Linguistic Methods Research Articles

How Cognitive Linguistics Affect Indonesian Students’ Understanding on Learning Phrasal Verbs

Phrasal verb is one aspect of English that is often avoided by EFL learners, including students in Indonesia. This is usually due to the method of learning phrasal verbs that tends to make it difficult for learners. Hence, this research tries to present how cognitive linguistics affects Indonesian students’ understanding of learning phrasal verbs. This research takes about 50 students of Padang State Polytechnic, Indonesia as the research subject. The students were divided into two groups: those who learned phrasal verbs with the traditional method and those with the cognitive linguistics method. Each group of students was taught by different lecturers who used cognitive linguistics and traditional methods. Then, the students were tested on their understanding of phrasal verbs. This study employed a quasi-experimental causal-comparative research design; this research revealed that learning phrasal verbs with the cognitive linguistics method is able to produce a significant understanding of students’ ability to understand phrasal verbs. The results of the test found that students who learned phrasal verbs with the cognitive linguistics method had a score of 80 in understanding the meaning of phrasal verbs and a score of 76.8 in applying phrasal verbs in English sentences. While the test results of the traditional method group showed less good results. In-depth interviews, and questionnaires from this research show that cognitive linguistics method helps students in understanding the meaning of phrasal verbs although there are weaknesses in applying phrasal verbs into English sentences. The implication of this research finding is that cognitive linguistics method can be an effective approach for teaching phrasal verbs to EFL students.

THE STRATEGIES OF ARGUMENTATION IN POLITICAL SPEECHES

Background. Political discourse is the most value-oriented of other types of discourse. The most compelling political arguments during the presidential campaigns include four key criteria: democracy, moral persuasion, social questions and ideological problems. The current political discourse presents characterizations of events from the standpoint of individual values, party values, and personal interests. In this case, the concept of political/ideological characterizations is associated with a system of values, which determine the position of the subject of speech. Nowadays, argumentation is studied by a special method – the theory of argumentation, but at the same time it becomes an interest for linguistic research, because argumentation exists only in one of the forms of speeches.
 The purpose. Is to characterize the specific linguo-stylistic features of political speeches, identify the argumentation tools in the politicians’ speeches and analyze the ways and peculiarities of their translation, which help translators to preserve the completeness of the content and transmit the argumentation tools into the translation of political texts from English into Ukrainian.
 Methods. The following linguistic research methods were used in our study: descriptive method to describe the characteristics of argumentation tools and their equivalents, which were studied and comparative method to make comparisons between argumentation tools in source and target languages. 
 Results. The functional specificity of political discourse in relation to other types of discourse is manifested in its basic instrumental function (the struggle for power). At the same time, political discourse, along with religious and advertising, is included in the group of discourses for which the regulatory function is leading, since it emphasizes the role of language in regulating the behavior of the. The main function of political discourse is to use it as an instrument of political power. Political communication performs the function of an intermediary link, often replacing physical violence itself and makes possible changes in society towards ordering, paves the way for compromises, making facts and arguments well-known for public. Various lexico-stylistic devices, figures and tropes emphasize the language of a political leader and have a direct impact on the image of politicians. It turned out that the main ones are: extensive usage of colloquial and slang vocabulary and composite words. We discovered the following stylistic figures: antithesis, inversion, ellipsis, parceling, repetitions and rhetorical questions. The most frequently used among them were repetitions, rhetorical questions and parceling. 
 Discussion. The dominant aspect of the political discourse is the concept of value, which must be reproduced in the translated political text, taking into account the value hierarchy of different cultures. Translation includes several stages: first translator should understand and clearly explore what he/she translates, analyze (if the original text causes difficulties), and after that choose appropriate means of expression in the target language.The investigation of different lexico-stylistic devices, types of preservation of argumentation in the translation of political speeches of American politicians is not exhaustive and requires further study by structural, grammatical and morphological analysis.

Ekdotika in tehnologija: elektronske znanstvenokritične izdaje slovenskega slovstva

The collection of critical editions eZISS came about with the connection of three elements: the awakening of interest in primary sources of Slovene literature; the intensive methodological introduction of the fundamental philosophical-historical sciences, particularly ecdotics or text criticism; and finally the use of contemporary open standards for electronic text encoding and processing. The article presents the points of departure and methods used in the preparation of scientific publications, in particular those methods employing electronic text encoding technology. The preparation of the publications is based on guidelines issued by the consortium Text Encoding Initiative (TEI), by which technological standards are linked with the classical philological methods of critical editions. This approach has also proved fruitful for the issuing of critical editions of Slovene literature, and it has stimulated more intensive interest in the research and publication of primary sources of Slovene literature.

ENVIRONMENTAL MEDIA LITERACY IN THE CONDITIONS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT

Introduction. In the modern world, everything changes rapidly, and changes, worsening the natural balance between used and reproduced, which has become the cause of catastrophic environmental degradation on the scale of the biosphere, as well as a threat to the environment and human health. Thinking about ways to overcome this crisis and eliminate (or reduce pressure) threats has led the world to the concept of sustainable development, which, among other things, relies on environmental literacy. Methods. A number of general scientific and linguistic methods were used in the research. In particular, the methods of analysis, synthesis, deduction and induction, discourse analysis, and the descriptive method are used to substantiate the theoretical base of the research and generalize own observations. The terminological analysis is applied to the consideration of the concepts of "ecological literacy", "ecological media literacy", "ecomedia literacy". Results and discussion. Discourse analysis gave reasons to conclude that the concepts of "literacy" and "environmental literacy" have evolved significantly over the last century. It is emphasized that in the context of sustainable development, environmental literacy is a key concept for shaping and correcting the behavior of each individual in order to consciously respond to environmental challenges in the modern world. Environmental literacy is interpreted as a concept that is the basis for future conscious, responsible perception of the environment, decision-making and taking actions to restore balance in the living environment, as well as knowledge, skills and motivation to prevent new environmental threats. This interpretation is based on the ideology of sustainable development. Awareness of ecological problems and care for the environment for its preservation and restoration is a modern global strategy for the development of mankind. The components of environmental literacy are proposed. It is noted that environmental literacy is based on the concept of environmental protection through awareness. The role of the media in solving environmental threats is traced. On the example of the National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine, the article shows the formation of environmental literacy through the content of the disciplines of the specialty "Journalism".

Lived experience at the core: A classification system for risk-taking behaviours in bipolar.

Clinical observations suggest that individuals with a diagnosis of bipolar face difficulties regulating emotions and impairments to their cognitive processing, which can contribute to high-risk behaviours. However, there are few studies which explore the types of risk-taking behaviour that manifest in reality and evidence suggests that there is currently not enough support for the management of these behaviours. This study examined the types of risk-taking behaviours described by people who live with bipolar and their access to support for these behaviours. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with n = 18 participants with a lived experience of bipolar and n = 5 healthcare professionals. The interviews comprised open-ended questions and a Likert-item questionnaire. The responses to the interview questions were analysed using content analysis and corpus linguistic methods to develop a classification system of risk-taking behaviours. The Likert-item questionnaire was analysed statistically and insights from the questionnaire were incorporated into the classification system. Our classification system includes 39 reported risk-taking behaviours which we manually inferred into six domains of risk-taking. Corpus linguistic and qualitative analysis of the interview data demonstrate that people need more support for risk-taking behaviours and that aside from suicide, self-harm and excessive spending, many behaviours are not routinely monitored. This study shows that people living with bipolar report the need for improved access to psychologically informed care, and that a standardised classification system or risk-taking questionnaire could act as a useful elicitation tool for guiding conversations around risk-taking to ensure that opportunities for intervention are not missed. We have also presented a novel methodological framework which demonstrates the utility of computational linguistic methods for the analysis of health research data.

Features of linguistic expertise of texts of dialogues on anti-corruption cases

The object of the study is dialogue texts with signs of corrupt speech behavior. The subject of the study are marker words, linguistic methods that reveal linguistic signs of a discourse that has a meaningful and semantic focus on receiving or transferring values for the actions of the recipient (inaction), in favor of the giver. The purpose of this work was to conduct a communicative analysis of corrupt speech behavior in the text–dialogue: to accept illegal remuneration for actions (inaction) in the service in order to obtain valuables in the event of an agreement between the specified persons.The main task of the linguistic and forensic examination of anti-corruption cases is to establish the event by its speech representation: it is required to prove that the dialogue is about the transfer of funds. To solve this issue, it is necessary to conduct a communicative analysis of the text-dialogue. The research methodology is related to the communicative analysis of texts-dialogues with signs of corruption content, based on the works of D.L. Karpov, "on the theoretical and practical works of A. N. Baranov, K. I. Brinev, E. N. Galyashina, M. A. Grachev, I. A. Sternin, etc., devoted to cases related to corruption. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the use of a communicative approach within the framework of text-dialogue analysis, logical-semantic and functional-stylistic analysis. The analysis of the expert study of the text-dialogue on anti-corruption cases is presented, the conceptual framework is developed. As a result of the study, it was concluded that the main task of linguistic expertise in anti-corruption cases is to establish an event by its speech representation through the use of a set of semantic and pragmatic techniques of discursive analysis, which allows us to clarify the signs of conversational dialogue that are significant for the legal qualification of speech crimes. When conducting a communicative analysis of a corrupt text, it is important to identify signs of corrupt speech behavior. When analyzing a communicative corruption situation, it is necessary to consider the speech strategies and tactics of the participants in the dialogue, which ultimately allow us to determine the true intentions of the communicants aimed at achieving a communicative goal.

CREATIVE RESPONSES TO COVID-19 PANDEMIC IN LITHUANIA: FROM NEOLOGISMS TO REINTERPRETATION OF FOLKLORE

Background. The coronavirus pandemic that reached Lithuania in the early spring of 2020 left its mark on language as well. The emergence of neologisms and new phrases was observed during the first weeks of the quarantine, which was imposed in mid-March 2020. Methods. The authors of the article reveal the manifestations of linguistic creativity observed during the pandemic. The continuously updated Database of Lithuanian Neologisms and various online resources are used to study the words and phrases that are used in Lithuania, both orally and in writing, to describe the coronavirus pandemic, and the worldview and emotional attitude of the Lithuanian people that emerges from the neologisms of the period. The primary focus here lies on Lithuanian neologisms, and compound words and blends in particular. Some cases of individual, often occasional word formation and more popular neologisms from the Database of Lithuanian Neologisms are discussed separately. The main ways of making new formations and the most popular lexemes behind the new formations are presented as well. Linguistic methods used in this article are: 1) descriptive method; 2) semantic analysis; 3) structural analysis; 4) cultural interpretation method and 5) statistical method. Results. Analysis of the Lithuanian neologisms that appeared during the pandemic, a.k.a. coronalogisms, shows that most of them are nouns. In terms of formation, the neologisms are dominated by compounds; as far as the frequency of lexemes is concerned, most of them have the root koron- // coron-. The linguistic creativity of Lithuanian language users during the pandemic was not limited to just coining neologisms: new interpretations of the national history, language, and folklore traditions have appeared, and various elements of the national and world culture were involved in the language games. Visual content has been added to the language games and linguistic creativity as a response of caricaturists, social ad designers, and other creative people to the realities of the pandemic. Conclusions. Analysis of the examples of new formations and other cases of linguistic creativity was employed to demonstrate how unexpected changes in life spark linguistic creativity that combines contemporary experience and cultural tradition of the language community.

SLIKOVITA IMENOVANjA U KNjIŽEVNOM STVARALAŠTVU ZA DECU DEJANA ALEKSIĆA

One of the fundamental characteristics of Dejan Aleksić’s literary works for children is play, which is why this multi-awarded children’s writer is considered a successor of Dušan Radović. Proper names in children’s literature do not often have a naming function only, but contribute to the characterization of characters or provide the reader with important infor- mation about the place where the action takes place. The aim of the paper is to show how picturesque names produce an expressive value in different genres of Dejan Aleksic’s literary creation for children. The paper studies the functional significance of antonomasia, kenning, and tmezic puns for the interpretation of literary texts. The analysis was carried out using the linguistic method, and the corpus consists of genre-bending works for children by Dejan Aleksić. The aim of the paper is to point out the stylogenicity of antonomasia, kenning, and tmezic puns in the examined corpus and to show that playing with linguistic structure in names is one of the reasons why we consider Aleksić a new classic, a continuation of not only D. Radović but also J. Jovanović Zmaj, B. Ćopić, D. Maksimović, and Lj. Ršumović, in whose literary works for children we have already analyzed the aforementioned stylistic figures. Picturesque names produced using antonomasia, kenning, and tmezic puns have a very important role for the interpretation of literary texts for children. Antonomasia can give infor- mation about the main characteristics of the character and produce plenty of associations, kenning introduces a child-recipient into the fabula, and the tmezic pun is used to achieve a comic effect.

Varieties of ironic objection in popular science Internet media text

The article focuses on the objectionable potential of irony using popular science media texts. The empirical basis was the hypermedia text of the news about the refutation of the serotonin theory of depression, which predetermined a significant shift in ideas about the disease. The purpose of the article is to identify and analyze the variability in the implementation of ironic objection. The latter seems to be a complexly organized speech action, which is based on goal setting, which constitutes a subgoal in achieving the main communicative goal of the hypermedia text. The pre-established multitasking of the study determined the choice of approach to analysis — the praxeological method of media linguistics. As the analysis of the material has shown, objection demonstrates the moment of transition of scientific knowledge from hypotheticality to a state of epistemological certainty. Objection helps to overcome unproductive tendencies in the system of academic views. Linguistically significant characteristics of ironic objection in popular science media discourse include extensive heuristic potential, projection of the development of epistemological modality, critical rethinking of extra-linguistic situations, involvement of the addressee in discussion, debatable nature, and requiring interpretive effort. The results obtained during the study — linguistic models of the representation of ironic objection — demonstrate a paradigm shift in scientific views about the mechanisms of depressive disorder and the key lines of understanding in the public consciousness of the problems correlated with the identified epistemological crisis. In this study, patterns of speech representation of ironic objection are identified and typologized on the basis of repeated and regularly reproduced linguistic markers.

ИНТЕРПРЕТАЦИОННЫЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ ПРЕЦЕДЕНТНЫХ ИМЕН В ЗАГОЛОВКАХ АНГЛОЯЗЫЧНЫХ НОВОСТНЫХ СТАТЕЙ

The purpose of the paper is to analyze the interpretive potential of precedent names derived from personal names in the English language. Previous studies in the theory of precedence have proved a precedent name to convey a complex of cultural and background information that allows it to be used as a common name occasionally in a specific context. We describe this complex of information as an anthroponymic matrix which includes several suggested cognitive contexts. In the process of our work, we have used the modern methods of cognitive linguistics to outline the multifaceted knowledge structure represented by a precedent name and discovered that it is nothing but a concept with its cognitive characteristics. The paper focuses on the crucial role of cognitive mechanisms in the process of a precedent name developing its occasional sense. This newly-formed sense has a certain effect on the perception of the text, in which the name performs its specific functions. The empirical data for this study has been gathered from online newspapers and Internet resources where a precedent name is used as a part of a headline. The authors of the paper have found out that in most cases a precedent name is able to convey both positive and negative evaluative meanings aimed at the formation of the reader’s opinion about the problem under discussion.

Traditional and Modern Book Divination Practices in the Context of Literary Discourse

The article presents an analysis of traditional and modern book divination practices in their significance perspective as philological research objects. The author believes that the study of such practices is relevant, since it opens up the possibility of consistent perception of the mechanisms of human interaction with the book in the perspective of this relationship’s growth, which determines the essence of culture and the meaning of human science. The field of inquiry includes all stages of book divination, from selecting a folio volume to interpreting the request results. The author supposes that selecting a book for divination appears to be an indicative decision characterizing the divination process as a game and a ritual that develops by the game reality laws and is often labeled as a magical act. Such divination rituals when described enables us to speak both about the modern bibliomancy continuity, as well as the methods of attracting readers and clients to fee based resources that predict the future and sell books. Particularly noteworthy are works specially created for divination, among which is the literary phenomenon of A. P. Sumarokov “Love divination book”. The author finds it important that the book divination practice is actively mastered by writers who use the idea of predicting the future in order to create an external composition of a literary work (M. Pavic). The motivic analysis and methods of cognitive linguistics, currently applied in descriptions of relevant cognitions and speech practices, are presented in the work as hidden algorithms for interpreting the results of such practices (solving the results of book divination is compared with the process of interpreting dreams). The author focuses on the importance of the modern reader and Internet user’s image, who is a follower of traditional (in some cases archaic) practices and at the same time belongs to the gadget era.

ON STYLISTIC DIFFERENTIATION IN UKRAINIAN POETIC SPEECH BASED ON THE SYNTACTIC STRUCTURE OF SENTENCES

Background. The article is devoted to the stylistic differentiation of syntactic structures of Ukrainian-language poetic texts of the Ukrainian language corpus. The goal is to study the idiostyle on models of syntactic structures, graphically presented in the form of dependency trees, with the establishment of parameters for characterizing the author's style. The properties of the linear structure of 7,752 Ukrainian-language sentences in the verse style were studied. An "averaged" dependency graph was built for each author as a generalization of the syntactic parameters of dependency trees. Methods. Applied methods of structural linguistics included quantitative methods and modeling methods, distributive analysis, direct component method, method of constructing dependency trees (DT) and direct components in linguistic analysis modules: automatic morphological (distributive) and automatic syntactic (direct component and dependency tree method). Results. As a result of the study, it was established that the architecture of the phrase is important, that is, a scheme in the form of a graph that reflects the real sequence of syntactic elements of the statement. If the author has developed his individual writing style, this will inevitably affect the originality of the graphic drawings for the structures of his typical phrases. It is in syntactic stylistics that dependence graphs as a research method will find an unlimited field of application. Eight graph parameters are proposed, the choice of which is determined by the fact that they have stylistic distinguishing power. Conclusions. To justify the applied method of statistical analysis, it can be said that in stylistics each analysis gives only what it can give; the overall research picture consists of a comprehensive review of the results of all analyses. Qualitative methods can describe what is perceived from the text through its symbolic character, but only quantitative methods can explain why the text is constructed in the way it is. Qualitative characteristics consist of precisely those quantitative characteristics that cannot be seen by the average reader, and their detection is the task of science.

On the cognitive nature of verb transitivity in English

The traditional view of the transitivity of a verb as its ability to have a direct complement in the accusative case does not reflect the core essence of this verb characteristic. Therefore, the existing dichotomy of verbs into transitive and non-transitive verbs should be revised with the introduction of additional types of transitivity. The traditional classification of complements into direct, indirect and prepositional also requires a critical reconsideration due to its inconsistency. The study of the properties of English verbs using the methods of cognitive linguistics and through the prism of event theory suggests that only monovalent predicates of action or process are truly non-transitive. All other verbs should be considered transitive. The transitivity of a verb is directly related to the notion of profiling. The profile boundaries of a transitive verb include all participants in the force-dynamic chain, from the agent to the object, which undergoes a complete change of state. A non-transitive verb profiles only the agent as the source of force. Both transitive and non-transitive verbs can display variation of their transitivity characteristics as a result of their meaning evolution, associated with shifting the boundaries of the verb’s profile to represent a new kind of event.

ՏՆՏԵՍՈՒԹՅՈՒՆԸ ՀԻՎԱՆԴ ՕՐԳԱՆԻԶՄ Է ՓՈԽԱԲԵՐՈՒԹՅԱՆ ՀԱՍԿԱՑԱԿԱՆ ԱՐՏԱՊԱՏԿԵՐՈՒՄԸ / CONCEPTUAL MAPPING OF «ECONOMY IS A SICK ORGANISM» METAPHOR

The aim of the article is to study the conceptual mapping of the metaphor ECONOMY IS A SICK ORGANISM within Armenian economic discourse. The primary goals of the study encompass analyzing the semantic-structural characteristics of the source domain "sick organism" and exploring the cross-domain mappings of metaphorical patterns derived from the conceptual domains "sick organism" and "economy." The topicality of this article arises from the increasing scholarly attention to conceptual metaphors within economic discourse, both as cognitive instruments and as influential tools for manipulation. The selection of linguistic analysis methods is justified by the nature of the examined data and the research objectives. The examination of the material was carried out through linguistic descriptive analysis and contextual analysis. The research findings led us to conclude that the metaphor ECONOMY IS A SICK ORGANISM gains increased relevance in the press during periods of external economic shocks such as pandemics or wars. The primary intent behind employing this metaphor in press publications is to elucidate the country's economic condition to the non-professional audience through the most familiar source domain ("sick organism"). Throughout the phases of economic crisis, negative metaphors predominated, depicting the economy as weak and vulnerable, with symptoms similar to diseases. Conversely, during post-crisis periods, positive metaphors emphasizing economic recovery become more prominent.

Артикуляторные параметры палатальности и палатализации в монгольских языках

This study determines the articulatory parameters of palatality and palatalization in the northern Mongolian languages of Russia and Mongolia. The research is based on experimental phonetic data obtained through linguistic and instrumental somatic methods, including radiography, dentopalatography, and magnetic resonance imaging. The findings enable us to assert the presence of two approaches for incorporating the concept of softness into their consonant systems. In the Khori-Buryat and Khalkha-Mongolian languages, the dominant acoustic effect for conveying the softness of sound is palatalization. Conversely, in the Kalmyk language, this function is fulfilled by middle-lingual consonants. In Mongolian languages, palatalization is characterized by more than just the upward movement of the middle part of the tongue to the hard palate, as commonly presumed in general phonetics. Additionally, it entails the forward and upward movement of the entire compressed body of the tongue. The speech tract rearrangement produces a significant posterior pharyngeal area within the resonator cavity. This particular formation is responsible for amplifying highfrequency components in the audio signal spectrum, which are perceptually associated with the softness of sound. The differences in the linguistic status of palatality (softness) and palatalization (softening) in the languages under consideration are determined by the peculiarities of the structural and taxonomic organization of the phonico-phonological systems. Despite the genetic proximity of the Khori-Buryat, KhalkhaMongolian, and Kalmyk languages, each language employs distinct pronunciation strategies to create the auditory impression of softness. These tactics are influenced by the unique articulatory-acoustic characteristics developed within each ethnic group over centuries

Decision-making Model Construction of Enterprise Marketing Outlet Resource Allocation by Integrating Fuzzy Logic

Abstract In the tide of modern business competition, how to efficiently utilize limited resources to obtain the best economic benefits is the core issue that determines the survival and development of enterprises. This paper integrates fuzzy logic theory with resource allocation and proposes the direction of channel integration of marketing resources. The concept of affiliation degree is introduced in fuzzy logic to describe the relationship between things and form the fuzzy relationship in the fuzzy set, which indicates the degree of association between elements in the fuzzy set. The linguistic rule representation method is used to implement the control strategy for decision-making in enterprise marketing outlets. Improve the construction of the optimization model for enterprise outlets’ marketing resources by establishing a two-layer planning model. The research enterprise’s outlet marketing resources allocation situation is examined by combining actual and simulation, based on the principle of outlet marketing resources allocation. From the point of view of outlet affiliation, the central region with a “suitable” resource allocation level includes Hunan Province, with an affiliation degree of 0.4655, and the affiliation degrees of some western regions and northeastern regions range from 0.3896 to 0.5663. The fuzzy logic model generates six resource allocation strategies, and they are tested one by one using simulation experiments to determine the best allocation strategy.

Discourse factor of semantic uncertainty in reverse machine translation of media texts

The article is devoted to the study of semantic uncertainty in the texts of legal and media discourses using online programs. The object of the study is conflict factors caused by semantic uncertainty in problem areas. An assessment and description of problem areas in machine translation of media texts was carried out, taking into account lexical ambiguity. The prerequisites for possible conflict situations when translating texts on legal and environmental topics are described. In achieving this goal, both traditional linguistic and innovative methods of analysis (use of artificial intelligence technologies) were used. The characteristics of the philosophical category of uncertainty are given according to the following methodology: 1) assessment of the semantic uncertainty of reverse machine translation texts, taking into account the discursive factor; 2) comparison of legislative and media texts for their similarity to the original after machine translation. The comparative analysis took into account the following parameters: the total number of words in the texts; similarity of texts in percentage terms; presence of various fragments. It is shown that discursive and linguistic means of realizing semantic uncertainty have a significant impact on the reader’s perception of the text. A comparison of two discourses of the same thematic focus on environmental management revealed the influence of the context (discourse) and the intermediary language on the degree of translatability of the text. It has been established that semantic uncertainty and tension zones as conflict-generating factors depend on the quality of translation programs. The study took into account possible errors associated with the limited capabilities of the online programs used. Prospects for studying problem areas in reverse machine translation include expanding sources of empirical material, involving other computer-assisted translation systems, and the possibility of applying research results in an expanded context of “potential conflict”.

A simplified multi-granular linguistic term sets method

A simplified multi-granular linguistic term sets method

МОТИВ ФІТОМЕТАМОРФОЗ У ТВОРЧОСТІ ТАРАСА ШЕВЧЕНКА ТА ОВІДІЯ

Background. The study is devoted to a comparative analysis of the motif of phytometamorphosis in Ovid's poem "Metamorphoses" and three romantic ballads by Taras Shevchenko in order to establish common characteristics of functioning and to find out the reasons and authorial features of the use of thе denoted motif. Despite the widespread view that the plots of the analyzed ballads by Taras Shevchenko are inspired by the literary art of European romantics and national folklore motifs the paper argues for the rationality of drawing analogies between the use of the motif of phytometamorphosis in Ovid's poem and the balladry of the Ukrainian poet. Methods. In carrying out the research, a set of linguistic and literary methods was used: descriptive, comparative, mythopoetic, linguistic and cultural, functional, and psychoanalytic methods. Results. The parallels and authorial peculiarities in the use of the motif of transformation in the story about Apollo and Daphne, as described in Ovid's Metamorphoses, and the ballad "Topol" by Taras Shevchenko are identifiedThe reason for the change in form in both works is the rescue of the heroines from threatening circumstances. It is established that the main poetic function of the metamorphosis technique in the ballads "Poplar" and "Around a grove in an open field" is to soften the tragic ending of the narrative. The reasons for the florometamorphoses in the plots of Ovid's poem and Taras Shevchenko's ballad "Lilea" are analyzed, and the common semantic and functional features of this motif in the compared works are established. Some similarities related to the motif of metamorphosis in Ovid's poem and Ukrainian folklore are noted. Conclusions. On the basis of the study, the general summary theses on the genesis, functions and authorial peculiarities using the metamorphosis motif in the balladry of Taras Shevchenko and Ovid's poem "Metamorphoses" are made.

Фальсификаты рукописей Исаака Бабеля и их распознавание

The article is dedicated to the handwritten legacy of Isaac Babel and examines the writer’s letters, inscriptions, and drawings introduced into scientific circulation in the last decade. Based on the analysis of these findings, the article concludes that all these “autographs of Isaac Babel” are hoaxes of varying degrees of persuasiveness. These results confirm the effectiveness of philological methods for recognizing falsified manuscripts of the classics of literature. The article pays special attention to the analysis of Isaac Babel’s gift inscription to Solomon Mikhoels, written partly in Yiddish. The research establishes that the text of the inscription testifies to the writer’s poor command of Yiddish, which in turn refutes the possibility of the authenticity of such an inscription as a whole. The issues considered in the article correlate with the general problems of modern textual criticism.