Physical Fitness Of Elderly Women Research Articles

소도구 필라테스 운동이 연령대별 노인 여성의 건강 체력과 관절가동범위(ROM)에 미치는 영향

This study was conducted to find out what effect Pilates exercise has on the physical fitness and range of motion(ROM) of joints by age group (60’s to 80’s) by conducting small-tool Pilates exercise 3 times a week for 12 weeks targeting female seniors, and analyzing the results of the study. Thus, the following conclusions were obtained.BR First, in the change of physical fitness, upper limb muscle function increased significantly in the 60’s (p＜.01), lower limb muscle function increased significantly in the 70’s (p＜.05), and equilibrium significantly increased in the 70’s (p＜.05) increased. Flexibility increased in the 60’s (p＜.01) and 70’s (p＜.05), and cardiorespiratory endurance improved significantly (p＜.01) in the 60’s. Second, the flexion of the shoulder joint increased significantly in the 60’s (p＜.01) and 70’s (p＜.001) in the change in the range of joint motion. Knee joint flexion increased significantly (p＜.01) in those in their 70’s, and dorsiflexion of the ankle joint increased significantly (p＜.05) in those in their 60’s.BR Summarizing the above conclusions, small-tool Pilates exercise is helpful in improving health and physical fitness of elderly women, although there are differences by age group, and especially in the case of elderly women in their 60’s and 70’s, it was found to be effective in increasing the range of motion of the joints. It is thought that continuous activity is desirable for health promotion.

TRX 운동이 여성노인의 등속성 근력 및 활동체력에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of TRX exercise on isokinetic muscle strength and living physical fitness in elderly women. Statistical Data was processed by SPSS(Windows Version 12.0) using descriptive statistics regarding the physical characteristics of subjects as well as each variables(isokinetic muscle strength and living physical fitness). The difference of within and between in two group was analyzed repeated measures ANOVA, significant level was set a=.05. The results were as follows: Isokinetic muscle strength, there was significant difference according to the measurement, Living physical fitness the results, there was significant difference according to the measurement. From the results, We findings suggest that elderly women could improve their muscle strength and living physical fitness through TRX program.

Physical Fitness of Women From Biała Podlaska Aged 60 or Older

Abstract Introduction The ongoing process of aging in the Polish society generates the necessity to take interest in the problems and needs of the elderly population. Age-appropriate fitness is an important factor contributing to an optimal level of seniors’ life quality and maintaining their independence in everyday life. The aim of this research was to evaluate the level of physical fitness of elderly women from Biała Podlaska with respect to their age and body build. Material and Methods The research included 38 women attending activities in culture centers in Biała Podlaska. Measurements of basic somatic parameters were used to evaluate their body build on the basis of BMI. The Fullerton Test was applied to determine the level of physical fitness. Results In all trials of the Fullerton tests, most of the seniors achieved normal or above normal results. Statistically significant correlations were found between BMI and the test results in most trials. Correlations between age and test results were observed only in the endurance test. Conclusions The female respondents present a high level of physical fitness in relation to American standards. Due to the high percentage of respondents with excessive body weight, there is a need to develop relevant physical activity programs for this age group of women.

The Effect of Water Therapy and Jogging Exercises on the Health-Related Factors of Physical Fitness of Elderly Women

Objectives: The aim of this research was to study the effects of a course of water therapy and jogging on factors related to the physical fitness of elderly women. Methods: Semi experimental study was performed by pretest-posttest design in which elderly women over 60 (64.3 ± 2.5 years old) were randomly divided into 3 groups of water therapy exercises, jogging group (JG) and control group (CG). Factors related to physical fitness (lower limb muscle strength test, static balance, dynamic balance and physical flexibility) before and after interventional exercises. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test were applied to analyze the data. Results: It was shown that both water therapy exercises and jogging had a significant effect on static (P = 0.03), dynamic (P = 0.04), lower limb strength [P = 0.03 and (P = 0.01) for WTE and JG, respectively] and physical flexibility scores (P = 0.03), but there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups in all research variables (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusions: The use of water therapy and jogging exercises leads to improved static and dynamic balance, muscular strength of the lower extremities. Since improving the motor performance variables has a significant effect on preventing the falling of the elderly, it is recommended to use these exercises for the elderly.

경로당 이용 여자노인에게 시행한 낙상예방운동이 체력에 미치는 효과

본 연구는 경로당 이용 여자노인에게 시행한 낙상예방운동이 체력에 미치는 효과를 확인하기 위해 시행하였다. 2019년 6월부터 12월까지 G시의 경로당 이용 노인 42명에게 낙상예방운동을 시행하였다. 대상자는 실험군과 대조군으로 나누었으며, 24주 동안 주당 3회 60분 동안 운동을 시행하였다. 실험 전과 후, 대상자들에게 체력을 평가하였다. 자료분석은 χ2 test, Fisher’s exact test, Wilcoxon rank sum test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, Mann Whitney U test를 시행하였다. 낙상예방운동 시행 후, 실험군이 대조군에 비해 의자에서 일어섰다 앉기, 덤벨들기, 의자에 앉아 앞으로 굽히기, 244㎝ 왕복 걷기가 유의하게 증가하였다. 반면, 2분 제자리 걷기, 등 뒤에서 양손잡기는 두 군간에 유의한 차이가 없었다. 낙상예방운동은 경로당에서 쉽게 모여 할 수 있는 방법이며, 가정에서도 개별적으로 대상자의 운동 강도를 조절하여 시행할 수 있는 운동이라고 생각한다.

Avaliação da aptidão física de idosas em um Programa de Atividades Físicas

Atrelado a um bom programa de atividades físicas, geralmente, têm-se métodos para avaliar as capacidades funcionais de indivíduos que dele participam. As informações geradas por esta avaliação possibilitam conhecer as características dos idosos a partir de ferramentas simples e úteis, auxiliando no diagnóstico das limitações específicas de cada indivíduo e na definição de estratégias para promoção de saúde, visando retardar ou prevenir as incapacidades resultantes do envelhecimento. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi analisar, em diferentes grupos etários, os níveis de aptidão física funcional de idosas participantes de um programa de atividades físicas. O estudo realizado foi de natureza quantitativa e característica descritiva. A pesquisa foi realizada no município do Crato–Ceará, na qual participaram 47 idosas integrantes do programa Saúde, Bombeiros e Sociedade. Para a coleta dos dados, foi aplicado um questionário e realizada uma avaliação antropométrica e uma avaliação da aptidão física, esta mensurada através da bateria de testes de a Rikli e Jones. Percebeu-se que todas apresentaram resultados abaixo da média para o teste “Caminhada de seis minutos”; a faixa etária com o maior número de testes abaixo da média foi a entre 60 e 64 anos, seguida pela faixa etária de 74 a 79 anos, com dois testes. Na análise geral dos resultados, percebe-se que, quanto à resistência aeróbica, agilidade e equilíbrio dinâmico, as participantes demonstraram resultados insatisfatórios ou abaixo da média, indicando um déficit nessas valências.

Taurine supplementation reduces myeloperoxidase and matrix-metalloproteinase-9 levels and improves the effects of exercise in cognition and physical fitness in older women.

Immunosenescence contributes to cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration, and those conditions could be attenuated by non-pharmacological anti-inflammatory strategies, such as exercise and supplementation with the amino acid taurine. Since taurine body content decreases with aging, we investigated the effects of supplementation (alone and combined with exercise) on oxidative stress, extracellular matrix degradation, white blood cells, neurotrophins, cognition and physical fitness of elderly women. Forty-eight women (83.58 ± 6.98years) were enrolled into exercise training only (EO: n = 13), taurine supplementation (TS: n = 12), exercise training + taurine supplementation (ETTS: n = 11), and control group (CG: n = 12). All interventions lasted 14weeks. Exercise was applied twice a week, and taurine was given once a day (1.5g). Data collection occurred before and after interventions with the determination of myeloperoxidase (MPO), matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), nerve growth factor (NGF) levels, and white blood cell counts (WBC). Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) and physical fitness tests were also evaluated. Concentration of MPO and MMP-9 decreased after intervention in TS (p < 0.05). No effect of time or time×group was observed for WBC parameters; however, univariate analysis showed a significant decrease in lymphocytes for TS, while an increase in monocytes occurred in the CG (p < 0.05). MoCA scores decreased over time in the CG (p < 0.05). Improvements in physical fitness occurred in ETTS (better agility and aerobic capacity), mostly likely due to exercise and boosted by taurine supplementation. No changes in BDNF levels were observed (p > 0.05), while NGF concentration were undetectable in almost subjects. Exercise together with taurine supplementation appears to be a valuable strategy to enhance health-related outcomes in older persons.

The effect of oral glucose tolerance testing on changes in arterial stiffness and blood pressure in elderly women with hypertension and relationships between the stage of diabetes and physical fitness levels.

[Purpose] The purpose of this study was to assess changes in blood glucose level, blood pressure, and arterial stiffness after a 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in elderly women aged over 65 years with hypertension and either normal glycemic control, impaired fasting glucose tolerance, or diabetes mellitus. We also wished to investigate the relationship between stages of diabetes and physical fitness.[Methods] A total of 24 elderly women with hypertension were assigned to a control group (CON; n=7), impaired fasting glucose group (IFG; n=9), and diabetes mellitus group (DM; n=8). In each group, blood glucose level, brachial ankle pulse wave velocity (PWV), and blood pressure were measured at baseline as well as 60 and 120 minutes after a 75 g OGTT. Physical fitness factors such as hand grip strength, balance test, 4 m gait speed test, chair stand test, short physical performance battery, and 6-minute walking test were subsequently assessed.[Results] In all three groups, blood glucose levels were significantly increased at 60 and 120 minutes after a 75 g OGTT. In the DM group, blood glucose levels were significantly higher before and after a 75 g OGTT than in the CON group. In the CON group, PWV was significantly increased at 60 minutes after a 75 g OGTT; however, there were no changes in other groups after glucose ingestion. In the CON group, systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly decreased at 60 and 120 minutes after a 75 g OGTT compared to baseline. However, there was no change in blood pressure after ingestion in the DM group. The IFG group had greater grip strength than the CON group; however, there were no differences in other variables between the groups.[Conclusion] After a 75 g OGTT, elderly women with hypertension and diabetes maintain higher blood glucose levels compared to those with hypertension alone. Unlike elderly women with hypertension alone, those with hypertension and diabetes did not show changes in arterial stiffness and blood pressure after a 75 g OGTT. Therefore, elderly women with hypertension and diabetes may not be able to control their blood vessels following a 75 g OGTT due to impaired vascular endothelial function. Moreover, there was no association between diabetes stage and physical fitness in elderly women with hypertension.

The Effect of Two Exercise Types in the 8 Week Exercise Training on the Physical Fitness of Elderly Women

OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of two exercise types (Gyrokinesis exercise and Elastic band exercise) in the 8 week exercise training on the physical fitness of elderly women.METHODS The subjects of this study were 57 elderly women between 65 and 80 years old, who had no abnormality in the Physical Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q test) and were able to do physical activity on the orthopedic standpoints. The subjects were divided into three groups: Gyrokinesis Exercise Group (GKEG: n=19), Elastic Band Exercise Group (EBEG: n=20), and Control Group (CG: n=18). The subjects performed a Gyrokinesis Exercise in GKEG and an Elastic Band Exercise in EBEG for 50 minutes a day (10 minutes for warm-up, 30 minutes for main exercise, 10 minutes for cool-down), and 3 times a week for a total of 8 weeks. The subjects of CG did not participate in any particular exercise program but only everyday life. The dependent variables were Physical Fitness: Upper Muscular Endurance, 30-Second Arm Curl. Lower Flexibility, Dynamic Balance, Endurance. one-way ANOVA with repeated measurements was used to test the hypothesis in this study. A post hoc was conducted only when there was an interaction effect between groups and measurements. The difference of the post-test between groups were analyzed through Scheffe method after one-way ANOVA. The statistical significance level of this study was α=.05.RESULTS Gyrokinesis and Elastic Band Exercises were both effective on the physical fitness of elderly women: Upper Muscular Endurance, 30-Second Arm Curl, Lower Flexibility, Dynamic Balance, and Endurance. However, there were no differences in exercise effects after 8 week exercise training between the Gyrokinesis Exercise Group and the Elastic Band Exercise Group.CONCLUSIONS It is concluded that Gyrokinesis and Elastic Band exercise programs should be encouraged to improve physical fitness of elderly women and we need a follow-up study with longer term exercise training programs to find the differences in exercise effects between Gyrokinesis Exercise and Elastic Band Exercise.

The Effect of Water Therapy and Jogging Exercises on the Health-Related Factors of Physical Fitness of Elderly Women

Objectives: The aim of this research was to study the effects of a course of water therapy and jogging on factors related to the physical fitness of elderly women. Methods: Semi experimental study was performed by pretest-posttest design in which elderly women over 60 (64.3 ± 2.5 years old) were randomly divided into 3 groups of water therapy exercises, jogging group (JG) and control group (CG). Factors related to physical fitness (lower limb muscle strength test, static balance, dynamic balance and physical flexibility) before and after interventional exercises. One-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test were applied to analyze the data. Results: It was shown that both water therapy exercises and jogging had a significant effect on static (P = 0.03), dynamic (P = 0.04), lower limb strength [P = 0.03 and (P = 0.01) for WTE and JG, respectively] and physical flexibility scores (P = 0.03), but there was no significant difference between the two experimental groups in all research variables (P ≥ 0.05). Conclusions: The use of water therapy and jogging exercises leads to improved static and dynamic balance, muscular strength of the lower extremities. Since improving the motor performance variables has a significant effect on preventing the falling of the elderly, it is recommended to use these exercises for the elderly.

Aptidão física relacionada à saúde em idosas assistidas assistidos pelo Núcleo de Apoio a Saúde da Família de Canindé, CE, Brasil

Aptidão física relacionada à saúde em idosas assistidas assistidos pelo Núcleo de Apoio a Saúde da Família de Canindé, CE, Brasil

태극권 운동이 여성 노인의 일상 체력과 면역 기능에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study was to provide basic data necessary for development of TaiChi exercise program and to provide basic data for the health maintenance of the elderly women by analyzing the effects of 18weeks TaiChi on physical fitness and immune functions of elderly women. 30 female subjects were randomly assigned to 2 groups, i.e., TaiChi exercise training group 15, control group 15. Informed consent was obtained from all subjects before enrollment into this study. All subjects participated in pre-test and post-test, that is., physical fitness test(muscle strength, muscular endurance, cardiovascular endurance, range of motion and balance), and immune functions test(IL-2, IFN-γ, IgM, IgA and IgG). Exercise training was performed 5 times per week, for 60minutes each time, for 18 weeks. A paired-sample t-test and an independent-sample t-test were conducted with the SPSS Ver. 23.0 statistic program to test of physical fitness and immune functions and differences in changes between the groups before and after exercise. The results of this study were as follows. Firts, in the changes of physical fitness variables after 18 weeks exercise training, there improved significantly of cardiovascular endurance, range of motion and balance in elderly women. Exercise group revealed exhibited significant differences statistically, but control group showed few changes during the experiment. Second, in the changes of immune functions variables after 18 weeks exercise training, there increased significantly of IFN-γ, IgA, IgG. Exercise group revealed exhibited significant differences statistically, but control group showed few changes during the experiment. In conclusion, TaiChi exercise program for 18 weeks improved in physical fitness in elderly women and positively affected immune functions-related cytokine and immunoglobulin.

Programa de exercícios funcionais para idosas – impacto na aptidão física

Introdução: A aptidão física é constantemente exigida pelos idosos para a realização das atividades da vida diária. Objetivo: Investigar o impacto de um programa de exercícios funcionais na aptidão física de idosas. Método: Realizou-se um estudo quase-experimental, com 22 idosas, destas, 11 constituíram o grupo controle (GC), e 11 o grupo intervenção (GI). Um programa de exercícios funcionais foi desenvolvido e aplicado durante 12 semanas, duas sessões por semana no GI. Como instrumento foi utilizado a bateria de testes Senior Fitness Test. Para análise de dados utilizou-se os testes “U” de Mann-Whitney e Wilcoxon. Resultado: Todos os componentes da aptidão física foram melhorados após a intervenção de um programa de exercícios funcionais no GI (p0,05). O GI, comparado ao GC, apenas no teste alcançar atrás das costas não obteve diferença significativa (p=0,898) pós-intervenção. Conclusão: Verificou-se que um programa de exercícios funcionais pode melhorar os componentes da aptidão física de idosas.

ASSESSMENT OF MORPHOFUNCTIONAL CHANGES IN ELDERLY WOMEN PERFORMING NORDIC WALKING EXERCISE

Aim: the purpose of the research was an assessment of increased physical activity influence on selected elements of elderly women biological condition. Basic procedures: the research material consisted of measurement data of 80 elderly women that were divided into two grups: active (n=31) which participated in a health training, and control (n=49). We measured: basic somaic features, BMI, WHR, BMD and functional physical fitness. Results: analysed parameters of bone mineral density were slightly better of the physically active women in comparison to the unactive women. During analysis of physical fitness tests, active achieved decidedly higher results, which indicates positive influence of the nordic walking health training on functional physical fitness of elderly women. Conclusions: Utilised health training was an optimal stimulus for the examined women – their functional physical fitness and BMD improved considerably. No similar changes were noted in the control group

Association between health anthropometric indexes with physical fitness in physically active elderly women

To associate health anthropometric indexes with physical fitness of elderly women (EW) who participate in physical exercise workshops. 272 Chilean women over 60 years took part in the study. The variables studied were BMI, waist circumference (WC), waist-height index (WHI) and physical fitness (PF). Correlations were made through the Pearson or Spearman coefficient, and bivariate associations using Pearson's Chi-square and the Fisher's exact test, considering p<0.05. 70.8% of the EW were overweight or obese; 68.8% and 96% were at cardiometabolic risk due to their WC and WHI, respectively. Their PF showed equal performance (53.5%) or higher (33.8%) according to their age and gender. Inverse correlations were found between nutritional status and cardiometabolic risk with PF tests (except for agility and dynamic balance [direct]), and direct association with back scratch test. Excess weight in physically active EW would not affect their physical-functional performance; however, cardiometabolic risk would be inversely associated with motor function.

Mobility, Balance, and Muscle Strength Adaptations to Short-Term Whole Body Vibration Training Plus Oral Creatine Supplementation in Elderly Women

Background: A decline in neuromuscular function can cause a decrease in physical fitness in elderly women. Objective: The present study aimed at investigating whether whole body vibration (WBV) training and creatine supplementation could affect muscle strength, mobility, and balance in elderly women in short- term. Methods: The participants were 22 healthy elderly women aged 60 to 80 years, who were randomly divided into the whole-body vibration and creatine (WBV + Cr) group, whole-body vibration and placebo (WBV + P) group, and control group. The whole-body vibration group performed exercises for 10 days. The participants in WBV + Cr group consumed 20 g oral creatine supplement per day from the first to the fifth day, which was followed by consuming 5 g of creatine per day for the next 5 days. To assess mobility performance, a 30-meter walking and tandem gait tests were applied. Static and dynamic balance were measured by Flamingo and Timed-Up and Go (TUG) tests. Muscle isometric and isotonic strength were assessed by dynamometer and leg extension tests. Results: No significant difference was found in static balance (P = 0.11), but WBV + Cr and WBV + P groups showed better results in dynamic balance (P = 0.001 and P = 0.009, respectively). Moreover, leg isotonic strength improved significantly in WBV + Cr and WBV + P groups (P = 0.001 and P = 0.001, respectively). However, leg isometric strength and 30-meter walking performance significantly improved only in WBV + Cr group compared to the control group. Moreover, no significant differences were observed in isometric strength of the hand (P = 0.89) and tandem gait test results among the groups (P = 0.25). Conclusions: A short-term WBV exercise improves isotonic strength of the leg muscle and dynamic balance, while creatine supplementation with and without WBV training increases isometric strength of the leg muscle and mobility in elderly women.

Diversified health-related Nordic walking training programs and physical fitness of elderly women

Diversified health-related Nordic walking training programs and physical fitness of elderly women

장기간의 요가운동이 고령 여성의 낙상 관련 체력에 미치는 영향

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of yoga exercise program on fall-related physical fitness in elderly women. Subjects for study were 15 elderly women with an age range of 75 to 89 years. Balance(OLS, TUG), flexibility(hip joint ROM, ankle ROM), lower strength(knee extensor/flexor strength, CST were investigated before and mid(after 3 months) and after 9 months yoga exercise program(60min/day, 2 day/week, for 9 months). All data were analyzed by ANOVA with repeated measures of SPSS. The results showed that significant increase were found for OLS(p.01, p.001), hip joint(p.001, p.05), ankle ROM(p.001, p.01), knee extensor(p.05, p.001), knee flexor(p.001, p.001), CST(p.001) after 9 months yoga training. But there was no significant difference after 3 months yoga training in all variables except CST. Therefore, we recommend that a yoga exercise program in elderly women is a useful intervention to falls-related physical fitness, but further long-term program is required.

Association of ACTN3 polymorphisms with BMD, and physical fitness of elderly women.

[Purpose] Association of ACTN3 polymorphism with bone mineral density and the physical fitness of elderly women is still unclear. Therefore, this study investigated the association between ACTN3 genotype and bone mineral density, and the physical fitness of elderly women. [Subjects and Methods] Sixty-eight elderly women (67.38 ± 3.68 years) were recruited at a Seongbuk-Gu (Seoul, Korea) Medical Service Public Health Center. Measurements of physical fitness included muscle strength, muscle endurance, flexibility, agility, balance and VO2max. Bone mineral density (BMD), upper limb muscle mass, lower limb muscle mass, percent body fat and body fat mass for the entire body were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and an analyzer. Genotyping for the ACTN3 R577X (rs1815739) polymorphism was performed using the TaqMan approach. [Results] ACTN3 gene distribution of subjects were in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p=0.694). The relative bone mineral density trunk, pelvis and spine differed significantly among the ACTN3 genotypes. There were no significant differences among bone mineral densities of the head, arms, legs, ribs and total, but the RR genotype tended to be higher than other genotypes. Physical fitness was not significantly different among the ACTN3 genotypes. [Conclusion] These results suggest that ACTN3 gene polymorphisms could be used as one of the genetic determinants of bone mass in elderly women, and in particular, they indicate that individuals with the RR genotype have higher BMD and bone mineral composition.

Effects of Aquatic Exercise on Joint Angle, Pain, Stiffness, and Physical Function in Elderly Women with Osteoarthritis

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of aquatic exercise on joint angle, pain, stiffness and physical fitness in elderly women with osteoarthritis. Methods: Elderly women with osteoarthritis were offered aquatic exercise between October 2014 and December 2014. In experimental groups, patients were included in pre-determined exercise programs 3 times per week for 12 weeks. Eighteen participants were in the experimental group and 18 participants were in the control group. Joint angle and the Korean Western Ontario and McMaster Universities’ Osteoarthritis Index (pain, stiffness, physical function) were measured pre and post aquatic exercise. The study variables were analyzed using x test, Fisher’s exact test, Wilcoxon signed rank test, and Wilcoxon rank sum test with the SPSS statistical package. Results: The experimental groups showed statistically significant decreases in left and right joint angle. However there were no differences in pain, stiffness and physical function. Conclusion: After aquatic exercise program, there was no improvement in subjective symptoms for pain however, the objective index of joint angle index showed improvements which supported the positive effects.