Budding Phase Research Articles

NEUTRAL LIPIDS AND HIGHER FATTY ACIDS IN REPRESENTATIVES OF THE GENUS ALLIUM L. OF THE KO-MI REPUBLIC FLORA

The study of the content of neutral lipids (NL) and higher fatty acids (HFA) in three species of the genus Allium from the flora of the Komi Republic: A. angulosum, A. schoenoprasum and A. strictum is carried out. The amount of neutral lipids in different parts of the studied plants averaged from 0.5 to 6.5% of the air-dry mass. Seeds of all kinds were distinguished by the greatest accumulation of NL (up to 10–13%). It is shown that the composition of the NL of the studied species consists mainly of fatty acid molecules with a chain length of C14 – C20 and an even number of carbon atoms. Their distribution by parts of the plant has common patterns for all three species. The main amount of saturated fatty acid in all parts of the plant is palmitic acid C16:0, the amount of which is 20.8–49.1% of the total acid content. Of unsaturated acids, linoleic acid (C18:2) dominates, the content of which lies in the range of 21.9–73.0%. Linolenic acid (C18:3) it accumulates in maximum amounts in the leaves, from 25.5 to 37.0%, while in other parts its content does not exceed 10%. The leaves are characterized by an organ-specific distribution of linoleic and linolenic acids, the quantitative ratio of which is close to 1 : 1. Linoleic acid is the main content in seed oil (from 69.3 to 73.0%), and the total amount of unsaturated acids exceeds 92%. The study of seasonal dynamics showed that the content of NL in the leaves and bulbs of A. angulosum and A. stricrum is maximal in the regrowth phase and minimal in the flowering phase. In luke A. schoenoprasum the largest amount of NL was found in the budding phase, in the fruiting phase it dropped to the minimum values.

Assessment of the weather conditions influence on the economic and value characteristics of Lavandula аngustifolia L. in the conditions of Kherson region

Assessment of the prospects of introduced and created varieties of Lavandula angustifolia L. in the conditions of the Southern Steppe in terms of yield and essential oil content in raw materials, as well as the influence of the weather conditions of the year on these economically valuable traits is given. The study included 11 samples of Lavandula angustifolia L. Ecological and phenological observations were carried out for the studied plants. During the period of mass flowering of plants, the crop was recorded. The mass fraction of the essential oil was determined by the Ginsberg method on the Clevenger apparatus. The main results of the multi-year research work on the assessment of collection samples for economic and valuable characteristics of Lavandula angustifolia depending on weather conditions are highlighted. On the basis of the State Enterprise «Experimental Farming “Novokakhov”» of the Institute of ClimateOriented Agriculture of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, collection plots of narrow-leaved lavender samples were established for introductory study and testing in the conditions of the Southern Steppe. For 20 years in this region, Lavandula angustifolia underwent multi-vector study as an ornamental and essential oil crop.During this period, new variety samples and varieties adapted to local conditions were created, which have increased decorative indicators, as well as high yield and mass share of essential oil in raw materials. In particular, Lydia, Victoria and Sinieva Nadiyi varieties, with the following characteristics: plant height, cm — 65, 60.0 and 60.0, respectively; inflorescence length, cm — 8.0, 5.0 and 13.0; number of inflorescences on a plant, pcs. — 95, 230 and 200; number of flowers in an inflorescence, pcs. — 80, 49 and 90; essential oil content, % — 3.0, 3.8 and 3.25; collection of essential oil, kg/ha — 64.0, 83.0 and 71.0; content of linalyl acetate in essential oil, % — 48.0, 34.2 and 20.1; duration of the flowering period, days — 30; inflorescence yield, t/ha — 0.53, 0.55 and 0.55; frost resistance, score (1–9) — 9; resistance against pests, score (1–9): ant (Lasiusnsger) — 9; causative agents of diseases, score (1–9) — 9 — not detected (village Lidia), sora rot — 9 (village Victoria) and not detected (village Sinieva Nadiyi); zoning area — steppe. The period 2016–2021 is of particular interest, considering the study of the adaptability of culture. The weather conditions in the mentioned years differed among themselves in terms of temperature, amount of precipitation and their distribution, etc. Such conditions made it possible to assess comprehensively the influence of the weather conditions on the manifestation of economic and valuable characteristics of collections of lavender samples in this region, including newly created varieties of this valuable culture. Observations revealed deviations in the passage of phenological phases and the accumulation of essential oil. The minimum yields and essential oil content of all samples occurred in 2016, which is associated with a sharp drop in temperature and freezing of plant shoots. The maximum yield of raw materials was recorded in 2020, which is associated with the optimal amount of precipitation in the phase of growth and budding. The maximum indicators of the mass fraction of essential oil in raw materials were recorded in 2018, which is associated with high average daily temperatures and the absence of precipitation and dry weather during flowering. The results of the long-term evaluation of the samples of narrow-leaved lavender L. angustifolia based on the main economic and valuable characteristics indicate the prospects of industrial cultivation of the crop in the conditions of the Southern Steppe, and also convincingly prove the presence of genetic material of domestic origin adapted to the conditions of the region.

Nanobots-based advancement in targeted drug delivery and imaging: An update.

Manipulation and targeted navigation of nanobots in complex biological conditions can be achieved by chemical reactions, by applying external forces, and via motile cells. Several studies have applied fuel-based and fuel-free propulsion mechanisms for nanobots movements in environmental sciences and robotics. However, their applications in biomedical sciences are still in the budding phase. Therefore, the current review introduces the fundamentals of different propulsion strategies based on the advantageous features of applied nanomaterials or cellular components. Furthermore, the recent developments reported in various literatures on next-generation nanobots, such as Xenobots with applications of in-vitro and in-vivo drug delivery and imaging were also explored in detail. The challenges and the future prospects are also highlighted with corresponding advantages and limitations of nanobots in biomedical applications. This review concludes that with ever booming research enthusiasm in this field and increasing multidisciplinary cooperation, micro-/nanorobots with intelligence and multifunctions will emerge in the near future, which would have a profound impact on the treatment of diseases.

Phytochemical characteristic and activity of medicinal raw material from the leaves of pharmacopoeial plant

In 2016-2020 there was carried out a comprehensive study of the problem on involvement into the industrial turnover of ecdysterone-containing substance from the leaf parts of Rhaponticum carthamoides, which is included in the list of plants of the State Pharmacopoeia, in relation to the activity and safety of harvested raw materials. Studied were phytochemical and qualitative characteristics of medicinal raw materials obtained by alternative technology (vegetative shoots instead of roots with rhizomes). Cultivated by organic cultivation in the European North-East of Russia (Archangelsk region) with a cool and humid climate, in an agropopulation with a density of 24-28 thousand plants per 1 ha. Harvesting was carried out at the beginning of the budding phase, the concentration of the active ecdysterone substance was determined by the pharmacopoeial method of high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis. It has been established that the objects of collection are the fractions of young and adult rosette leaves, where the accumulation of large amounts of ecdysterone is associated with the presence of increased amounts of protein substances (r2 = 0.99-0.98) and there is an inverse negative dependence on fiber (r2 = -0.99…-0.94). An indicator of increased synthesis of ecdysterone is the level of crude protein of 33-27 %, at which the concentration of ecdysterone reaches 4850-3550 mg/kg (0.49-0.36 %) at a standard of 1000 mg/kg (0.1 % based on dry substance). A high degree of availability of ecdysterone from the substance in aqueous extracts, in the temperature range from -10 to +100 ºC, with subsequent preservation of the active substances during the day by 93-98 % was revealed. Total yield of extractive substances is 50.2 % (with the standard value of 12.0 %). Complex biological activity of the extract in biotests was characterized by a stimulating effect at high dilution (10-9-10-11 M per ecdysterone) and inhibitory at low dilution (1:100). Medicinal raw materials meet the established sanitary and toxicological safety standards for the content of pollutants: it does not accumulate heavy metals (Hg, Cd, As, Zn; Ni, Cu, Cr) above the background level; there are no prohibited chlorine and organophosphorus compounds; radionuclide, nitrate and nitrite content is below norms of maximum allowable concentration.

ВЛИЯНИЕ ПРЕПАРАТА БИОТРАН НА ПРОДУКТИВНОСТЬ И КАЧЕСТВО ЗЕРНА ЯРОВОЙ ПШЕНИЦЫ В УСЛОВИЯХ СРЕДНЕГО ПОВОЛЖЬЯ

An experiment to study the effect of plant growth regulators Biotran and Energia M on spring wheat yield was carried out in Ulyanovsk region at the experimental site of Ulyanovsk Research Institute of Agriculture - a branch of the Samsra Scientific Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 2019-2021. The influence of the studied preparations on the yield data and quality indicators of spring wheat grain was studied. It was established that the use of growth regulators studied in the experiment had a positive effect on the grain yield and its quality. The effective doses of the studied preparations were determined. The following were used in the experiment: growth stimulants - Energy M (standard), Biotran and a complex mineral fertilizer (Azofoska at a dose of 15 kg AI). Spring wheat cultivar Simbirtsit was sown as the studied crop. The soil of the experimental plot is represented by leached, heavy loamy chernozem. The scheme of the experiment involved the study of the following options: mineral fertilizers (factor A) - without fertilizers (0), azophoska during sowing (N15P15K15); growth regulators for pre-sowing treatment of seeds and single treatment of vegetative plants (factor B) - without treatment (0), Energy M (standard) 4 g/t + 10.0 g/ha, Biotran 5 g/t + 5.0 g/ha ha, Biotran 5 g/t + 10.0 g/ha. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds was carried out manually by the method of semidry dressing the day before sowing, with dosages recommended by the manufacturer. Spraying was carried out manually with a knapsack sprayer during the budding phase of spring wheat. The results of the research found that the increase in spring wheat yield was the largest in the variant with the use of the Biotran growth regulator at a dosage of 5 g/t (presowing seed treatment) + 10 g/ha (spraying) in all years of the experiment. On average, for three years in this variant, the yield was 1.85 t/ha against the background without the use of fertilizers and 1.94 t/ha against the fertilized background. Under the influence of the studied growth regulators, the technological and biochemical parameters of grain improved: the protein content in the grain increased by 0.3-1.4%, gluten by 0.2-1.9%, nature by 1-12 g/l.

Фотосинтетическая деятельность картофеля в зависимости от способов применения стимулятора роста в предгорной зоне РСО-Алания

Abstract. The purpose of the work is to study the effect of the growth stimulant “Epin-Extra” on the photosynthetic activity of potato crops of the Nevskiy variety according to the results of field experiments. Methods. The studies of the tasks were carried out on the experimental section of the North Caucasus Research Institute of Mountain and Piedmont Agriculture – branch of the VSC of RAS in the conditions of the foothill zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania according to generally accepted methods during 2019–2021. The soil of the experimental site is medium-powerful heavy loamy leached black earth, underlain by pebbles. Results. The results of the study indicate a positive effect of the use of the growth stimulant “Epin-Extra” in the cultivation of potatoes of the Nevskiy variety in the conditions of the foothill zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania. The drug of the growth stimulant “Epin-Extra” contributes to an increase in the biometric indicators of potatoes: the height of plants by 1.4–3.3 cm, the number of main stems is 0.3–0.7 pcs. per bush compared to the control. It is established, that growth factor “Epin-Extra” strengthens process of formation of the area of leaves and keeps them during vegetation. On all skilled versions the area of leaves above a control version on 8.01; 4.54; 10.7 %, accordingly. The greatest sheet surface is noted at complex use of a growth factor in comparison with other skilled versions, the increase has made 8.2 and 6.0 %. The photosynthetic potential on skilled versions on the average varied from 1.32 up to 1.45 mln m2/ha days, which is 0.11; 0.19; 0.24 mln m2/ha days is more than the control option. The biological preparation “Epin-Extra” has a polyfunctional effect on potato plants. Scientific novelty. For the first time in the foothill zone of the Republic of North Ossetia-Alania it was the effect of the growth stimulator “Epin-Extra” on potato plantings was studied Nevskiy variety. Practical significance. The studies carried out make it possible to recommend the use of an effective growth stimulant “Epin-Extra” in the production of potatoes in the foothill zone in the pre-planting treatment of potatoes at a dose of 10 ml/t and when spraying plant leaves at a dose of 60 ml/ha in the budding phase, as an environmentally safe and low-cost agricultural technique that provides an increase in yield, the quality of potato tubers and resistance to late blight.

The output and yield of the standart fraction of potato minitubers at the introcuction of chelated fertilizers on the nutrient soil Agrobalt N under the tunnel cover

Relevance. The use of chelate fertilizers in the cultivation of healthy potato plants on various nutrient substrates under tunnel shelters.Methods. The study was carried out by the method of setting vegetation experiments in closed ground.Vegetation studies were carried out in the Bryansk region with chelated fertilizers on the nutrient soil of Agrobalt N under protection from viral infection in 2018–2020. Highly concentrated liquid chelated fertilizers with trace elements, amino acids and adhesive were used. Background of mineral fertilizers (nitroammophoska 1:1:1) N60P60K60 (per vessel N0,3P0,3K0,3), the total area of the plot under 20 vessels was 1.05 m2, the repetition is fourfold. Protection of plants from pests (Colorado potato beetle, potato cow) was carried out with Regent (30 g/ha) and Mospilan (50 g/ha), from diseases (late blight, alternariosis) – with Ordan (2.5 kg/ha) and Thanos (0.6 kg/ ha). Drip irrigation was carried out as needed. After establishment and during budding, the number of plants on the accounting plots was counted. The tops were removed 2 weeks before harvesting. Tuberous analysis of mini-tubers was carried out a month after harvesting. The total harvest was taken into account separately for all repetitions. Mathematical processing of experimental data was carried out using variance analysis.Results. As a result of the research, it was found that in order to increase both the total quantitative yield and the standard fraction of mini-tubers of early potato varieties Meteor and Bryanskiy delikates on the soil of the Agrobalt N highly concentrated liquid chelated fertilizers with trace elements, amino acids and Izagri Fosfor adhesive (0.5 ml/m2) should be used for spraying plants under protection from infection vectors into the soil before planting microplants, as well asadditional spraying of plants with Izagri Fosfor(0.3 ml/m2) in the budding phase with further introduction of Izagri Potassium 0.3 ml/m2) with tuber formation.

INFLUENCE OF RETARDANTS ON MORPHOGENESIS AND ANATOMICAL STRUCTURE OF A LEAF APPARATUS OF WHITE MUSTARD PLANTS

The influence of antigiberrelic preparations on morphogenesis and anatomical structure of a leaf apparatus was studied. It is found that treatment of white mustard plants with chlormequat chloride and follicle caused a decrease in linear size, stem thickening, increase in the number and area of leaves.The influence of growth inhibitors on the mesostructure of white mustard plant leaves (Sinapis alba L.) was investigated. The application of preparations on mustard plantations in the budding phase led to optimization of the leaf anatomical structure, a thickening of the assimilation parenchyma due to the growth of its cells was observed.Under the action of the preparations, the cell volume of the columnar parenchyma in the sample with chlormequat chloride application increased and now is * 2489.86 ± 120.66 μm3, with follicle -2295.36 ± 116.25 μm3, compared to the control sample, where the volume is 2038 ± 101, 92 μm3. At the same time, the cell linear sizes of spongy parenchyma in experimental variants increase. A more expressible effect was observed under the action of chlormequat chloride.Investigation of the effect of synthetic plant growth regulators on the respiratory tract of white mustard leaves reveals that the number of stomata increased in the number of treated plants. The number of stomata in the variant with chlormequat chloride is - 377.79 ± 10.78 μm3, using follicle is * 370.88 ± 12.24 μm3 compared to the control sample of 341.49 ± 12.23 μm3.

ВПЛИВ ОРГАНО-МІНЕРАЛЬНОГО ДОБРИВА «SMART» КОМПОЗИТ МАРЦІНИШИН® НА ПОКАЗНИКИ ВОДООБМІНУ ЛИСТКІВ ПОМІДОРА ЇСТІВНОГО (LYCOPERSICON ESCULENTUM MILL.)

The article presents the results of the impact of organic-mineral fertilizer "SMART" composite "Marcinyshyn" ® on the water exchange rates of edible tomato leaves (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) when grown on meadow-black medium loam soils on loess-like loam soils of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Ternopil region). Organic-mineral fertilizer "SMART" composite "Marcinyshyn" ® is included in the "List of pesticides and agrochemicals approved for use in Ukraine" with the status of "permanent registration" for use in agriculture. The developer of regulatory and technical documentation and manufacturer of the fertilizer is Individual Entrepreneur Martsinyshyn Yuriy Danylovych, Ukraine; LLC "Research Institute of Noosphere Valeology Martsinyshyn Health Conservation and Planetary Human Environmental Safety", Ukraine. 
 It is shown that the use of organic-mineral fertilizer "SMART" composite Marcinyshyn "® by treating the root system of seedlings and foliar fertilizing of plants in phases of 3–4 true leaves, 5–7 true leaves, bush formation – the beginning of budding, flowering, fruit formation and closing of fruit significantly affects the intensity of transpiration, water holding capacity, water deficiency in the leaves of edible tomatoes hybrid F1 Talent in soil and climatic conditions of the Western Forest-Steppe of Ukraine (Ternopil region).
 It has been observed that when using organic-mineral fertilizer "SMART" composite Marcinyshyn®, the increase in transpiration intensity in comparison with the control in the phases of budding was 31.2 %, in flowering it was 29.4 %, pink ripeness – 40.1 %.
 In the flowering phase of the edible tomato under the influence of organic-mineral fertilizer "SMART" composite Marcinyshyn®, there was a tendency of greater water-holding capacity of tissues in 2, 4 and 6 hours after leaf plucking compared to the control. Indicators of water-holding capacity of leaves with foliar feeding of plants only after 24 hours were statistically significant. 
 The analysis showed that the use of organic-mineral fertilizer "SMART" Marcinyshyn® composite statistically significantly reduced the water deficit of fruits of edible tomato leaves in the phases of budding and pink ripeness by 16.7 and 19.1 %.

Optimization of technology elements in soybean stubble crop in Uzbekistan

Soybean, which is considered as valuable crop, is vitally important to solve the problem of increasing grain production and the protein in our country. In this research, the results of a study on the study of sowing dates and seeding rates of early-ripening and mid-ripening soybean varieties under conditions of irrigated typical gray fats were described. Field and laboratory methods were employed to conduct this research. Soybean stubble crops were carried out after harvesting winter wheat. Three sowing dates and three seeding rates were studied. Late sowing dates are used to determine the possible late soybean sowing dates that ensure grain yield. At early terms of sowing stubble crops, soybean varieties developed well, grew, and formed a grain yield and a certain quality of grain. According to the results, On average, over three years, seedlings of the Orzu variety, depending on the sowing time and seeding rates, appeared on days 9-11, the budding phase on days 21-25, and the flowering phase on 8-9 days after budding. The best grain quality in the Orzu variety was observed when sowing on June 15 with a norm of 500 thousand; in variety Uzbek-2 when sowing on June 15 with a norm of 300 thousand/ha.

Увеличение урожайности ярового рапса в условиях Центрально-Чернозёмной зоны России

The purpose of the research is to establish the effectiveness of the effect of foliar fertilizing with micro fertilizers in different phases of plant development on the yield and quality of spring rape seeds. The experiments were conducted in 2019 and 2020, in the conditions of the Lipetsk region. Three types of treatments of vegetating plants with micro fertilizers were studied: the rosette phase, the budding phase, the rosette + budding phase. Studied drugs: Microel (0.2 l/ha), Life Force (0.4 l/ha), Boroplus (0.75 l/ha), Plantafol 20:20:20 (1 kg/ha), Plantafol 5:15:45 (1 kg/ha) and Lignohumate (0.15 l/ha). The object of the study was a variety of spring rapeseed Reef. The research was carried out according to the methodological recommendations generally accepted in agronomic science for laying and conducting field experiments. The research results have shown that the most effective are double leaf treatments of plants in the rosette phase and with their further processing in the budding phase. The maximum increase in yield was provided by micro fertilizers Plantafol 20:20:20 and Plantafol 5:15:45 with double treatment, amounting to 2.05 and 1.94 t/ha, respectively, exceeding the control by 0.64 and 0.53 t/ha, respectively. This study allowed us to establish that in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Central Chernozem region, in order to increase the productivity of spring rapeseed, it is possible to use leaf fertilizing with the studied micro fertilizers. Keywords: RAPESEED, MICRO FERTILIZERS, YIELD, OIL CONTENT, BIOMETRIC INDICATORS

GROWTH REGULATORS AND MICROFERTILIZER ON POLEMONIUM CАERULEUM L. APPLICATION: EFFECTIVENESS FOR MEDICINAL RAW MATERIAL AND SEEDS YIELD INCREASING

Introduction. The article presents the results of the use of growth regulators and micro-fertilizers on the medicinal culture namely Polemonium ceruleum L. according to the concept of exogenous bioregulation of growth processes, the productivity of raw materials and the content of biologically active substances in raw materials. Rhizomes with roots of this species (Rhizomata cum radicibus Polemonii) are included in the Russian State Pharmacopoeia 14th edition as an expectorant.
 The purpose of this work is to identify the possibility of increasing the yield and quality of Polemonium caeruleum medicinal plant raw materials with foliar treatment by Hardy’s retardant, Siliplant micronutrient fertilizer, Zircon growth regulator and their tank mixture under conditions of the Non-chernozem zone of the Russian Federation.
 Materials and methods. Experiments to study the effect of Siliplant microfertilizer, Zircon growth regulator, their tank mixture, and Hardy’s retardant on the growth, development and bioproductivity of Polemonium caeruleum plants was conducted in 2019-2020 in the field crop rotation at the All-Russia Medicinal Plants Research Institute (VILAR). In the second and third years of the growing season, two treatments of plants were performed with preparations at the following consumption rates: Siliplant (1 l / ha), Zircon (50 ml / ha), Siliplant (1 l / ha) + Zircon 50 ml / ha), Hardy (0, 2 l/ha), in the control plants were treated with water. Consumption of solution - 300 l / ha. The first treatment was conducted in the budding phase (2nd decade of May), the second - two weeks after the first. The quantitative content of triterpene saponins in terms of β-escin in medicinal raw materials was determined according to the Russian Farmacopeia (FS 2.5.0039.15).
 Results. Microfertilizer Siliplant and Hardy retardant increased the yield of roots and rhizomes of Polemonium caeruleum plants by 0.24 and 0.16 t/ha, respectively. The highest content of biologically active substances was observed in plants treated with Siliplant, Siliplant + Zircon and Hardy, the excess over the control was 22 %, 11 %, and 7 %, respectively, while in the variant with the growth regulator Zircon the opposite picture was observed – the content of biologically active substances on 14 % less. The tests carried out showed that all experimental options for seed yield and weight of 1000 pcs. outnumbered control. The greatest increase in seed yield was observed in the Siliplant and Hardy variants (25 and 17 %, respectively). The Siliplant + Zircon and Zircon variants showed lower efficiency – the excess was 11 and 6 %. In addition, the treatment of plants with all studied preparations is an effective method of increasing sowing qualities: energy of seed germination increases by 50-63 % and germinating capacity by 6-13 %.
 Conclusion. The results of the study are relevant for the development of environmentally friendly agricultural technologies for the cultivation of Polemonium cаeruleum medicinal crops.

Early Experience of Laparoscopic Surgery in a Teaching Hospital in Rural Nigeria

Introduction/background: Laparoscopic surgery is still at its budding phase in low resource countries. The reasons for this include poor financing of the health sector and lack of trained personnel. The aim of this article is to highlight our initial experiences, our challenges in setting up laparoscopic surgery in a private tertiary hospital in rural southwestern Nigeria, and to share our efforts towards alleviating these challenges.
 Methodology: A retrospective analysis of all patient who had laparoscopic surgery between January 2019 and December 2020 at the Surgery Department of Babcock University Teaching Hospital, Ilisan, Ogun State was carried out. Their sociodemographic, preoperative and intraoperative data along with postoperative records were subjected to descriptive analysis.
 Results: During the period, 19 patients had laparoscopic procedures: 12(63.2%) males and 7 (36.8%) females with age ranging from 4 to 63years. The most common indication for laparoscopic surgery was appendicitis, representing 84.2% of the procedures. Most of the procedures were done on emergency basis (63.1%) while 36.9% were elective procedures. All the procedures were therapeutic though in 21.1% we started with diagnostic intent but intra-operatively we proceed to therapeutic procedure following confirmation of the diagnosis. The duration of the procedures ranged from 40 minutes to 107 minutes with a mean duration of 74.8±19 minutes. No intra or post operative complications were recorded in this cohort of patients. The mean duration of hospital stay was 2 days.
 Conclusion: Laparoscopic surgery is safe and feasible in low resource setting. We recommend that centers embarking on laparoscopic surgeries should start with diagnostic procedures and gradually incorporate therapeutic procedures as they improve in proficiency.
 Author
 C C Adumah 1, A O Mosanya 1, O F Salami 2, O K Apata 1, I O Ogundele 1, E C Onuoha 1

Intensity of CO2 emissions from sod-podzolic soil at different doses of ameliorants and fertilization of winter rape in Western Polissia

Observations by the intensity of CO2 emissions on sod-podzolic soil in the feld of winter rape showed its dependence on fertilizer systems, liming, seasonal dynamics of air temperature, moisture conditions and soil acidity. In summer, there is an increase in the release of carbon dioxide, which is associated with maximum biological activity of the soil. It was found that in the spring rosette phase in variant N120P90K120 with dose 0.5 Ha (by the hydrolytic acidity) of dolomite flour the emission intensity was the highest – 121.3 and 130.1 mg of CO2/kg of soil. The lowest evaporation rate of carbon dioxide (116 mg/kg of soil) was recorded when applying 1.5 Ha doses of dolomite flour on the background of the same fertilizer. The decrease of carbon dioxide emissions in the phase of rape budding and flowering at an air temperature of 15.2–18.4 °С and productive moisture of 10.8–14.6 mm in the 0–20 cm soil layer it was noted. By the addition of dolomite flour decreasing was 5–20 % to the control and 6–23 % to the background of N120P90K120. In these phase of culture vegetation, the lowest CO2 fluxes from the soil (100.9 mg / kg) was observed by the application of dolomite flour at a dose of 1.5 Ha on the fertilization background, while on the control it was 105.7 mg CO2/kg of soil. A similar trend was found in the phase of technical maturity of winter rape. At an air temperature of 28.6 °С and a reserve of productive soil moisture of 9.3 mm (0–20 cm layer), the emission index of carbon dioxide for the specifed dose of liming and fertilizer was at the level of 60.3 mg CO2/kg. It should be noted that in control and variant of N120P90K120 application (background) the decreasing of sod-podzolic soil acidity (pHKCl) to 4.1–4.0 units caused an increase of CO2 production by the soil during the growing season of winter rape. It was proved that the use of dolomite flour at a dose of 1.5 На on the background of N120P90K120 had a more complete neutralizing effect, which helped to reduce the intensity of CO2 emissions by 6.4–22.2 %. Key words: winter rape, CO2 emissions, fertilizers, ameliorants, soil acidity, productivity.

Нодуляційна здатність, маса рослин та врожайність сої залежно від комплексного застосування препаратів

Goal. To determine the complex effect of biological preparations, seed disinfectants, postgermination herbicides, fungicides, and plant growth regulators on the number and weight of nitrogen-fixing nodules, plant weight, and yield of soy seed in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine. Methods. Field, analytical and statistical. Results. Weather conditions during the years of research significantly affected the indicators of the number and raw weight of tubers, the raw weight of plants, and the level of the yield of soy seeds. The effect of drugs of biological and chemical origin on these indicators differed significantly over the years of research. On average, in 2016–2018, no evidence of negative effects on the number and raw weight of nodules on the roots of soy plants in all variants of the experiment was detected from the use of biological and chemical preparations. Their maximum amount (97.9 pcs.) and raw weight (1.18 g) on the 1st plant were formed when used against the background of post-germination herbicides (Tabezon, 2.0 l/ha + Formula, 6 g/ha + surfactant Trend 90, 0.2 l/ha — tank mix (primordial soy leaves) + Lemur, 1.5 l/ha (2–3 trifoliate soy leaves) of the fungicide Akanto Plus 25, 0.75 l/ha in the phase of budding and formation of beans. The maximum raw weight of 1 soy plant (45.9 g) was formed at the use of the studied herbicides on the background of pre-sowing inoculation of seeds with the biological product Biokompleks-BTU, 1.0 l/t. The increase in soy seed yield increased the most (0.28 t/ha, or 20.7%) compared to the absolute control (weed sowing without the use of biological and chemical drugs) for the application of the above composition of post-germination herbicides against pre-sowing seed treatment with fungicide insecticide Standak Top, 1.0 l/t. Conclusions. The complex application of biological and chemical preparations in the technological process of seed treatment and crop spraying is promising for stimulating the symbiotic activity of plants and increasing the yield of soy seeds in the Eastern Forest-Steppe of Ukraine.

Productivity and crop quality of Salvia officinalis L. in the conditions of the Southern steppe of Ukraine

One of the important elements of ecological production of medicinal plant raw materials is the development and implementation of innovative technologies for growing medicinal crops based on biologized approaches and minimizing anthropogenic pressure on the environment. Therefore, the research aimed to determine the effect of doses of mineral fertilizers and biopreparations Biocomplex-BTU on the yield of green mass of Salvia officinalis L. plants and the content of essential oil in it. Experimental studies were conducted in the ecological conditions of Mykolayiv National Agrarian University (Ukraine) from 2016 to 2021 years. It was found that biometric indicators of plants changed significantly depending on the years of vegetation and the factors studied. Thus, regardless of the year of vegetation, the greatest influence on the formation of biometric indicators of plants was influenced by the combination of applying mineral fertilizers at a dose of N60P90 and carrying out foliar top dressing of plants during the growing season with a Biocomplex-BTU. In this variant of the experiment, 4.04-24.26 t ha– 1 of green mass of plants was obtained, depending on the year of cultivation. The plant nutrition also affected the content of essential oil. Most of it was in plant leaves using N60P90 and Biocomplex-BTU - 2.68%. At the same time, it was determined that most of the essential oil was contained in Salvia officinalis L. plants in the budding phase.

SESQUITERPENE LACTONS FROM AERIAL PARTS OF ARTEMISIA CAMPESTRIS (var. MARSCHALLIANA) SPRENG.

About 500 species of wormwood are known in the world. In the flora of Azerbaijan, this genus is represented by 42 taxa. The main chemicals in wormwood are shown to be sesquiterpene lactones, coumarins, steroids, and essential oils. From the aerial parts of Artemisia campestris (var. Marschalliana) Spreng., collected during the phenological phase of budding, an acetone extract was obtained, which, after removal of the solvent, was subjected to the column chromatography in neutral alumina oxide (II degree of activity) and eluted graduality with hexane, benzene, chloroform and their mixtures of increasing polarity. As a result of chromatographic separation, two sesquiterpene lactones of the eudesmann type were isolated - α-santonin (substance I) with m.p. 170–172 °С and artemisin (substance II) m.p. 201–203 °С. Moreover, an acetyl derivative of artemisin (substance III) with m.p. 196–198°C, the identification of which was carried out on the basis of physicochemical and spectral data (UV, IR, and 1H, 13C, 13C Dept 45, 13C Dept 90, 13C Dept 135 NMR spectra was obtained. Substances I and II are isolated from Artemisia campestris (var. Marschalliana) Spreng. for the first time.

PECULIARITIES OF THE USE OF INNOVATIVE GROWTH REGULATORS IN POTATO AND SOYBEAN CULTIVATION IN THE FOREST-STEPPE OF THE PRIOB’E AREA

The authors cited the results of comprehensive experiments on the application of innovative environmentally acceptable growth regulators on industrial crops: potatoes and soybeans. The experiments were conducted in 2019-2021 in the soil and climatic zone of the drained forest-steppe in the conditions of chernozem on potato varieties, Lyubava (early) and Tuleevsky (medium maturing), and soybean on grain Zolotistaya (early maturing). These experimental fields belong to the Educational and Experimental Farm “Praktik” of Novosibirsk Region and the Closed Joint-Stock Company Livestock Breeding Farming “Irmen” of Novosibirsk Region. The maximum photosynthetic performance of Novosil and Ecofus applied to potatoes and soybeans is up to 19 % compared to control. The authors of the study treated crops before sowing as well as on the shoots before the beginning of the phase of budding. The yield against the growth regulators used increased significantly by 21-24 % when Novosil and Ecofus were applied during seed treatment and when spraying vegetative plants before the phase of budding. It was statistically established that the potato yield depended on variety by 30 %, on growth regulators by 33, and on conditions of the year by 23 %.

SEASONAL RHYTHMS OF PLANT DEVELOPMENT OF GLEBIONIS CORONARIA (L.) CASS. EX SPACH. IN THE CENTRAL POLISSIA AREA OF UKRAINE

The aim of our research was to study seasonal rhythms of development of Glebionis coronaria (L.) Cass. ex Spach. (garland chrysanthemum) introduced in the Central Polissia area of Ukraine, depending on abiotic conditions of the plant environment. The study of phenology of introduced plants was carried out from 2013 till 2017 in the Botanical Garden of Polissia National University. We calculated the effective heat sum above 5°C, required for a certain phase of development and for the plants life cycle in general. It was established that under conditions of Central Polissia in Ukraine during the period of 2013–2017 G. coronaria vegetated for 102–132 days at the effective heat sum of 1471.4–1780.3°C. Seedlings appeared between late April and early May at a rather wide range of effective heat sums, i.e. from 131.4°C to 195.2°C. The vegetative phase lasted 35–41 days, until early June. The budding phase began in early June at the effective heat sum of 351.5–502°C and lasted until late June, i.e. for 20–24 days. The beginning of the flowering phase was recorded between mid and late June with a wide range of the effective heat sums of 527°C–755.3°C. The duration of the phase varied significantly over the years of research: from 41 to 60 days. The fruiting phase occurred in late June – mid July at the effective heat sum of 780,5–1074,2оС і and lasted from 28 to 52 days. The phase of fading began in late July – mid August at the effective heat sum of 1116.5°C–1464.2°C. Vegetation ended between early August and early September. The timings of phenological phases that reflect seasonal development depend largely on temperature and water supply. The biological needs of the introduced plants for the growing season duration and thermal regime fully correspond to the natural conditions of the Central Polissia area of Ukraine, which confirms that cultivation of G. coronaria in this region is highly promising.

Integrated protection of the Galega orientalis on sod-podzolic soil

Relevance. The Galega orientalis, growing in one place for many years in a row, accumulates many different diseases and insect pests in its agrobiocenosis and the seed productivity of the crop decreases, so comprehensive protection of crops is relevant.Methods. The accounting platforms were laid on the experimental field of the Vologda State Agricultural Academy in 2012 on the Gale variety. The soil of the site is sod-slightly podzolic, medium loamy, with a capacity of the arable horizon of 20-22 cm and a humus content of 2.6%. Observations of diseases and pests were carried out during the entire growing season of the Galega orientalis from May to September once a decade. The collection of insect pests was carried out with an entomological net, based on samples in 10 strokes, which corresponded to the density of insects per 1 m2.Results. Diseases such as peronosporosis, powdery mildew and rust with an average number of 5-9 specimens per 1 m2 were detected on Galega orientalis. The pests were dominated by nodule weevils of the genus Sitona, clover seed eaters of the genus Apion and grass bugs, with a number of more than 10 specimens per 1 m2. The integrated protection of Galega orientalis included weeding of experimental plots from weeds, spraying of crops from diseases in the phase of regrowth of the Galega orientalis with a fungicide — Falcon with a consumption rate of 0.6 l/ha and from pests in the budding phase of the culture — with a microbiological preparation Bitoxibacillin with consumption rates of 2, 3 and 4 kg/ha. A sufficiently high efficiency of the fungicide Falcon, CS (suspension concentrate) with a consumption rate of 0.6 l /ha — 80.9-91.7% — was established. The efficiency of Bitoxibacillin with a consumption rate of 4 kg/ha was 89.5-92.5%.