Phenolphthalein Poly Ether Sulfone Research Articles

Efficiently enhancing permeability and antifouling performances: ZIF-8 modified halloysite nanotubes to blend phenolphthalein polyethersulfone cardo

Efficiently enhancing permeability and antifouling performances: ZIF-8 modified halloysite nanotubes to blend phenolphthalein polyethersulfone cardo

Exploring Phenolphthalein Polyarylethers as High-Performance Alternative Binders for High-Voltage Cathodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries.

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) has unique electrochemical oxidation resistance and is the only binder for high-voltage cathode materials in the battery industry for a long time. However, PVDF still has some drawbacks, such as environmental limitations on fluorine, strict requirements for environmental humidity, weak adhesion, and poor lithium ion conductivity. Herein, the long-standing issues associated with high-voltage lithium cobalt oxide (LiCoO2; LCO) are successfully addressed by incorporating phenolphthalein polyetherketone (PEK-C) and phenolphthalein polyethersulfone (PES-C) as binder materials. These binders have unexpected electrochemical oxidation resistance and robustness adhesion, ensure uniform coverage on the surface of LCO, and establish an effective and fast ion-conductive CEI/binder composite layer. By leveraging these favorable characteristics, electrodes based on polyarylether binders demonstrate significantly better cycling and rate performance than their counterparts using traditional PVDF binders. The fast ion-conductive CEI/binder composite layer effectively mitigates adverse reactions at the cathode-electrolyte interface. As anticipated, batteries utilizing phenolphthalein polyarylether binders exhibit capacity retention rates of 88.92% and 80.4% after 200 and 500 cycles at 4.5 and 4.6V, respectively. The application of binders, such as polyarylether binders, offers a straightforward and inspiring approach for designing high-energy-density battery materials.

Preparation, characterization, and performance of reactive phenolphthalein poly(aryl ether sulfone) tougheners highly compatible with epoxy resin

AbstractAiming at the problem of phase separation between thermoplastic toughener and epoxy after curing, which leads to the reduction of mechanical properties, in this paper we improve the compatibility of the two phases by introducing reactive groups into the molecular chain of thermoplastic resins, thus improving the impact strength of the epoxy system. Phenolphthalein polyether sulfone (C‐PESC) with designable and controllable carboxyl group content was prepared via SN2 nucleophilic substitution copolymerization. Further C‐PESC was evaluated for epoxy toughening, and the effects of carboxyl group content of C‐PESC on mechanical properties and thermal stability of the resin system were investigated. The results show that C‐PESC resin has good compatibility with E51 epoxy resin. Carboxyl group accelerates the dissolution rate of thermoplastic resins in epoxy and also participates in the curing reaction with epoxy to enhance the interfacial bonding ability between the toughening component and the matrix resin. The reactive toughener C‐PESC can not only improve the impact properties of E51 epoxy, but also maintain the high Tg and thermal properties of the resin system. Among them, the addition of 5 PHR of C‐PESC3 increased the impact strength of the modified resin by 45%, with uniform fracture surface and tough fracture shape.

Purification Effect of PES-C Ultrafiltration Membrane Incorporated with Emodin on Acanthopanax Senticosus Injection.

A new PES-C/emodin ultrafiltration membrane was prepared by blending natural emodin with phenolphthalein polyethersulfone (PES-C) and was used to purify an acanthopanax senticosus injection in this study. Regarding the purified acanthopanax senticosus injection, its color became lighter, and its clarity increased. On the contrary, for an acanthopanax senticosus injection containing macromolecules, its color deepened, and its turbidity increased. Thermal stability of the purified acanthopanax senticosus injection was the best, followed by the original solution of the acanthopanax senticosus injection, and the acanthopanax senticosus injection containing macromolecules was the worst. The fingerprint spectrum of the purified acanthopanax senticosus injection was similar to the original solution of the acanthopanax senticosus injection, the relative peak area of each single peak was greater than 0.95, and the relative peak area of the total peak was greater than 0.96. Compared with the original solution of the acanthopanax senticosus injection, the histamine release amount and cell degranulation rate of the acanthopanax senticosus injection containing macromolecules increased, while those of the purified acanthopanax senticosus injection decreased, which reduced the risk of allergic reaction to a certain extent. "Inverse proof" confirmed that the acanthopanax senticosus injection containing macromolecules had certain liver and kidney toxicity, which indirectly proved that the liver and kidney toxicity of the purified acanthopanax senticosus injection was effectively reduced.

Enhanced hydrophilicity and antifouling performance of PES-C/emodin ultrafiltration membrane

In this article, an ultrafiltration membrane was fabricated from phenolphthalein polyethersulfone (PES-C) modified with emodin using a phase-inversion method. ATR-FTIR and UV-vis analysis showed that emodin had good compatibility with the PES-C ultrafiltration membrane. SEM showed that the prepared ultrafiltration membranes consisted of a porous skin layer and a macroporous support sublayer. The contact angle value of the pure PES-C ultrafiltration membrane was 77.71° and that of the PES-C ultrafiltration membrane blended with 0.105 wt.% emodin decreased to 65.71°, which explained the fact why its pure water flux significantly increased from 190 L/m2·h to 387 L/m2·h. The antifouling properties of the obtained ultrafiltration membranes were assessed by static protein adsorption, bacterial adhesion, antibacterial tests, and filtration experiments with BSA. The PES-C (13.895 wt.%)/emodin (0.105 wt.%) ultrafiltration membrane presented the lowest protein adsorption rate (1.44%), the highest flux recovery ratio (57%), and the largest inhibition zone diameter (3.0 ± 0.06 mm). Compared with that of the pure PES-C ultrafiltration membrane, the bacterial adhesion effect of the PES-C/emodin (0.105 wt.%) ultrafiltration membrane was significantly reduced. In addition, PES-C incorporated into the emodin ultrafiltration membrane had excellent stability in a deionized water system.

Phenolphthalein polyethersulfone bearing carboxyl groups: Synthesis and its separation-membrane applications

A series of phenolphthalein polyethersulfones, containing varying contents of carboxyl groups, were synthesized via SN2 nucleophilic reaction. Structure of the prepared copolymers was confirmed by 1H NMR and FTIR. The phenolphthalein polyethersulfone comprising carboxyl groups exhibited excellent hydrophilicity and mechanical properties in the fabrication of ultrafiltration membrane. The properties of the membrane were measured using scanning electron microscopy and ultrafiltration membrane evaluator. The membrane showed superior ultrafiltration performance with a pure water flux of 399 (L·m− 2·h− 1), which was 1.9 times higher than that of the pristine phenolphthalein polyethersulfone. The pure water flux of the membrane with the pore-forming agent Tween 80 was up to 1082 (L·m− 2·h− 1), and its BSA rejection was up to 97% at 0.1 MPa. This work provided a new resin material with better performance for water treatment membrane.

Preparation and characterization of phenolphthalein polyethersulfone/silica nanofibrous membranes by solution blowing

Phenolphthalein polyethersulfone (PES-C)/silica (SiO2) composite nanofibrous membranes were prepared via solution blowing. The spinning solutions were prepared by mixing a solution of PES-C in dimethylacetamide with different amounts of colloidal SiO2 in ethylene glycol. Attenuated total reflectance–Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, wide-angle X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thermal gravimetric analysis, and water contact angles were conducted to characterize the properties of composite nanofibrous membranes. The results showed that the thermal properties and surface wettability were improved by the addition of appropriate amount of nano-SiO2. Furthermore, permeation fluxes of pure water and the filtration of starch suspension were measured to evaluate the antifouling property of the PES-C/SiO2 composite membranes.

Structure and properties of PVDF membrane with PES-C addition via thermally induced phase separation process

Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane and PVDF membrane with phenolphthalein polyethersulfone (PES-C) addition were prepared via thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method by using diphenyl carbonate (DPC) and dimethyl acetamide (DMAc) as mixed diluents. The effects of coagulation temperature and pre-evaporation time on structure and properties of membranes were studied. The changes of sewage flux in MBR and the attenuation coefficient of sewage flux were investigated. The resistance distributions of PVDF and PVDF/PES-C membranes were compared by resistance analysis. Membrane composition and structure were characterized by ATR-FTIR, TGA, SEM and AFM. The foulant on membranes was analyzed by FTIR. The contact angle of PVDF/PES-C membrane was lower than that of PVDF membrane. A thinner skin layer and a porous cellular support layer formed in PVDF/PES-C membrane and resulted in a higher porosity and pure water flux. The pure water flux and porosity of PVDF/PES-C membrane increased with rising coagulation temperature and decreased with extending pre-evaporation time. The flux attenuation coefficient, the cake layer resistance and internal fouling resistance of PVDF/PES-C membrane in MBR were smaller than those of PVDF membrane in MBR. The FTIR spectrum of foulant on membrane indicated that the foulant on PVDF/PES-C membrane was mostly composed of protein and polysaccharide, while the foulant on pure PVDF membrane included biopolymer clusters besides protein and polysaccharide.

Preparation, characterization and performance of phenolphthalein polyethersulfone ultrafiltration hollow fiber membranes

Phenolphthalein polyethersulfone (PES-C) is potentially an excellent candidate as a membrane. This assumption is based upon its mechanical and thermal properties. Here we report the manufacture of hollow-fiber membranes using the PES-C using a dry-wet spinning technique. The influence of different hollow-fiber contact forming conditions including solvent, composition of PES-C temperature, internal quench medium extrusion pressure and winding-up velocity on the structure and properties of prepared membranes were investigated. The content of PES-C in the spinning solution affects the properties of the membranes prepared, including porosity, average pore diameter and water flux. These decrease with increasing content of PES-C. Water flux of membrane increases with casting solution temperature. When the temperature reaches 40°C, water flux is maximum while retention reaches a minimum. Furthermore, water flux increases with increasing internal quench medium extrusion pressure, while inner and outer diameters increases and wall thickness decreases with increasing internal quench medium extrusion pressure. The inner and outer diameters of hollow membrane decreases with increasing winding-up velocity, the outer diameter decreases more than the inner diameter, which leads to a decrease of membrane wall thickness.

Surface modification of phenolphthalein poly(ether sulfone) ultrafiltration membranes by blending with acrylonitrile-based copolymer containing ionic groups for imparting surface electrical properties

Asymmetric ultrafiltration membranes were fabricated from the blends of phenolphthalein polyethersulfone (PES-C) and acrylonitrile copolymers containing charged groups, poly(acrylonitrile-co-acrylamido methylpropane sulfonic acid) (PAN-co-AMPS). From the surface analysis by XPS and ATR-FTIR, it was found that the charged groups tend to accumulate onto the membrane surface. This result indicated that membrane surface modification for imparting surface electrical properties could be carried out by blending charged polymer. Furthermore, with the help of a relatively novel method to measure membrane conduction, the true zeta potentials calculated on the basis of the streaming potential measurements were used to reflect the charge state of membrane surface. In addition, it was noteworthy that, from the profiles of zeta potential versus pH curves and the magnitude of zeta potentials, the determination of zeta potential was dependent not only on the electrical properties of membrane surface but also on its hydrophilicity. At last, based on a relatively elaborate study on the electrostatic interaction between the membrane surface and protein, it was found that these charged membranes could meet different demands of membrane applications, such as resisting protein fouling or protein separation, through adjusting solution pH value.

In situ composite: Phenolphthalein polyethersulfone—thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer blends

AbstractPhase behavior, thermal, rheological and mechanical properties plus morphology have been studied for a binary polymer blend. The blend is phenolphthalein polyethersulfone (PES‐C) with a thermotropic liquid crystalline polymer (LCP), a condensation copolymer of p‐hydroxybenzoic acid with ethylene terephthalate (PHB‐PET). It was found that these two polymers from optically isotropic and homogeneous blends by means of a solvent casting method. The homogeneous blends undergo phase separation during heat treatment. However, melt mixed PES‐C/PHB‐PET blends were heterogeneous based upon DSC and DMA analysis and SEM examination. Addition of LCP in PES‐C resulted in a marked reduction of melt viscosity and thus improved processability. Compared to pure PES‐C, the charpy impact strength of the blend containing 2.5% LCP increased 2.5 times. Synergistic effects were also observed for the mechanical properties of blends containing < 10% LCP. Particulates, ribbons, and fibrils were found to be the typical morphological units of PHB‐PET in the PES‐C matrix, which depended upon the concentration of LCP and the processing conditions.

Local Main Chain Dynamics of Phenolphthalein Polyethersulfone

Local main chain dynamics of dissolved phenolphthalein polyethersulfone (PES-C) in solution with chloroform-d(1) were examined through C-13 NMR relaxation measurements. Spin-lattice relaxation times and NOE (nuclear Overhauser effects) factors were measured as a function of temperature. The relaxation data were interpreted in terms of main chain segmental motion by using the damped orientational diffusion model (DAMP) and the conformation jump model (VJGM) derived by Valeur, Jarry, Geny, and Monnerie. The simulation method used is N-SIMPLEX, which gives, in this study, a result of the object function less than 10(-4). Correlation times were obtained for the main chain motion of PES-C with these models and the results indicate that the main chain of PES-C are flexible. The comparison between PES-C and 1,2-polybutadiene is proposed. The distribution of the correlation time for the main chain motion by using VJGM model is discussed. The temperature dependence of correlation times for PES-C indicating the dynamical rigidity of its chains is obtained.