Russian Phrases Research Articles

Chromatin modifiers in endometriosis pathogenesis

Introduction. It was revealed that various epigenetic abnormalities may play an important role in the endometriosis pathogenesis. The regulation of chromatin structure is carried out mainly by chromatin modifiers (CMs), which stimulate generation of genomic regions with different functional structures and thus change the patterns or levels of gene expression by exerting expected biological functions and causing epigenetic changes.Aim: to consider СМs role in endometriosis pathogenesis and their regulation mechanism assessing current publications.Materials and Methods. The search was conducted in the databases PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar and eLibrary. Keywords and phrases in Russian and English related to the research topic were used as follows: "endometriosis", "chromatin modifiers", "histone acetylation", "DNA methylation", "microRNA", "endometriosis", "chromatin modifiers", "histone acetylation", "DNA methylation", "microRNA". The evaluation of articles was carried out in accordance with PRISMA recommendations.Results. Chromatin modifiers control differentiation, growth and development, aging and cell death by interacting with various functional chromatin elements. They can cause abnormal gene expression by regulating chromatin structure affecting emergence and development of endometriosis. DNA methylation determines cell types, controls gene expression and genome stability. Abnormal DNA methylation in gene promoter regions necessary for normal endometrial response affects endometriosis development. DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitors reduce the methylation of human homeobox A10 (HOXA10) and progesterone receptor (PR) genes and potentiate their expression in endometrial cells, improving endometrial susceptibility and inhibiting cell cycle progression. Abnormal histone modifications in endometrial cells may facilitate or hinder the access of transcription mechanisms to chromatin DNA. Histone deacetylase inhibitors effectively eliminate the effects of abnormal histone modifications in endometriosis cells and prevent endometriosis progression. The expression of non-coding RNAs and chromatin remodeling complexes also alters chromatin structure being involved in arising endometriosis and is associated with infertility by promoting proliferation, invasion and migration of endometriod cells.Conclusion. Chromatin modifiers play a key role in developing endometriosis by controlling gene expression and chromatin structure. Understanding underlying mechanisms provides valuable information for diagnostics and development of new approaches to treat endometriosis.

Tobacco Smoking as a Risk Factor of Hearing Impairment in Workers Exposed to Occupational Noise: A Literature Review

Background: Sensorineural hearing loss ranks first among occupational diseases in workers of noisy occupations. Recent studies have proven the role of tobacco smoking as a risk factor for hearing impairment in workers exposed to industrial noise. Objective: To summarize and systematize the results of studying the impact of tobacco smoking on hearing impairment in workers employed in noisy jobs. Materials and methods: We have searched Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, and RSCI databases for the studies published in 1990–2023 using the following keywords and phrases in Russian and English: smoking, hearing loss, occupational noise-induced hearing loss, sensorineural hearing loss, noise, and pathogenesis. Materials from 36 full-text sources containing information on the role of tobacco smoking and the pathogenetic mechanisms of hearing loss in individuals exposed to noise at work were used for the review. Results: Currently, there is no consensus on primary targets and the main pathogenetic mechanism of hearing loss. An increasing role in its development has been assigned recently to metabolic disorders with subsequent activation of signaling pathways leading to cell apoptosis. We have established that tobacco smoking can be an independent risk factor for hearing loss at high frequencies, while the combined exposure to tobacco smoking and occupational noise has an additive effect. Smoking can act as an independent factor causing hearing impairment at lower noise levels in the workplace, and quitting smoking reduces the risk of hearing loss. Conclusion: Our findings allow us to expand the understanding of the role of tobacco smoking in hearing loss in workers employed in noisy jobs and the pathogenetic mechanisms of hearing impairment related to chronic occupational noise exposure in smokers in order to substantiate a comprehensive, integrated approach to its treatment and prevention.

Catchy but Not New: "Indivisible Security" in the Chinese Foreign Policy Lexicon

Abstract: "Indivisible security" is included as one principle of China's Global Security Initiative, which was outlined in April 2022. Because, in English, the term is generally associated with Russian framing of its pursuit of security, of interest to this article is whether China is mimicking the Russian phrase in its own usage. Searching for the Chinese equivalent of "indivisible security" (anquan bukefenge) in databases, the authors find that the specific use has a certain tradition in China. The findings should be helpful in future dialogues and debates over Chinese rhetorical framings of security, and in appraising the country's self-rationalisation of specific foreign policy actions.

Exploring the Role of Animal Phrases in English and Russian

Phrases are used to express emotions and states of mind. Phrases are a special lexical level of any language, reflecting the culture of the people and are widely used in various fields of communication. The aim of this paper is to study animal phrases in English and Russian. Firstly, phraseology is studied as a science, phrases are categorized and the concept of " animal " is defined. The second part of the discussion is devoted to the semantic classification of English and Russian phrases with the word "animal" and their comparative analysis. The semantic character of the phrases depends on the semantics of the animal words, which reflect the everyday experience of Russians and Englishmen, their historical and cultural experience, their national mentality and the uniqueness of their evaluation of the world around them. The study of English and Russian phrases allows us to gain a deeper insight into the history and character of the two peoples, to compare the pictures and imagery of the two countries, and thus to better understand their languages. Both languages play a fundamental role in our time. Phrases have already been the subject of a great deal of linguistic research.

Magnetic resonance imaging in cervical cancer: current opportunities of radiomics analysis and prospects for its further developmen

Introduction. Due to the dynamic development of modern imaging technologies in recent years, much attention has been paid to radiomics particularly texture analysis. The complexity of clinically evaluated tumor procession in cervical cancer (CC) accounts for a need to expand knowledge on applying medical imaging technologies in oncologic diagnostics spanning from predominantly qualitative analysis to a multiparametric approach, including a quantitative assessment of study parameters.Aim: to analyze the literature data on the use of radiomics and image texture analysis in diagnostics and prediction of aggressiveness of oncogynecological diseases including СС.Materials and Methods. A 2016–2023 systematic literature search was carried out in the PubМed/MEDLINE, eLibrary, Scopus databases, NCCN, ESUR, ACR resources. All publications on radiomics and image texture analysis used in CC diagnostics and prediction were investigated, with queries for key words and phrases in Russian and English: «cervical cancer», «radiomics»,«texture analysis», «oncology». The study included full-text sources and literature reviews on the study subject. Duplicate publications were excluded.Results. The features and advantages of using radiomics and image texture analysis in CC diagnostics were summarized. The introduction of the radiomic approach has expanded the views on interpretation of medical imaging data. The radiomics-based parameters extracted from digital images revealed high informativeness in some studies that contribute to improving diagnostic accuracy as well as expanding opportunities for predicting therapeutic effectiveness in CC patients.Conclusion. Radiomics used in diagnostics of oncogynecologic diseases including СС is one of the promising actively developing areas of analysis in radiology that requires to be further investigated.

Вторичная неопластическая глаукома, ключевые аспекты этиопатогенеза

Purpose. To analyze the literature on the main aspects of etiology, pathogenesis of secondary glaucoma in tumor diseases of visual organs. Material and methods. PubMed, Scopus and eLIBRARY databases for the period up to 2022 were used for article selection, and the following keywords were used in the mesh: secondary glaucoma, tumor, neovascularization, pigment dispersion (and the same phrases in Russian). Results. The literature review presents various pathological mechanisms of developing secondary glaucoma. The reasons of decreased outflow of intraocular fluid of drainage and embedded (uveoscleral) pathways, lead to the increase of intraocular pressure in neoplastic glaucoma and depend on the type of eye tumor, its localization and size. This determines the necessity for a differentiated approach to the treatment of patients with secondary glaucoma and the development of pathogenetically oriented methods of treatment. Conclusion. Almost all of the intraocular tumors can potentially lead to increase of intraocular pressure. The pathomechanisms of neoplastic glaucoma are very diverse, but the leading ones are blocking of the anterior chamber angle drainage zone by tumor, neovascularization of the anterior chamber angle structures and anterior iris-lens diaphragm displacement. In all cases, the increase in intraocular pressure is associated with the violation of aqueous humor outflow through the main drainage paths of the eye. Currently, secondary glaucoma is not given enough attention, but this problem is extremely relevant in ophthalmology. Key words: secondary glaucoma, tumor, neovascular, pigment dispersion

Study of stable expressions by comparing phraseological units of the Russian and English languages

The main content of this study is the analysis of stable expressions in Russian and English. The article reveals the content of the concept of "phraseology", it examines the classification of phraseological units in modern linguistics, describes the problems that can be encountered when translating phraseological units from one language to another. Special attention is paid to the difference of phraseological variants in the context of interlanguage study, as well as the relationship between language and culture, national understanding of mentality, the essence of language, the need for scientific study of the communicative function of society in cognitive and discursive aspects. The purpose of the study is to analyze phraseological phrases in Russian and English, to identify their stylistic and grammatical features. The structural and semantic characteristics of phraseological units of the Russian and English languages and the principles of their classification are considered. Special attention is paid to the regularities of the functioning of phraseological units in the system of modern linguistics. It is argued that the conclusions obtained as a result of this study are important for intercultural understanding and communication, as well as for effective learning of foreign languages. The author proves the urgent need to improve the stylistic literacy of teachers and students, translators, lexicographers, and also emphasizes the importance of phraseological research in the context of demonstrating the relationship between language and society.

Models of neuroinflammation for the assessment of kappa-opioid receptor ligands

The development of new drugs to combat neuroinflammation is highly relevant as it opens up possibilities for the treatment of a wide range of diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, epilepsy, schizophrenia, depression, and others. Kappa-opioid agonists represent a promising class of compounds with а high potential to be used in the treatment of neurological conditions accompanied by neuroinflammation.The aim of the study was to provide a summary of the current strategies employed to evaluate the neurotropic anti-inflammatory effects of kappa-opioid ligands in laboratory animals with induced neuroinflammation.Materials and methods. The databases, such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scopus, e-Library were used as search tools. The search comprised the following keywords and phrases in Russian and English: kappa opioids + neuroinflammation; kappa opioid receptors + neuroinflammation; neuroinflammation models; neuroinflammation models in rats, neuroinflammation models in mice. 148 relevant articles were found, 122 were included in this review.Results. Various experimental models of neuroinflammation, including chemically-induced and bacterial endotoxin-induced neuroinflammation, as well as traumatic and genetic models in mice and rats were evaluated. In addition, the strengths and limitations of each model were critically assessed to identify the most appropriate and reliable approach for investigating the relationship between neuroinflammation and signaling pathways associated with kappa-opioid receptors.Conclusion. The neurotropic anti-inflammatory activity of kappa-opioid ligands have been comprehensively described. The review discusses both experimental models where the effects of kappa-opioid agonists have been investigated, as well as the models where the anti-inflammatory properties of kappa-opioid agonists have not been studied yet.

Concealed pied‐piping in Russian: On left‐branch extraction, parasitic gaps, and the nature of discontinuous nominal phrases

AbstractWe use parasitic gaps to examine left‐branch extraction from nominal phrases in Russian. We observe that the interpretation of a parasitic gap in a context with left‐branch extraction is the same as the interpretation assigned when an entire nominal phrase is moved. Thus we argue that Russian left‐branch extraction involves concealed pied‐piping of an entire nominal phrase, rather than true extraction of a left branch. We go on to explore the consequences of this analysis for several other topics.

СИНТАКСИЧЕСКИЕ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ ПРИ ПЕРЕВОДЕ ХУДОЖЕСТВЕННЫХ ПРОИЗВЕДЕНИЙ С КОРЕЙСКОГО НА РУССКИЙ ЯЗЫК НА ПРИМЕРЕ ПЕРЕВОДА

The paper examined randomly selected sentences from the novel “Princess Bari” on the basis of available research, also compared and analyzed the original language and the translation language as a kind of translation transformation in the theory of comparative stylistics. In addition, this work can be considered the first study devoted to the previously unaffected comparison of syntactic transformation of the Korean and Russian languages. This study is of a formal nature and is aimed at comparing phrases. The relevance of the work is to present the main provisions of the study on the relationship between translation transformation and translation competence in general, so that the functions of translation transformation can contribute to a deeper understanding of the functions of grammatical categories. The comparison of the syntactic transformation of Korean and Russian phrases also deserves comparative linguistic research. This article includes: firstly, an analysis of previous studies of syntactic transformation; secondly, a comparison of the specifics of syntactic phrases in the Russian and Korean languages; thirdly, a discussion of the features of the syntactic transformation of the original text of the modern Korean work “Princess Bari” and its translation into Russian. Further in the work follows the analysis of the study and its results. In the end of the article, the relevant conclusions are drawn.

Современные методы визуализации угла передней камеры глаза в диагностике и лечении глаукомы

Purpose. To analyze the literature reflecting the main modern methods of visualizing the angle of the anterior chamber of the eye, which are used in patients with glaucoma. Material and methods. To perform the review, a search was carried out for literature sources on the Pubmed, Scopus and Elibrary reference databases for the period up to 2022 inclusive using the following keywords: anterior camera angle, gonioscopy, electronic gonioscopy, optical coherence tomography, ultrasound biomicroscopy and the same phrases in Russian. Results. The variety of clinical and morphological forms of glaucoma, the wide prevalence, frequency of occurrence and steady growth of this disease require timely diagnostics, as well as dynamic monitoring of the results of conservative and surgical treatment in patients with glaucoma. Despite the importance of such a diagnostic method as gonioscopy, ophtalmologists still do not use it sufficiently, the frequency of its application during the first visit to the doctor for glaucoma varies from 17.96 to 45.9%. There are also additional instrumental methods of examination of patients with glaucoma that allow an objective assessment of the structures of the eye anterior segment: automated gonioscopy, optical coherence tomography of the eye anterior segment and ultrasound biomicroscopy. These methods can be used both for the primary diagnosis of glaucoma and its dynamic observation, as well as for choosing surgical treatment tactics and monitoring its results thanks to high-precision visualisation and image documentation. Each of them has its own characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, depending on the specifics of the disease and the presence of concomitant ocular pathology, which are described in this article. Conclusion. Taking into account the variety of clinical forms of glaucoma and the insufficient equipment of medical institutions, especially primary care, it can be concluded that it is necessary to improve diagnostic algorithms. Methods such as electronic gonioscopy, optical coherence tomography of the eye anterior segment and ultrasound biomicroscopy will make the diagnostic process more accurate and informative, help to correctly diagnose and determine treatment tactics for both primary care physicians and surgeons. The possibility of documenting the results obtained and creating a system for their analysis can contribute to the founding of a generalized database, which will greatly simplify and accelerate the process of providing care to patients with glaucoma. Key words: glaucoma, anterior chamber angle, gonioscopy, electronic gonioscopy, optical coherence tomography, ultrasound biomicroscopy

MODERN ASPECTS OF STUDYING RUSSIAN TERMINOLOGY BY INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS AT THE PREPARATORY DEPARTMENT IN A TECHNICAL UNIVERSITY

In this study, one of the aspects of teaching Russian as an international language, namely the teaching of mathematical terms in the preparatory department of a technical university in Russia, is considered. The relevance of this subject has arisen due to the growing number of international students in Russian universities and the need for them to master the Russian language as soon as possible to continue their studies at Russian universities. This work aims to describe the learning process of Russian scientific vocabulary and terminology of technical disciplines, especially the language of mathematics, by international students from the countries of the former Soviet Union studying at the Preparatory Department of Tomsk State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering. The complexity of mastering scientific vocabulary in Russian arises from the characteristic differences between Russian and Turkic languages. A linguistic experiment was conducted in which students heard and wrote down scientific terms, words, and phrases in Russian. Students were given a dictation test rich in scientific vocabulary. The results have been gathered, and numerous errors in spelling scientific terms have been pointed out. Studies in Russian universities take place mainly in Russian, with active use of scientific vocabulary, which is extremely difficult for people who are just beginning to learn Russian. After correcting the mistakes and explaining the correct spelling of the words, the dictation is repeated. The results obtained are compared. The features of deviations from the norm are identified, described, and structured, and options for working on the implementation of a program for the development of normative writing skills in international students are suggested. For example, it is quite challenging to determine the boundaries of a word, to identify differences between prefixes and prepositions, the normative spelling of vowels in the endings of nouns, adjectives, and verbs, and the spelling of fricative consonants.

THE STRUCTURE AND MEANING OF PHRASES WITH PREPOSITIONS "О" (ABOUT), "ПО" (ON), "ДЛЯ" (FOR) AND "С" (WITH), WHICH CORRESPOND TO PREPOSITIONAL PHRASE WITHOUT PREPOSITION IN PERSIAN

The article is devoted to the structural and semantic analysis of phrase with prepositions "о" (about), "по" (on), "для" (for) and "с" (with), which correspond to prepositional phrases without preposition in the Persian language. The research resources have been applied to current work include «Russian-Persian Dictionary by G.А. Voskanyan» [1] and «Comprehensive Dictionary "Sokhan"», edited by H. Anvari [10]. Russian phrases with prepositions cause various difficulties for Iranian students when translating into Persian or from Persian into Russian. The purpose of this work is a structural and semantic analysis of phrases with prepositions "о" (about), "по" (on), "для" (for) and "с" (with), as well as the analysis of the corresponding structures in the Persian language. The article shows that, Russian phrases with the mentioned prepositions that have the structure of "noun + preposition + noun" while expressing different meanings, correspond to the Persian phrases without prepositions that have different components of the word in their composition. The results can be used practically for teaching the Russian language to Iranian learners, as well as in order to minimize the mistakes of Iranian students when using and translating Russian phrases with these prepositions.

Ethical dative and prepositional genitive in conflict-inducing phrases in Russian

Ethical dative and prepositional genitive in conflict-inducing phrases in Russian

Problems of Development of the Uzbek Language in Current Society

The article analyzes the status and history of the Uzbek language in Central Asia, the relationship with foreign languages, the state policy in the development of the Uzbek language, the impact of Russian phrases on Uzbek speech. The article is the result of practical observations of the Uzbek language in public life. The article is important in terms of studying the phrases learned from the Russian language in the Uzbek spoken language. Issues related to it are among the most studied articles in Uzbek sociolinguistics. In this regard, some of the points raised in the article may be controversial. Methods: analysis-synthesis, diachronic and synchronous, comparative and extra linguistic analysis determine the method of the article. Uzbek language is associated with the development in recent years, the study of problems and their solutions of the article identified as goals and tasks.

A Cognitive Linguistic Study of Comparative Set Phrases in Russian and Swedish

This paper examines the linguistic-cognitive potential of comparative set phrases based on the material of two languages. The originality of the study lies in the consideration of two groups of phraseological units (fixed comparisons and paremias that explicitly or implicitly verbalize comparisons) and the identification of similarities and differences both between these groups in each language and individually between Russian and Swedish. The object of study was Russian and Swedish fixed comparisons characterizing a smart and stupid person, as well as comparative paremia, expressing the opposition ‘intelligencestupidity’. The aim of the study was to identify common and culturally conditioned mental attitudes and standards of comparison. The sources of material for study included dictionaries of Russian fixed comparisons, Vladimir Dal’s collection of proverbs, a phraseological dictionary of the Swedish language and dictionaries of Swedish proverbs. A thematic classification is offered of the standards of fixed comparisons with the bases ‘stupid’ and ‘smart’ in both languages. Structural models of the paremias of the thematic group ‘intelligence-stupidity’, expressing a comparison in both languages, are highlighted; mental attitudes verbalized by these units are described. The study found that the Russian language has a closer relationship between units within set comparisons and comparative paremias than in Swedish. In both languages, zoonyms are the predominant thematic group of standards. The differences include the presence in the Russian units of standards related to the household sphere and mythologems. Swedish comparative paremias are structurally different from Russian ones. While Russian paremias express the ideas that an excessively direct and simple person is stupid; a stupid person is like a child; and it is useless to teach a person stupid by nature, Swedish units offer a logical and philosophical comparison of intelligence and stupidity. The culture-specific components of Russian paremias include a large body of household vocabulary while words denoting old measures of weight serve the same function in Swedish.

EDITORIAL NOTES IN LEZGIN LEXICOGRAPHY (Оn the material of the Lezgin-Russian dictionary)

The article deals with some controversial, and sometimes even unacceptable for Lezgin lexicography points. These are, in particular, questions of inadequate translations, complete and partial lexical inconsistencies in illustrative Lezgin and Russian phrases, and inadequate transmission of grammatical and syntactic forms.

O‘ZBEK TILINING JAMIYATDA QO‘LLANILISHI BILAN BOG’LIQ AYRIM MULOHAZALAR

The article analyzes the status and history of the Uzbek language in Central Asia, the relationship with foreign languages, the state policy in the development of the Uzbek language, the impact of Russian phrases on Uzbek speech. The article is the result of practical observations of the Uzbek language in public life. The article is important in terms of studying the phrases learned from the Russian language in the Uzbek spoken language. Issues related to it are among the most studied articles in Uzbek sociolinguistics. In this regard, some of the points raised in the article may be controversial

DIGITAL TECHNOLOGIES FOR COGNITIVE LINGUISTICS STUDIES IN MAGISTRACY

The field of higher education in Russia is undergoing significant changes that require reviewing past practices and professional activities. This article aims to study the potential of using modern digital technologies in linguistic experiments in cognitive linguistics regarding writing master’s degree theses.The analysis of recent cognitive studies has shown that the area for this research is diverse and includes investigating aspects of cognitive semantics, translation techniques, concordance, phrase variability, and others. Research results show that cognitive science widely uses empirical data received through digital technologies such as Google. This digital tool can be accessible and suitable for linguistic experiments and the author demonstrates its application.The paper presents a model of the linguistic experiment on studying the variability of the structure of a conceptual binominal phrase in Russian and English. According to the obtained results, Russian users of the Internet feature a higher tendency for changing the order the binomial concepts than the English-speaking ones. These data provide language material for conclusions and further considerations from a cognitive perspective. The framework of this experiment can be a motivating factor for those who want to master their research and language skills in the magistracy.

Behavioural Practices of the Russian Imperial Court in the Biography of Ekaterina Dolgorukova, Princess Yuryevskaya

This review analyses a monograph written by Yulia Safronova, a St Petersburg-based specialist in the era of the Great Reforms, who makes an attempt to create the first historical biography of Princess Dolgorukova, the long-time mistress and then morganatic wife of Emperor Alexander II. The reviewer describes the structure of Safronova’s work, considers the methods of studying sources, and indicates the details of Yuryevskaya’s biography that have been clarified thanks to Safronova’s research. The source base of the work comprises approximately 5,000 letters by Alexander II and Princess Dolgorukova stored in the State Archive of the Russian Federation and written in French with single words or phrases in Russian, which the author considers a sort of “speech play” between the confidants. In Safronova’s study, the correspondence between Alexander II and his “Katya” is presented as a multifaceted source on the issues of Russian domestic and foreign policy, the history of the male and the female, sexuality, parenting, and, most importantly, the history of everyday practices of the Russian imperial court. The reviewer points out topics successfully developed by the author of the work, characterises the style of the author’s narrative, and identifies the subjects that need further research. The reviewer concludes that Safronova managed to successfully write an interesting biographical work thanks to a number of factors, such as wellfounded research, scrupulous and comprehensive work with sources, and a composed writing style, which allows the author to stay within the scope of scholarly discourse even when considering certain intimate issues that are difficult to analyse in an academic text.