Abstract
Context and Aim: Exacum lawii (Gentianaceae) is bitter folk medicinal herb. The study deals with molecular investigation by DNA fingerprinting profile of Exacum lawii, quality control and phytochemical standardization of Exacum lawii. Methods: The DNA fingerprinting profile was performed by RAPD technique using 3 pairs of primers. The quality control standardization was done as per the WHO guidelines and official methods of AOAC. Phytochemical standardization employed quantitative estimations of phytoconstituents by spectrophotometric and identification using GCMS technique. The quantification of Swertiamerin and Ursolic acid in Exacum lawii was carried by HPLC. Results: Macroscopical and microscopical examination confirmed the diagnostic morphological and histological features. The content of vitamins, minerals and fatty acids were estimated. Physicochemical parameters obtained within the provided limits as per WHO. The phytochemical screening of ethanolic extract and its fraction revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, terpenoids, glycosides and steroids Total phenolics (57.4mg/g tannic acid equivalent), total tannins (15.3 mg/gm), total flavonoids (51.4 mg/gm rutin equivalent), total flavonols (5.4 mg/gm) and carbohydrates (12.6 mg/gm D-fructose equivalent) content were estimated using spectroscopic techniques. The GC-MS data revealed 20 compounds. Swertiamerin and Ursolic acid content was 119.59 mg/gm and 5.34 mg/gm respectively. Conclusion: Present study provides the referential information to develop a monograph for quality control standardization of Exacum lawii. Key words: Exacum lawii, DNA fingerprinting, Swertiamerin, Ursolic acid, GC-MS.
Highlights
Medicinal plants are popularly used for various diseases due to their acceptability, effectiveness, affordability, safety and low cost.[1]
The genomic DNA isolated from Exacum lawii and purity was A260/A280 ratio was found to be 1.6
The DNA was subjected to gel electrophoresis and image was shown if Figure 1
Summary
Medicinal plants are popularly used for various diseases due to their acceptability, effectiveness, affordability, safety and low cost.[1] According to WHO it was estimated that up to 80% of people still rely primarily on traditional remedies for healthcare. The genus Exacum (Gentianaceae, tribe Exaceae) consists of 64 species distributed across palaeotropical regions. Exacum lawii C.B. Clarke, species of genus Exacum is small herb commonly distributed in the Western peninsula, Western coast region of India, Mysore and Coimbatore, Southern part India. Plant taxonomy of Exacum lawii is shown below. The Exacum lawii is annual, glabrous, small erect herb rarely reaching 15 cm tall and flowers are bluish-purple. The common name is Law’s Persian violet. It is locally known as Lahan chirayata in Maharashtra, Manali in Malayalam, Marukozhunthu in Tamil. The Exacum lawii is annual, glabrous, small erect herb rarely reaching 15 cm tall. Flowers are bluish-purple.[3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]
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