Philosophy Research Articles

New Pages of S.L. Frank's Biography in the Context of the Dialogue between Russian and Western Philosophical Cultures

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P.Kulish’s Homestead Philosophy: Near the Sources of Ukrainian Agrarianism

P.Kulish’s Homestead Philosophy: Near the Sources of Ukrainian Agrarianism

The Implications of narrative self for Educational Philosophy

The Implications of narrative self for Educational Philosophy

The Educational Implications of Awakening from a Perspectives of Existential Philosophy and Buddhism

The Educational Implications of Awakening from a Perspectives of Existential Philosophy and Buddhism

KONFIGURASI SPASIAL RUMAH TRADISIONAL TEPAL DALAM KAITANNYA DENGAN ASPEK SOSIO BUDAYA (OBJEK STUDI: DESA TEPAL, KECAMATAN BATULANTEH, KABUPATEN SUMBAWA, NUSA TENGGARA BARAT)

Abstrak- Rumah adalah sebuah konsekuensi fenomena budaya, dimana bentuk dan organisasinya sangat dipengaruhi oleh lingkungan budaya tempatnya berada. Sosio-budaya sendiri merupakan hasil pikiran dan akal budi, yang ada untuk kehidupan bermasyarakat. Hasil dari proses berbudaya ini menghasilkan berbagai perwujudan, seperti kesenian, kepercayaan, hingga karya arsitektur.Desa Tepal di Sumbawa, Nusa Tenggara Barat, merupakan satu dari sedikit desa terpencil di Pulau Sumbawa yang masih mempertahankan tradisi dan adat istiadat yang diturunkan oleh para leluhurnya. Wujud fisik arsitekturalnya masih melekat dengan nilai-nilai dan tradisi yang berlaku. Hal ini dapat dilihat pada wujud fisik, sistem pengukuran, serta elemen lain pada rumah huniannya.Rumusan masalah yang menjadi landasan penelitian ini mencakup bagaimana aspek sosio budaya mempengaruhi konfigurasi spasial dan elemen pembentuk ruang Tepal. Tujuannya untuk menjelaskan kekuatan-kekuatan dalam kaitan aspek sosiobudaya yang mempengaruhi konfigurasi spasial dan elemen pembentuk ruang pada hunian.Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini merupakan metode kualitatif deskriptif dengan melakukan pengamatan terhadap wujud fisik hunian yang dipengaruhi oleh aspek sosiobudaya dari adat istiadat yang berlaku. Diperoleh kesimpulan bahwa terdapat aspek filosofis serta nilai-nilai seperti nilai kepercayaan, peran gender, usia, kebiasaan, dan ekonomi mempengaruhi penataan ruang pada bagian dalam, luar, serta elemen pembentuk rumah.

Non-human primates in J. M. Coetzee’s works featuring Elizabeth Costello

John Maxwell Coetzee, winner of the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2003, is well-known for his references to animals in his fiction, and for his active engagement against cruelty enacted on animals. This inclination is particularly visible in those works featuring the character, Elizabeth Costello, the fictional Australian writer who is also a strong and well-known advocate against cruelties on animals. Many studies have been conducted on Coetzee’s animals, from different perspectives from anthropological, philosophical and ecological, but less attention has been placed on focusing on the roles of particular species, or groups of species, described in his works (with few exceptions mostly on dogs). Hence, this paper aims at furthering the understanding of the role of non-human primates referenced in Coetzee’s fiction, from bio-anthropological and ecological perspectives. In particular, it addresses Coetzee’s fiction featuring Elizabeth Costello, namely, The Lives of Animals (1999), Elizabeth Costello: Eight Lessons (2003), Slow Man (2005), and Moral Tales (2017). By accounting and analyzing non-human primates (mostly great apes) and their settings (mostly anthropized), the research concludes that Coetzee exhibits a scientific knowledge of non-human primates and related ethical and conservation issues which allows him to contribute to the scientific debate on the place of human beings in nature.

Pharmaceutical Education in Japan--Past, Present--, and Human Social Pharmacy Education in the Near Future.

In this paper, the foundation of the 74 Japanese pharmacy schools was reviewed. From the early Meiji era until the beginning World War II, 21 schools including Tokyo University were established. After the war, the new four-year university system was introduced from America, and the above 21 schools became universities and 25 universities were newly founded. In 2006, clinical pharmacy was introduced from America, and the six-year undergraduate system began. This system was divided into 2 groups, 1) 6 year system of clinical pharmacy plus 4 years doctor course and 2) 4 years system of pharmaceutical sciences and a master degree lasting 2 years plus a 3 year doctor course. These two systems started in 2006. The students of clinical pharmacy course must take the 22 weeks of clerkships in a community pharmacy and hospital pharmacy. The graduates (8,446) in 2015 March took the National License Examination for pharmacist, and the pass rate was 72.65%. The entrance into pharmacy school is not easy; however, the passing of the National License Examination is more difficult. The aim of pharmacy education should be to foster pharmacists with a deeper understanding of society and with richer humanity for the patient. To achieve this, what needs to be included in the curriculum are the subjects of the human social pharmacy, such as philosophy of pharmacy, ethics, religions, history of pharmacy, pharmaceutical affairs law, economics, management, and social pharmacy. The inclusion of such subjects needs to be implemented in the near future. Of course, the study of pharmaceutical sciences is a life-long endeavor.

Vývoj pojmu osoba v právu a jeho reflexe v ABGB a v občanském zákoníku z roku 2012

This study brings a comprehensive historical perspective on the development of the concept of a person in the legal sense in the territory of the Czech lands. This study deals with the philosophical definition of this term and examines the natural legal bases of this issue. Emphasis is placed on the comparison of the legal regulation of natural persons in the Civil Code if Austria (ABGB) which was enacted in 1811 and the Czech Civil Code from 2012. The authors of the new Civil Code designate as the ideological source of the recodification the draft of the Czechoslovak Civil Code from 1937, which was de facto modern revision of the ABGB, so it is important to take into account the relevant ABGB provisions when interpreting the new Civil Code. It is also reasonable to consider the historical origins of these provisions, while also examining how their interpretation has evolved over time.

A PLURALIST INTERPRETATION OF THOMAS KUHN’S PHILOSOPHICAL POSITION

espanolEs habitual encontrar en la bibliografia filosofica en torno a la figura de Thomas Kuhn la atribucion a este autor de una concepcion filosofica renida con el realismo (cientifico), y en especial una posicion de tipo idealista que hunde sus raices en la distincion kantiana entre “mundo-en-si mismo” y “mundo de las apariencias”. En este articulo defiendo que la concepcion filosofica de Kuhn admite una interpretacion pluralista que encaja mejor con su filosofia de la ciencia general. Ademas, esta interpretacion pluralista de la posicion filosofica de Kuhn tambien permite ofrecer una explicacion alternativa del fenomeno de la inconmensurabilidad, cuya caracteristica central estaria representada por la disparidad taxonomica y ontologica que existe entre especialidades cientificas rivales o sucesivas. EnglishIt is commonplace in philosophical literature to attribute to Thomas Kuhn a philosophical view at odds with (scientific) realism, especially an idealist position rooted in the Kantian distinction between “world-in-itself” and “world of appearances”. In this paper I will argue that Kuhn’s philosophical view is amenable to a pluralist interpretation that fits better into his general philosophy of science. In addition, this pluralist approach to Kuhn’s philosophical position also provides an alternative view on incommensurability, whose central feature is represented by the taxonomical and ontological disparity that exists between rival or successive scientific specialties.

Towards an Experimental Turn in Filipino Philosophy: A New Way Forward

Towards an Experimental Turn in Filipino Philosophy: A New Way Forward

أنسنة المکان فی روایات یوسف السباعی (1917-1978م)

بحثت هذه الدراسة في أنسنة في روايات يوسف بوصف الأنسنة التقنية الفنية القادرة على بث الحياة الإنسانية في المکان؛ حيث أضفت على الحرکة والنشاط، أو المرض والإعياء، أو الجمال والسعادة، أو الألم والمعاناة، کما لاحظته من هذه الوظائف داخل الروايات. وفرض البحث تقسيم الدراسة إلى مقدمة، وتمهيد، قدمت في التمهيد تعريفات للمفاهيم الآتية: الأنسنة لغة واصطلاحا وکذلک تعريفها في الفلسفة والرواية، ثم عرجت إلى تعريف لغة واصطلاحا وفي الفلسفة، ووظائف الأنسنة داخل النص الروائي، ثم نبذة عن وأهمية في رواياته. وتبعه الفصل الأول بعنوان المکان وقسم إلى المحاور الآتية: مفهوم الشخصية الروائية وعلاقتها بالمکان، الذي ضم شخصية الرجل في بيت الأسرة، وشخصية الرجل في بيت الزوجية. أما الفصل الثاني فعنوانه والمکان بين التنافر والانتماء في روايات السباعي، وانقسم إلى: المبحث الأول: المرأة وأماکن الإقامة الاختيارية. والمبحث الثاني: المرأة وأماکن الإقامة الإجبارية. وجاء الفصل الثالث بعنوان رسم أنسنة في روايات وانقسم إلى: المبحث الأول: الأسلوب التصويري الذي اندرج تحته: تجليات أنسنة في البعد الجسدي، وتجليات أنسنة في البعد النفسي. والمبحث الثاني: الشخصية وتقنيات الروائي. الذي تناولت فيه اللون والحرکة وعلاقتها بالمکان والشخصية. والمبحث الثالث : الخصائص الفنية والأسلوبية عند السباعي ، وتناولت فيه التناصات بأشکالها المختلفة والخصائص الفنية والأسلوبية للسباعي. وأخيرا الخاتمة، وتضمنت أهم ما توصل إليه البحث من نتائج. This study investigated the humanization of the in the novels of Yusef Al-Sebaei. Via describing humanization as the technical technique that is capable of spreading human life in the space that it has added movement, activity, illness and maintenance, beauty, and happiness, or pain and suffering, as noted in the novels. Research has forced the division of the study into an introduction, and has prepared, in the preamble, definitions of the following concepts: Humanism linguistically and idiomatically, as well as its definition in philosophy and the novel. Then it came to the definition of linguistically, idiomatically and in philosophy, and the functions of humanization within the fictional text, then an overview of Al-Sabai, and the importance of in his novels. The first chapter, entitled place and personality, was followed by a section on the following themes: The concept of novelistic personality and its relationship to the place, which included man's personality in the family home, and man's personality in the marital home. The second chapter is entitled and the between disharmony and belonging to Al- sebaei novels, and is divided into: The first one: Women and optional places of residence, The second research is women and compulsory accommodation. The third chapter is entitled “Drawing the humanization of the in the narratives of Al-Sebaei” and it is divided into The first topic: the pictorial method that included “Manifestations of the humanization of the in the physical dimension,” and “Humanization of the in the psychological dimension.” The second topic: personality and fictional location techniques. In which I dealt with color, movement, and its relationship to and personality.And finally, the conclusion, which included the most important findings of the research.

Play and Spiel are not the Same: Anti-Wittgensteinian Arguments and Consideration of Game as a Kind of Human Play

The differences between categories of play in English and spiel in German (or jeu in French and so on) are essential because any complex ludic category includes games that are organized and restricted by roles and rules. My choice to deal with Wittgensteinian views of spiel (which is translated by default as ‘play’) is influenced by the fact that his argument in German about the impossibility and futility of a philosophical definition of spiel embodies the quintessence of the problem: the linguistic obstacle that prevents correct interpretation of human play. Methodologically, I make the philosophical question of dependence a linguistic one. The article concludes by defending the position that game is only one of the diverse activities realizing human play, which is a basic existential phenomenon that can be considered philosophically through the category of ‘other being’.

Class-Based Philosophy as the Leading Cause of Education Crisis

These days everyone agrees that school and the whole educational system is in the middle of the crisis, although the attempts taken to reform it are still underway in the form of modernization and updating of educational content, changing the evaluation system, implementing the digital technologies, etc. Every effort directed towards this goal is focused on elaboration of class-based school and lection-seminar university systems that are the main varieties of group learning, which was established in 15th-16th centuries to allow mass character of education. The organizational framework of group learning consists of three educational forms: individual, in-pair and in-group. In-group form is the prevailing one and exists in two modification - whole-class (frontal) work and small-group work (historically: teamwork).

Volviendo de la diáspora: liberando un nuevo homo juridicus desde el derecho a la comunicación

En el presente documento se discute sobre la necesidad de crear un nuevo homo juridicus con carácter emancipatorio y liberador a partir de la fundamentación de un derecho humano a la comunicación que sitúe sus bases filosóficas y de reflexión desde el lugar de las mayorías oprimidas y empobrecidas en el mundo, considerando que aquel es el espacio privilegiado que da verdad para tales fines. Para ello, utilizando lo que nos ofrece el paradigma cualitativo de la investigación, se realiza un ejercicio de pesquisa inscrito en el alcance descriptivo que se reduce a un trabajo de revisión documental y se hace desde un enfoque histórico hermenéutico. Finalmente, se trata de confrontar la hegemonización del discurso, con consecuencias en la identidad, producido por el contexto de neoliberalismo actual, reconociendo que las identidades se dan en contextos determinados, contradictorios, situados y de manera relacional en un marco estructural que las posibilita y disputa de manera constante. En ese orden de ideas, se recurre al concepto del “lugar que da verdad” propuesto por Ignacio Ellacuría en su lucha por la justica y se opta por una concepción materialista de la cultura.

Stepping From Modeling Cancer Plasticity to the Philosophy of Cancer.

OPINION article Front. Genet., 19 November 2020Sec. Computational Genomics Volume 11 - 2020 | https://doi.org/10.3389/fgene.2020.579738

Consecuencias de una crisis sanitaria. Botiquín de ideas para comprender el coronavirus y su tecno-pandemia informacional.

El coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, causante de la enfermedad COVID-19, ha generado una crisis sanitaria sin precedentes, la primera pandemia universal de la historia. Este fenómeno poco a poco está siendo explicado por la Ciencia. Pero no basta con explicar, también es preciso comprender. El objetivo principal perseguido aquí, desde la perspectiva metodológica de la Hermenéutica filosófica, es la comprensión de la crisis pandémica. Se analiza la metamorfosis que esta crisis está produciendo en las nociones de “realidad” y “subjetividad” y su repercusión en la Comunicación. Dos son los vectores destacados que vehiculan los resultados de esta reflexión: 1) la pandemia y la nueva normalidad hacen de la excepción la regla; 2) ello ha sido posible porque lo que inicialmente fue una mutación biológica se ha convertido en serie de conflictivas innovaciones disruptivas, que los gobiernos están controlando mediante medidas tecnopolíticas de disciplina social como el confinamiento doméstico. Así el coronavirus muta en tecno-virus informacional que se trasmite a través de los mass media y las redes sociales, infectando los cerebros humanos y provocando nuevos modos de pensar, actuar y vivir. A la pandemia se le solapa una infopandemia, cuyos daños mentales previsiblemente superarán los orgánicos. Se concluye entonces que no es la crisis sanitaria vírica la que está transformando la normalidad de la vida en la calle, sino las acciones tecno-políticas tomadas para afrontarla, aun cuando el reproche se lo lleve un coronavirus previamente tecno-personificado. Seguramente superaremos la pandemia, pero a costa quizá de que la info-pandemia definitivamente nos haya superado.

Éros el memorioso

La vinculación entre el amor y la memoria es parte de toda experiencia humana. Rescataré aquí elementos que la cultura helena y la filosofía platónica nos aportan para reflexionar sobre esta vivencia universal. Para ello rastrearé el nexo que la tradición griega establecía entre la memoria, en tanto acopio del acervo cultural y capacidad individual de preservar conocimientos, y el amor como la emoción que nos afecta en el estado enamoramiento pero que tenía también una proyección política y cósmica. Luego, exploraré la concepción platónica del amor como fuerza que constituye la existencia humana y cuya tarea de procreación en la belleza contribuye a la formación de la memoria colectiva e individual, y, a través de ella, de la identidad personal. Finalmente, referiré a la reminiscencia como recuperación del conocimiento del entramado de la realidad done el enamoramiento es un facilitador para la rememoración de la belleza pura y eterna.

Maya Angelou: biografia e crônica social em Eu sei por que o pássaro canta na gaiola

Neste estudo pretendemos analisar a autobiografia Eu sei por que o pássaro canta na gaiola, da escritora afro-estadunidense Maya Angelou, sob a perspectiva da filosofia da linguagem de Mikhail Bakhtin e seu Círculo, utilizando-nos, sobretudo, de conceitos-chave como exotopia e dialogismo. Além disso, tencionamos destacar o caráter social do gênero discursivo em questão, que, neste caso, permite à autora narrar sobre o vivido de modo subjetivo ao mesmo tempo que conta a história do sujeito afro-estadunidense e suas lutas e resistências, entrelaçando o discurso pessoal da biografia ao social. Enfatizar as vozes femininas no romance e seu protagonismo também é ponto relevante de nosso estudo, visto que a escritora conta a sua história com o objetivo claro de demonstrar que, embora haja especificidade subjetiva, há também uma espécie de destino comum das mulheres afro-estadunidenses. Por meio de uma prosa positiva e otimista, pode-se observar que as vicissitudes da vida não enfraquecem a resistência negra nos EUA.

Children, Philosophy and Democracy (John P. Portelli and Ronald F. Reed (Eds.))

Children, Philosophy and Democracy (John P. Portelli and Ronald F. Reed (Eds.))

A Philosophical Analysis on the Limits of the Character Education Promotion Act -Focusing on the Concept of Legal Effectiveness-

A Philosophical Analysis on the Limits of the Character Education Promotion Act -Focusing on the Concept of Legal Effectiveness-