Physical Shape Research Articles

Images of movement in reduplicates of the Buryat languages

The reduplication phenomenon is not a common object of study in Buryat linguistics, nor is the nature of figurative words. However, figurative words in reduplicated form can be found in various languages. This article examines the reduplicated sound-symbolic words in the Buryat language that reflect the figurative charac-teristics of moving objects, focusing specifically on their structure and semantics. The author studied a selection of around 150 words taken from the Buryat-Russian dictionary. The morphonological analysis has identified productive and less productive types of reduplicates, as well as some isolated examples of other structural types. A few examples of divergent reduplication have been identified. This study specifies the issue of distinguishing between reduplicated words with divergent reduplication and paired words. Reduplicated figurative words denoting non-standard gait types provide integrated perceptual images. Their nomination is based on distinctive features of a denotate perceived mainly by sight. Of significance are the following parameters of the subject: physical characteristics, shape peculiarities, and movement style. Reduplicated terms primarily display visual deviations, portraying artificial, oscillatory, or unsteady movements. These movements involve unique gaits, like wide leg positioning, swaying, waddling, awkward walking, delicate steps, skipping, fluid strides, or confident swaggering. The process of reduplication plays a significant role in shaping the semantic meaning of figurative terms, establishing a correlation between the concepts of repetition and multiplicity. More precisely, it designates the qualities of subjects in motion and articulates the meaning of cyclical movement, numerous spatial shifts, and prolonged, repetitive actions.

Numerical modeling and optimization of thermal insulation for liquid hydrogen storage tanks

Liquid hydrogen storage is one of the effective hydrogen storage methods due to its high density of 70.8 kg/m3 compared to gaseous hydrogen of 0.0838 kg/m3 at atmospheric pressure. Liquid hydrogen requires cryogenic storage technology, which minimizes heat flux by stacking multiple insulation layers in a high vacuum (10−1–10−5 Pa). However, large-scale tanks use a medium vacuum (100–10−1 Pa) to reduce maintenance expenses. Solid insulation is applied to prevent liquefaction of residual gas up to 150 K, followed by the stacking of multilayer insulation (MLI) with a vapor−cooling shield (VCS) to minimize the insulation thickness. In this study, a numerical model was developed to calculate the heat flux of a storage tank based on the physical tank shape. The insulation thickness was also optimized for two insulation systems (solid insulation + MLI and solid insulation + MLI + VCS). Optimal VCS placement on solid insulation, determined through sensitivity analysis, reduces 64.2 % of MLI layers under 5 Pa vacuum pressure. Total insulation thickness reduction of 51.4 % at 1 Pa vacuum pressure was obtained based on a hydrogen storage tank volume of 4200 m3. The effects of insulation thickness reduction are remained even when the vacuum pressure is increased to 5 Pa.

Clustering Penggunaan Fuel Pada PT Trasindo Murni Perkasa Menggunakan Algoritma K-Means

In coal mining, vehicles are used that have a large physical shape so that they can carry quite a lot of material so that it doesn't take a long time to mine. A lot of fuel is used during mining. Mining units have an identification mark in the form of a unit number as the vehicle's identity. attached to the vehicle and this unit number will later be recorded in fuel usage. Due to the large amount of fuel consumed by each unit, a lot of data is collected and needs to be processed. In this study, researchers used the clustering method with the k-means algorithm. -means Clustering begins by determining the number of clusters. This research uses two clusters. The results obtained from this grouping are, units in the day shift have a higher consumption amount, namely 217 liters per unit, while units in the shift have a total consumption of 147 liters. per unit with an ARI value of 0.5399218293207123 and an NMI value of 0.6565191143081124.

Resilience of metro tunnel structures: monitoring deformation due to surrounding engineering activities and effect of remediation treatment

Long term performance of urban metro tunnels requires that the tunnel structure maintains not only a sound structural state, i.e., free from significant damages, but also a minimal change in the physical shape. Over-deformation can cause structural damage but more importantly can affect the safe operation of the metro lines, therefore is a primary target of monitoring and intervention where it becomes necessary. This paper presents an overview of recent developments in field monitoring and assessment of metro tunnels in soft soil concerning over-deformation. In particular, the over-deformation of shield tunnel rings due to nearby construction activities, especially deep excavation, and its rectification using grout treatment is discussed on the basis of relevant field experiment and numerical modelling reported in recent publications. Key considerations in the development of a Material Point Method (MPM) based numerical modelling framework for simulating explicitly the grouting operations are highlighted, and the general performance of the numerical model is examined with reference to the field test data and characteristic parametric observations. Further research needs in terms of more rigorous assessment and design of grouting treatment, in conjunction with the continued development of numerical modelling capabilities, are discussed.

H2 molecular gas in the old planetary nebula NGC 3587

ABSTRACT The acquisition of high-quality deep images of planetary nebulae (PNe) has allowed the detection of a wealth of small-scale features, which highlight the complexity of the formation history and physical processes shaping PNe. Here we present the discovery of three groups of clumps embedded within the nebular shell of the evolved PN NGC 3587, the Owl Nebula, that had escaped previous detections. The analysis of multi-wavelength GEMINI GMOS, NOT ALFOSC, Aristarchos Andor optical, Canada–France–Hawaii Telescope WIRCam, and Spitzer IRAC and MIPS infrared images indicates that these clumps are formed by material denser and colder than the surrounding nebula, with a notable content of molecular H2, but negligible or null amounts of dust. The presence of H2-rich pockets embedded within the ionized shell of this evolved PN is suggestive of the survival of high-density condensations of material created at the onset of the PN stage.

Textile‐Based Flexible Temperature Sensors for Wearable and Sports Applications

Flexible textile‐based sensors are versatile alternatives that can be comfortably worn and can detect a broad range of body and environment temperatures. Furthermore, they become more essential due to the recent rise in the use of wearable customized gadgets, wearable clothing, sports, medical, and soft robotics. Typically made from rigid materials like metals or semiconductors, traditional temperature sensors are heavy, inflexible, and difficult to wear since they can only endure very slight variations in their physical shape to be placed on any irregularly shaped object. In this review, developments in textile temperature sensors are discussed with a focus on their performance, fabrication techniques, advances in various materials, and applications, such as wearable monitoring and sports. Moreover, an in‐depth analysis of different performance parameters is also presented. Lastly, to provide useful guidance and directions for future study, it is concluded by outlining the current limitations of this field, and future recommendations for the scientific community to further explore other facets of textile temperature devices.

Looking at a Painting: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis

Abstract This research explores the experience of looking at art, specifically that of viewing a single painting. Five participants each selected a previously unseen painting from a selection provided and were interviewed about their experiences as they viewed it. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to explore the idiographic detail of the resulting interviews. Personal Experiential Themes (PETs) were developed independently for each participant and these individual cases were subsequently compared to form a structure of Group Experiential Themes (GETs). Three GETs, Elements of Engagement, Deeper Exploration and Vulnerability and Intimacy resulted. These themes represented in turn, early interactions, subsequent more considered imaginative and interpretative engagements, and the feelings evoked by encountering emotive content or questioning the voracity of one’s reactions. The first GET is reported in detail here and recounts viewers’ initial engagements with their chosen painting such as their experiences of first noticing’s, their curiosities, and the formation of early impressions. The viewers’ accounts of engagement involved senses of dynamism and sometimes physical force shaping the relationship between themselves and the painting. Three subthemes, Groping Out, Attracting Attention and Drawing In, detail the different experiential qualities of these engagements.

ЗАКОРДОННИЙ ДОСВІД ФОРМУВАННЯ ВЕЛОСИПЕДНОЇ МЕРЕЖІ ТА ЙОГО ВПЛИВ НА СТВОРЕННЯ ВЕЛОЦЕНТРІВ В УКРАЇНІ

In recent years, the number of residents of Ukraine choosing to travel by bicycle has been steadily growing, as has the number of activities held on bicycles, but a significant proportion of the population is still unsure of the possibility of safe bicycle use due to the lack of an appropriate bicycle network, safe conditions of movement and lack of parking in cities and the corresponding infrastructure. In this regard, there is a need to create an extensive bicycle infrastructure in the cities of Ukraine for safe urban mobility, reducing the number of motor vehicles and replacing them with bicycles. This will provide an opportunity to improve the ecology of cities and attract residents to an active and healthy lifestyle and include Ukraine in the global cycling community. Riding a bicycle helps to maintain good physical shape, prolongs life, promotes the production of the "hormone of happiness" and allows you to receive new emotions and an incredible charge of energy every day, gives the opportunity to freely move through city streets (which is especially relevant for residents of megacities). But this requires an appropriate infrastructure, which includes bike lanes, bike parking, bike services, relevant legislation and general municipal support. This study began before the full-scale invasion of Russia and analyzed the situation that developed in peacetime, as well as the development of cities in Ukraine designed for peacetime. The article analyzes the municipal policy of cities in which significant attention is paid to bicycle infrastructure, cycling and objects of this infrastructure are promoted. An attempt was made to formulate the factors that contribute to the emergence of bicycle networks in cities and the functional filling of the bicycle center as one of the important elements of these networks.

Ingestion and polymeric risk assessment of microplastic contamination in commercially important brachyuran crab Portunus sanguinolentus

Microplastic (MP) in seafood is a growing area of food safety. In the present study, MP contamination in the commercially important crab Portunus sanguinolentus was assessed. A total of 300 crab specimens were collected from three principal fishing harbors of Gujarat. The collected specimens were analyzed for MPs isolation using a previously published protocol. The specimens were dissected, and organs such as the gut and gills were placed separately in the beaker. The organic tissues were digested using 10% KOH. After the digestion, flotation and filtration processes were carried out for the extraction of MPs. The physical (shape, size, and color) and chemical characterization of MPs were performed. The average abundance of MP was recorded as 0.67 ± 0.62 MPs/g. The pollution indices revealed very high contamination and fell under class IV (Jakhau) and V risk categories (Okha and Veraval). Microfibers were found dominantly. Blue and black-colored MPs with 1–2 mm sizes were recorded dominantly. Polyethylene, polyethylene tetraphene, polyurethane, polystyrene, and polypropylene were identified as polymer compositions of MPs. Concludingly, the present study gives an insight into the MP in an important crab species P. sanguinolentus, which can be useful to design further investigations on the toxicity of MPs in seafood.

Effect of fiber on tensile performance of fiber reinforced cementitious composites

This study evaluated the effect of fiber on pull-out and tensile properties by conducting pull-out tests and direct tensile tests on hooked steel fiber (HSF), bundle-type polyamide fibers (PA), and amorphous metallic fibers (AF) with various physical properties and shapes. As a result, the hooked steel fiber was pulled-out, and the bonding stress and mechanical bonding stress of the fiber and the matrix had a great influence on the tensile performance. PA and AF showed fracture behavior, and the tensile performance of the fiber itself had a great influence on the tensile properties.

Urban-Rural Transformation and Urban Growth Scenario Using Cellular Automata in Lebak District - Banten Province

The development of Lebak District has been significant during the previous ten years, with the impact of urbanization, changing the community’s physical, social, and economic shape. The construction of the Serang-Panimbang toll road, which facilitates access to the Metropolitan City of DKI Jakarta, has rapidly transformed Lebak District, which indicates an urban-rural transformation. This study aims to see how rural-urban transformation occurs in Lebak District and to create a scenario of urban development in Lebak District in 2030. Assessment of the level and pattern of transformation based on physical, social, and economic aspects using geographic information system (GIS) applications is conducted. This research uses cellular automata to create urban development scenarios in Lebak District in 2030. The results of this study indicate that the urban-rural transformation in Lebak District occurred due to the influence of urbanization and the construction of a toll road that connects Lebak District with the metropolitan city of Jakarta. Lebak District has four development areas. First is the urban agglomeration of Rangkasbitung, the hub of administration and economy. Second, coastal development areas are located in the southern region of Lebak District. The third strategic development area is the toll road integration area, with a development plan for an integrated industrial region. The fourth location has modest development and is located in terrain with limited accessibility. The results of urban development scenarios using cellular automata show that the development of the Serang-Panimbang toll road led to an increase in urban growth by 21% in 2030.

Are young leaders more sensitive to contextual influences? A lifespan perspective on organizational antecedents of transformational leadership

While the role of the organizational context in enabling leadership behaviours has attracted increasing research attention, the role of leaders’ age in this dynamic has been overlooked. Using transformational leadership theory (Bass, 1985) and Oc’s framework of context (2018), we examine how aspects of the task, social, physical, and temporal context shape leadership behaviour from a lifespan perspective. A random sample of young leaders and their older colleagues was surveyed (n = 847). Multiple group structural equation modelling was used to test the study hypotheses. Results indicated that the task context, in terms of role clarity, was a stronger predictor of transformational leadership among young leaders than it was among their older colleagues. Social, physical, and temporal contexts did not differ in their effect on the leaders’ ability to exhibit transformational leadership. Our findings suggest that organizations can facilitate young leaders’ role clarity to support their development of constructive (i.e. transformational) leadership behaviours. In addition, our study demonstrates that leadership research benefits from a lifespan perspective to facilitate a better understanding of how leaders’ age influences the emergence of leadership behaviour.

CONCEPTUAL STUDY ON UNDERSTANDING THE EFFECT OF GUNAS OF PITTA DOSHA IN MANIFESTING DIFFERENT DISEASES.

Fire burns food to generate energy. Similarly, Pitta in the form of Agni- digestive fire helps to digest food and yields energy to the Sharira (mind and body). Both of these perform similar functions to Dahana, Pachana, Abhipravartana of food. While describing the condition of Swasthya, both Sama Dosha and Sama Agni are mentioned in Samhitas. The importance of Agni (the digestive fire) has already been told by Acharya Charaka when he states that “the cause of all diseases is Mandagni”. In Ayurveda, the five natural elements (Pruthvi, Jala, Agni, Vayu and Aakasha) are present in our Sharira (mind and body) too in form of the doshas: VATA, PITTA and KAPHA. These elemental energies influence everything from our physical shape and digestion to the way we process thoughts and emotions. The best way to understand the doshas is by their Gunas (Qualities). Similarly, the different Guna combinations of the Dosha leads to a particular disease. Doshas are made up of Gunas. Gunas help in maintenance of Swasthya as well as produce the Roga. Hence proper understanding of Gunas at root level helps us to plan the Chikitsa and maintain the health of an individual. The aim of this article is to review how the Gunas of Pitta Dosha plays a role in interpreting disease formation.

Multi‐colony tracking of two pelagic seabirds with contrasting flight capability illustrates how windscapes shape migratory movements at an ocean‐basin scale

Migration is a common trait among many animals allowing the exploitation of spatiotemporally variable resources. It often implies high energetic costs to cover large distances, for example between breeding and wintering grounds. For flying or swimming animals, the adequate use of winds and currents can help reduce the associated energetic costs. Migratory seabirds are good models because they dwell in habitats characterized by strong winds while undertaking very long migrations. We tested the hypothesis that seabirds migrate through areas with favourable winds. To that end, we used the SEATRACK dataset, a multi‐colony geolocator tracking dataset, for two North Atlantic seabirds with contrasting flight capabilities, the black‐legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla and the Atlantic puffin Fratercula arctica, and wind data from the ERA5 climate reanalysis model. Both species had on average positive wind support during migration. Their main migratory routes were similar and followed seasonally prevailing winds. The general migratory movement had a loop‐shape at the scale of the North Atlantic, with an autumn route (southward) along the east coast of Greenland, and a spring route (northward) closer to the British Isles. While migrating, both species had higher wind support in spring than in autumn. Kittiwakes migrated farther and benefited from higher wind support than puffins on average. The variation in wind conditions encountered while migrating was linked to the geographical location of the colonies. Generally, northernmost colonies had a better wind support in autumn while the southernmost colonies had a better wind support in spring, with some exceptions. Our study helps understanding how the physical environment shapes animal migration, which is crucial to further predict how migrants will be impacted by ongoing environmental changes.

Application of Machine Learning Techniques in Phased Array Antenna Synthesis: A Comprehensive Mini Review

With the rapid development of modern communication systems, phased array antennas (PAAs) are widely used in many applications such as radars and 5G networks. In a PAA composed of multiple elements (antennas), beamforming or beam steering can be achieved by adjusting the phase difference in the excitation signals that feed each element of the array, eliminating the need for mechanical antenna movement. The performance quality of the communication systems heavily relies on the precise synthesis of the PAAs. PAA synthesis entails determining the geometric or physical shape of an antenna based on knowledge of its electrical parameters. Conventional methods for PAA synthesis use conventional electromagnetic models embedded in antenna design software’s. However, these models often pose challenges due to resource-intensive computations, lengthy simulation times, and potential high error rates. Machine learning (ML) techniques can be employed to optimize solutions in various telecommunication systems, including PAAs synthesis. In this article, we review and investigate the application of ML techniques in the synthesis of PAAs. The results of this study show that utilizing ML techniques can expedite the design process by threefold, while simultaneously reducing errors and increasing accuracy up to 99%.

Design of a Single-Element Dynamic Antenna for Secure Wireless Applications

We introduce a new technique for secure wireless applications using a single dynamic antenna. The dynamic antenna supports a constantly and rapidly changing current distribution that generates a radiation pattern that is static in a desired direction and dynamic elsewhere. This imparts additional modulation on the signal and obscures information transmitted or received outside of the information beam, thus achieving directional modulation. Dynamic currents are supported by a single feed that is switched between separate ports on a single antenna, generating two different radiation patterns without changing the physical shape of the antenna. We introduce the theoretical concept by exploring an ideal complex dynamic radiation pattern that remains static in a narrow desired direction and is dynamic elsewhere. The impact on the transmission of information is analyzed, showing that the information beam narrows as the modulation order increases, and design constraints on the spatial width of the information beam as a function of modulation format are determined. We design and analyze a 2.3 GHz two-state dynamic dipole antenna and experimentally demonstrate secure wireless transmission. We demonstrate the ability to change the information beamwidth and steer the information beam experimentally in real time, and to maintain high throughput in the information beam while obscuring the information elsewhere. In contrast to multiport or array-based antennas, our approach introduces a novel rapidly switched single-element technique for secure wireless applications that can be used independently from the rest of the wireless system, essentially operating as a “black box” for an additional layer of security.

A Review on Crop Regulation in Guava Fruit

The influence of crop regulation on guava fruit quality (Psidium guajava) manifests in various dimensions, including physical appearance, nutritional integrity, yield, and overall productivity. This investigation explores the systematic integration of conventional and modern practices in regulating the characteristics of guava fruit. Physical appearance, including size, shape, color, and texture, is primarily influenced by targeted pruning and meticulous nutrient and water regulation. Nutritional content, encompassing essential vitamins, minerals, and antioxidants, can be enhanced and preserved through a combination of soil management, precision irrigation, and genetic engineering. Crop regulation's interplay with yield and productivity highlights the vital role of balanced pruning, efficient water and nutrient delivery systems, and modern techniques such as precision agriculture. A key finding reveals a complex challenge in maintaining a quality-quantity balance, necessitating innovation and sustainable practices for long-term benefits. This study underscores the multifaceted impacts of crop regulation on guava fruit quality and lays the groundwork for further research, emphasizing the development of integrated and sustainable strategies for optimizing both the quality and economic value of this globally significant fruit.

Within arms reach: Physical proximity shapes mother-infant language exchanges in real-time

During everyday interactions, mothers and infants achieve behavioral synchrony at multiple levels. The ebb-and-flow of mother-infant physical proximity may be a central type of synchrony that establishes a common ground for infant-mother interaction. However, the role of proximity in language exchanges is relatively unstudied, perhaps because structured tasks—the common setup for observing infant-caregiver interactions—establish proximity by design. We videorecorded 100 mothers (U.S. Hispanic N = 50, U.S. Non-Hispanic N = 50) and their 13- to 23-month-old infants during natural activity at home (1-to-2 h per dyad), transcribed mother and infant speech, and coded proximity continuously (i.e., infants and mother within arms reach). In both samples, dyads entered proximity in a bursty temporal pattern, with bouts of proximity interspersed with bouts of physical distance. As hypothesized, Non-Hispanic and Hispanic mothers produced more words and a greater variety of words when within arms reach than out of arms reach. Similarly, infants produced more utterances that contained words when close to mother than when not. However, infants babbled equally often regardless of proximity, generating abundant opportunities to play with sounds. Physical proximity expands opportunities for language exchanges and infants’ communicative word use, although babies accumulate massive practice babbling even when caregivers are not proximal.

Trends and predictions in the physical shape of Chinese preschool children from 2000 to 2020.

To explore physical shape changes in preschool children from 2000 to 2020, and forecast development trends over the next 10 years. The grey GM (1,1) prediction model was used to fit the physical shape indicators of preschool children in China from 2000 to 2020, and then the longitudinal change trend of physical shape was compared and analyzed. Finally, the development trend of physical shape in China in 2025 and 2030 was predicted. (1) During the period from 2000 to 2020, the height, weight and chest circumference of Chinese preschool children all increased rapidly. Specifically, the weight of male and female children increased by 1.8 kg and 1.6 kg, their chest circumference increased by 1.6 cm and 1.5 cm, respectively, and both their heights increased by 3.6 cm. Among these indicators, the older the age, the greater the growth rate. It is expected that all the indicators will continue to grow rapidly over the next 10 years, but the growth rate will slow. (2) From 2000 to 2020, the growth rate of weight was higher than that of height, and BMI showed an increasing trend. The obesity detection rates in boys and girls increased by 5.6 and 2.8%, respectively. Over the next 10 years, the incidence of obesity is expected to increase by 3.8% in boys and 2.8% in girls. (3) Improvement in the growth and development of preschool children in China has a certain correlation with the rapid growth of China's economy,less physical activity, education and other factors. Over the past 20 years, the growth and nutritional status of Chinese preschoolers have improved dramatically, but overweight and obesity remain. Overweight and obesity rates are expected to continue to increase rapidly over the next 10 years, particularly among boys, and effective measures should be taken to control the obesity epidemic.

PERAN PENDIDIKAN AGAMA ISLAM FORMAL DAN NON FORMAL DALAM MENINGKATKAN AKHLAKUL KARIMAH

Islamic religious education plays a very important role in the formation of a person's morals. And education, especially morals and morals, must be given from an early age to foster children's spiritual and physical growth, both spiritual, motoric, emotional, social and shape children's characteristics into good ones. It is not only in educational institutions that the family plays an important role in educating children, the main thing is in forming their characteristics properly and correctly.There are three forms of educational institutions currently developing in our country, namely formal, non-formal and informal. Formal educational institutions are educational institutions whose curriculum is created and managed by the government from pre-school level to university level. Then non-formal educational institutions are educational institutions whose curriculum is created and managed by the community, including Islamic boarding school or diniyah educational institutions. Meanwhile, informal education is education that is built or organized by the family and environment only for education without structure and does not require permission from the government.This article discusses the role of formal and non-formal Islamic religious education in improving morals. There are still students whose morals are not good, especially morals towards teachers. Researchers want to improve good morals towards teachers in order to gain useful knowledge and blessings. This research uses descriptive qualitative using data analysis techniques in the form of observation where the researcher takes qualitative primary data sources obtained from teachers of morals and aqidah. In this research the data source is secondary. The first research is that a student must obey the teacher by getting used to it when the teacher speaks or walks, the students bow their heads while giving respect with a bowed head gesture. To produce results such as when in class students or students must enter the class first to greet and prepare the place for the incoming teacher. The second is the teacher's guidance to students, namely using concrete story methods such as studying and giving sermons and this must also be used as an example by the teacher, so that from this method students who previously behaved badly can become good so that they can be applied in society. Third, if there are students or students who are difficult to manage, namely by using the approach of providing advice and motivation so that a student has good morals, it cannot be denied that stubborn students can occur due to internal factors such as lack of love for parents, then it will be fun for the teacher to talk to the student. Thank God, in this way students can change from bad morals to good morals..