Pharmacological Measures Research Articles

Potassium homeostasis and signaling as a determinant of Echinacea species tolerance to salinity stress

Salt tolerant is strongly related to potassium (K+) retention in plant tissues under salt stress conditions. However, it is unclear for different Echinacea species. So, mechanistic basis of four Echinacea species (i.e. Echinacea purpurea, Echinacea angustifolia, Echinacea pallida, and Echinacea sanguinea) to salinity stress tolerance, and K+ retention were assessed in the present study. Non-invasive microelectrode ion flux measuring, dehydroascorbate reductase (DHAR) and monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR) activities, and pharmacological measurements were performed based on the standard methods. Ion flux measurements revealed higher K+ efflux in E. pallida and E. sanguinea species compared to the E. purpurea and E. angustifolia species in the elongation zone. Higher salinity-induced H+ efflux was found in the elongation zone than mature zone. However, E. angustifolia and E. purpurea had more Ca2+ influx compared to E. pallida and E. sanguinea species. Net K+ efflux decreased (> 90 %) in the presence of tetraethylammonium chloride (TEA) and GdCl3. Increasing of Ca2+ uptake and K+ loss in four Echinacea species roots were found in the presence of 0.3 mM Cu/Ascorbate (Cu/Asc). The significant role of H+-ATPase in H+ efflux was demonstrated by sodium orthovanadate. Ultimately, the physiological properties of Echinacea species have a critical role in salinity-resistant/sensitive differences. Future scientific understanding of Echinacea species physiognomies may be necessary for better understanding of the plant behavior to salinity stress.

Treatment of Refractory No-Reflow in Cardiac Catheterization Laboratory; Role of Intracoronary Verapamil (A Case Report)

The no reflow phenomenon is a feared complication in Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI) procedures including elective as well as primary PCI (Percutaneous Coronary Intervention), and results in worse prognosis. A number of etiological factors are involved in pathogenesis of no reflow phenomenon. These include distal athero embolization, ischemic and reperfusion injury, microvascular spasm and endothelial dysfunction. The treatment of no reflow depends on underlying mechanism and includes pharmacological as well as non-pharmacological interventions. Pharmacological agents include vasodilators like adenosine, sodium nitroprusside, verapamil, in addition to adrenaline (intracoronary) and, GpIIa/IIIb inhibitors. Non pharmacological measures include mechanical thrombus aspiration. Among pharmacological agents, Verapamil is usually the least preferred agent because of its negative ionotropic effect. Here, we describe a case of refractory no reflow in a patient undergoing primary PCI to right coronary artery (RCA), which was treated with a no. of pharmacological agents as well as aspiration thrombectomy but without much success and finally responded to intracoronary verapamil.

Progression of Myopia - which Preventive Measures Can be Recommended?

The prevalence of myopia shows a worldwide increase with large regional differences. Especially high myopia enhances the risk of irreversible vision loss due to myopic maculopathy or other secondary effects. Reducing the prevalence and progression of myopia in schoolchildren is therefore a main goal in ophthalmology. Spending at least two hours a day outdoors is the easiest way to reduce myopia progression. Another modifiable factor is to reduce continuous near work with distances of less than 30 cm. Low-dose atropine eye drops administered once daily over two or more years have been shown to reduce myopia progression. Optical interventions which have been effective are multifocal contact lenses or orthokeratology contact lenses, but these have the risk of microbial keratitis. Whereas neither under- nor overcorrection of myopia have been proven effective, new so-called multisegment glasses have reduced myopia progression. Most of the studies concerning atropine and optic interventions have been performed in groups of Asian children, which are known to have more severe myopia progression, although actually there are many studies being conducted on Caucasian children. Still, there is also a lack of studies contrasting pharmacologic against optic interventions and comparing these with a combination of methods. The decision to start optic or pharmacologic measures can therefore only be an individual decision and is mainly based on age, refraction and progression in the past, while environmental factors should be assessed first.

Anticoagulation Use for Secondary Prophylaxis Against Recurrent Venous Thromboembolism in Hospitalized Children: A Report from the Children's Hospital-Acquired Thrombosis (CHAT) Consortium

Introduction: Most venous thromboembolism (VTE) in children are provoked and have an overall low risk for recurrence, especially if the original provoking factor is mitigated. Nonetheless, certain factors heighten VTE recurrence risk, including hospitalization. In fact, the rate of VTE in hospitalized children has increased more than 200% since 20011. This staggering discovery emphasizes the dire need for more effective tactics aimed at VTE prevention. Historically, pediatric providers have been hesitant to initiate pharmacologic (i.e. anticoagulant) measures in children for a number of reasons. In our recent survey of practice patterns of secondary prevention against recurrent VTE in pediatrics, we found low use (<25%) of pharmacologic prophylaxis in high-risk children2. Additionally, most respondents did not feel comfortable initiating secondary pharmacologic prophylaxis in younger children2. In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, numerous trials have been conducted to evaluate anticoagulation for VTE prevention in affected individuals. The recently published COVID-19 Anticoagulation in Children- Thromboprophylaxis trial showed safety of low-dose enoxaparin in children hospitalized with COVID-19 or multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C)3. Furthermore, trials of direct oral anticoagulants have also shown safety and efficacy in secondary VTE prevention in children4. Importantly, these studies have consistently demonstrated low rates of bleeding. Methods: The CHAT Registry is an IRB-approved registry that captures clinical data on hospital-acquired VTE in children <21 years of age and non-VTE controls. Subjects were enrolled from 2012-2021 across 8 participating pediatric hospitals. Using this REDCap database, we performed a retrospective study of enrolled subjects to explore trends for secondary anticoagulation prophylaxis use in hospitalized children. Subjects (cases and controls) were included if they had a history of VTE. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze demographics/characteristics and VTE prophylaxis measures. Results: Fifty-two subjects (%) out of 2219 total CHAT subjects (1273 cases, 946 controls) reviewed had a prior history of VTE. Characteristics of these subjects are presented in Table 1. The mean age was 9.6 years with a slight male predominance (54%). Regarding VTE prophylaxis (Figure 1), 18 (35%) received VTE prophylaxis (mechanical and/or pharmacologic) during hospitalization. Of these, 11 subjects (61%) were prescribed pharmacologic prophylaxis either alone (8) or in combination with mechanical prophylaxis (3). The remaining seven (39%) received only mechanical prophylaxis. Four subjects were already on anticoagulation at the time of admission. Forty-four (85%) subjects experienced a hospital-acquired VTE recurrence. Only 16 (36%) of these had received some method of VTE prophylaxis. Of those who did not receive pharmacologic prophylaxis, only 3 had a documented contraindication. The most commonly documented contraindications to pharmacologic prophylaxis pertained to risk of bleeding, and included uncorrected coagulopathy, ongoing/uncontrolled hemorrhage and thrombocytopenia. The median time between admission and VTE event was 9 days. Conclusion: There is a high rate of recurrent VTE in hospitalized children with a history of prior VTE. These results underscore the significance of implementing consistent pharmacologic prophylaxis in high-risk children where appropriate. As the landscape is actively changing in terms of available anticoagulant formulations available for children, providers may feel more confident in initiating secondary pharmacologic prophylaxis particularly as new data confirm the safety. Nevertheless, ongoing definitive studies are required to better understand which particular factors yield the highest rates of VTE and hence warrant pharmacologic prophylaxis above standard mechanical measures. We want to acknowledge the CHAT Consortium sites who contributed to the CHAT Registry. Figure 1View largeDownload PPTFigure 1View largeDownload PPT Close modal

Premedication with midazolam in low-risk surgery in children does not reduce the incidence of postoperative delirium. Cohort study

Introduction: Pediatric postoperative delirium is a frequent complication for which preventive pharmacological measures have been suggested. The use of midazolam as a prophylactic strategy has not yet been thoroughly assessed. Notwithstanding the fact that it is used in pediatric presurgical separation anxiety, its role in delirium is yet to be established. &#x0D; Objective: To quantify the incidence of pediatric postoperative delirium in patients undergoing low risk surgical interventions, exposed to oral midazolam-based premedication and to explore the protective and risk factors associated with the development of delirium. &#x0D; Materials and methods: Prospective, analytical observational study with a cohort design. Children were conveniently selected in accordance with the daily list of surgical procedures in the operating rooms. The inclusion criteria were children between 2 and 10 years old, ASA I-II, undergoing low risk surgeries. Concurrent and longitudinal follow-up was then conducted upon admission to the post-anesthesia care unit (PACU) for the first hour.&#x0D; Results: A total of 518 children were included. The overall incidence of delirium was 14.4 % (95 % CI: 11.4 %-17.5 %). In the subgroup exposed to midazolam, 178 children were analyzed, with an incidence of delirium of 16.2% (95% CI of 10,8 %-21,7). These patients exhibited a higher tendency to delirium with the use of sevoflurane or fentanyl, and/or when presenting with severe postoperative pain. Patients exposed to propofol and/or remifentanil showed lower incidences.&#x0D; Conclusions: No reduction in the incidence of emergency pediatric delirium associated with the use of pre-surgical oral midazolam in low risk surgical procedures. Prospective controlled trials and additional research are required to study the effectiveness and safety of this intervention.

Case-case study on comparative vaccine effectiveness against Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infections

Abstract Introduction Vaccination is the primary pharmacological measure to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission and its complications. Timely information on vaccines effectiveness in a context of novel variants of concern (VOC) emergence is essential for public health policies. This study aimed to provide a measure of comparative vaccine effectiveness between Omicron (BA.1) and Delta (B.1.627.2) VOC according to vaccination exposure (complete primary regimen or booster dose) for Portuguese population aged 12 or more years old using routinely collected data from electronic health records. Methods We used a case-case study design linking national electronic vaccination registry and surveillance data on 13,134 SARS-CoV-2 RT-PCR laboratory-confirmed cases notified in Portugal during weeks 49-51 of 2021. Notified cases were classified as Omicron or Delta based on whole-genome sequencing or S-gene Target Failure (SGTF) status using the RT-PCR TaqPath™ Covid 19 CE IVD Kit (Thermo Scientific™) assay. The odds of vaccination was compared between Omicron cases and Delta cases using logistic regression adjusted for age group, sex, region and week of diagnosis and laboratory of origin. Results The odds of vaccination were higher in laboratory-confirmed cases infected by Omicron (BA.1) VOC compared to Delta (B.1.627.2) VOC for both complete primary vaccination (Odds ratio (OR)=2.1; 95% Confidence Interval (95%CI): 1.8 - 2.4) and booster dose (OR = 5.2; 95%CI: 3.1 - 8.8), indicating vaccine effectiveness reduction against Omicron. Conclusions We found significantly higher odds of vaccination in Omicron cases compared to Delta, suggesting lower effectiveness of the primary vaccination and the booster dose in preventing infections by Omicron. Case-case study design has proven to be feasible approach to rapidly compare vaccine effectiveness between VOC in context of novel VOC emergence to timely inform public health stakeholders. Key messages • Reduction of vaccine-induced protection against SARS-COV-2 infection with the Omicron compared to Delta after primary and booster vaccination. • Continuous monitoring of COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness is essential to support public health policies in context of novel VOC emergence.

83.3 De-Escalation: Methods and Cases

Conflict and aggression/agitation constitute major treatment and safety concerns on the child and adolescent inpatient units for both patients and staff, and psychological recovery of the individual and overall milieu. There is consensus that sequential interventions are usually employed in order to manage agitation and aggression. Recent interventions emphasize noncoercive approaches using verbal engagement, establishment of a collaborative relationship, and how verbal de-escalation before pharmacological, restraints, and seclusion measures are being used.

P304 Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with onychomycosis caused due to Neoscytalidium spp. in two reference centers in Bogotá D.C.

Poster session 2, September 22, 2022, 12:30 PM - 1:30 PMObjective: To describe the sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, diagnostic methods, and therapies received in patients with onychomycosis confirmed due to Neoscytalidium spp, who attended the San José Hospital and the Medical Mycology Laboratory for 1 year, in order to get a better perspective of the disease in our field, enhance its detection and increase early prevention.MethodsA descriptive cross-sectional observational study was carried out in two centers: San José Hospital and Medical Mycology Laboratory from November 2019 to November 2020; patients of all ages with a confirmed diagnosis of onychomycosis due to Neoscytalidium spp. were included. The cases were identified based on ICD-10 codes and the information was collected from the clinical history, questionnaires, clinical photographs, and additional documents.ResultsA total of 465 cases of onychomycosis were confirmed in the chosen period of time, of which 60 cases were caused due to Neoscytalidium spp. Affecting 31 women and 29 men, with an average age of 48.5 years in both sexes; 85% of these patients lived in Bogota D. C. The mean duration between the onset of the disease and its diagnosis was 3 years, 13% of the patients had a history of chronic disease including thyroid disorders, arterial hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. A total of 98% of the patients had toenail involvement, 88% had 1 to 5 nails involved, 33% of the cases showed mild nail involvement, 20% moderate, and 6% severe. Likewise, 35% of the cases presented dermatomycosis. 43% of the patients reported having received topic and systemic treatment, where there was no improvement in the major of the cases (78%).Conclusions: Our results support what is reported in the literature regarding risk factors, sociodemographic findings, and difficulty in therapeutic response to the pharmacological measures available to treat this infection; as well as the opinion of certain authors, onychomycosis caused due to non-dermatophyte mold is clinically indistinguishable from that caused by dermatophytes. Therefore, a complete mycological study (direct examination/KOH and culture) should always be performed to identify the causative agent before starting any treatment, since as our study showed, infections due to Neoscytalidium spp. are, in general frequency, the third most common cause of infection in onychomycosis and the first by non-dermatophyte molds.

Serum S100A8/A9 May Act as Biomarker of Atherosclerosis Severity in Psoriasis

Myocardial infarction remains the leading cause of death worldwide despite an improvement in outcomes over the last several decades (Reed et. al., 2017). Although primary prevention of cardiovascular disease through pharmacological measures has been a key part of this progress, many patients have comorbidities that independently increase their cardiovascular risk. In their linked article, “Association of S100A8/A9 with lipid-rich necrotic core (LRNC) and treatment with biologic therapy in patients with psoriasis: results from an observational cohort study” (Berg et al., 2022), the authors present data to further elucidate the complex relationship between psoriasis and cardiovascular health.

Post-ERCP Pancreatitis: Prevention, Diagnosis and Management.

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) carries a post-ERCP pancreatitis (PEP) rate of 2–10%, which could be as high as 30–50% in high-risk cases. PEP is severe in up to 5% of cases, with potential for life-threatening complications, including multi-organ failure, peripancreatic fluid collections, and death in up to 1% of cases. The risk of PEP is potentially predictable and may be modified with pharmacological measures and endoscopist technique. This review covers the definition, epidemiology and risk factors for PEP, with a focus on the latest evidence-based medical and endoscopic strategies to prevent and manage PEP.

Perioperative Complications in Pediatric Anesthesia

Perioperative complications are more frequent in younger children, especially under the age of 3 years and in infants. The anatomy and physiology of children cause more respiratory adverse events compared to adult patients. Respiratory adverse events account for 60% of all anesthetic complications. Main risk factors for respiratory adverse events are upper respiratory tract infections. Keeping the airway management as noninvasive as possible helps prevent major complications.Perioperative hypotension can compromise cerebral oxygenation, especially when hypocapnia and anemia are present. Congenital heart disease leads to a higher cardiovascular adverse event rate and should be diagnosed preoperatively whenever possible.Venous and arterial cannulation is more challenging in children and complications are more frequent even for experienced practitioners. Ultrasound is an essential tool for peripheral venous access as well as for central venous catheterization.Medication errors are more common in pediatric than in adult patients. Charts and electronic calculation of dosing can increase safety of prescriptions. Standardized storage of medications at all workplaces, avoiding look-alike medications in the same compartment and storing high-risk medications separately help prevent substitution errors.Emergence delirium and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) are the most frequent postoperative adverse events. For diagnosing emergence delirium, the PAED scale is a helpful tool. Prevention of emergence delirium by pharmacological and general measures plays a key role for patient outcome. Routine prophylaxis of PONV above the age of 3 years is recommended.Frequency and severity of perioperative adverse events in pediatric anesthesia can be reduced by using algorithms and defined processes to allow for structured actions. Efficient communication and organization are mainstays for utilizing all medical options to reduce the risk of complications.

Urolithiasis-Therapy and recurrence prevention taking into account gender-specific aspects

The prevalence of urolithiasis is steadily increasing worldwide in both genders. Diet and lifestyle, such as the rising prevalence of obesity and other metabolic syndrome traits, are considered key factors in this trend. Gender differences as aresult of interventional therapy for urolithiasis have not been observed. However, iatrogenic injury to the male urethra is considered the most common reason for urethral strictures after endourologic (stone) therapy. In contrast, sepsis, as the major cause of urinary stone-related mortality, is more frequently reported in women after ureterorenoscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy. There are also differences in the frequency of various types of stones between men and women. Calcium oxalate and uric acid stones are more commonly observed in men, while carbonate apatite and struvite are diagnosed more often in women. Urinary stone analysis is therefore paramount for successful recurrence prevention. Diagnosis is based on the assignment of patients to the low-risk or high-risk group. The medical nutrition and pharmacological measures for the therapy of the respective type of stone are based on the risk factors in 24 h urine samples. Apersonalized approach that accounts for gender differences could further improve treatment, and recurrence prevention decisions for urinary stones.

Contrast-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: Assessing The Effects of Pharmacological Preventive Measures

Contrast-induced acute kidney injury is a well-recognized nosocomial entity that usually arises 3 - 5 days after IV contrast administration. CI-AKI is characterized by an increase in serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen, or a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate due to iodineinduced oxidative damage to vascular endothelial cells and renal tubular epithelium. Despite the advances in understanding the pathophysiology that has been achieved, there is still no complete and adequate prevention measure for this condition. AKI continues to be one of the most severe adverse effects related to the use of intravascular contrast agents. The condition can range from mild and asymptomatic serum creatinine elevation to acute renal failure with a hemodynamic compromise that could culminate in chronic kidney disease or patient dismissal. CI-AKI is challenging to predict and tends to be more prevalent in patients with preexisting comorbid conditions such as kidney disease, organ failure, diabetic nephropathy, and advanced age.

PHOTOBIOMODULATION THERAPY IN ORAL LESIONS ASSOCIATED WITH TOXIC EPIDERMAL NECROLYSIS: CASE REPORT

Photobiomodulation is a noninvasive modality with significant anti-inflammatory effects. Because there is no drug interaction, it is an alternative for patients with systemic impairment and polypharmacy. A 46-year-old female patient diagnosed with phenytoin-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis presented typical fever and erythematous bullous lesions on the trunk, limbs, face, and mouth. In addition, an increase in C-reactive protein, leukocytes, and procalcitonin and positive Nikolsky sign were detected. The treatment was conducted by a multidisciplinary team with pharmacological and supportive measures for the lesions. The stomatognathic system showed lesions in the vermilion of the upper and lower lips, buccal mucosa, and palate, compromising communication, hygiene, and diet, which was done via nasoenteral tube. After low-level laser therapy by the hospital dentistry team, the patient evolved with regression of oral lesions and changed to an oral diet. Despite the high mortality rates of this condition, the present case progressed favorably for hospital discharge and the patient remains in follow-up.

Penyuluhan Kesehatan Manajemen Nyeri Pada Warga Dawis Cempaka Kelurahan Mojosongo Surakarta

Pain that arises experience by the body will have an unpleasant impact on those who experience it. Not many people are able to cope with pain well, causing new problem such as not being able to fulfill their daily needs, not being able to move well. Most people to deal with pain take painkillers, rarely use alternative actions other than pharmacological measures (taking medicine) as well as the residents of Dawis Cempaka, Mojosongo Village, almost most of those who experience pain will overcome it by taking medicine. Knowledge about pain management is still lacking apart from pharmalogical therapy, the absence of health adres and the low utilization of posyandu for the elderly or perhaps not yet established in the area problems that will be overcome in this community service activity. The solution offered is health education about pain management so that Dawis Cempaka residents increase their knowledge and are able to take advantage of existing health facilities. The activity will be carried out with a pretest to detemine the level of knowledge before health education is carried out, after that it is continued with the provision of material on pain management, will be given a post test to determine the increase knowledge.&#x0D;

Management of intradialytic hypertension: current evidence and future perspectives.

Intradialytic hypertension (IDH), that is, a paradoxical rise in blood pressure (BP) during or immediately after a hemodialysis session, affects approximately 10-15% of the hemodialysis population. It is currently recognized as a phenomenon of major clinical significance as recent studies have shown that BP elevation extends to the whole interdialytic interval and associates with increased cardiovascular and all-cause mortality. The pathophysiology of IDH is complex involving volume and sodium overload, endothelial dysfunction, excess renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and sympathetic nervous system activation, and other mechanisms. For several years, there was a scarcity of studies regarding IDH treatment; recently, however, several attempts to examine the effect of nonpharmacological and pharmacological measures on BP levels in IDH are made. This review attempts to summarize this latest evidence in the field of management of IDH and discuss areas for future research.

Renal Transplantation in Pure Autonomic Failure.

Renal Transplantation in Pure Autonomic Failure.

Effect of pre-operative communication using anaesthesia information sheet on pre-operative anxiety of patients undergoing elective surgery-A randomised controlled study.

ABSTRACTBackground and Aims:Pre-operative anxiety can affect psychological and physiological parameters during the intra-operative period. Pharmacological measures used to reduce pre-operative anxiety have their associated adverse effects. Pre-operative anaesthesia education is one of the non-pharmacological tools to reduce anxiety, but very limited literature is available in the Indian scenario. Hence, this study was designed to evaluate the effect of pre-operative counselling of patients using anaesthesia information sheet on pre-operative anxiety of patients who underwent elective surgery as the primary outcome. Secondary objectives were to assess the pre-operative anxiety for surgery, correlation of demographic data with pre-operative anxiety, and the common causes responsible for pre-operative anxiety.Methods:Total 110 patients were randomly allocated into two groups. Group-A was counselled using anaesthesia information sheet and in Group-B, conventional counselling was done during pre-anaesthesia check-up. Anxiety scores for anaesthesia and surgery were measured using visual analogue scale for anxiety (VAS-A). VAS-A score was compared pre- and post-intervention. Effect of intervention was assessed by comparing reduction in VAS-A score in both groups with paired t-test. Data were analysed using STATA (14.2) version.Results:The mean reduction in VAS-A for anaesthesia was more in Group-A compared to Group-B (16.6 ± 6.9 vs. 4.4 ± 5.8; P < 0.001). The mean reduction in VAS-A for surgery was more in Group- A compared to Group- B (14.6 ± 7.8 vs. 4.8 ± 7.3; P < 0.001).Conclusion:Pre-operative counselling using anaesthesia information sheet is helpful in reducing pre-operative anxiety more efficiently. Further trials are required to assess transferability in other settings.

A COMPARATIVE STUDY TO ASSESS THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PELVIC ROCKING EXERCISE AND GINGER ON DYSMENORRHEA AMONG NURSING STUDENTS IN A SELECTED NURSING COLLEGE, BANGALORE

A spectrum of pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic measures is used for managing dysmenorrhea. A quasi- experimental comparative pre-test post-test design was adopted to nd effectiveness of pelvic rocking exercise and ginger on dysmenorrhea and the data collection instruments used were structured baseline questionnaire and Verbal multidimensional scoring system (VMDS) and VAS for assessing the severity of dysmenorrhea. Study was carried out among 70 nursing students with 35 students each in exercise and ginger group, selected by simple random sampling technique for 2 menstrual cycles. Among the 70 subjects 17.15%, 62.85% and 20% subjects had severe, moderate and mild dysmenorrhea The nding of the study revealed that there is a signicant more or less similar reduction in dysmenorrhea among nursing students practicing pelvic rocking exercise and consumption of ginger powder. Therefore, such simple remedial measures can be used in day – to day basis in reducing dysmenorrhea.

Management of musculoskeletal pain in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis: a review

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive, fibrotic, and fatal interstitial lung disease (ILD) of unknown etiology that primarily affects the elderly. Patients with IPF suffer from a heavy symptom burden and usually have a poor quality of life. Dyspnea and dry cough are predominant symptoms of IPF. Although pain is not considered one of the main symptoms of IPF, it can occur for a variety of reasons, such as hypoxia, coughing, muscle and nerve damage, deconditioning, and steroid use. The prevalence of pain in IPF patients varies greatly, ranging from around 30 to 80%, with the prevalence being estimated mostly among patients in the end-of-life period. It manifests itself in the form of muscle pain, joint discomfort, or back and chest pain. Approaches to the treatment of chronic musculoskeletal pain in patients with IPF include pharmacological and non-pharmacological measures that are also important to optimize the treatment of other symptoms (dyspnea and cough) and the optimal treatment of comorbidities. Given the scarcity of data on this symptom in the literature, this article summarizes what is currently known about the etiology and treatment of musculoskeletal pain in IPF.