Physalis Pubescens Research Articles

A Biological Bar Code for Determining the Geographical Origin of Fruit by Using 28S rDNA Fingerprinting of Fungal Communities by PCR-DGGE: An Application to Physalis Fruits from Egypt

Traceability is now one of the great concerns of the customers and the food regulators. We proposed a new analytical molecular method based on the analysis in a universal way of the microbial communities of food that we linked statistically to its geographical origin. 28S rDNA profiles generated by PCR-DGGE were used to detect the variation in fungal communities of three species of Physalis fruit (Physalis ixocarpa Brot, Physalis pubescens L, and Physalis pruinosa L) from four Egyptian regions (Qalyoubia, Minufiya, Beheira, and Alexandria). The fungal profiles of Physalis from different regions were specific for each location and could be used as a unique biological bar code to discriminate the origin of fruits. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper describing a molecular method of fungal ecology to determine the fruit origin by using 28S rDNA fingerprinting of fungi.

Main composition of Physalis (Physalis pubescensL.) fruit juice from Egypt

Main composition of Physalis (Physalis pubescens L.) fruit juice from Egypt. Abstract — Introduction. Physalis has been known for a long time in Egypt. Among unexploited tropical fruits, Physalis is a very promising fruit. Recently, the economic importance of Physalis has risen, due to its high acceptance for local consumption, achieving great success in the African, Latin American and European markets. One of the challenges of recent years has been to participate in the development of Physalis as a commercial crop of economic utility. In order to understand the nutra- ceutical and medicinal characteristics of Physalis fruits cultivated in Egypt, the biochemical compo- sition of the raw Physalis pubescens juice was determined. Materials and methods. Whole fresh fruits of Physalis pubescens from Egypt were preserved at - 20 °C for the duration of the experiment. The juice was extracted from Physalis fruits by using a fruit pulper then filtered on cheesecloth to separate seeds and skins. Contents of oil, fatty acids, proteins, amino acids, sugars and minerals of the juice were analyzed, and were compared and discussed in relation to the biochemical composition of other fruits and vegetable oils. Results. Yield of the juice was high (64%) and it is a rich source of minerals such as potassium (11.32 g·100 g -1 dm), phosphorus (5.55 g·100 g -1 dm), zinc (0.02 g·100 g -1 dm) and boron (0.01 g·100 g -1 dm), polyphenols (76.6 mg·100 mL -1 ) and carotenoids (70 µg·mL -1 ). It contained good amounts of vitamin C (38.77 mg·100 mL -1 ) and it could be a good potential source of essential amino acids such as isoleucine, valine and tryptophan ((4.2, 3.9 and 3.9) g·100 g -1 protein), whose amounts were higher than those recommended by the FAO / WHO / UNU. Additionally, it contains a low amount of oil (1.1 g·100 g -1 dm). Conclusion. Physalis juice should attract great inte- rest because of its composition. Its potential nutraceutical quality could participate in the development of Physalis as a commercial crop. Certain molecules such as antimicrobial molecules and bioactive withanolides, which have the famous ethnomedical and medical effects of Physalis juice, still have to be studied. Egypt / Physalis pubescens / fruits / proximate composition / mineral content / protein content / lipid content / carotenoids / ascorbic acid / polyphenols

BIOCHEMICAL AND SENSORY QUALITY OF PHYSALIS (PHYSALIS PUBESCENS L.) JUICE

ABSTRACT Ground cherry (Physalis pubescens L.) is one of the most promising exotic fruits and some interesting functional products could be developed from these berries. The fresh juice was yellowish or orangey and had a light, sweet taste with acidic nature (pH 3.5). The titratable acidity was 1.43, polyphenols 76.6 mg/100 mL and vitamin C 38.8 mg/100 mL. Physalis juice was rich in carotenoids (70 µg/mL). The juice had a high level in minerals such as phosphorus (578 mg/100 mL), potassium (1,196 mg/100 mL), zinc (2.4 mg/100 mL) and boron (1 mg/100 mL). The essential amino acids in the juice such as isoleucine, valine and tryptophan (42.97, 39.92 and 39.83 mg/100 mL) were higher than those recommended by Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations Union (FAO/WHO/UNU). PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Tropical pulpy juices play an important role in nutrition as an excellent base for low-calorie and dietetic products. Physalis fruit and juice are nutritious, containing particularly high levels of niacin, carotenoids and minerals. There are very little available data in the literature regarding physicochemical and sensory properties. As part of the first steps toward developing Physalis as commercial crop, the present study aimed to evaluate the nutritional and sensorial properties of fresh juice as a new product from Physalis.

Determination of fruit origin by using 26S rDNA fingerprinting of yeast communities by PCR–DGGE: preliminary application to Physalis fruits from Egypt

The determination of geographical origin is a demand of the traceability system of import-export food products. One hypothesis for tracing the source of a product is by global analysis of the microbial communities of the food and statistical linkage of this analysis to the geographical origin of the food. For this purpose, a molecular technique employing 26S rDNA profiles generated by PCR-DGGE was used to detect the variation in yeast community structures of three species of Physalis fruit (Physalis ixocarpa Brat, Physalis pubescens L, Physalis pruinosa L) from four Egyptian regions (Qalyoubia, Minufiya, Beheira and Alexandria Governments). When the 26S rDNA profiles were analysed by multivariate analysis, distinct microbial communities were detected. The band profiles of Physalis yeasts from different Governments were specific for each location and could be used as a bar code to discriminate the origin of the fruits. This method is a new traceability tool which provides fruit products with a unique biological bar code and makes it possible to trace back the fruits to their original location.

Quality of physalis (Physalis pubescenss L.) juice packaged in glass bottles and flexible laminated packs during storage at 5°c.

Husk tomato ( Physalis pubescens L.) is one of the important 100 species in the Physalis genus of the Solanaceae family. Among unexploited tropical fruits, Physalis is a very promising fruit. Physalis is included in the priority list of many governments' horticulture and fruit export plans. It is relatively unknown in importing markets and remains an exotic fruit. The important step toward developing Physalis as a commercial crop was maximizing its technological applications. The objective of our study was to prepare a new processed pasteurized Physalis juice and to study the effects of storage and packaging on its nutritional properties. The pulp was yellowish or orange with a yield of 64%. The fresh juice had a light sweet and acidic taste (pH 3.5). The titratable acidity was 1.43%, polyphenols 76.6mg/100mL and vitamin C 38.8mg/100mL. Physalis juice was rich in carotenoids (70μg/mL). The nutritional and bio-physical characteristics of Physalis juice packaged in glass bottles and flexible laminated packs during storage under refrigeration (5±1°C, 85-90%RH) for 6 months were studied. Carotenoids, polyphenolic substances and ascorbic acid contents were gradually reduced throughout cold storage, where this reduction was more pronounced in juice packaged in flexible laminated packs. A slight increase in total acidity was observed with cold storage prolongation, especially in juice packaged in flexible laminated packs. Significant differences in color were found between the same juice packaged either in glass bottles or in flexible laminated packs, where the juice color was darker in flexible laminated packs. It could be noticed that, there was no migration of Na ions from glass bottles to processed juice formulas during the cold storage period. In flexible laminated packs, a slight increase of Al ions throughout the cold storage period but not exceeding the safety limit of Al daily intake (3.5mg/day). It was concluded that Physalis juice packaged in glass bottles had higher storage stability than that packaged in flexible laminated packs.

Effect on the immunological competence of Physalis pubescens L. in mice

Effect of different parts of the Physalis pubescens L. (Pp) on the immunocompetence were investigated in Kunming mice inbred lines. After 35 consecutive days of feeding, the mice were sacrificed to evaluate the immunologic function through the relative weights of spleen and thymus, the delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), carbon particle clearance test and serum agglutination test. The results are summarised as follows: the pulp of Pp had statistically significant effect on the mice's non-specific immunity, but not on the weight of the mice's thymus. The Pp's pulp, peel and seeds had significant effect on the mice's cellular immunity, respectively, they had regulating effect on the mice's T-lymphocytes. Any part of Pp didn't have statistically significant effect on the mice's humoral immunity.

Fruit abscission by Physalis species as defense against frugivory

AbstractFruit abscission as a response to herbivory is well‐documented in many plant species, but its effect on further damage by mobile herbivores that survive fruit abscission is relatively unstudied. Physalis plants (Solanaceae) abscise fruit containing feeding larvae of their main frugivore, Heliothis subflexa Guenée (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), a specialist moth. We tested the ability of H. subflexa larvae placed under the plant canopy to find and climb onto two architecturally different Physalis species. Physalis pubescens L., a low, shrub‐like, spreading plant, abscises its fruit at a higher rate than Physalis angulata L., a tall arborescent plant. As a result, small larvae are more often dropped from P. pubescens. Third and fifth instars located P. pubescens faster and with a higher probability than P. angulata. Although fifth instars outperformed third‐instar caterpillars at finding P. angulata, P. pubescens was located equally fast by the two instars. Heliothis subflexa located Physalis plants more successfully and more quickly than a close relative, the generalist Heliothis virescens Fabricius. The higher fruit abscission rates in P. pubescens may be an evolved response to its greater susceptibility to searching caterpillars.

Heterotopic expression of MPF2 is the key to the evolution of the Chinese lantern of Physalis, a morphological novelty in Solanaceae.

Morphological novelties arise through changes in development, but the underlying causes of such changes are largely unknown. In the genus Physalis, sepals resume growth after pollination to encapsulate the mature fruit, forming the "Chinese lantern," a trait also termed inflated-calyx syndrome (ICS). STMADS16, which encodes a MADS-box transcription factor, is expressed only in vegetative tissues in Solanum tuberosum. Its ortholog in Physalis pubescens, MPF2, is expressed in floral tissues. Knockdown of MPF2 function in Physalis by RNA interference (RNAi) reveals that MPF2 function is essential for the development of the ICS. The phenotypes of transgenic S. tuberosum plants that overexpress MPF2 or STMADS16 corroborate these findings: these plants display enlarged sepals. Although heterotopic expression of MPF2 is crucial for ICS, remarkably, fertilization is also required. Although the ICS is less prominent or absent in the knockdown transgenic plants, epidermal cells are larger, suggesting that MPF2 exerts its function by inhibiting cell elongation and promoting cell division. In addition, severely affected Physalis knockdown lines are male sterile. Thus, heterotopic expression of MPF2 in floral tissues is involved in two novel traits: expression of the ICS and control of male fertility. Sequence differences between the promoter regions of the MPF2 and STMADS16 genes perhaps reflect exposure to different selection pressures during evolution, and correlate with the observed differences in their expression patterns. In any case, the effects of heterotopic expression of MPF2 underline the importance of recruitment of preexisting transcription factors in the evolution of novel floral traits.

Detection of Strawberry crinkle virus in plants and aphids by RT‐PCR using conserved L gene sequences

About 10% of the large (L) protein gene of Strawberry crinkle virus (SCV) was sequenced after amplification with degenerate primers designed to conserved regions of the rhabdovirus L protein. The virus sequence was extended to 1362 nucleotides through rapid amplification of cDNA ends. One pair of degenerate L gene primers amplified a 683‐bp fragment from four different isolates of SCV cultured in the experimental host Physalis pubescens; the nucleotide sequences of these fragments differed by < 1% to 10% indicating the suitability of this region as a diagnostic target. This information enabled the development of a reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT‐PCR) detection method for SCV using primers designed to the L gene sequence. SCV was amplified from infected P. pubescens (573 bp fragment) and from infected Chaetosiphon fragaefolii aphids (770 bp fragment). SCV was also detected by RT‐PCR in total RNA extracts from three strawberry plants showing symptoms typical of SCV infection but failed when the intensity of the disease symptoms decreased. However, both SCV positive‐sense RNA, and negative‐sense genomic RNA, were detected by nested PCR in chronically infected strawberry plants sampled in September.

Strawberry crinkle virus, a Cytorhabdovirus needing more attention from virologists

Summary Taxonomic relationship: A member of nonsegmented, negative-sense, single-stranded RNA viruses of the genus Cytorhabdovirus (type member: Lettuce necrotic yellows virus), family Rhabdoviridae, order Mononegavirales. Members of the family Rhabdoviridae can infect vertebrates, invertebrates and plants. Physical properties: Virions are bacilliform, 74-88 nm in diameter and 163-383 nm in length with surface projections probably composed of trimers of the glycoprotein G, occurring in the cytoplasm in either the coated or the uncoated form (Fig. 1). The nucleocapsid is enclosed in a host-derived envelope. Within the virion, the SCV genome consists of a single negative-sense single-stranded RNA molecule of approximately 13 kb. Viral proteins: The SCV genome encodes at least five proteins: the nucleocapsid (N) protein (45 kDa), the matrix (M) protein (77 kDa), the nonstructural protein [Ns, 55 kDa, also known as phosphoprotein (P)], the glycoprotein (G, 23 kDa) and the large (L) protein. Hosts: The natural host range of SCV is limited to species of the genus Fragaria L. Experimental hosts include Physalis pubescens L., P. floridana Rydb., Nicotiana occidentalis, N. glutinosa L. and N. clevelandi Gray. SCV also replicates in its insect vectors Chaetosiphon fragaefolii Cockerell and C. jacobi Hille Ris Lamberts. When injected as purified virus, SCV replicates in aphids Hyperomyzus lactucae (L.), Macrosiphon euphorbiae Thomas, Myzus ornatus Laing, Megoura viciae Buckton, and Acyrthosiphoa pisum (Harris).

Plant effects on prey choice by a vespid wasp, Polistes arizonensis

Abstract. The effects of sunflower, Helianthus annuus, and groundcherry, Physalis pubescens, eaten by the tobacco budworm (Heliothis virescens), on predation by paper wasps (Polistes arizonensis) were examined. Polistes arizonensis foragers took more caterpillars from H. annuus plants than P. pubescens in paired‐choice tests. They took longer to locate prey and apparently gave up searching faster on artificial plants mimicking P. pubescens than on artificial plants mimicking H. annuus. In paired‐choice tests for chemical effects, wasps chose more caterpillars within H. annuus odour than in P. pubescens odour. They also chose more H. annuus‐reared larvae than P. pubescens‐reared larvae when they were presented without plants. Handling time was not affected.

TOWARDS MOLECULAR DETECTION METHODS FOR APHID-BORNE STRAW-BERRY VIRUSES

Intact rhabdovirus particles of strawberry crinkle virus (SCV) mechanically transmitted from Fragaria vesca UC-S to Physalis pubescens plants were purified. When these particles were used as an immunogen, it was not possible to obtain either a virus-specific polyclonal antiserum after rabbit immunization or monoclonal antibodies. Each of the major nucleocapsid proteins (N, Ns and M) were therefore purified by means of preparative electrophoresis and injected into mice. The polyclonal mouse antisera raised showed a specific reaction with SCV-infected P. pubescens sag. Work is in progress to obtain specific monoclonal antibodies. It is also possible to isolate one ssRNA of about 13 kb from purified particles of SCV. Relatively abundant dsRNA could be extracted from Nicotiana occidentalis 37B plants infected with strawberry mottle virus (SMoV). This dsRNA was composed of two bands of about 7.8 and 6.3 kbp which were DNase resistant. They became RNAse resistant in the presence of NaCI above 0.5 M. Work is in progress to make a cDNA library from purified dsRNA of SMoV. The need of replacing the leaf-graft indexing of strawberry for the major aphid-borne viruses in relation to the potential offered by the current knowledge on these viruses is discussed.

The genetic basis of host range in Heliothis virescens: larval survival and growth

AbstractLarval feeding was assayed in a generalist caterpillar (Heliothis virescens (F.)), a specialist caterpillar (Heliothis subflexa (Gn.)), their F1 hybrids and a backcross with H.s. to gain a preliminary understanding of the genetic basis of host use in H.v. Plants used in these experiments were tobacco (Nicotiana tabaccum), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), soybean (Glycine max) (hosts of H.v.) and ground cherry (Physalis pubescens) (host of H.s.).A feeding study of H.v., H.s. and their reciprocal hybrids showed that, after the first eight days of feeding, H.v. had its highest survival and weight gain on soybean and had lowest survival and weight gain on its non‐host, Physalis. H.s. had its highest survival and weight gain on its host plant, Physalis, and performed very poorly on the three non‐host plants. The two F1 hybrids were SV0 (offspring of H.s. female and H.v. male) and VS0 (offspring of H.v. female and H.s. male). The hybrids did not differ from each other, indicating no sex linkage or maternal effects, except that VS0 had greater weight gain on tobacco than did SV0. The hybrids, unlike their parents, survived well on all four host plants and their weight gain was intermediate on all four host plants.In a separate experiment the VS0 hybrid was mated to the specialist to produce the VS1 backcross. In contrast to the F1, the backcross had significantly lower survival than the generalist on soybean, cotton, tobacco and weight gain was lower on soybean, cotton and tobacco but higher on Physalis. Survival and weight gain on cotton and tobacco were inherited as partially dominant traits; on Physalis there was overdominance for survival and complete dominance for weight gain; on soybean both survival and weight gain were additive. Survival on cotton, Physalis, soybean and tobacco and weight gain on Physalis could not be completely explained by a model that included only dominance and additive effects. These traits may be influenced by epistatic and/or environmental effects.

Yellow mottle of tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa) caused by physalis mottle virus

Tomatillo (Physalis ixocarpa) is being evaluated as a food crop in Louisiana. Preliminary studies indicate that virus diseases may be the major factor limiting production. A foliar mosaic and yellow mottle disease was found commonly affecting plants in experimental plots. The cause of the disease was identified as physalis mottle virus (PhyMV). The virus was identified by host reaction, serology and dsRNA analysis. Other viruses found less frequently included cucumber mosaic virus and tomato spotted wilt virus. The flea beetle, Epitrix cucumeris, transmitted PhyMV experimentally. The annual weed Physalis pubescens was found naturally infected with PhyMV near infected tomatillo.

Suitability of Foliage of Tomatoes and Three Weed Hosts for Oviposition and Development of Liriomyza trifolii (Diptera: Agromyzidae)

Ovipositional preference, fecundity, and development of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) were studied under laboratory conditions on tomatoes, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. Walter; American black nightshade, Solanum americanum Mill.; common beggartick, Bidens alba (L.) DC.; and downy groundcherry, Physalis pubescens L. Tomato-reared L. trifolii were studied on all four hosts, and nightshade- and beggar-tick-reared L. trifolii were studied on tomatoes. L. trifolii reared from tomatoes and beggar-tick preferred tomatoes and nightshade for oviposition, whereas females reared from nightshade preferred nightshade. Fecundity of females reared from tomatoes was significantly greater on foliage of tomatoes and nightshade than on foliage of beggar-tick and groundcherry. L. trifolii reared from nightshade were more fecund on tomato foliage than females reared from beggar-tick. Larval and pupal development times in tomato foliage were similar regardless of the origin of the females. Development for larvae that hatched from eggs laid by tomato-reared females was significantly shorter in foliage of nightshade and tomatoes.

ChemInform Abstract: Physapubenolide and Pubescenin, Two New Ergostane‐type Steroids from Physalis pubescens L.

Chemischer InformationsdienstVolume 17, Issue 8 Natural Products ChemInform Abstract: Physapubenolide and Pubescenin, Two New Ergostane-type Steroids from Physalis pubescens L. E. GLOTTER, E. GLOTTERSearch for more papers by this authorM. SAHAI, M. SAHAISearch for more papers by this authorI. KIRSON, I. KIRSONSearch for more papers by this authorH. E. GOTTLIEB, H. E. GOTTLIEBSearch for more papers by this author E. GLOTTER, E. GLOTTERSearch for more papers by this authorM. SAHAI, M. SAHAISearch for more papers by this authorI. KIRSON, I. KIRSONSearch for more papers by this authorH. E. GOTTLIEB, H. E. GOTTLIEBSearch for more papers by this author First published: February 25, 1986 https://doi.org/10.1002/chin.198608280Read the full textAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume17, Issue8February 25, 1986 RelatedInformation

Physapubenolide and pubescenin, two new ergostane-type steroids from Physalis pubescens L. (Solanaceae)

Structures of two new ergostane-type steroids which occur in the leaves of a variety of Physalis pubescens L. (Solanaceae) growing in India were established by spectral analysis and chemical transformations. Physapubenolide (2a) is (20S,22R)-15α-acetoxy-5β,6β-epoxy-4β,14β-dihydroxy-1-oxo-witha-2,24-dienolide. Pubescenin (6a) is (20S,22R)-24,25-epoxy-1α-hydroxy-3β-(O-β-D-glucopyranosyl) with-5-enolide.

Liriomyza trifolii: Oviposition and Development in Foliage of Tomato and Common Weed Hosts

Oviposition and development of Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) were studied in the laboratory in foliage of tomato, Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cv. `Walter,' a common nightshade, Solanum nodiflorum Jacq., common beggar-tick, Bidens alba (L.) DC., and downy groundcherry, Physalis pubescens L. Liriomyza trifolii oviposited successfully in foliage of all plant species. However, females exposed simultaneously to all plant species deposited more eggs per cm^2 of tomato foliage than per cm^2 of foliage of the other plant species. Differences among plant species in percent egg hatch, percent pupation or pupal weight of L. trifolii were not significant. Larvae pupated most rapidly from foliage of nightshade.

Abnormal spindle behaviour in induced autotetraploid, Physalis pubescens L.

In the colchicine induced autotetraploid Physalis pubescens L., meiotic spindle abnormality was observed in one plant. It is probable that the colchicine treatment may have disturbed the spindle organiser, thereby causing abnormal spindle behaviour. The genetic basis for this abnormality (multipolar spindle) could not be established on account of lack of seed set in the plant showing the abnormal spindle behavior.

Transmission of Potato Leaf Roll Virus by the Green Peach Aphid1,2

An electronic monitoring system was used to record, on indicator plants, the feeding behavior of individual green peach aphids, Myzus persicae (Sulzer), that had been reared on excised leaflets of potato plants known to be infected with potato leaf roll virus. Transmission of the PLRV to the indicator plants, Physalis pubescens (L.), was proportional to the amount of salivation–ingestion recorded, 4% infected after 1 min of such activity to 74% at 15 min.