Government Of Peru Research Articles

Leadership Skills and Organizational Learning Culture in the Implementation of Public Policies in a Local Government - Cajamarca Region 2024, Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions (SDG 16)

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the influence of managerial competencies and organizational learning culture on the implementation of public policies in a local government in Peru, 2024. Theoretical Framework: This research is grounded in theories of public policy management and organizational learning, emphasizing the importance of competent leadership and a culture that promotes continuous learning and innovation within institutions. Method: The methodology adopted for this research comprises a quantitative approach with a non-experimental correlational causal design and a cross-sectional perspective. Data were collected from 200 municipal executives using surveys, with a structured questionnaire as the primary instrument. Results and Discussion: The results revealed a significant influence of managerial competencies and organizational learning culture on the effective implementation of public policies. In the discussion, these findings are contextualized within the theoretical framework, highlighting their implications for enhancing policy effectiveness and addressing limitations related to the study's design. Research Implications: The practical implications suggest that strengthening managerial competencies and fostering an organizational learning culture can lead to more effective public policy implementation. These insights are particularly relevant for local government officials and policymakers seeking to improve governance outcomes. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by providing empirical evidence on the critical role of leadership competencies and learning culture in public policy implementation. Its relevance is underscored by its potential to inform training and development initiatives for municipal leaders.

The Impact Of Digital Government On The Modernization Of The State: Systematic Review

This article aims to analyze the implementation of the Digital Government in Peru within the framework of the State Modernization Policy. For this purpose, a systematic review was used as the main analysis methodology. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were established based on the research question "What is the current level of implementation of the Digital Government in Peru within the framework of the State Modernization Policy?". The results of this systematic review reveal trends in the modernization of the State, highlighting progress in the implementation of digital technologies to increase the efficiency of government and the provision of citizen services. In conclusion, this analysis provides an overview of the state of Digital Government in Peru. Likewise, it allows us to identify areas of opportunity and improvement in the effective modernization of the State through digital technologies, to guarantee more efficient management focused on the well-being of citizens.

Constraints on Public Policy Design and Formulation: A Case Study on the Conservation of Natural Resources in Local Governments of the Amazonia, Peru

The high rate of depredation of forest resources causes major climatic changes that affect the economic activities and health of populations, plunging them into poverty and social problems. The state is responsible for dealing with these problems, because it has the technical, legal, and economic power to do so. This research aims to identify the factors that limit the design and formulation of public policies for the conservation of natural resources at the level of local district and provincial governments in Peru. For this study, we used qualitative methodology and non-probabilistic sampling, as well as techniques such as unstructured interviews, focus groups, and documentary review; moreover, for data analysis, we applied the theoretical saturation design in grounded theory. The results show that the conservation of natural resources is not positioned as a priority public policy in municipal administrations; furthermore, the organic units of natural resources suffer financial restrictions, and not because of a lack of budget availability, but because of a lack of will and decision-making capacity of authorities and civil servants, as well as a lack of coordination between the different national governments. It concludes that there are conflicts of interest in public policy making, with abuse of power and corruption predominating. Furthermore, the complexity of addressing sustainability criteria and the inability to confront the environmental crisis mean that international summits and national norms are attenuated in the face of the problems of environmental degradation. Deforestation should be considered a major public priority problem because of its environmental, economic, social, and health impacts. These problems require a holistic approach that combines local, national, and international policies and fosters effective and participatory governance.

Local infrastructure governance in Peru: a systems thinking appraisal

Ensuring the through-life quality of infrastructure systems is a fundamental instrument in providing economic development and enhancing the quality of life. The complexity of infrastructure networks themselves, the operations of the public entities that manage them and the governance systems that oversee them make this a challenging activity. This research uses the city of Arequipa in Peru as a case study to bridge the knowledge gap on the behaviour of such municipalities regarding the management of infrastructure systems. It employs qualitative system dynamics modelling through a methodology based on the V-model, with its emphasis on validation and verification, and framed in the systems thinking approach. First, 67 variables characterising the management of infrastructure systems in Arequipa are identified from the literature and semi-structured interviews with key actors. Second, a model of the system is constructed using causal loop diagrams. Within this model, 33 feedback loops are identified, formed from the causal influences between variables. Third, a diagnosis is carried out that unequivocally illuminates the failure patterns of the municipalities. Fourth, by identifying leverage points, a paradigm-shifting intervention is proposed along with tools that municipalities can implement to improve their performance. Finally, these proposals are validated with key actors through a focus group.

INTEGRATED FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM: ITS IMPORTANCE IN ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT IN LOCAL GOVERNMENTS IN PERU - 2023

Purpose: This study delves into the pivotal role of the Integrated Financial Administration System (SIAF) within local governments in Peru, with a focus on its influence on administrative, budgetary, and financial management. Theoretical Framework: The study is grounded in a theoretical framework that explores the essential functions and applications of the SIAF in the context of municipal affairs. Design/Methodology/Approach: Employing a quantitative research approach with a descriptive correlational design, the study actively engaged 166 participants, including authorities, managers, and collaborators from municipalities. Random surveys and interviews were conducted to gather insights from advisors and experts. Findings: The results revealed a significant consensus, with 72.29% strongly agreeing on the substantial role of the SIAF in municipal administration. An additional 70.48% endorsed strong agreement, underscoring tangible improvements in administrative management facilitated by the SIAF. Reliability analysis, as reflected in KR20 and KR21 values, further solidified the credibility of the study. Research, Practical & Social Implications: The study recommends the establishment of continuous monitoring mechanisms for the SIAF, emphasizing regular updates to align with evolving administrative, budgetary, and financial requirements. Additionally, advocating for comprehensive capacity-building and training programs for municipal personnel is crucial to enhance proficiency in utilizing the SIAF effectively. Empowering stakeholders is expected to optimize system benefits and cultivate a culture of efficient financial administration within local governments. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the existing body of knowledge by providing comprehensive insights into the indispensable role of the SIAF in local government administration, backed by rigorous quantitative analysis and reliability metrics.

Grey Systems Model to Assess Water Quality in Mantaro River in Peru

The section of the Mantaro River that flows through the department of Huancavelica, Peru, has been affected by toxic wastes and mineral residues from industrial and mining activities, which have directly impacted the water quality. In this work, a grey system model, based on the grey clustering method, was used to assess water quality. The grey clustering method was applied using the central point of triangular whitening weight functions (CTWF). In addition, the Prati index and the Environmental Quality Standards for water from the Peru government were revised and used for this study. In the case study, six physicochemical parameters, pH, DO, BOD, Cd, As, and Pb, at nine monitoring points were assessed along the Mantaro River. The results showed that the sixth monitoring point (P6), which is influenced by mining activity, was highly contaminated, while the other points were classified as noncontaminated. Finally, the results obtained by applying the grey clustering method can be useful to competent authorities, for decision making on water management in this watershed.

Planning for Implementation: Shifting the Focus of National Biodiversity Strategies to Local Narratives, Existing Institutional Settings and Social Capital

The Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) has repeatedly failed to meet its global targets in 2010 and 2020, pointing to persistent obstacles to implementation. National Biodiversity Strategies and Action Plans (NBSAPs) are the central instrument for translating global targets into actions across sectors and levels of government, also referred to as mainstreaming. This paper focuses on Peru as a case study to analyse to what extent NBSAPs are capable of addressing context-specific implementation challenges. It develops an analytical framework based on the literature on conservation governance in Peru to analyse to what extent the NBSAP from 2014 and the action plan from 2019 (1) reflect national biodiversity narratives; (2) address dominant causes of biodiversity loss; (3) link targets to sector-specific institutions and processes; and (4) to what extent the Peruvian National Commission for Biological Diversity builds social capital for implementation. The results indicate that the NBSAP (1) is dominated by a capitalist narrative focussing on economic values of biodiversity while giving less importance to other, particularly local narratives; (2) addresses most direct causes, but fails to operationalise its targets into conservation action; (3) has not been designed to connect and guide relevant sector policies, such as environmental impact assessments or agricultural policies; and (4) the strong participation in the commission for biodiversity is not used to foster implementation, but mostly on CBD reporting and planning. Thus, addressing these challenges provides powerful levers for how to harness the NBSAPs’ potential to mainstream biodiversity and increase their relevance for mobilising and guiding implementation and stimulate institutional learning.

Governmentality in evidence? Evolving rationalities of forest governance in Peru

Governmentality in evidence? Evolving rationalities of forest governance in Peru

Recentralization, intergovernmental conflicts and territorial inequality: perspective of local governments in Peru

Resumen Los conflictos intergubernamentales, en el contexto del centralismo Latinoamericano y la recentralización en el Perú, se han agudizado durante los últimos 30 años, produciendo diversos problemas sociopolíticos, económicos y culturales en los ámbitos subnacionales. Este fenómeno sociopolítico se analiza desde la perspectiva de los gobiernos locales en la región Puno, basado en el diseño de la Teoría Fundamentada de Glasser y Strauss, para dar cuenta de las categorías y subcategorías de análisis emergentes respecto de la dinámica de las relaciones intergubernamentales (RIG) en el proceso de las políticas públicas locales. El argumento principal es que, como resultado del centralismo, la recentralización y los conflictos intergubernamentales, se reproduce y se refuerza la desigualdad territorial en los ámbitos locales, expresada en una dicotomía entre: dinámicas territoriales deficitarias (zonas de atraso) y dinámicas territoriales emprendedoras (áreas de crecimiento).

Political Action of the Catholic Hierarchy and the Use of Religion in Political Organizations (Peru, 1920–2021): Evidence and Long-Term Analysis

This article presents the characteristics that the Catholic hierarchy has displayed over the course of a century in the political arena, as well as the importance that religious elements have exercised over the legitimacy of some parties and governments in Peru. It specifically analyzes the clergy and their relation with the State, as well as interpreting how they understood their participation and influence in local politics. In addition, parties and regimes over the course of a century are analyzed, emphasizing the presidential election campaigns of 1990 and 2021, in order to discuss the limits that political organizations have experienced in monopolizing religious representations. This study will help to better understand the nature of Catholicism in Latin American politics.

Populist Constitutionalism in Brazil and Peru: Historical and Contextual Issues

Given populism's common practice in South America, the region provides a crucial case to identify populism as a prevalent strategy by different ideologies. The link between populism and constitutionalism is paramount because populist governments typically use constituent power and constitutional identity to reach political goals. This study aimed to provide a comparative constitutional analysis of the recent development of populism in Brazil and Peru. The first was the rhetoric and practices of Jair Bolsonaro's government in Brazil, whereas the second was Pedro Castillo's government in Peru regarding constitutional reforms and human rights issues. This comparison justified that Brazil and Peru are presidential republics where harsh political polarization shakes their societies. Bolsonaro and Castillo have anti-corruption discourses and support a new constituent process but present antagonistic economic views. This study was comparative in nature that used a qualitative approach, sourced from bibliographic and documentary research that included specialized literature on South American populism and constitutionalism and the government's plans and legislation. This study showed that both governments have difficulties executing their respective agendas on customs and constituent referendums due to governability problems and important features of the constitutional design, such as eternity clauses, judicial review, and constitutional rigidity. It concluded that the populist strategies of Bolsonaro and Castillo are different. Bolsonarism is antiliberal and promotes human rights regression, whereas Castillo's populism is conservative but democratic. In common, both face the coalitional presidentialism and constitutional protection mechanisms as constraints to putting their political goals entirely into practice.
 KEYWORDS: Authoritarianism, Constitutionalism, Fundamental Rights, Populism.

Analysis of the famous Moche head “Cabeza de Mono Dorada”

Abstract On December 8, 2011, a famous Moche monkey head on gold was returned from USA to the government of Peru, because illegally exported many years before. Since 2012 the monkey head was kept at the Ministry of Culture, which is located in the same building as the National Museum in Lima, waiting for final destination. The small monkey head size is approximately 4.5 cm high and 7 cm diameter. It weighs 49 g. On February 2018 the artefact was non-destructively analyzed using a portable device for energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence. The analyses showed that the monkey head is homogeneous, with following mean composition: Au = (77.5 ±2)%, Ag= (19 ±1.5)%, Cu = (3.5 ±1)%. This composition is consistent with the hypothesis that the artefact is of Moche origin.

The Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Halting Sustainable Development in the Colca y Volcanes de Andagua UNESCO Global Geopark in Peru—Prospects and Future

Events, such as the COVID-19 pandemic, that rapidly impact global communication and travel have significant consequences for the tourism industry, which is one of the pillars of global development. We assess the impacts of the COVID-19 crisis on the Colca y Volcanes de Andagua UNESCO Global Geopark in Peru. The Colca y Volcanes de Andagua Geopark was established immediately prior to the pandemic in October 2019. The instability of the government in Peru during the pandemic and the difficult living conditions in the high Andes, such as the lack of drinking water, cleaning agents, medical care, and the high levels of poverty, particularly in the geopark region, has contributed to the significantly high COVID-19 infection rates. In addition, detrimental impacts faced by the local community are a direct result of a reduction in travellers to the area due to legislative restrictions, which have had negative consequences on the local tourism industry. There is an urgent need for the recovery of the local tourism industry to prevent the permanent closure of tourism facilities and to minimise poverty rates.

Strengthening Local Governance of Secondary Forest in Peru

Natural forest regrowth is critical for restoring ecosystem services in degraded landscapes and providing forest resources. Those who control tenure and access rights to these secondary forest areas determine who benefits from economically charged off-farm opportunities such as finance for forest restoration, selling carbon credits, and receiving payment for ecosystem services. We explore multiple dimensions of secondary forest governance in Peru, where the lack of official government statistics of the extent, geography, and ownership, coupled with low state capacity, prevents the development of governance structures that could stimulate their sustainable management. In this paper, we review the challenges to secondary forest governance, and the opportunities to strengthen it, focusing on beneficial outcomes for smallholder farmers. We characterize secondary forest types, extent, and persistence in Peru, followed by a presentation of the social dimensions of their governance. We identify four entry points for government to take action: national mapping of the socio-geography of second growth forest, regularize the property rights of untitled landholders, relax forest regulations, and provide incentives, not sanctions, for secondary forest management. Overall, we recommend folding secondary forest governance into a landscape approach. In Peru, strengthening local forest governance could help to drive benefits of climate change mitigation incentives directly to local forest stewards.

Peruvian Amazon disappearing: Transformation of protected areas during the last two decades (2001–2019) and potential future deforestation modelling using cloud computing and MaxEnt approach

Despite several measures that have been taken to promote the conservation of the Peruvian Amazon, several reports exhibited that forest cover loss was still occurring. To combat against deforestation and landscape change, the Peru government has created Protected Areas (PAs) to maintain floral diversity, conserve forests and environmental services. Along with tremendous anthropogenic pressures, billions of dollars have been spent every year to promote and save the PAs, yet rigorous quantified evaluation and interpretation of such PAs are lacking. Considering such knowledge gap, we have quantified the forest loss under the PAs and their buffer areas over the last 20 years (2001–2019) have been performed using Google Earth Engine. Furthermore, the potential deforestation risk zones were identified using the Maximum Entropy based predictive modelling. Outcome showed that the forest cover losses within the PAs were 114,463 ha and 782,781 ha within the buffer zones in the last 20 years. Additionally, high deforestation risk zones were mainly found in the central and southwestern parts of the Peruvian Amazon and interestingly close to the navigable riverbanks. We have received high prediction accuracy (AUC 0.964) and further validated with high-resolution PlanetScope imageries. This study will be useful for policy interventions and conservation measures.

Proposal of a web application of virtual letters for restaurants as a prevention measure in time of COVID-19

The COVID - 19 pandemic and the health crisis that today has affected the entire world, has forced many companies to make the use of technological tools essential for them to compete in the market. All this has made mobile applications or web systems the most appropriate solution to implement in your business model. The present investigative work aims to propose the analysis and development of an order management system, digitizing the menu for restaurants and allowing the ordering process to be quick and interactive. Following the guidelines provided by the Government of Peru, in which they recommend, the digitization of traditional letters as it is considered a source of the spread of the coronavirus and to be replaced by menus or virtual letters which can be scanned through QR codes. The development of this project allows customers to view in detail the available dishes offered by the restaurant and proceed to order the food they want, on the other hand, the restaurant can keep track of all orders and relevant information about the business. To develop the prototype, an analysis and information gathering of the technologies to be implemented will begin.

Proposal of a web application of virtual letters for restaurants as a prevention measure in time of COVID-19

The COVID - 19 pandemic and the health crisis that today has affected the entire world, has forced many companies to make the use of technological tools essential for them to compete in the market. All this has made mobile applications or web systems the most appropriate solution to implement in your business model. The present investigative work aims to propose the analysis and development of an order management system, digitizing the menu for restaurants and allowing the ordering process to be quick and interactive. Following the guidelines provided by the Government of Peru, in which they recommend, the digitization of traditional letters as it is considered a source of the spread of the coronavirus and to be replaced by menus or virtual letters which can be scanned through QR codes. The development of this project allows customers to view in detail the available dishes offered by the restaurant and proceed to order the food they want, on the other hand, the restaurant can keep track of all orders and relevant information about the business. To develop the prototype, an analysis and information gathering of the technologies to be implemented will begin.

A Tale of Two Pandemics: Economic Inequality and Support for Containment Measures in Peru

Research suggests that the coronavirus pandemic disproportionately affected poor communities. However, relatively little is known about how this differential impact affected support for, and compliance with, COVID-19 lockdown policies. This article examines the relationship between socioeconomic inequalities and public opinion towards COVID-19 containment measures in Peru. Despite the strict quarantine measures adopted by the government of Peru, the country struggled to contain the spread of the disease. We designed and implemented a nationally representative survey in Peru and found that economically vulnerable sectors are more likely to oppose the quarantine and are more likely to defy the stay-at-home recommendations to leave home and go to work. Our contribution highlights that poor citizens’ housing and economic conditions can explain why the poor are more likely to react negatively to COVID-19 lockdown policies.

Gestión de la atención al paciente mediante tecnología RFID en el hospital naval del Perú.

El gobierno del Perú, de acuerdo a las leyes y reglamentaciones impuestas por los avances en tecnologías de la salud, ha suscitado la inversión en sistemas de información que presenten la historia clínica electrónica, las cuales permiten una atención ágil, oportuna y dinámica en el registro en la historia clínica, y mitigar errores comunes como la duplicidad, el deterioro y la pérdida de la misma. La investigación exhibe las bondades de esta tecnología mediante la comparación de dos grupos muestrales extraídos de una población perteneciente al Hospital Naval del Perú, donde se evidenció las potencialidades y la optimización del tiempo mediante RFID para la mejora de los servicios asistenciales de salud en diferentes especialidades médicas.

Entrepreneurship in Peru: a SWOT analysis

The purpose of this research is to use the SWOT analysis to examine Peru's country conditions and identify areas for potential sources of entrepreneurial opportunities. Findings indicate Peru's main drivers of its economic activities are the energy, agriculture and tourism industries. However, insufficient infrastructure, crime, corruption, poor education and poverty limit economic development. Opportunities for entrepreneurship exist through a diversified economy with a favourable business environment. Although current entrepreneurial activity is mostly concentrated in the retail, hotel and restaurant sector, there is potential to increase entrepreneurial activity within the main economic activities as foreign investments are expected to increase Peru's export-driven industries. Because Peru's government efforts to support entrepreneurship and entrepreneurship education have been stagnant in the last decade, we offer recommendations for policy makers to increase entrepreneurial activities based on training and motivation to improve business conditions that would promote and encourage entrepreneurial behaviour.