Pharmaceutical Faculties Research Articles

On Choice of Profession of Pharmacist by Students of Moscow Universities

The development of personality strongly depends on correspondence of chosen profession to capacities and interests of specialist, labor market demand and possibility of career making. The particular dynamics is observed in alteration of conception of professions and professional activities because information revolution resulted in shifting from mono-professionalism to mastering of several professions at once. The profession of pharmacist also passed through several alterations following development of pharmaceutical industry. The results of survey of opinions of students of pharmaceutical faculties concerning choice of profession of pharmacist demonstrate an actual situation at industry market and give an opportunity of forecasting its development in Moscow for nearest years.

ANGIONEUROTIC EDEMA IN A PATIENT WITH HEREDITARY ANGIOEDEMA TYPE I, INDUCED BY AN OPIOID ANALGESIC - A CLINICAL CASE.

27Sep 2017 ANGIONEUROTIC EDEMA IN A PATIENT WITH HEREDITARY ANGIOEDEMA TYPE I, INDUCED BY AN OPIOID ANALGESIC - A CLINICAL CASE. Dermrndjiev Sv. , Koev K. and Dermendjiev T. Associate professor Dermendjiev Svetlan Mishev M.D., PhD, Occupational diseases and toxicology department, Medical University of Plovdiv, Bulgaria. Associate professor Koev Krassimir Tzonev M.D.,PhD Chair of Emergency Medicine, Department of ophthalmology, Medical University ? Sofia, Bulgaria. Associate professor Dermendzhiev Тihomir Mishev M.D., PhD, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Pharmaceutical faculty, Medical University, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.

Centenary of the Birth of Academician Prof. Dr. Isak Tadzer, Founder of the Pathophysiology and Nuclear Medicine in Macedonia.

Academician Prof. Dr. Isak Tadzer was born a hundred years ago on December 24, 1916 in Sofia. He completed the primary and secondary education at the German College in Sofia. In 1935 he began his studies at the Medical Faculty in Vienna, which he had to stop because of the annexation of Austria to Germany in 1938. He returned to Bulgaria where he continued his studies and graduated from the Medical Faculty in Sofia in 1941. During the War, 1941-1944, he was forcedly mobilized and he worked as a doctor in several villages. He was twice interned in camps in Bulgaria. In 1944 he joined the National Liberation Army and the Partisan Groups of Yugoslavia. After the liberation in 1945 he started specialization in internal medicine at the famous clinic of Prof. Chilov in Sofia. In 1946 he applied to the call by the Yugoslav government to the doctors in Bulgaria to come in aid of temporary work in our country. On the advice of the current Federal Minister of Public Health Dr. Dimitar Nestorov, Dr. Tadzer came to Skopje and was assigned to work in the Country hospital. He started specialization in internal medicine at the famous professor Ignjatovski, he established a family and decided to stay in Skopje. In 1949 Prof. Tadzer ended his specialization and he was elected an Assistant at the Department of Internal Medicine. In 1951 he left the Internal Clinic and he was elected an Assistant, and in 1952 he was elected a Docent in the subject of Pathological Physiology. In 1959 he was elected, and in 1964 he was re-elected as an Associate Professor, and in 1967 he was elected a Professor of pathophysiology at the Medical Faculty in Skopje. In the period from 1952 to 1978 he was Head of the Department and Director of the Institute of Pathophysiology. He was elected a Corresponding Member of the Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts in 1969, and a Full Member in 1974. In the period from 1984 to 1988 he was a Secretary of the Department of Medicine and Biology of the Academy. Prof. Tadzer has published over 300 scientific papers in the field of clinical medicine and pathological physiology, of which about 200 in journals in English, French, German and Serbo-Croatian, as well as 15 books, which include him among the most prolific pathophysiologists on the territory of former Yugoslavia and beyond. In the period from 1950 to 1966 several times he was on a vocational training in similar institutions and centers in Europe, and in 1972 he was on a study stay at many nuclear and medical laboratories in the USA. In addition to his great research activities his contribution as a teacher was of substantial influence and importance to the faculty. He was one of the greatest lectures at the Medical Faculty, the Faculty of Stomatology and the Pharmaceutical Faculty. Prof. Tadzer co-authored in most of the textbooks on pathophysiology for students of medicine, stomatology and pharmacy. He was an extraordinary physician, one of the pillars of the Macedonian medicine, he possessed universal, encyclopedic knowledge and is one of the most renowned medical workers in the second half of the 20th century in Macedonia. In addition to the scientific, medical and educational work Prof. Tadzer has especially rich social activity. He was President of the Faculty Council in 1975-76, he was Vice Dean of the Medical Faculty in 1958-60, Dean of the Faculty from 1963 to 1965, Dean of the Pharmaceutical Faculty and Vice Rector of the University from 1965 to 1967. Especially it should be noted his long-lasting activity at the Macedonian Medical Association of more than 50 years. Also, significant is his creative work within the Editorial board of the journal "Macedonian Medical Review", where for more than 15 years he was Editor in Chief or member of the Editorial board. For his complete activity Prof. Tadzer has won numerous diplomas, plaques and awards, and among them the following are emphasized: National Award of October 11, Order of Labor of Second Degree, the Award of the City of Skopje - November 13, the Charter of Dr. Trifun Panovski and the Certificate of Acknowledgement awarded by the Macedonian Medical Association for the outstanding results in advancing the medical science, practice and development of the health care and the long-term contribution and promotion of the MMA.

Medical Biochemistry as Subdiscipline of Laboratory Medicine in Serbia.

SummaryMedical biochemistry is the usual name for clinical biochemistry or clinical chemistry in Serbia, and medical biochemist is the official name for the clinical chemist (or clinical biochemist). This is the largest sub-discipline of the laboratory medicine in Serbia. It includes all aspects of clinical chemistry, and also laboratory hematology with coagulation, immunology, etc. Medical biochemistry laboratories in Serbia and medical biochemists as a profession are part of Health Care System and their activities are regulated through: the Health Care Law and rules issued by the Chamber of Medical Biochemists of Serbia. The first continuous and organized education for Medical Biochemists (Clinical Chemists) in Serbia dates from 1945, when the Department of Medical Biochemistry was established at the Pharmaceutical Faculty in Belgrade. In 1987 at the same Faculty a five years undergraduate study program was established, educating Medical Biochemists under a special program. Since the academic year 2006/2007 the new five year undergraduate (according to Bologna Declaration) and four-year postgraduate program according to EC4 European Syllabus for Postgraduate Training in Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine has been established. The Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health accredited these programs. There are four requirements for practicing medical biochemistry in the Health Care System: University Diploma of the Faculty of Pharmacy (Study of Medical Biochemistry), successful completion of the professional exam at the Ministry of Health after completion of one additional year of obligatory practical training in the medical biochemistry laboratories, membership in the Serbian Chamber of Medical Biochemists and licence for skilled work issued by the Serbian Chamber of Medical Biochemists. In order to present laboratory medical biochemistry practice in Serbia this paper will be focused on the following: Serbian national legislation, healthcare services organization, sub-disciplines of laboratory medicine and medical biochemistry as the most significant, education in medical biochemistry, conditions for professional practice in medical biochemistry, continuous quality improvement, and accreditation. Serbian healthcare is based on fundamental principles of universal health coverage and solidarity between all citizens.

ОРГАНІЗАЦІЯ ПРАКТИЧНОЇ ПІДГОТОВКИ СТУДЕНТІВ-ПРОВІЗОРІВ ПРИ ВИВЧЕННІ ОРГАНІЧНОЇ ХІМІЇ

У статті розглянуто організацію практичної підготовки студентів фармацевтичного факультету в ДВНЗ “Тернопільський державний медичний університет імені І. Я. Горбачевського МОЗ України” при вивченні органічної хімії. Звернуто увагу на формування загальних компетентностей, зокрема: здатності застосовувати практичні знання у критичних ситуаціях, здатності до адаптації та дій у новій ситуації і здатності до абстрактного мислення, здатності проводити дослідження на сучасному науковому рівні, аналізу та синтезу, вчитися й бути сучасно навченим.

Trends in the Numbers of US Colleges of Pharmacy and Their Graduates, 1900 to 2014

Objective. To describe the cumulative and contemporary numbers of colleges and schools of pharmacy between 1900 and 2014 based on membership in the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy or its predecessor, the American Conference of Pharmaceutical Faculties, as well as the mean number of graduates among member schools each year. Methods. A review of published literature for numbers of schools and graduates was conducted and descriptive statistics were calculated. Results. The cumulative number of schools rose from 21 to 152 between those years. The peak contemporary number was 130 in 2014. Including satellite campuses with parallel curricula brings the contemporary total to 172. The smallest number of graduates per member school per year occurred in 1945 and 1946, with peaks in 1951, 1977, and 2013 (∼110 per school per year in the latter two peaks). Conclusions. The number of US pharmacy schools progressively rose between 1900 and 2014, with the fastest rate of growth occurring in 2014. The mean number of graduates per school per year rose or fell with influences such as the Great Depression, World War II, and the GI Bill.

МЕТОДИ СТИМУЛЮВАННЯ І МОТИВАЦІЇ НАВЧАЛЬНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ СТУДЕНТІВ ПРИ ВИВЧЕННІ ФАРМАКОГНОЗІЇ

<p>Успіх молодих людей у майбутній професійній діяльності істотно залежить від якості їх підготовки у вищому навчальному закладі. Автор статті розглядає проблеми підвищення мотивації до навчальної діяльності студентів, визначає ступінь мотивації, аналізує і виділяє мотиваційні аспекти, як критерій інтенсифікації вивчення фармакогнозії студентами фармацевтичного факультету.</p>

РОЗУМІННЯ ПОНЯТТЯ «ОСОБИСТА СОЦІАЛЬНА ВІДПОВІДАЛЬНІСТЬ» МАЙБУТНІМИ СПЕЦІАЛІСТАМИ ФАРМАЦІЇ

<p align="center"><strong>UNDERSTANDING OF </strong><strong>THE CONCEPT OF </strong><strong>"PERSONAL SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY" </strong><strong>BY THE FUTURE SPECIALISTS IN PHARMACY </strong></p><p align="center"><strong>Tkachenko N.O.</strong></p><p align="center">Zaporizhzhia State Medical University, Zaporizhzhia, Ukraine</p><p><strong>Summary:</strong> In the article is theoretically soundly formation of social responsibility as a professional competence by the future specialists in pharmacy. The competence of the "social responsibility" is a factor converting the obtained professional knowledge and skills in system of views on social value of pharmacy, pharmaceutical organizations, herself and heir place in the pharmaceutical system.</p><p>Analyzed of understanding "personal social responsibility" future specialists of pharmacy and their self-esteem themselves as the responsible person.</p><p><strong>Key words:</strong> social responsibility, pharmacy, personal responsibility, students</p><p><strong>Introduction.</strong> Social responsibility (SR) has a complex hierarchical structure, in which the main role belongs to the individual level, where a person is the subject of specific activities. The essence of personal social responsibility (PSR) subjects Pharmacy today is treated differently. This is the problem of defining it as a concept, its assessment methodology, forming system.</p><p><strong>Purpose of the work.</strong> The study of the essence of PSR within the pharmaceutical activity, and identify the level of completeness and understanding of this concept future specialists of pharmacy.</p><p><strong>Methods. </strong>We used: methods of analysis and synthesis, logical knowledge, comparison, generalization, content analysis and survey.</p><p>We interviewed 167 graduating students of pharmaceutical faculty of Zaporizhzhya State Medical University correspondence course on a specialty "Pharmacy".</p><p><strong>Results and discussion</strong>. To clarify how students understand the definition of 'PSR' and completeness of the content, we proposed nine characteristics of PSR behavior specialist pharmacy with the ability to formulate other features to the discretion of the respondents.</p><p>For ease of processing the results, respondents have conditionally divided into five groups. Group A determined performance characteristics elected students from 100% to 80%; Group B - from 79% to 60%; Group C - from 59% to 40%; Group D - from 39% to 20%, and Group E - below 20%.</p><p>Analysis of the responses showed that in <em>group A</em> and <em>group E</em> was not included any of the characteristics of the PSR, that is, the majority of students today do not have a formed opinion on the existence of a single specialist pharmacy PSR.</p><p>The <em>group B</em> owns only one response: 66.47% of respondents said "willingness to answer for their actions."</p><p><em> Group C</em> has the highest number of characteristics - 6 choices.</p><p><em>Group D</em> to identify options for the students' answers such as "socially responsible activities" and "self-esteem and self-reporting."</p><p>Also, the survey respondents were asked to rate their personal responsibility for the individual parameters. This is very important: the responsibility to others begins with an assessment himself and his actions.</p><p><strong>Conclusions. </strong>The effectiveness of training and education of future pharmacists significantly increased in the case where the formation of the PSR recognizes the essential part of their training.</p><p>Studies have shown that the vast majority of future specialists familiar with the concept of PSR, but rather the fullness of its definition varies. Undergraduate of correspondence course don’t have the shaped consensus as to the manifestations of SR by the pharmaceutical worker.</p><p>Revealed significant divisions in the original concept definitions of the term PSR. Requires develop a model of social responsibility among university students of pharmaceutical profile and a common approach in teaching of the individual organizational and management disciplines. </p>

The Distinctive Features of a Picture of the World of the Students of Pharmaceutical Faculty

The relevance of the studied problem is caused by the lack of the uniform model of a picture of the world of the professional and the insufficient number of the researches of a picture of the world of the pharmacists. The purpose of this article is the acquaintance of the psychologists working in the educational institutions and the pharmaceutical companies with the results of the research of a picture of the world of the students of the pharmaceutical faculty of medical school, which work in the specialty. The main result of this research is the empirical confirmation of the model of the picture of the world that includes the belief about the goodwill and justice of the world around, the one’s own value and importance, the luck and ability to control the events of the life, about the future and about the efficiency of the professional activity. The materials of the article can be useful for the psychologists of the educational institutions in which there are pharmaceutical faculties, and also for the psychologists working in the pharmaceutical companies and pharmacy chains.

Modern approaches to teaching pharmacognosy to students-pharmacists of extramural study form of III-IV accreditation level using credit-modular system

The article describes the main points and features of the implementation of credit-modular system into the educational process while studying pharmacognosy at the National Medical University named after A.A. Bohomolets for students of extramural study in the pharmaceutical faculty.

Methodological features of the study of toxicological chemistry

Розглянуто й обґрунтовано методичні особливості викладання токсикологічної хімії у вищих навчальних медичних закладах на фармацевтичних факультетах з урахуванням вимог Болонської декларації.

Independent work of students as an important method of training pharmacists at the department of clinical pharmacology and pharmacotherapy

Independent work of pharmaceutical faculty students which promotes getting additional knowledge is one of the forms of organizing educational process at the department of clinical pharmacology and pharmacotherapy. Independent work is carried out by using methodical instructions for students which include educational aims, a list of questions, situational problems and tests for self-control as well as references. This kind of study stimulates students to the individual work with literature, to searching information on the Internet, making up abstracts and writing notes. A scientific students’ circle was created at the department in order to increase students’ independent work effectiveness and to strengthen their motivation to perform the work.

Social Pharmacy as a Field of Study in Undergraduate Pharmacy Education

Objective: To ascertain and compare the differences, extent and depth of education in Social Pharmacy and reveal international regional variations. To analyze Social Pharmacy education at different pharmaceutical faculties. To examine the range and scope of teaching subjects partially related to the social, behavioral and administrative pharmacy sciences. Methods: A questionnaire survey was developed based on the examination of the study plans of 15 pharmacy schools around the world. A questionnaire was created based on the analysis of the curricula and mailed to 371 deans (or heads of Departments of Social Pharmacy) at colleges and schools of pharmacy in Europe, North America and developing countries (Latin America, Asia and Africa). Results: Fifty-one usable surveys were returned to the authors (a 53% response rate). 41% of the respondents reported that their school of pharmacy had a Social Pharmacy Department. In addition, 41% of the schools featured Social Pharmacy as a separate subject. This article describes regional differences and different representation of sub-disciplines. Conclusions: Although the most of surveyed schools had Social Pharmacy and related sub-disciplines in their curricula, there were large differences in approach and scope of teaching. Regional trends were discovered connected with the economic, political and social environment of particular regions.

Pharmacoeconomic education for pharmacy students in bosnia and herzegovina.

Pharmacoeconomic (PE) is becoming more important in pharmaceutical reimbursement decision and drug evaluation. To ensure its appropriate application, conduction and assessment of studies it is important to have well trained and educated professionals. Pharmaceutical faculties all over the world have established PE in under- and post-graduate curricula’s. In this pilot research we examine situation in B&H. In Bosnia-Herzegovina, education in this field is poor and only one faculty for pharmacy has introduced PE as subject in its program. Objective of this study is to explore understanding of PE and its concept and analysis and to evaluated adopted knowledge among graduate (fifth year/tenth semester) pharmacy students who have listened subject “pharmacoeconomics” in previous semester. A self-administered questionnaire was developed consisted of 12 questions and survey was conducted among students. Results are analyzed in MS Excel and we used descriptive statistics. Even graduate students have lessons from PE they understand its scope and definition, but do not feel capable for conducting PE studies, but show interest in additional education and getting competencies in this field finding it applicable in their future professional engagements.

Higher pharmaceutical education in the Republic of Tatarstan: sources of formation of educational basis, it’s development, improvement, results and achievements

The analysis of historical and bibliographic data of pharmaceutical education foundation in the Republic of Tatarstan is presented. Over than 200-year history of higher education in Kazan, started in 1804, determined the development of not only medical, but also pharmaceutical sciences. In Kazan Emperor’s University 4 faculties were founded, including the Faculty of Medical Sciences, that included the combined Department of chemistry, technology and pharmacy (pharmaceutics), which actually consisted of several departments. The Pharmaceutical Faculty was established in Kazan Medical Institute in 1975. Departments of Pharmaceutical, analytical and toxicological chemistry, Pharmaceutical technologies, Pharmacognosy and botany, Organization and economics of pharmacy were created. First pharmacists were graduated at 1980. By June 2012, 2472 full-time students were granted the diplomas of pharmacists, 2418 were Russian citizens, 54 - foreigners. In 1998, Department of part-time education was established at Pharmaceutical Faculty, which has already graduated 606 pharmacists. Alumni of Pharmaceutical Faculty of Kazan State Medical University occupy the highest supervising posts at pharmacy network and pharmaceutical industry, which is the clear evidence of the highest quality of education they have received at the University.

Преподавание правовых аспектов профессиональной деятельности провизоров-косметологов студентам по специальности «Технология парфюмерно-косметических средств" в Запорожском государственном медицинском университете

The article refl ects the experience of teaching the legal aspects of professional activities of pharmacists-cosmetologists to the students of Pharmaceutical Faculty, specialty «Technology of perfumery and cosmetics» in Zaporozhye State Medical University.

Education and Recognition of Professional Qualifications in the Field of Medical Biochemistry in Serbia

Education and Recognition of Professional Qualifications in the Field of Medical Biochemistry in Serbia Medical biochemistry is the usual name for clinical biochemistry or clinical chemistry in Serbia, and medical biochemist is the official name for the clinical chemist (or clinical biochemist). This is the largest sub-discipline of the laboratory medicine in Serbia. It includes all aspects of clinical chemistry, and also laboratory hematology with coagulation, immunology, etc. Medical biochemistry laboratories in Serbia and medical biochemists as a profession are part of Health Care System and their activities are regulated through: the Health Care Law and rules issued by the Chamber of Medical Biochemists of Serbia. The first continuous and organized education for Medical Biochemists (Clinical Chemists) in Serbia dates from 1945, when the Department of Medical Biochemistry was established at the Pharmaceutical Faculty in Belgrade. In 1987 at the same Faculty a five years undergraduate branch was established, educating Medical Biochemists under a special program. Since school-year 2006/2007 the new five year undergraduate (according to Bologna Declaration) and postgraduate program of four-year specialization according to EC4 European Syllabus for Post-Gradate Training in Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine has been established. The Ministry of Education and Ministry of Public Health accredits the programs. There are four requirements for practicing medical biochemistry in the Health Care System: University Diploma of the Faculty of Pharmacy (Study of Medical Biochemistry), successful completion of the profession exam at the Ministry of Health after completion of one additional year of obligatory practical training in the medical biochemistry laboratories, membership in the Serbian Chamber of Medical Biochemists and licence for skilled work issued by the Serbian Chamber of Medical Biochemists. The process of recognition of a foreign higher education document for field of medical biochemistry is initiated on request by Candidate. The process of recognition of foreign higher education documents is performed by the University. In the process of recognition in Serbia national legislations are applied as well as international legal documents of varying legal importance.

Sixty Years Faculty of Medicine in the Republic of Macedonia (1947-2007)

Faculty of Medicine in Skopje, Republic of Macedonia was founded in 1947 year with its educational and health activities which should lead to improvement of the health care in the country. In the past sixty years Faculty of Medicine changed its structure, position, and the role several times in order to fulfill the needs of the society for continous increase of quantity and quality of tertiary health care, education of medical students, as well as research in the biomedical fields. Today, the organizational structure of the Medical Faculty consists of 12 institutes and 3 teaching bases in the pre-clinical department and 25 clinics, 3 institutes and 7 teaching bases which take active part in both, education and scientific activities. Altogether there are 33 departments which perform the entire educational (undergraduate, postgraduate, specialization and sub-specialization), scientific and providing health activities. These 33 departments are actively involved in the realization of the study programmes, not only at the Medical Faculty, but the Faculty of Stomatology, Pharmaceutical Faculty, the Faculty of Natural Sciences, and the Faculty of Physical Culture as well. Medical Faculty is a member of the European and the global family of institutions of this kind.

The division of labour in healthcare - the role of the pharmacist

Many actors in health care would like to abolish the pharmaceutical profession. Politicians in search of further cost saving alternatives have seized upon the retail margins of pharmacies. Many physicians bear antipathy towards their competitor for the scarce financial health care resources. And in times of e-commerce and industrially produced drugs, many people are convinced that pharmacists are dispensable. Therefore, pharmacists should commonly provide competent and helpful advice to patients and physicians, learn more about the politics of the health system and become more flexible than at present. Unfortunately, they are not on the right path yet. This paper describes the need for action and concludes that pharmaceutical faculties must impart not only learning about chemistry and galenics, but also a profound knowledge of the health system, social skills, cost structures and the clinical benefit and cost-benefit-ratio of drugs.

Introduction of Active Learning and Student Readership into the Teaching of Pharmaceutical Faculty

We have introduced improvements and new approaches into our teaching methods by exploiting 4 active learning methods for pharmacy students of first year. The 4 teaching methods for each lesson or take home assignment are follows: 1) problem-based learning (clinical case) including a student presentation of the clinical case, 2) schematic drawings of the human organs, one drawing done in 15-20 min during the week following a lecture and a second drawing done with reference to a professional textbook, 3) learning of professional themes in take home assignments, and 4) short test in order to confirm the understanding of technical terms by using paper or computer. These improvements and new methods provide active approaches for pharmacy students (as opposed to passive memorization of words and image study). In combination, they have proven to be useful as a learning method to acquire expert knowledge and to convert from passive learning approach to active learning approach of pharmacy students in the classroom.