Phosphate Nanocomposite Research Articles

Designed synthesis of prussian blue@Cu-doped zinc phosphate nanocomposites for chemo/chemodynamic/photothermal combined cancer therapy.

Designing a multifunctional nanoplatform that combines multiple treatments has emerged as an innovative cancer treatment strategy. A simple and clear route is put forward to develop Cu2+-doped zinc phosphate coated prussian blue nanoparticles (designated as PB@Cu2+/ZnP NPs) integrating tri-modal therapy (chemo, chemodynamic and photothermal therapy) for maximizing anti-tumor efficacy. The obtained PB@Cu2+/ZnP NPs possess drug loading capacity due to the mesoporous structure present in the Cu2+-doped ZnP shell. In addition, the Cu2+-doped ZnP shell can gradually degrade in response to the mildly acidic tumor microenvironment to release DOX and Cu2+, where the released drug plays the role of chemotherapy agent and the Cu2+ can react with intracellular glutathione to achieve a Cu-mediated Fenton-like reaction for chemodynamic therapy. Moreover, under laser irradiation, the heat garnered by the photothermal conversion of PB can be applied for photothermal therapy and enhance the generation of toxic ˙OH as well as the amount of DOX released, further boosting chemo- and chemodynamic therapy to realize a combined therapy. Importantly, the PB@Cu2+/ZnP NPs effectively limit the growth of tumors via the coordinated action of chemo/chemodynamic/photothermal therapy and no noticeable systematic toxicity can be found in mice. Taken together, the PB@Cu2+/ZnP NPs can act as a prospective therapeutic nanoplatform for multi-modal therapy of tumors.

Synergistic redox enhancement: silver phosphate augmentation for optimizing magnesium copper phosphate in efficient energy storage devices and oxygen evolution reaction.

The implementation of battery-like electrode materials with complicated hollow structures, large surface areas, and excellent redox properties is an attractive strategy to improve the performance of hybrid supercapacitors. The efficiency of a supercapattery is determined by its energy density, rate capabilities, and electrode reliability. In this study, a magnesium copper phosphate nanocomposite (MgCuPO4) was synthesized using a hydrothermal technique, and silver phosphate (Ag3PO4) was decorated on its surface using a sonochemical technique. Morphological analyses demonstrated that Ag3PO4 was closely bound to the surface of amorphous MgCuPO4. The MgCuPO4 nanocomposite electrode showed a 1138 C g-1 capacity at 2 A g-1 with considerably improved capacity retention of 59% at 3.2 A g-1. The increased capacity retention was due to the fast movement of electrons and the presence of an excess of active sites for the diffusion of ions from the porous Ag3PO4 surface. The MgCuPO4-Ag3PO4//AC supercapattery showed 49.4 W h kg-1 energy density at 550 W kg-1 power density and outstanding capacity retention (92% after 5000 cycles). The experimental findings for the oxygen evolution reaction reveal that the initial increase in potential required for MgCuPO4-Ag3PO4 is 142 mV, indicating a clear Tafel slope of 49 mV dec-1.

Microstructural, electrical and mechanical characterizations of green-synthesized biocompatible calcium phosphate nanocomposites with morphological hierarchy

The present work reports the development of novel ternary silver-silver phosphate-biphasic calcium phosphate nanocomposites by plant-extract mediated hydrothermal route. Unique epitaxial morphological growth of the Ag–Ag3PO4 core-shell structure influences the internal grain-grain boundary arrangement. The green-assisted development of the constituent phases helps significant biocompatibility enhancement (∼89–93% for 50 μg/mL; 72 h). Hence long-term bone-replacement purposes and polar fluid osmosis are favorable due to higher cell attachment on the rough surface of the mesoporous nanocomposites. The heterogeneous attachment between the three phases creates defect states indicating intense interfacial polarization, as elucidated by the dielectric spectroscopic studies. The surface charge essential for bone regeneration is likely to be developed. Besides, the porous nanocomposite compacts exhibit superior phase-composition-dependent mechanical (Hardness ∼1.3 GPa; load 4.9 N) and dielectric properties (permittivity ∼1.2 × 103; 200 Hz, 613 K) helping in conduction through bones. Thus the green-synthesized ternary nanocomposites exhibit the essential aspects of a promising bone-implant material.

Facile synthesis of amorphous carbon-coated bismuth phosphate nanocomposite for lithium-ion battery anode with ultra-long cycle stability

Herein, we report a novel BiPO4@Ketjen Black nanocomposite as long cycle life lithium-ion battery anode. The BiPO4@Ketjen Black nanocomposite is obtained via a simple and mild molten salt preparation followed by post-milling. When assembled with metal lithium sheets for half battery, BiPO4@Ketjen Black nanocomposite delivers a high capacity and rate performance as 317 ​mAh g−1 with current density of 100 ​mA ​g−1 after 100 discharge-charge cycles and 210 ​mAh g−1 delithiation capacity at 200 ​mA ​g−1 after 1500 cycles. A superior result as 100 ​mAh g−1 delithiation capacity at 1 ​A g−1 after 5000 cycles is acquired with a very low capacity attenuation rate of 0.013% per cycle. The enhanced electrochemical performance of BiPO4@Ketjen Black nanocomposite can be attributed to the formation of Bi nanoparticles uniformly dispersed in Li3PO4 inert matrix and amorphous carbon during the lithium impregnation process in the first cycle. This work revealed that the as-prepared BiPO4@Ketjen Black anode has great potential for development in lithium ion batteries.

Enhancing glass ionomer cement features by using the calcium phosphate nanocomposite.

This study showed the synthesis of Glass ionomer cements (GIC) modified with calcium phosphate nanoparticles (nCaP). The nCaP/GIC were submitted to mechanical compression and diametral tensile tests. The biocomposite were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Cytotoxicity and cell viability tests were performed on the human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells using a 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)2,5-diphenyl- tetrazolium-bromide assay and LIVE/DEAD assays. Statistically significant differences were observed for mechanical properties (Kruskal-Wallis, p<0.001), nCaP/GIC showed higher resistance to compression and diametral traction. The SEM analyses revealed a uniform distribution nCaP in the ionomer matrix. The EDX and XRD results indicated that hydroxyapatite and calcium β-triphosphate phases. The FTIR spectra revealed the asymmetric band of ν3PO43- between 1100-1030cm-1 and the vibration band associated with ν1PO43- in 963cm-1 associated with nCaP. The nCaP/GIC presented response to adequate cell viability and non-cytotoxic behavior. Therefore, the new nCaP/GIC composite showed great mechanical properties, non-cytotoxic behavior, and adequate response to cell viability with promising dental applications.

Morphology, Crystal Size and Crystallinity Degree of Silica-Calcium Phosphate Composite (S) and Apatite Cement Formulation - &lt;i&gt;In Vitro&lt;/i&gt; Bioactivity Test

Silica-calcium phosphate nanocomposite (SCPC) is a porous bioactive resorbable bioactive ceramics. Incorporating apatite bone cement (AC) formulation of tetracalcium phosphate-dicalcium phosphate dihydrate and SCPC has contributed to the higher mechanical strength of a new prototype apatite cement formulation. This in-vitro experiment aims to investigate the bioactivity of AC formulation using simulated body fluid (SBF). The samples consist of two groups of AC formulations (n=4). The first group, AC with 10% SCPC and the second group AC without SCPC, was immersed in the SBF for 14 days. The samples before and after immersion were analyzed by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM). The samples' size and degree of crystallinity were analyzed statistically using Shapiro-Wilk, Levene, and Mann-Whitney test. As a result, there was no significant difference in the crystal size and the degree of the crystallinity of both samples. The surface morphology of all samples were coated with hydroxyapatite after immersing in the SBF solution. Both AC formulations with and without SCPC have bioactivity as the bone substitute materials. Combining AC with SCPC50 is a promising method to improve the bioactivity and mechanical strength of calcium phosphate bone cement.

Polypyrrole modified zirconium (IV) phosphate nanocomposite: An effective adsorbent for Cr(VI) removal by adsorption-reduction mechanism

A novel polypyrrole modified α-zirconium phosphate (PPY–ZrPO4) nanocomposite was synthesized by in situ oxidative polymerization method followed by the microwave irradiation process and then used for removal of hexavalent chromium. The physico-chemical properties of polypyrrole (PPY), α-zirconium phosphate (ZrPO4), and PPY-ZrPO4 were characterized by FTIR, XRD, Raman, Zeta potential, N2 adsorption-desorption isotherm, FESEM, TEM, TGA-DTA, and XPS techniques. The XRD data confirmed that our nanocomposite is crystalline in nature and the FTIR, Raman, and TGA data confirmed that organic PPY polymer interacts with ZrPO4 to form PPY-ZrPO4 nanocomposite. FESEM and TEM images of nanocomposite revealed that spherical PPY polymer agglomerate on the surface of ZrPO4 nanoparticles. The various adsorption parameters were optimized by batch adsorption experiment. The maximum removal of Cr(VI) (∼98.8%) occurred in 80 min of equilibrium time. The Cr(VI) adsorption followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isotherm model with a R2 value of 0.99 and a maximum adsorption capacity of 62.5 mg g−1. The thermodynamic data (ΔS = 0.102 kJ mol−1 K−1, ΔH = 29.35 kJ mol−1) revealed the spontaneity, endothermic nature, and feasibility of the adsorption process. XPS analysis indicated the simultaneous adsorption of Cr(VI) and in situ chemical reduction to less toxic Cr(III). The –N = and –NH– groups present on the surface of the material were responsible for in situ chemical reduction. Reusability studies showed a greater removal efficiency of ∼80% even after five adsorption-desorption cycles. Hence, the PPY-ZrPO4 nanocomposite could be used as a promising adsorbent for the removal of Cr(VI) from water.

Sono-chemical assisted synthesis of carbon nanotubes-nickel phosphate nanocomposites with excellent energy density and cyclic stability for supercapattery applications

Nickel phosphate (NiP) was synthesized by sono-chemical synthesis followed by calcination at 400 °C for 5 h. Synthesized NiP was blended with various concentrations (10, 30 and 50 wt%) of multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) to prepare the nanocomposites that were then characterized in terms of microstructure, morphology, composition, and electrochemical performance. Microscopic analysis showed the presence of uniformly distributed MWCNTs in NiP matrix in case of nanocomposites containing 50 wt% MWCNTS (NiP50CNT50) resulting in its better electrochemical performance than the other compositions. X-ray diffraction and Fourier transformed infra-red spectroscopic analysis also confirmed the synthesis of MWCNTs/NiP nanocomposites by showing that the characteristics peaks becoming broader and intense due to incorporation of CNTs. The electrochemical analysis of all the prepared nanocomposites presented that NiP50CNT50 has demonstrated the better specific capacity of 845 Cg−1 at 0.6 Ag−1. This composition also presented better asymmetric supercapacitor (ASC) device performance with specific capacity of 400 Cg−1 at 0.4 Ag−1, excellent energy density of 94.4 Wh kg−1 (at 340 W kg−1 power density) that decreases to 24.82 Wh kg−1 (at 10,200 W kg−1) which might be attributed to its higher surface area (32.4 m2/g) and adsorbed gas volume (168 cm3 g−1). ASC device showed a capacity retention of 95.5 % at 12 Ag−1 after 5000 charge/discharge cycles.

Enhanced photocatalytic degradation of Reactive Red 120 dye under solar light using BiPO4@g-C3N4 nanocomposite photocatalyst.

Azo dyes such as Reactive Red 120 raise great concerns about their increased harmfulness. Photocatalytic degradation is considered to be one of the most efficient techniques for Reactive Red 120 degradation. Herein, a highly solar active graphitic carbon nitride-assisted bismuth phosphate nanocomposite (BiPO4@g-C3N4) was synthesized by the thermal decomposition of melamine followed by the co-precipitation method. Various analytical techniques were utilized to characterize the prepared BiPO4, g-C3N4, and BiPO4@g-C3N4 nanocomposites. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) shows the nanorods and particle morphology of the bare BiPO4 and g-C3N4 respectively. Furthermore, the optical band gap energies of the BiPO4, g-C3N4, and BiPO4@g-C3N4 nanocomposite have been calculated to be 4.20, 2.66, and 2.68 eV respectively. Under sunlight, the BiPO4@g-C3N4 nanocomposite showed higher photocatalytic activity towards the degradation of RR120. The BiPO4@g-C3N4 nanocomposite efficiently degrades the RR120 under sunlight with a higher first-order reaction rate constant of 0.0145 min-1. This is seven times higher than that of bare BiPO4 (0.0019 min-1) nanorods and four times greater than g-C3N4 (0.0036 min-1). The photocatalytic efficiency was found to be maximum at pH 4 and decreased as the pH of the solution increased. Even after five recycle runs, the catalyst performance of the RR120 dye has decreased by less than 5%, indicating the high stability of the BiPO4@g-C3N4 nanocomposite. Furthermore, the radical trapping experiment demonstrates that the active species in the dye degradation process are holes and hydroxide radicals. The photocatalytic mechanism was proposed for the BiPO4@g-C3N4 nanocomposite and further validated by the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy analysis.

Dielectric and transport properties of copper-substituted bi-calcium phosphate nanocomposites: Its structural and microstructural evaluation

A detailed investigation of dielectric and electrical transport behavior of the compressed polycrystalline copper substituted biphasic calcium phosphate (Cu-BCP) [hydroxyapatite (HAp) + beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP)] was carried out. Their structural, microstructural, and chemical characterizations confirmed the phase purity, constituent phase percentages, and bulk porosity of the prepared nanocomposite due to Cu substitution. Due to increased Cu doping, the structural modifications helped to enhance dielectric permittivity with low dielectric loss. The impurity ion-induced defect states, secondary phase percentage, bulk porosity, and crystallinity have influenced the space charge polarization process within the grain-grain boundary-electrode interior. Porosity and phase regulated dielectric properties, unique impedance behavior, and rapidly increasing nonlinear leakage current suggest the suitability of the Cu-BCP nanocomposite in future device-based electroceramic applications.

Peptide-Enabled Nanocomposites Offer Biomimetic Reconstruction of Silver Diamine Fluoride-Treated Dental Tissues

Caries is the most ubiquitous infectious disease of mankind, and early childhood caries (ECC) is the most prevalent chronic disease in children worldwide, with the resulting destruction of the teeth recognized as a global health crisis. Recent the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval for the use of silver diamine fluoride (SDF) in dentistry offers a safe, accessible, and inexpensive approach to arrest caries progression in children with ECC. However, discoloration, i.e., black staining, of demineralized or cavitated surfaces treated with SDF has limited its widespread use. Targeting SDF-treated tooth surfaces, we developed a biohybrid calcium phosphate nanocomposite interface building upon the self-assembly of synthetic biomimetic peptides. Here, an engineered bifunctional peptide composed of a silver binding peptide (AgBP) is covalently joined to an amelogenin derived peptide (ADP). The AgBP provides anchoring to the SDF-treated tooth tissue, while the ADP promotes rapid formation of a calcium phosphate isomorph nanocomposite mimicking the biomineralization function of the amelogenin protein. Our results demonstrate that the bifunctional peptide was effective in remineralizing the biomineral destroyed by caries on the SDF-treated tooth tissues. The proposed engineered peptide approach offers a biomimetic path for remineralization of the SDF-treated tissues producing a calcium phosphate nanocomposite interface competent to be restored using commonly available adhesive dental composites.

Effect of both potassium phosphate and zinc nanocomposites prepared via gamma radiation on growth and productivity of potato under new reclaimed soils

Effect of both potassium phosphate and zinc nanocomposites prepared via gamma radiation on growth and productivity of potato under new reclaimed soils

Hybrid nanocomposite as a chest wall graft with improved vascularization by copper oxide nanoparticles.

Chest wall repair can be necessary after tumor resection or chest injury. In order to cover or replace chest wall defects, autologous tissue or different synthetic materials are commonly used, among them the semi-rigid gold standard Gore-Tex® and prolene meshes. Synthetic tissues include composite materials with an organic and an inorganic component. On the basis of previously reported hybrid nanocomposite poly-lactic-co-glycolic acid amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomposite (PLGA/aCaP), a CuO component was incorporated to yield (60%/35%/5%). This graft was tested in vitro by seeding with murine adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) for cell attachment and migration. The graft was compared to PLGA/CaCO3 and PLGA/hydroxyapatite, each providing the inorganic phase as nanoparticles. Further characterization of the graft was performed using scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, PLGA/aCaP/CuO was implanted as a chest wall graft in mice. After 4 weeks, total cell density, graft integration, extracellular matrix components such as fibronectin and collagen I, the cellular inflammatory response (macrophages, F4/80 and lymphocytes, CD3) as well as vascularization (CD31) were quantitatively assessed. The nanocomposite PLGA/aCaP/CuO showed a good cell attachment and cells migrated well into the pores of the electrospun meshes. Cell densities did not differ between PLGA/aCaP/CuO and PLGA/CaCO3 or PLGA/hydroxyapatite, respectively. When applied as a chest wall graft, adequate stability for suturing into the thoracic wall could be achieved. Four weeks post-implantation, there was an excellent tissue integration without relevant fibrotic changes and a predominating collagen I matrix deposition within the graft. Slightly increased inflammation, reflected by increased infiltration of macrophages could be observed. Vascularization of the graft was significantly enhanced when compared with PLGA/aCaP (no CuO). We conclude that the hybrid nanocomposite PLGA/aCaP/CuO is a viable option to be used as a chest wall graft. Surgical implantation of the material is feasible and provides stability and enough flexibility. Proper tissue integration and an excellent vascularization are characteristics of this biodegradable material.

Biomimetic Organic-Inorganic Nanocomposite Scaffolds to Regenerate Cranial Bone Defects in a Rat Animal Model.

While bone regenerates itself after an injury, a critical bone defect requires external interventions. Engineering approaches to restore bone provide a temporary scaffold to support the damage and provide beneficial biological cues for bone repair. Biomimetically generated scaffolds replicate the naturally occurring phenomena in bone regeneration. In this study, a gelatin-calcium phosphate nanocomposite was synthesized by an efficient and cost-effective double-diffusion biomimetic approach. Calcium and phosphate ions are impregnated in the gelatin, mimicking the natural bone mineralization process. Glutaraldehyde from 0.5 to 2 w/v% was used for gelatin cross-linking and mechanical properties of the scaffold, and its biological support for rat bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells was analyzed. Analysis of scanning electron microscopy images of the nanocomposite scaffolds and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) characterizations of these scaffolds confirmed precipitation of calcium phosphates in the gelatin. Moreover, lysozyme degradation assay showed that scaffold degradation reversely correlates with the concentration of the cross-linking agent. Increased glutaraldehyde concentrations enhanced the mechanical properties of the scaffolds, bringing them closer to those of cancellous bone. Rat bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells maintained their viability on these scaffolds compared to standard cell culture plates. In addition, these cells showed differentiation into bone lineage as evaluated from alkaline phosphatase activity up to 21 days and Alizarin red staining of the cells over 28 days. Eventually, scaffolds were implanted in a cranial defect in a rat animal model with a 5 mm diameter. Bone regeneration was studied over 90 days. Analysis of histological sections of the injury and computer tomography images revealed that nanocomposite scaffolds cross-linked with 1% w/v glutaraldehyde provide the maximum bone regeneration after 90 days. Collectively, our data show that nanocomposite scaffolds developed here provide effective regeneration for extensive bone defects in vivo.

Adsorptive features of cesium and strontium ions on zirconium tin(IV) phosphate nanocomposite from aqueous solutions

ABSTRACT In this study, the sorption of Cs(I) and Sr(II) onto zirconium tin(IV) phosphate (ZrSnP) nanocomposite was achieved using the batch technique. ZrSnP has been prepared by the sol–gel technique and characterised using different analytical tools such as FT-IR, XRF, XRD, TGA & DTA, SEM, and TEM. The data obtained from this study showed that the sorption process was a fast equilibrium time (120 min). The distribution coefficients have sequence order; Cs(I) ˃ Sr(II). Reaction kinetic obeys the pseudo-second-order model. The capacity has the values 50.0, and 29.8 mg/g for Cs(I) and Sr(II), respectively. Sorption isotherms are more relevant to a Langmuir isotherm. Negative Gibbs energy values proved that the sorption process was spontaneous with high feasibility. Positive enthalpy values reveal that this process was endothermic. Positive entropy values showed that disorder between the solid–liquid phase increased during adsorption. The real sample study reveals that ZrSnP is a promising sorbent for the removal of 134Cs and 85Sr from low-level radioactive waste. The investigation proved that the ZrSnP is suitable for the removal of Cs(I) and Sr(II) from radioactive waste and could be considered potential material for purification of effluent polluted with these ions.

Remineralization of human dentin type I collagen fibrils induced by carboxylated polyamidoamine dendrimer/amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomposite: an in vitro study

Intrafibrillar mineralization of type I collagen fibrils is of great significance in dental remineralization, which is the key of caries prevention and treatment. Herein, two substances that have the remineralization ability, carboxylated polyamidoamine dendrimer (PAMAM–COOH) and nano-sized amorphous calcium phosphate (n-ACP) were combined to synthesize a novel nanomaterial, carboxylated polyamidoamine dendrimer/amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomposite (PAMAM–COOH/ACP). This article aims to evaluate the remineralization effect of PAMAM–COOH/ACP of dentin type I collagen fibrils in vitro. Fluorescence labeling technique was innovatively used to observe and evaluate the remineralization effect. PAMAM–COOH/ACP showed superior remineralization ability of human dentin type I collagen fibrils, especially the intrafibrillar remineralization. Therefore, the novel nanomaterial PAMAM–COOH/ACP is promising to prevent and treat various diseases caused by dentin demineralization and to improve various dental materials.

Enhanced Mucosal Transport of Polysaccharide-Calcium Phosphate Nanocomposites for Oral Vaccination.

Oral vaccine has attracted much interest, as it can stimulate both mucosal and systemic immunity with noninvasive and good patient compliance. However, the oral vaccine efficiency is strongly constrained by the low absorption of antigens in the small intestine due to the mucosal barriers. Physicochemical characteristics of nanoparticles (NPs) have strong effects on antigen mucosal penetration, helping to improve immune response. However, surface functions of NPs on mucosal transportation have not been clearly understood. In this work, we elaborately investigated how the surface characteristics of mucoadhesive chitosan and its derivant act on oral antigen absorption and immune response. Core-shell chitosan- and o-carboxymethyl chitosan-coated calcium phosphate (CaP) nanocomposites have been fabricated to investigate the surface property effect on protein antigen delivery using the oral route. The interaction between polymer-coated CaP NPs and the intestinal mucosal layer was studied using mucin absorption, NP diffusion through the mucus layer, NP permeability across the epithelium monolayer, and their cellular uptake by antigen presenting cells in detail. Ex vivo mucosa distribution and in vivo oral immunization of polymer-coated CaP nanocomposites were further examined to demonstrate that the surface property of NPs affects CaP diffusion and penetration through the mucosal layer. As expected, OVA orally delivered by polymer-coated CaP nanocomposites improved the response of mucosal immunity compared to antigen OVA itself in vivo.

Valorization of Brewery Wastes for the Synthesis of Silver Nanocomposites Containing Orthophosphate.

Brewery wastes from stage 5 (Wort precipitate: BW5) and stage 7 (Brewer’s spent yeast: BW7) were valorized for the synthesis of silver phosphate nanocomposites. Nanoparticles were synthesized by converting silver salt in the presence of brewery wastes at different temperatures (25, 50, and 80 °C) and times (10, 30, and 120 min). Unexpectedly, BW7 yielded Ag3PO4 nanoparticles with minor contents of AgCl and Ag metal (Agmet). Contrastingly, BW5 produced AgCl nanoparticles with minor amounts of Ag3PO4 and Agmet. Nanocomposites with different component ratios were obtained by simply varying the synthesis temperature and time. The morphology of the nanocomposites contained ball-like structures representative of Ag3PO4 and stacked layers and fused particles representing AgCl and Agmet. The capping on the nanoparticles contained organic groups from the brewery by-products, and the surface overlayer had a rich chemical composition. The organic overlayers on BW7 nanocomposites were thinner than those on BW5 nanocomposites. Notably, the nanocomposites exhibited high antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. The antibacterial activity was higher for BW7 nanocomposites due to a larger silver phosphate content in the composition and a thin organic overlayer. The growth of Agmet in the structure adversely affected the antimicrobial property of the nanocomposites.

Synthesis of bi-functional Ni/Co phosphate nanocomposites for Peroxymonosulphate activation and supercapacitor electrode

The hierarchical Ni3(PO4)2/Co3(PO4)2 nanocomposites were fabricated by one step hydrothermal technique via immersing Ni2+ and Co2+ with PO43-. Varing the cations, e.g., Na2HPO4, K2HPO4 and (NH4)2HPO4, the morphological changes of leaf, rod and platelet morphology of prepared nanocomposites were observed due to the Kirkendall effect modifying the nanomaterial structure via interdiffusion of transition metal atoms with phosphate ions source. The developed bimental phosphates displayed enhanced activity in dye degradation and supercapacitive performance. The Ni3(PO4)2/Co3(PO4)2 composite as an effective catalyst was applied for degradation of Rhodamine B by PMS activation. The maximum dye degradation efficiency was about 97% after 40 min. The prepared composite effectively produced sulfate radicals even after fifth cycle. In addition, the cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance analysis were investigated in 1 M Na2SO4 neutral electrolyte. The electrochemical investigations clearly indicated the Ni3(PO4)2/Co3(PO4)2 composites enhanced super capacitive performance with good stability nature. Hence, the bi-functional activities of Ni3(PO4)2/Co3(PO4)2 have the potential candidate to the water purification and energy storage applications.

Influence of Reaction pH towards the Physicochemical Characteristics of Phosphorylated Polyvinyl Alcohol-Aluminum Phosphate Nanocomposite

The present study deals with the formation of a phosphorylated polyvinyl alcohol (PPVA)-Aluminum Phosphate (AlPO4) nanocomposite, changing the pH solution under the two-step process involving the phosphorylation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) followed by the conjugation with AlPO4. The composite was formed by varying the pH of the solution in the range of 7–12 and the reflected changes in the product’s morphology, crystallinity, surface nature, thermal stability, etc. were recorded using FESEM, XRD, FTIR, UV-Vis spectroscopy, TGA, etc. From the analysis, it was found that the particles formed with two different sizes of the probed pH, and at pH 10 they were homogeneously distributed. In addition, the morphology of the PPVA-AlPO4 composite also seems to be altered with respect to the pH and this is due to the differences in the amount of H+ and OH− anions. Thus, from the overall analysis, it can be indicated that pH 10 needs to be maintained for the formation of a spherical shape and uniformly distributed PPVA-AlPO4 nanocomposite.