaloids. The toxicity levels of each selected macroalgae were dosedependent. Three of the samples of macroalgae were identified as highly toxic, and seven of the selected macroalgae were identified as moderately toxic. The result of the present study confirmed that some of the macroalgae present in Loreto Dinagat Islands were rich sources of phytoconstituents which can be isolated and further screened for various biological activities. This study also supports the use of the macroalgae in the treatment of diseases in traditional medicine and also recommends the physico-chemical characterization and further biological evaluation of the macroalgae.

Contraceptive Effect of Ethanolic Extract of Dioscorea villosa Tuber on Reproductive Hormones of Female Wistar Rats

The contraceptive effect of oral administration of ethanolic extract of Dioscorea villosa tuber for thirty days on reproductive hormones of female albino rats was investigated. Twenty four female albino rats weighing 150-220g were completely randomized into four groups (A-D) comprising six rats each. Animals in Group A (control) were administered 0.5ml of distilled water. Animals in groups B, C and D received 100, 200 and 400mg/kg body weight of ethanolic extract of Dioscorea villosa tuber respectively for 30 consecutive days. Preliminary phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract of

UJI EFEKTIVITAS ANTIBAKTERI PERASAN SEGAR DAN SERBUK UMBI BAWANG PUTIH (Allium sativum L.) TERHADAP BAKTERI Salmonella typhi

Herbs and spices are very important and useful as therapeutic agent against typhoid fever. Increasing multidrug resistance of pathogens forces to find alternative compounds for treatment of these infectious diseases. Garlic contained volatile oil and alisin which containing sulfur. The present study was to evaluate the antibacterial potential of fresh and powder of garlic ( Allium sativum L.) extracts against the bacterial pathogens Salmonella typhi and describes the phytochemical analysis. Methods: In the present study the antimicrobial potency of fresh and powder of garlic was carried out by disc diffusion and dilution method against Salmonella typhi bacterial and qualitatively tested for the presence of chemical constituents for the identification of flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids by the method described previously. The results of the present study showed the fresh and powder of garlic ( Allium sativum L.) same as susceptible for Salmonella typhi. The (minimum inhibitory concentration) MIC of fresh of garlic at 10% and the powder of garlic at 8%. The most effective concentration of fresh and powder of garlic for Salmonella typhi is 90 %. Phytochemical screening of ethanol extract of Allium sativum L revealed the presence of various bioactive components of flavonoids, saponins, tannins and alkaloids were the most prominent. Key words : Allium sativum, Antibacterial, Salmonella typh i

Phytochemical Screening and Antipyretic Effect of Curcuma zedoaria Rosc. (Zingiberaceae) Rhizome

Aims: To investigate the antipyretic effect of ethanol extract of Curcuma zedoaria Rosc. (Zingiberaceae) rhizome in animal model. Study Design: Extraction of plant constituents and evaluation of elevated body temperature lowering activity. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Pharmacy, North South University, Dhaka between October 2012 and August 2013. Methodology: We have performed phytochemical screening and evaluated antipyretic activity of ethanol extract of the rhizome of Curcuma zedoaria by yeast-induced pyresis method. Ethanol extract of Curcuma zedoaria rhizome was administered to healthy rats. Results: The results showed that the ethanol extract of Curcuma zedoaria significantly reduced yeast-induced elevated body temperature in rats in a dose dependent manner and the antipyretic effect at a dose of 750 mg/kg was comparable to that of the standard antipyretic drug paracetamol (10 mg/kg). Phytochemical screening of ethanol extract showed presence of tannins, flavonoids, saponins, alkaloids, terpinoids, carbohydrates and steroids as main constituents in Curcuma zedoaria extract some of which may possess antipyretic activity. Conclusion: The results justify the traditional use of the ethanol extract of Curcuma zedoaria in the treatment of fever.

Cytotoxicity assessment of aqueous extract from root barks of Calotropis procera (Ait.) R. Br. in human intestinal Caco-2 and mouse neuroblastoma Neuro-2a cell lines

Assessment of cytotoxicity, antibacterial activity and phytochemical screening of ethanol extract of Phyllanthus acidus L. (family: Euphorbiacceae) BarkSubrata Kumar Biswas, Anusua Chowdhury, Joysree Das, Utpal Kumar Karmakar, Manik Chandra Shill, Sheikh Zahir Raihan

Evaluation of Cytotoxicity and Presence of Secondary Metabolites of Selected Macroalgae Along Loreto Dinagat Island

The use of macroalgae as a substitute for synthetic drugs is gaining popularity. Macroalgae is a simple and fascinating species that is a treasure chest of natural chemicals and beneficial ingredients and can be found in some areas of marine environment. This study was undertaken to evaluate the toxicity effect through brine shrimp bioassay and presence of the secondary metabolites through phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract in selected macroalgae collected along the intertidal zone in selected areas of the Barangays in Loreto Dinagat Islands. A total of ten macroalgae were collected containing two samples for red algae, four samples for green algae and four samples brown algae. Screening of phytochemical constituents showed positive results for flavonoids, anthraquinones, saponins, tannins, steroids and alkaloids. The toxicity levels of each selected macroalgae were dose-dependent. Three of the samples of macroalgae were identified as highly toxic, and seven of the selected macroalgae were identified as moderately toxic. The result of the present study confirmed that some of the macroalgae present in Loreto Dinagat Islands were rich sources of phytoconstituents which can be isolated and further screened for various biological activities. This study also supports the use of the macroalgae in the treatment of diseases in traditional medicine and also recommends the physicchemical characterization and further biological evaluation of the macroalgae. KEYWORDS Macroalgae, bioactive components, lethal concentration, Philippines.

Evaluation of antimicrobial, cytotoxic, thrombolytic, diuretic properties and total phenolic content of Cinnamomum tamala

Background: The leaves of Cinnamomum tamala are aromatic, carminative, stimulant, diuretic, diaphoretic, lactagogue, and deobstruent. Other parts of the plant are also used as traditional remedies for various diseases. Aim: The aim of our study was to carry out the evaluation of the preliminary phytochemical and some pharmacological properties including cytotoxicity, antibacterial and antifungal sensitivity, total phenolic content, clot lysis and diuretic potential of the leaves of C. tamala. Materials and Methods: Phytochemical screening of ethanol extract was carried out by standard chromogenic reagents and total phenolic content was estimated in term of gallic acid equivalent by using Folin Ciocalteu’s reagent. Brine shrimp lethality assay method was used to determine the degree of cytotoxicity. Antibacterial and antifungal sensitivity test was performed using disc diffusion method in agar medium and minimum inhibitory concentration was determined by micro dilution method. Clot lysis and diuretic potential were compared with streptokinase and furosemide, respectively. Statistical Analysis: The results were statistically interpreted using Student’s “ t” test. Results: The extract contained alkaloids, steroids, tannins and reducing sugars. Total phenolic content was found to be 276 gallic acid equivalent/100 g of dried plant material. In brine shrimp lethality assay, it showed moderate toxicity (LC50 = 40 μg/ml and LC90 = 160 μg/ml). The extract inhibited growth of tests bacteria and fungi with significant zones of inhibition. Highest activity was observed against the bacteria Salmonella typhi and the fungus Aspergillus niger. In‑vitro clot lysis action of extract was comparable with streptokinase (48.22 ± 2.98%) and maximum effect (24.75 ± 1.27%) was found at a dose of 10 mg/ml. The extract showed diuretic activity which responded 29.16% and 37.50% diuretic activity in comparison with control (water) which indicates the plant mild diuretic activity. Conclusion: The results depicted that traditional uses of the plant are rational, however, advanced researches are needed to identify the active components as well as mechanism of action. Key words: Antibacterial, antifungal, Cinnamomum tamala, cytotoxicity, diuretic, total phenolic content, thrombolytic

Phytochemical analysis of ethanolic extract of Dichrostachys Cinerea W and Arn leaves by a thin layer chromatography, high performance thin layer chromatography and column chromatography.

Background:The leaves of Dichrostachys cinerea are used as laxative, diuretic, painkiller. It is also used in the treatment of gonorrhoea, boils, oedema, gout, veneral diseases and nasopharyngeal affections, etc.Materials and Methods:The Phytochemical investigation of ethanolic extract of D. cinerea leaves were performed by standard chemical tests, thin layer chromatography (TLC) by using various solvent systems, and by high performance liquid chromatography (HPTLC). Two compounds were isolated by column chromatography and one of the compounds was identified by various spectral studies.Result:Preliminary phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract of D. cinerea leaves showed the presence of Carbohydrates, proteins, Glycosides, Saponins, Tannins, Aminoacids and Terpenoids. The TLC and HPTLC fingerprint of ethanolic extract were studied and various fractions were isolated by column chromatography and one of the fraction contain β-amyrin glucoside which was confirmed by Infra Red[IR] Spectroscopy, 1H-Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), C-13 NMR and Mass spectroscopic (MS) studies.