Physical Necessity Research Articles

Robotics: Road Ahead for Mechanical and Physical Necessities, Bridging Artificial Intelligence, and Integration Challenges

Abstract On behalf of the ASME Robotics Technology Group and its Working Groups, this paper provides a preview of their recently published 2024 ASME Robotics Roadmap. The onset of Industry 5.0 and its coexistence with Industry 4.0 are moving robots and manufacturing from traditional automation into the “smart manufacturing” realm. With conflicting priorities of productivity and safety, building mutual “trust” between robots and humans will require bridging the sensing and artificial intelligence (AI) with the mechanical-n-physical necessities to successfully augment the robot's awareness and intelligence. To this end, the ASME Robotics Technology Group convened several working groups to produce a robotics roadmap that embodies the mechanical engineering aspects. The roadmap was written with the aim (1) to embody mechanical and physical necessities and bridge the gaps between AI and integration challenges; (2) to identify critical trends, top-of-market challenges, and knowledge gaps; and (3) to identify opportunities in the journey path to get there and in strengthening the mechanical engineering footprint in robotics technology. While robotics cuts across many technological areas, industry segments, and applications for the greater good, the focus is on identifying what are the enabling technologies and science needed for: human–robot physical interaction and beyond physical; robot-to-robot and robot-to-(autonomous) machine collaboration; increasing robot repeatability and accuracy; space-based robotic manufacturing and assembly; human-centered manufacturing; risk and safety aspects of robotics; and what should ASME, government, and industry do to advance robotics. The roadmap is to serve as a guidepost for ASME robotics activities, its membership, and the robotics community-at-large.

A space age instrument for space voyagers: The personal, professional, and cultural relevance of astronaut chronographs

One group of small artifacts from the Smithsonian National Air and Space Museum’s collection, astronaut chronographs, consumes more curatorial attention than any others thanks to a dedicated group of enthusiasts and collectors. The Omega Speedmaster Professional, featured in this article, was selected first for astronaut use during Project Gemini and remained in use for decades, particularly during spacewalks. Closely tracking time when consumables are limited combines physical necessities with the very human compulsion to mind the clock, so the chronographs linking astronauts, like us with our smart watches, in the observance of time. This article examines how astronaut chronographs fit into a larger historical narrative of timekeeping and exploration, and the extraordinary importance some astronauts put in these mechanical timekeepers. As objects of study and care for the Museum, they are a unique subset of materials that provoke questions about the cultural significance of time, planning for complex space missions, and caring for artifacts worn on the human body.

Assessment of Children in Conflict with the Law Institutional Facilities in Cabanatuan City, Philippines

This is a qualitative-case study that used a self-made interview guide validated by experts. Data gathered from eight participants were collated, themed, analyzed and interpreted. The findings revealed that the prevailing conditions of both institutions as to the crime causations were peer influence, poverty, dysfunctional family, and curiosity. The most common crimes committed were theft, carnapping, drug related cases and attempted homicide. There were also various intervention programs. The challenges encountered were deviant behaviors and physical facilities which were addressed through numerous actions taken. Lastly, the needs identified were provisions of physical facilities, knowledge empowerment, skills enhancement, recreations and necessities. As to the findings, the following conclusions were drawn; both correctional facilities have a common denominator as to CICLs crime causations, crimes committed and various intervention programs. The challenges encountered by both correctional institutions have similarity on deviant behaviors while they slightly differ on physical facilities. The actions taken to address the challenge encountered were in unison focused on activities that aims to reform and rehabilitate the CICL. Finally, there is a need for big help or intervention from other various agencies or organizations to address the voluminous needs identified from the basic needs up to their empowerment.

More patient-centered care, better healthcare: the association between patient-centered care and healthcare outcomes in inpatients.

The objective of this study is to explore the association between patient-centered care (PCC) and inpatient healthcare outcomes, including self-reported physical and mental health status, subjective necessity of hospitalization, and physician-induced demand behaviors. A cross-sectional survey was conducted to assess patient-centered care among inpatients in comprehensive hospitals through QR codes after discharge from September 2021 to December 2021 and had 5,222 respondents in Jiayuguan, Gansu. The questionnaire included a translated 6-item version of the PCC questionnaire, physician-induced behaviors, and patients' sociodemographic characteristics including gender, household registration, age, and income. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to assess whether PCC promoted self-reported health, the subjective necessity of hospitalization, and decreased physician-induced demand. The interactions between PCC and household registration were implemented to assess the effect of the difference between adequate and inadequate healthcare resources. PCC promoted the patient's self-reported physical (OR = 4.154, p < 0.001) and mental health (OR = 5.642, p < 0.001) and subjective necessity of hospitalization (OR = 6.160, p < 0.001). Meanwhile, PCC reduced physician-induced demand in advising to buy medicines outside (OR = 0.415, p < 0.001), paying at the outpatient clinic (OR =0.349, p < 0.001), issuing unnecessary or repeated prescriptions and medical tests (OR = 0.320, p < 0.001), and requiring discharge and readmitting (OR = 0.389, p < 0.001). By improving health outcomes for inpatients and reducing the risk of physician-induced demand, PCC can benefit both patients and health insurance systems. Therefore, PCC should be implemented in healthcare settings.

Basics of Biophilic Design and Iranian Garden

One of the critical themes in architecture that brings about comfort and calm for people is the interaction between man and the environment. Nature is now regarded as a cultural heritage in all nations due to the physical and mental necessity for man to interact with it. Historically, gardening has been one of the humans' methods to carry out this significant heritage. The biophilic hypothesis aims to reunite man and nature and return this lost contact. This research compares the perspectives of the Iranian and biophilic gardens to nature and humans to better understand these two crucial concerns. The Iranian garden is one of the oldest gardening models in the world and has been in use for many years. The study's descriptive-analytical research approach was used using documents and library resources. For this reason, it first discusses the biophilic design and its components. It explains the theoretical underpinnings of the Iranian garden, after which it compares and analyzes the information data in the findings section. The study's findings indicate that the biophilic theory and the Iranian garden share similar principles for appreciating and relating to nature and humanity. However, regarding the results, these two follow different paths. Biophilic focuses on issues related to physical and mental health. In contrast, the Iranian garden also considers the user's attention to the world of meaning and the promised paradise in addition to his physical and psychological needs.

Control in the absence of choice: A qualitative study on decision-making about gastrostomy in people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, caregivers, and healthcare professionals.

Gastrostomy is recommended in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis for long-term nutritional support, however, people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and healthcare professionals perceive decision-making as complex. To explore their perspectives on decision-making regarding gastrostomy, we used semi-structured interviews with people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, who had made a decision, and their caregivers; healthcare professionals were interviewed separately. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed thematically. In 14 cases, 13 people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and 12 caregivers were interviewed; and in 10 of these cases, 5 healthcare professionals. Participants described decision-making on gastrostomy as a continuous process of weighing (future) clinical need against their values and beliefs in coming to a decision to accept or reject gastrostomy, or to postpone decision-making, while being supported by loved ones and healthcare professionals. Participants described gastrostomy as inevitable, but retained agency through control over the timing of decision-making. They said physical necessity, experiences of loss and identity, and expectations about gastrostomy placement were important factors in decision-making. Decision-making was described as a family affair, with caregivers supporting patient choice. healthcare professionals supported people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis during the decision-making process and respected their autonomy and values. People with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis stressed the importance of adequate information on the procedure and the benefits. People with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis feel in control of decision-making on gastrostomy if they are able to make their own choice at their own pace, supported by loved ones and healthcare professionals. Person-centered decision-making on gastrostomy requires early information exchange and repeated discussions with people with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and their caregivers, incorporating their values and respecting patient choice.

Sub-barrier recollisions and the three classes of tunneling time delays in strong-field ionization

Tunneling ionization is characterized by a negative time delay, observed asymptotically as a specific shift of the photoelectron momentum distribution, which is caused by the interference of the sub-barrier recolliding and direct ionization paths. In contrast, a \textit{Gedankenexperiment} following the peak of the wavefunction shows a positive tunneling time delay at the tunnel exit, considering only the direct ionization path. In this paper, we investigate the effects of sub-barrier recollisions on the time delay pattern at the tunnel exit. We conclude that the interference of the direct and recolliding trajectories decreases the tunneling time delay at the exit by the value equal to the asymptotic time delay maintaining, however, its sizeable positive value. Finally, we discuss the recent experiment [Light: Science \& Applications 11, 1 (2022)] addressing the tunneling time in a modified two-color attoclock setup. The analysis of the experimental findings with our theoretical model indicates the physical necessity to introduce a new time characteristic for tunneling ionization -- the time delay describing the initiation of the tunneling wave packet.

The Physical Performance Needs in Silat Olahraga

Combat sports have been classified as grappling, for example, karate, silat, taekwondo, jitsu, judo, wrestling) and striking, as silat, karate or taekwondo depending on their rules and technical actions. As the technical movement and rules vary depending on the sport, it is plausible that physical fitness necessities to achieve high-level in each combat sport are also different. Despite their determination and identity, the physical and physiological profiles of all combat sports, there were less investigation can be proven on the effects of plyometric training in silat. This current information could be useful for athletes’ detection programs for the different combat sports. Based on the past research that have been done, it’s have been proved that less research is being done on plyometric training in silat and predominantly on the main physical fitness performance needs (power, agility, cardiovascular endurance, and muscular strength).

EFL Students’ Perceptions of TPACK Implementation in a Hybrid Classroom

Although a growing body of research examines Hybrid Learning, little attention has been paid to analyzing the students’ perceptions toward implementing the TPACK framework as an instructional reference in hybrid EFL classroom settings. To fill this void, this research intended to explore the EFL students’ perceptions regarding implementing TPACK in hybrid EFL classrooms in the context of a private Islamic senior high school. The study used a quantitative approach adopting a survey method with an online distributed form. Data were collected through a survey questionnaire, and semi-structured open-ended questions were descriptively analyzed and thematically coded. The TPACK survey revealed 77.8% of the respondents agreed that the EFL teacher had successfully integrated technology into practice. However, with 54.58% valid responses in the open-ended data, the EFL teacher implemented technological adaptation to facilitate classroom meetings by alternating to virtual modes but failed to explore and recognize the individual EFL learning needs of the students. The study concluded that the respondents’ perception toward implementing TPACK in hybrid learning was positive in that it granted easy access to classroom documents and resources, supported multiple modes of material delivery, valued connectivity and interactivity, and provided flexible scheduling. This study addressed some issues regarding the advantages and disadvantages of a technology-equipped classroom in a hybrid context. The issues foretell the EFL teachers never to limit their attention to physical preparations and necessities.

Parents' experiences of their child's transition from tube to oral feeding during an intensive intervention programme.

Persistent enteral tube feeding beyond the point of medical and/or physical necessity provides important nutrition to a child but may have implications for their development, gastrointestinal tract and quality of life. Tube dependency can affect parent-child relationships and sibling and family dynamics and place additional medical demands upon parents. It is therefore important to transition children from tube to oral eating and drinking as soon as is medically safe to do so. Tube weaning requires a skilled team to support the transition to oral intake; however, access to experienced teams is inconsistent. Without transparent discussions with their treating teams, many parents are left to navigate tube weaning options independently. Fourteen parents were interviewed using semi-structured interviews. We explored the experiences of parents across their child's progression towards oral feeding, from the decision-making process to undertaking an intensive multi-disciplinary tube weaning programme. Thematic analysis of the parents' stories shaped the development of seven themes. Parents were unaware that tube weaning would be required and how that would be facilitated. They expressed a strong belief that their child could learn to eat-if afforded an opportunity. Furthermore, parents are prepared to disengage from current services if they feel they are not respected members of their child's therapeutic team. Three key learnings were identified relating to the need for tube exit plans, parents as key team members and parents as change agents. Parenting a tube-fed child, initiating and engaging in tube weaning, is a stressful and emotional journey. However, by establishing care partnerships, parents are willing to put trust in a process if provided with options and afforded autonomy, empowerment, acknowledgement and relevant support.

FAMILY HEALTH – A KEY FACTOR IN THE FORMATION OF CHILD HEALTH

Family is a kind of social system, the basic cell of society and is defined as a group of people who have a biological relationship with each other or are related, live together, and have a common budget. Each family, according to its structure, members, and dominant sex, is different, but its function and purpose of existence are the same. Among family members there is moral responsibility, social and physical necessity, reproduction, and maintenance of biological continuity. Educational, business, and economic relationships are also strongly expressed. On one hand family health is influenced by various risk factors, and on the other by family members with risky behavior or personal health status. There are specialists who, during various medical or non-medical procedures, can diagnose specific health problems or deviations from health norms of behavior of a member or members of one family. It is the family physician who knows the bio-psycho-social problems and risk factors of given family and can act to prevent or treat imbalances. Impaired family health reflects directly or indirectly on the health of all family members. The negative influence is essential and could subsequently lead to deterioration or complete disintegration of family health. Family can be an etiological factor for some diseases, but it can also have a decisive role in prevention of diseases, in taking care of one’s own health, in combating chronic diseases and in early detection of others. Family and child health are closely interdependent. The family environment in which a child grows up and the parental example determine the future character of a person, and what its attitude in future professional tasks, in healthy way of life and the principles of help and mutual aid will be. That is why the role of parental example influences the formation of, even builds the image of a future own family and the role of present child in that future family. The importance of parental behavior in relation to adolescent disruptive/risk-taking behavior should not be underestimated. Particularly important is the emphasis on factors external to the family unit, such as neighborhood, school, peers, and the media. Socio-economic factors should not be neglected either, because low incomes have negative impact and most often are the cause of improper diet and unbalanced nutrition, while poor housing conditions determine either poor-formed health and hygiene habits or their total absence. Since family has a leading role in formation of adolescents, its participation in health promotion is strongly recommended. These recommendations for family-focused health promotion are based in part on findings from several lines of research, including family aggregation and studies of parental influence on health during childhood and adolescence.

On the kinetic energy density functional: The limit of the density derivative order

Within ‘orbital-free’ density functional theory, it is essential to develop general kinetic energy density (KED), denoted as t(r). This is usually done by empirical corrections and enhancements, gradient expansions, machine learning, or axiomatic approaches to find forms that satisfy physical necessities. In all cases, it is crucial to determine the largest spatial density derivative order, m in, t(r). There have been many efforts to do so, but none have proven general or conclusive and there is no clear guide on how to set m. In this work, we found that, by imposing KED finitude away from V(r) singularities, m = D + 1 for systems of dimension D. This is consistent with observations and provides a needed guide for systematically developing more accurate semilocal KEDs.

An Analysis of Researches Related to War Victim Children

The research aims to analyze research related to children who are war victims. In the research, the literature review model is used. Data are collected from the article on the internet sites included of Google scholar, Springer. The obtained studies were evaluated according to the gender of the researchers, the research methods used, the data collection techniques, the study groups, the results of the studies, and their recommendations. According to the results of the research, the researchers’ genders distribution is equal. According of research methods the qualitative researches add up to the quantitative studies. The majority of the data collection tools in the researches are a literature review, and the majority of the study groups are literature reviews. According to the analysis of the results of the inspected studies, the war has an impact on post-traumatic stress disorder, psychological health, and physical conditions (deprivation of education, hunger, lack of clothing). According to the analysis of the recommendations of the inspected research, these are reached the end of recommendations such as providing psychological support (rehabilitation programs, counseling, e-treatments), universally fulfilling the physical and emotional (education, community education, social mobilization) necessities of children who are victims of war, more effective granting of child's rights for children who are victims of war, developing appropriate treatment programs for child victims of war, announcing and understanding the experiences of war victims. Keywords: war, victim, child, war victims DOI: 10.7176/RHSS/12-20-06 Publication date: October 31 st 2022

Micro-level model explanation and counterfactual constraint

Relationships of counterfactual dependence have played a major role in recent debates of explanation and understanding in the philosophy of science. Usually, counterfactual dependencies have been viewed as the explanantia of explanation, i.e., the things providing explanation and understanding. Sometimes, however, counterfactual dependencies are themselves the targets of explanations in science. These kinds of explanations are the focus of this paper. I argue that “micro-level model explanations” explain the particular form of the empirical regularity underlying a counterfactual dependency by representing it as a physical necessity on the basis of postulated microscopic entities. By doing so, micro-level models rule out possible forms the regularity (and the associated counterfactual) could have taken. Micro-model explanations, in other words, constrain empirical regularities and their associated counterfactual dependencies. I introduce and illustrate micro-level model explanations in detail, contrast them to other accounts of explanation, and consider potential problems.

Scoping review: Neglect of the elderly by nuclear family members

Neglect of the elderly in the context of a global aging population is of concern, more so neglect caused to the elderly by nuclear family members. However, the literature on the subject of neglect of the elderly by nuclear family members has yet to be mapped out to afford academics insight into future research directions on the subject. Therefore, a scoping review guided by the PRISMA-ScR checklist was undertaken and mapped out the relevant literature, identified gaps and made suggestions on the subject of neglect of the elderly by nuclear family members. To gain a wider range of possible sources of evidence, the Thai Journals Online (ThaiJO) and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) were searched in tandem with the English-Language based Wiley Online Library and ScienceDirect databases. The databases were searched for academic articles published between July 2011 and mid-July 2021. The screening process reduced the initial 975 articles found to 15 sources of evidence. The content of these 15 sources of evidence was mapped out and synthesized via a charting table. Gaps identified include how and why physical necessities are withheld from the elderly; how financial restraints on the elderly by nuclear family members occur; the interplay between finances and neglect; how stress levels, family dynamics, family history and living conditions exacerbate psychological neglect; and, a needed exploration of the forms of verbal neglect perpetrated on the elderly by nuclear family members. Suggestions for future research based on these identified gaps were discussed and offered in this manuscript.

Fault aware hybrid harmony search technique for optimal resource allocation in cloud

The evolution of cloud computing is increasing exponentially which provides everything as a service. Clouds made it possible to move a huge amount of data over the networks on-demand. It removed the physical necessity of resources as resources are available virtually over the networks. Emerge of new technologies improvising the cloud system and trying to overcome cloud computing challenges like resource optimization, securities etc. Proper utilization of resources is still a primary target for the cloud system as it will increase the cost and time efficiency. Cloud is a pay-per-uses basis model which needs to perform in a flexible manner with the increase and decrease in demand on every level. In general, cloud is assumed to be non-faulty but faulty is a part of any system. This article focuses on the hybridization of Neural networks with the harmony Search Algorithm (HSA). The hybrid approach achieves a better optimal solution in a feasible time duration in the faulty environment to improve the task failure and improve reliability. The harmony Search approach is inspired from the music improvisation technique, where notes are adjusted until perfect harmony is matched. HS (Harmony search) is chosen, as it is capable to provide an optimal solution in a feasible time, even for complex optimization problems. An ANN-HS model is introduced to achieve optimal resource allocation. The presented model is inspired by Harmony Search and ANN. The proposed model considers multi-objective criteria. The performance criteria include execution time, task failure count and power consumption(Kwh).

Promises of Functionally Graded Material in Bone Regeneration: Current Trends, Properties, and Challenges.

Functionally graded materials (FGMs) are emerging materials systems, with structures and compositions gradually changing in a particular direction. Consequently, the properties of the materials gradually change in the desired direction to achieve particular nonhomogeneous service demands without abrupting the compositional and behavioral interface at the macroscale. FGMs have been found to have high potential as orthopedic implants; because the functional gradient can be adapted in such a manner that the core of FGM should be compatible with the density and strength of bone, interlayers can maintain the structural integrity and outermost layers would provide bioactivity and corrosion resistance, thus overall tailoring the stress shielding effect. This review article discusses the typical FGM systems existing in nature and the human body, focusing on bone tissue. Further, the reason behind the application of these FGMs systems in orthopedic implants is explored in detail, considering the physical and biological necessities. The substantial focus of the present critical review is devoted to two primary topics related to the usage of FGMs for orthopedic implants: (1) the synthesizing techniques currently available to produce FGMs for load-bearing orthopedic applications and (2) the properties, such as mechanical, structural, and biological behavior of the FGMs. This review article gives an insight into the potential of FGMs for orthopedic applications.

The awareness and attitude of adolescents concerning healthy life-style

The authorship's questionnaire "Awareness of adolescents about healthy lifestyle" was applied to carry out sociological survey. The sampling consisted of 183 teenagers aged 15-17 years studying in secondary schools of Ivanovo. It is established that the majority of adolescents are aware of healthy lifestyle. However, for for healthy life-style they take low preventive medical activity, presence of harmful habits, violations of rules of healthy diet and daily regimen, safe life activities, long-term use of gadgets with preference for passive pastime. Only one-third of respondents maintain active lifestyle that denotes the necessity to include these issues in programs of improving competence of adolescents in healthy lifestyle. The revealed absence of conviction in necessity to maintain one's own health and physical conditions conditions necessity to expand information that "unhealthiness" always means restriction of in active lifestyle, sport activities, career choice, future procreation and social activities. The revealed difficulties of observing day regimen, proper diet, sufficient staying outdoor and duration of computer use testify not only higher academic load and poor orderliness, but also weak motivation to observe healthy lifestyle that must be considered in motivation development. The choice of sources informing adolescents about healthy lifestyle issues is to consider that for adolescents the most frequent information sources are the Internet and parents. Besides, it is important to increase role of medical personnel of polyclinics and schools in increasing knowledge of adolescents about healthy lifestyle.

形状設計タスクにおける深層生成モデルとPhysics Guided GAN

When designing a part of machines, it is desired to generate shapes that satisfies performance requirements. For such an aim, deep generative models are used. Generative adversarial network (GAN), variational autoencoders (VAE), and VAEGAN are usually employed. In the present study, we compare those three generative models, and explain the necessity of physics guided generative models.

The expression E = h × f is misleading because it implies the distribution of a photon quantum over 299 792 458 m, while the expression E = (h × c)/λ enables us to explain the particle-wave duality

The two equations E = h × f and E = (h × c)/λ for the quantum of energy of electromagnetic radiation provide the same result but describe electromagnetic radiation very differently. E = (h × c)/λ describes the quantum of energy of electromagnetic radiation to be located already in one wavelength and therefore like a particle. E = h × f describes the quantum of energy distributed over 299 792 458 m and therefore like a wave. To obtain h × f for the quantum of energy, we have to refer the quantum of energy to 299 792 458 m. Only then we obtain from E = (h × c)/(299 792 458 m), as the distance of 299 792 458 m of the velocity c is cancelling out now, E = h × 1/s = h × Hz, which is the precondition to obtain the correct value for the quantum of energy by multiplying Planck’s constant h by the frequency f. This already indicates the necessity of today's physics to have to speak of a particle-wave duality. It turns out that electromagnetic radiation consists of the first wavelength that carries the quantum of energy and behaves like a particle, which today is called “photon,” and a few following wavelengths that do not carry a further quantum of energy and behave like a wave, which today is called “electromagnetic wave.” By this knowledge, the particle-wave duality vanishes, and we obtain one single physical phenomenon, which I call “photon-wave.” The strange behavior of quantum objects at a single slit, at double-slits, and at beam splitters can now be understood in a causal way. “God does not play dice!” Einstein was right.